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[ 1953 ] Part 1 Chapter 2 Political and Security

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[ 1953 ] Part 1 Chapter 2 Political and Security II. Political and Security Questions A. THE QUESTION OF KOREA 1. United Nations Command Reports1 and asking if the other side was prepared to proceed with such repatriation. Reports of the United Nations Command opera- On 28 March, the Chinese-North Korean Com- tions in Korea were submitted by the representa- mand agreed to the principle of the exchange of tive of the United States to the Security Council, the sick and wounded, which, they stated, "should in accordance with the Security Council resolution be made to lead to the smooth settlement of the (S/1588) of 7 July 1950. The following infor- entire question of prisoners of war". Arrange- mation on the progress of truce negotiations and ments for the exchange were initiated through the of operations is taken from reports Nos. 61 to 76 respective liaison officers on 6 April. and from a special report of the Unified Com- 2 The agreement was followed on 30 March by mand to the Security Council (S/3079) dated a statement by Chou En-lai,5 Foreign Minister of 7 August 1953. the People's Republic of China, subsequently endorsed by the Prime Minister of the North a. TRUCE NEGOTIATIONS3 Korean regime, indicating a desire to resume By the end of 1952, agreement had been negotiations on the entire prisoner-of-war ques- reached on all major questions relating to the tion. conclusion of an armistice and a tentative draft On 11 April 1953, agreement was formally armistice agreement4 had been worked out cover- reached on the repatriation of sick and wounded ing all agreed points. The differences between the prisoners of war. The initial Chinese-North United Nations Command and the Chinese-North Korean figure for prisoners of war to be repa- Korean side which had prevented the conclusion triated was 600, including 450 Koreans and 150 of an armistice had been narrowed, by the end of non-Koreans. The United Nations Command April 1952, to the question of the disposal of initially agreed to repatriate 5,800 prisoners, prisoners of war. The United Nations Command including 5,100 Koreans and 700 Chinese. Pur- had insisted that force should not be used to 1 Reports Nos. 61 to 76 of the United Nations repatriate any prisoner of war. The Chinese-North Command operations in Korea: S/2991, S/2999, Korean side had insisted on the unconditional S/3017, S/3037, S/3038, S/3070, S/3084, S/3090, S/3091, S/3096, S/3117, S/3132, S/3133, S/3143, repatriation of all prisoners of war. Armistice S/3148 and S/3185. The report (S/3148) for the negotiations were recessed on 8 October 1952, period of 1 to 15 August stated that in view of the following the rejection by the Chinese-North reduced activities of the United Nations Command after the signing of the Armistice Agreement no fur- Korean side of United Nations Command pro- ther regular fortnightly reports would be issued. posals on the question of repatriation of prisoners However, reports would be submitted from time to time on the implementation of the Armistice Agree- of war. They were resumed on 26 April 1953. ment. Following a resolution adopted by the Executive 2 The special report was also circulated to the Committee of the League of Red Cross Societies General Assembly (A/2431). 3 For progress of truce negotiations in 1952, see on 13 December 1952, which appealed to the Y.U.N., 1952, pp. 155-59. parties, as a gesture of good will, to implement 4 For the text of the draft armistice agreement, see the humanitarian principles of the Geneva Con- Y.U.N. 1952, pp. 166-74. 5 In his statement (A/2378), the Foreign Minister vention by repatriating sick and wounded prison- of the People's Republic of China stated, inter alia, ers of war, the Commander-in-Chief of the United that the two Governments concerned proposed that Nations Command, on 22 February, addressed a "both parties to the negotiations should undertake to repatriate immediately after the cessation of hos- letter to the Chinese-North Korean Commanders, tilities all those prisoners of war in their custody who stating that the United Nations Command still insist upon repatriation and to hand over the remain- ing prisoners of war to a neutral State so as to ensure remained ready to implement, immediately, the a just solution to the question of their repatriation." repatriation of sick and wounded prisoners of war See also p. 270. 110 Yearbook of the United Nations suant to the agreement, sick and wounded pris- In reply, the United Nations Command stated oners of war were exchanged between 20 April that the period of detention proposed by the and 3 May. Chinese-North Korean Command would result Total deliveries of both sides including those in the indefinite detention of those prisoners who recently wounded, are summarized in the follow- were opposed to repatriation. On 29 April, the ing table: Chinese-North Korean Command indicated that the neutral State proposed should be an unnamed Delivery of United Nations Command Personnel Asian country. United States ............................ 149 United Kingdom ......................... 32 On 2 May, the Chinese-North Korean side Canada ................................. 2 asked whether it could be said that India, Burma, Colombia ............................... 6 Indonesia and Pakistan were not suitable as neutral Greece .................................. 11 nations. It also asked if the United Nations Com- Australia ................................ 5 mand would agree to sending to Switzerland, Turkey ................................. 15 Sweden, Poland and Czechoslovakia all the prison- South Africa ............................ 1 ers not directly repatriated. Philippines .............................. 1 Netherlands ............................. 1 The United Nations Command pointed out that Republic of Korea ...................... 471 it had suggested that the neutral State agreed upon should keep custody of the prisoners in Korea Total ............................... 684 and that it could not agree to the prisoners being Delivery of Chinese-North Korean Personnel transported to another country. North Korea ............................5,194 On 4 May, the United Nations Command China ..................................1,030 nominated Pakistan as the neutral nation to assume Civilian Internees ......................... 446 custody of the prisoners. Total .............................. 6,670 On 7 May, the Chinese-North Korean side put forward a new proposal, providing for the estab- On 17 April (S/3090), in response to the lishment of a Neutral Nations Repatriation Com- Chinese-North Korean suggestion for a resump- mission to be composed of the four States already tion of the armistice negotiations for settling the nominated for membership of the Neutral Nations entire prisoner-of-war question, the Commander- Supervisory Commission (namely, Czechoslovakia, in-Chief of the United Nations Forces proposed Poland, Sweden and Switzerland) and India, as that prisoners of war not directly repatriated agreed upon by both sides.6 This Commission, it should be released in Korea to the custody of a was proposed, was to take custody of the prisoners neutral State, such as Switzerland, and that after in Korea. allowing a reasonable time, such as 60 days, for determining the attitudes of individuals in its On 13 May the United Nations Command custody with respect to their status, the neutral presented a counter-proposal shortening the period State should make arrangements for the peaceable of time in which the non-repatriates would remain disposition of those remaining in its custody. in neutral custody, providing for the release of Korean non-repatriates immediately after the The armistice negotiations, which had been armistice, and proposing that only Indian forces in recess since 8 October 1952, were resumed take actual custody of the non-repatriates. The on 26 April 1953 when the Senior Delegate of Chinese-North Korean side rejected these pro- the Chinese-North Korean Command presented posals. a six-point proposal under which all prisoners desiring repatriation would be returned within On 25 May, the United Nations Command two months after an armistice. Within one month made a new proposal, providing for the transfer after completion of direct repatriation, the of both Korean and Chinese non-repatriates to remainder would be sent to a neutral State, where, neutral custody and for consideration of the for six months, representatives of their home coun- disposition of any remaining non-repatriates by tries would be enabled to explain to them mat- the political conference for a limited period, after ters regarding their repatriation. Prisoners request- which they might either be released to civilian ing repatriation would be afforded a speedy return. 6 In April 1952 agreement was reached on the If at the end of six months any prisoners were establishment of a Neutral Nations Supervisory Com- mission with inspection teams for supervising the unrepatriated, the question of their disposition implementation of the armistice agreement. The Com- would be submitted to the political conference mission was to consist of Sweden and Switzerland, nominated by the United Nations Command, and which, in accordance with the draft armistice Poland and Czechoslovakia, nominated by the Chinese- agreement, was to take place after the armistice. North Korean side. See Y.U.N., 1952, p. 158. KOREA Provincial boundaries as of 1945. MAP NO. 498 UNITED NATIONS DECEMBER 1953 112 Yearbook of the United Nations MAP NO. 536 UNITED NATIONS DECEMBER 1953 status or the question of their disposition referred The United Nations Command further reported to the General Assembly. that on 18 June "officials of the Republic of On 4 June, the United Nations Command stated Korea brought about a break-out from prisoner- (S/3079), the Chinese-North Korean Command of-war camps of some 27,000 Korean prisoners offered a counter-proposal in effect based on "the of war who had previously indicated that they mechanics of General Assembly resolution 610 would resist repatriation to North Korea".
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