Environmental Protection Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Mission To conduct an effective and scientifically sound water monitoring programme that helps achieve and maintain the Water Quality Objectives and protect the health of Hong Kong’s rivers and streams.

Disclaimer Whilst the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("the Government") endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the information in this report, the Government (including its officers and employees) makes no warranty, statement or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, and in so far as permitted by law, shall not have any legal liability or responsibility (including liability for negligence) for any loss, damage, injury and death which may result, whether directly or indirectly, from the supply or use of such information. Users are responsible for making their own assessments of all information contained in this publication before acting on it.

Copyright Notice The information contained in this publication can be used freely for study, research and training purposes subject to acknowledgement of the source. Use of the information for purposes other than those stated above requires prior written permission of the Director of Environmental Protection.

Acknowledgement We acknowledge the Government Laboratory for undertaking chemical analyses of the water samples.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 2

Content

1. An overview of Hong Kong’s rivers in 2011

2. Eastern rivers

3. Northwestern New Territories rivers

4. Lantau Island rivers

5. Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon rivers

Appendices

Appendix A Summary of river water quality monitoring stations and sampling A-1 frequencies in 2011

Appendix B River water quality parameters and methods used for their analysis B-1 B-2

Appendix C Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for the river monitoring C-1 stations in the Eastern New Territories Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for the river monitoring C-2 stations in the Northwestern New Territories Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for the river monitoring C-3 stations on Lantau Island Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for the river monitoring C-4 stations in the Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon

Appendix D Summary of water quality monitoring data for D-1 (Main Channel and Siu Lek Yuen Nullah) in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Shing Mun River (Fo D-2 Tan Nullah and Kwun Yam Shan Stream) in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Shing Mun River (Tai D-3 Wai Nullah and Tin Sum Nullah) in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Lam Tsuen River in D-4 2011 D-5 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Lam Tsuen River and D-6 in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tai Po Kau Stream, D-7 Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ho Chung River in D-8 2011

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 3

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Sha Kok Mei River in D-9 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tai Chung Hau Stream D-10 in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tseng Lan Shue D-11 Stream in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Indus in 2011 D-12 Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Beas in 2011 D-13 Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Ganges in 2011 D-14 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Yuen Long Creek in D-15 2011 D-16 Summary of water quality monitoring data for in 2011 D-17 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tin Shui Wai Nullah D-18 and Fairview Park Nullah in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ha Pak Nai Stream, D-19 Pak Nai Stream and Sheung Pak Nai Stream in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ngau Hom Sha Stream, D-20 Tai Shui Hang Stream and Tsang Kok Stream in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Mui Wo River in 2011 D-21 D-22 Summary of water quality monitoring data for in D-23 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tuen Mun River in D-24 2011 D-25 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Pai Min Kok Stream D-26 and Kau Wa Keng Stream in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Sam Dip Tam Stream D-27 in 2011 Summary of water quality monitoring data for Kai Tak Nullah in 2011 D-28 D-29

Appendix E Compliance with the river Water Quality Objectives in 2011 E-1

Appendix F Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Shing Mun River F-1 Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Lam Tsuen River F-2 and Tai Po River Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tai Po Kau Stream, F-3 Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Ho Chung River, F-4 Tai Chung Hau Stream and Sha Kok Mei Stream Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tseng Lan Shue F-5 Stream Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in River Indus, River F-6 Beas and River Ganges Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Yuen Long Creek, F-7 Kam Tin River, Tin Shui Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Ha Pak Nai F-8 Stream, Tai Shui Hang Stream, Pak Nai Stream, Sheung Pak Nai Stream, Ngau Hom Sha Stream and Tsang Kok Stream

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 4

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Mui Wo River F-9 Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tung Chung River F-10 Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tuen Mun River F-11 Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Pai Min Kok F-12 Stream, Sam Dip Tam Stream and Kau Wa Keng Stream Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Kai Tak Nullah F-13

Appendix G Water quality trends for Shing Mun River (Main Channel, Siu Lek G-1 Yuen Nullah and ) as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Shing Mun River (Kwun Yam Shan Stream, G-2 and Tin Sum Nullah) as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Lam Tsuen River and Tai Po River as G-3 analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream and G-4 Tung Tze Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Ho Chung River, Sha Kok Mei Stream and G-5 Tai Chung Hau Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Tseng Lan Shue Stream as analysed by the G-6 Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for River Indus, River Beas and River Ganges as G-7 analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Yuen Long Creek, Kam Tin River, Tin Shui G-8 Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Ha Pak Nai Stream, Pak Nai Stream, Sheung G-9 Pak Nai Stream, Ngau Hom Sha Stream, Tai Shui Hang Stream and Tsang Kok Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Mui Wo River as analysed by the Seasonal G-10 Kendall Test Water quality trends for Tung Chung River as analysed by the G-11 Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Tuen Mun River as analysed by the Seasonal G-12 Kendall Test Water quality trends for Pai Min Kok Stream, Sam Dip Tam Stream G-13 and Kau Wa Keng Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Water quality trends for Kai Tak Nullah as analysed by the Seasonal G-14 Kendall Test

Appendix H Summary of river water quality improvements in 18 districts H-1

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 5

1. An overview of Hong Kong’s rivers in 2011

A scenic portion of Lam Tsuen River near Tai Wo

This report summarizes the water quality of major rivers covered by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD)’s river monitoring programme in 2011. The background of the programme, the scientific basis on which it is based, the detailed procedures of sampling, testing, analyses and publication of results can be found in the anniversary edition of “20 Years of River Water Quality Monitoring in Hong Kong 1986-2005”. This report and other annual reports from 1998 and onwards can be downloaded from EPD’s web-site: http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/water/river_quality/rwq_report.html.

EPD river monitoring staff performing sampling at the Kwun Yam Shan Stream

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 6

Map of river monitoring stations and Water Quality Index gradings in 2011

SHENZHEN Water Quality Index

N Excellent Good 11 Fair 12

Bad 13 Inland watercourses Very Bad 1. Tseng Lan Shue Stream 14 10 2. Ho Chung River 9 3. Tai Chung Hau Stream 4. Sha Kok Mei Stream 17 15 8 16 5. Shing Mun River - Shing Mun Main Channel 18 - Fo Tan Nullah 19 7 - Siu Lek Yuen Nullah 20 6 - Kwun Yam Shan Stream 23 - Tai Wai Nullah 21 NEW TERRI TORIES - Tin Sum Nullah 22 4 6. Tai Po Kau Stream 24 7. Tai Po River 8. Lam Tsuen River 25 26 5 3 9. Tung Tze Stream 10. Shan Liu Stream 11. River Ganges 12. River Indus 2 13. River Beas 27 14. Fairview Park Nullah 28 15. Kam Tin River KOWLOON 1 16. Yuen Long Creek 17. Tin Shui Wai Nullah 18. Ngau Hom Sha Stream 19. Sheung Pak Nai Stream 20. Pak Nai Stream 21. Ha Pak Nai Stream 22. Tai Shui Hang Stream HONG KONG 23. Tsang Kok Stream 30 24. Tuen Mun River ISLAND 29 25. Pai Min Kok (Anglers’) LANTAU Stream ISLAND 26. Sam Dip Tam Stream 27. Kau Wa Keng Stream 28. Kai Tak Nullah

o ’ 29. Mui Wo River 22 10 N 30. Tung Chung River

The EPD has a comprehensive river water quality monitoring programme in Hong Kong since 1986. In 2011, monitoring took place at 82 stations, covering 30 rivers and streams. The monitoring involved conducting field measurements and collecting water samples for laboratory analyses of over 40 physico-chemical and biological parameters, including organics, nutrients, metals and E. coli bacteria.

To compare the year-to-year performance of compliance with the statutory Water Quality Objectives (WQOs), five representative parameters were used: pH, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. The overall compliance rate showed that the overall water quality of Hong Kong rivers in 2011 continued to perform well. The overall compliance rate in 2011 for all the stations was 88%, compared with 89% in 2010. The good compliance rates were the result of implementation of pollution control legislation, including the Water Pollution Control Ordinance and the Livestock Waste Control Scheme introduced under the Waste Disposal Ordinance, and the extension of the sewerage network to local villages under the Sewerage Master Plans and the gradual connection of the village houses to new sewers.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 7

WQO compliance in the inland waters of Hong Kong, 1986 – 2011

100

90 90 89 88 88 86 86 85 83 83 82 82 82 80 78 77 76

72 70 70 68 66

WQOCompliance 62 61 61 60 58 (By % of percentage monitoring stations)

50 49 49 47

40 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

Similarly, the Water Quality Index (WQI), which grades the general health of inland water courses by assessing the three parameters that reflect a river’s level of organic pollution: dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia-nitrogen content, continued to perform well. In 2011, 54% of the river monitoring stations were graded “Excellent” and 28% “Good”. The majority of the monitoring stations in Lantau Island, the Eastern New Territories, Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon were in these categories, indicating that the organic pollution loading of their catchments was steadily decreasing.

Similar to 2010, 9% of the monitoring stations were graded ‘Bad’ in 2011, most of which are located along watercourses in the Northwestern New Territories. In addition, one station in Kam Tin River (KT2) was graded ‘Very Bad’ in 2011.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 8

Water Quality Index gradings for the inland waters of Hong Kong, 1986 – 2011

Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

(Total number of (47) (54) (57) (68) (76) (75) (75) (86) (86) (86) (86) (82) (82) (81) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) monitoring stations)

52.4 37.2 38.5 33.8 47.4 43.6 56.1 51.2 2.7 50.0 53.8 53.7 28.4 46.1 46.1 51.3 35.0 37.7 57.7 9.5 32.4 Excellent 19.7 8.5 18.4

9.3 12.7 43.3

Good 29.7 23.0 31.2 25.5 22.4 30.8 18.4 28.2 16.7 18.2 22.1 26.9 14.3 22.1 21.8 30.8 29.3 29.5 28.0 33.0 30.8 26.9 28.1 29.5 23.1 Fair 23.0 21.3 20.4 20.6 21.1 21.1 20.3 20.8 18.9 18.2 16.9 16.7 17.9 18.2 15.4 16.7 12.8 12.2 9.0 9.0 9.8 8.5 6.4 5.1 5.1 7.3

Water Quality Water Index 6.1 6.1 9.0 10.3 10.3 7.7 8.5 8.5 Bad 14.3 14.8 13.0 13.0 12.8 11.7 11.5 11.5 14.1 14.1 12.8 19.2 17.1 18.9 18.9

(By percentage % of monitoring stations) monitoring % of percentage (By 22.2 25.4 23.7 6.4 3.8 2.6 1.2 5.1 1.3 1.3 11.7 10.4 2.5 1.3 2.6 14.3 10.8 16.2 Very Bad 25.0 21.6 25.5 13.1

31.4 27.0

Compared with 2010, a total of 7 stations showed improvement in WQI grading: River or Stream 2010 WQI grading 2011 WQI grading Kai Tak Nullah (KN2, KN3, KN4, Good Excellent KN5, KN7) Tuen Mun River (TN3, TN6) Good Excellent

On the other hand, 8 monitoring stations moved down a grade or two: River or Stream 2010 WQI grading 2011 WQI grading Pai Min Kok Stream (AN1) Mui Wo River (WM5) Excellent Good Shan Liu Stream (TR4)

Fo Tan Nullah (TR17) Tai Wai Nullah (TR19) Excellent Fair River Beas (RB2) Good Fair River Indus (IN1) Fair Bad Kam Tin River (KT2) Bad Very Bad

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 9

The grading of these 8 stations (AN1, WM5, TR4, TR17, TR19, RB2, IN1, KT2) has dropped in 2011 and the changes are within the normal range of natural and seasonal fluctuations during the past 10 years. For TR19 at Tai Wai Nullah, the biochemical oxygen demand increased from 3.6 to 11.4 mg/L, causing this station to drop two grades from “Excellent” to “Fair”. The Dissolved Oxygen level at this station increased from 9.1 mg/L in 2010 to 11.9 mg/L in 2011. However, there was no apparent increase in chlorophyll-a level and the ammonia nitrogen level remained very low and mostly undetectable.

Conducting field measurement at the Tin Shui Wai Nullah.

In terms of E. coli, 28% of our stations had ‘Low’ or ‘Moderately Low’ levels of E. coli (i.e. less than 1,000 cfu/100 mL) in 2011 while 35% of our stations recorded ‘High’ or ‘Very High’ (i.e. over 10,000 cfu/100mL) levels.1

Most of the stations with ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ levels of E. coli are located in the northwestern part of the New Territories (e.g. Yuen Long Creek, Kam Tin River, Fairview Park Nullah and Tuen Mun River); Northern District (e.g. downstream stations of River Indus, River Beas and mid River Ganges), the eastern New Territories (e.g. Fo Tan Nullah, Tai Po River, She Shan Tsuen tributary of Lam Tsuen River and Tseng Lan Shue Stream); western Kowloon (e.g. Pai Min Kok Stream, Sam Dip Tam Stream, Kau Wa Keng Stream), and central and eastern Kowloon (e.g. Kai Tak Nullah).

1 Footnote: All levels of E. coli in this report are reported as annual geometric means (cfu/100mL).

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 10

In summary, the 2011 WQO compliance rate and WQI gradings of Hong Kong’s inland water courses were largely similar to 2010’s monitoring results and showed long term improvement as a result of the gradual reduction of pollution loading in our rivers.

The observed differences in the gradings of selected stations between 2010 and 2011 could be due to the low rainfall in 2011. According to the Hong Kong Observatory, 2011 was characterized as the driest year since 1963 (with 1,467 mm total), especially during the first nine months. On the one hand, low rainfall would reduce the volume of polluted run-off being discharged into streams and hence the cleaner streams maintain good water quality. On the other hand, a decrease in rainfall would reduce the dilution of pollutants in streams, hence the more polluted streams have shown water quality deterioration.

Annual Geomean E. coli Levels for Inland Waters of Hong Kong (1988 – 2011)

Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Total number of (16) (18) (27) (27) (32) (35) (35) (37) (37) (41) (54) (81) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) (82) monitoring stations)

Low < 611 cfu/100 mL

Moderately Low 20.7 24.4 20.7 23.1 19.5 24.4 23.2 24.4 611 – 1,000 cfu/100 14.6 15.8 15.9 8.1 13.6 15.8 mL 15.6 8.6 11.1 8.5 7.3 8.1 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 5.5 3.7 3.7 3.1 5.7 2.5 3.7 4.9 4.9 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 4.9 4.9 3.6 Moderate 2.9 8.1 1,001 – 10,000 cfu/100 9.4 14.3 17.1 17.1 mL 18.5 18.9 22.0 19.5 25.0 27.8 25.9 25.9 27.2 24.4 26.8 23.2 31.7 30.5 31.7 21.9 37.8 39.0 39.0 36.6

Annual Geometric Means 17.1 29.7 14.8 High 22.9

(By percentage of monitoring stations) 10,001 – 100,000 16.7 18.5 29.7 cfu/100 mL 25.0 35.4

E.Coli 46.3 29.6 40.2 35.4 30.5 35.4 38.9 29.3 32.9 29.3 26.8 26.8 29.3 Very High 50.0 32.9 54.3 >100,001 cfu/100 mL 46.0 48.6 14.6 63.0 12.2 15.9 13.4 9.8 50.0 24.7 18.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 51.9 43.3 17.1 14.6 50.0 20.4 4.9 26.8

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 11

It should be noted that many of the above sites with high E. coli levels in the New Territories are subject to discharges from unsewered village houses, illegal discharges from livestock farms as well as expedient connections in the sewered areas. The Government’s continued efforts in extending the public sewer network to more remote villages should be able to reduce the E. coli levels at these locations in the future.

Map of river monitoring stations and levels of E. coli in 2011 (Annual geomeans)

E. coli level (cfu/100mL) SHENZHEN

Very high (>100,001) N High (10,001 - 100,000) Moderate (1,001 - 10,000) 11 Moderately low (611 - 1,000) 12 Inland watercourses Low (≤610) 13 1. Tseng Lan Shue Stream 2. Ho Chung River 14 10 3. Tai Chung Hau Stream 4. Sha Kok Mei Stream 9 5. Shing Mun River 17 15 8 - Shing Mun Main Channel 16 - Fo Tan Nullah 18 - Siu Lek Yuen Nullah - Kwun Yam Shan Stream 19 7 20 6 - Tai Wai Nullah - Tin Sum Nullah 23 21 NEW TERRI TORIES 6. Tai Po Kau Stream 7. Tai Po River 22 4 24 8. Lam Tsuen River 9. Tung Tze Stream 25 26 5 3 10. Shan Liu Stream 11. River Ganges 12. River Indus 13. River Beas 14. Fairview Park Nullah 2 27 15. Kam Tin River 16. Yuen Long Creek 28 KOWLOON 17. Tin Shui Wai Nullah 1 18. Ngau Hom Sha Stream 19. Sheung Pak Nai Stream 20. Pak Nai Stream 21. Ha Pak Nai Stream 22. Tai Shui Hang Stream 23. Tsang Kok Stream 24. Tuen Mun River HONG KONG 25. Pai Min Kok (Anglers’) Stream 30 ISLAND 26. Sam Dip Tam Stream 29 27. Kau Wa Keng Stream LANTAU 28. Kai Tak Nullah ISLAND 29. Mui Wo River 30. Tung Chung River

22o10’ N

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 12

2. Eastern New Territories rivers

The EPD monitored ten rivers and streams in the Eastern New Territories in 2011. Six are located in the Tolo Harbour and Channel Water Control Zone (WCZ): Shing Mun River, Lam Tsuen River, Tai Po River, Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream. Within the Port Shelter WCZ, there are Ho Chung River, Sha Kok Mei Stream and Tai Chung Hau Stream. Tseng Lan Shue Stream is located within the Junk Bay WCZ.

The Eastern New Territories had the best river and stream water quality in the territory. In 2011, the overall WQO compliance rate was 95%, similar to 97% of 20102. Within the region, four rivers achieved full compliance (100%) with the WQOs in 2011. These include Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream, Sha Kok Mei Stream in the Tolo Harbour WCZ and Tai Chung Hau Stream in the Port Shelter WCZ.

Compliance with the Water Quality Objectives in the rivers of the Eastern New Territories

in 1997 and in 2011

Compliance in 1997 (%) Compliance in 2011 (%)

78 Shing Mun River 90

90 Lam Tsuen River 96

87 Tai Po River 78

100 Tai Po Kau Stream 100

98 Shan Liu Stream 100

80 Tung Tze Stream 95

91 Ho Chung River 99

98 Sha Kok Mei Stream 100

100 Tai Chung Hau Stream 100

79 Tseng Lan Shue Stream 87

2 In this report, the data from 2010 is chosen for short term comparison to illustrate year-to-year fluctuation and data from 1997 is chosen as the baseline for medium term (15 years) comparison.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 13

Although Shing Mun River and Tung Tze Stream in the Tolo Harbour and Channel WCZ have not yet reached 100% WQO compliance in 2011, they showed marked improvement during the last decade. The compliance rate of the former rose from 78% in 1997 to 90% in 2011 while the latter rose from 80% to 95% within the same period. Lam Tsuen River’s compliance rate increased from 90% in 1997 to 96% in 2011 while Tai Po River recorded 78% in 2011.

All three rivers in the Port Shelter Water Control Zone achieved 99% to 100% compliance in 2011. Ho Chung River showed improvement from a 91% compliance rate in 1997 to 99% in 2011. The relatively unpolluted Tai Chung Hau Stream and Sha Kok Mei Stream maintained their high compliance rates of 98% to 100% since 1997.

The compliance rate for Tseng Lan Shue Stream, which flows into Junk Bay, improved from 79% in 1997 to 87% in 2011.

Downstream section of Ho Chung River was graded ‘Good’ in terms of water quality in 2011.

As for the WQI grading, 30 out of 32 (94%) of the river monitoring stations in the Eastern New Territories were graded ‘Good’ or ‘Excellent’ in 2011; as compared with 97% in 2010. The remaining stations of Tai Wai Nullah (TR19) and Tseng Lan Shue Stream at Tseng Lan Shue Tsuen (JR3) were in the ‘Fair’ category. The overall improvement was due to the

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 14

continued enforcement of the pollution control legislation, the implementation of Sewerage Master Plans and extended village sewerage in the catchments.

Water Quality Index gradings for rivers in the Eastern New Territories, 1997 and 2011 1997 2011 (Overall WQO compliance rate: 86%) (Overall WQO compliance rate: 95%)

Fair Fair 16% Good 6% 28%

Good 28% Excellent 56% Excellent 66%

In terms of E. coli, 13 out of the 32 stations in 2011 had E. coli levels of less than 1,000 cfu/100mL. There were, however, 7 stations namely the upstream stations of Tseng Lan Shue Stream (JR3, JR6), the downstream station of Tai Chung Hau Stream (PR7), the downstream station of Tai Wai Nullah (TR19), Tai Po River (TR13), and two of Lam Tsuen River’s stations (TR12I and TR12C) still having fairly high levels of E. coli of 10,001 – 100,000 cfu/100mL. Most of these stations were still receiving discharges from unsewered villages. When the public sewer network is extended to unsewered areas in this part of the New Territories, the water quality of the rivers and streams is expected to improve further.

3. Northwestern New Territories rivers In the Northwestern New Territories, the EPD monitors a total of thirteen rivers and streams which flow into the Shenzhen River or directly into Deep Bay (Shenzhen Bay). Three of these—the Rivers Indus, Beas and Ganges—are major water courses situated in North District. Yuen Long Creek, Kam Tin River, Tin Shui Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah are situated in Yuen Long District, while the six smaller streams are located around the Lau Fau Shan area.

All the rivers in the Northwestern New Territories showed improvement in the WQO compliance rates in the last decade, particularly the Rivers Beas, Indus and Ganges in North District.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 15

In terms of WQO compliance, the upstream station of River Beas (RB1) reached 88% in 2011, as compared with 90% in 2010. The compliance rates of the midstream station (RB2) and downstream station (RB3) were 80% and 70% in 2011 as compared with 88% and 78% in 2010 respectively. For River Ganges, the compliance rate of the upstream station (GR3) increased from 70% in 2010 to 93% in 2011. The compliance rates of the midstream station (GR2) and the downstream station (GR1) were 80 and 67% in 2011, as compared with 67% and 67% in 2010 respectively. Both rivers are still affected by pollution from livestock farms, unsewered villages and small industrial establishments in the catchment. The upstream station (IN3) and midstream station (IN2) of River Indus reached 75% and 85% compliance in WQO respectively, as compared with 2010’s 95% and 92%. The downstream station (IN1) which is subject to backflow from Shenzhen River recorded 42% compliance with the WQO, as compared with 60% in 2010.

Compliance with the Water Quality Objectives in the major rivers of North District and

Yuen Long in 1997 and 2011

Compliance in 1997 (%) Compliance in 2011 (%)

46 River Indus 67 38 River Beas 79 41 River Ganges 80 33 Yuen Long Creek 47 27 Kam Tin River 44 69 Tin Shui Wai Nullah 78 32 Fairview Park Nullah 50

The compliance rates of stations KT1 and KT2 in Kam Tin River were 62% and 27% in 2011, as compared with 67% and 28% respectively in 2010. This river is still impacted by discharges from livestock farms, unsewered premises and small industrial establishments.

Yuen Long Creek’s overall compliance rate in 2011 was 47%, same as in 2010. The compliance rates for the two upstream stations (YL1 and YL2) were both 63% in 2011 as compared with 60% and 65% respectively in 2010. The compliance rates for the stations in

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 16

the middle of Yuen Long township (YL3 and YL4) were 35% and 28% in 2011 as compared with 30% and 27% in 2010 respectively. This river was still subject to discharges from livestock farms, unsewered village houses and industrial establishments.

The upstream station of Tin Shui Wai Nullah (TSR2) located near Wo Ping San Tsuen and Tan Kwai Tsuen reached a 95% WQO compliance rate in 2011, as compared with 100% in 2010. The downstream station (TSR1) was 62% in compliance in 2011 as compared with 2010’s 67%. The Fairview Park Nullah station (FVR1) achieved 50% WQO compliance in 2011 as compared with 55% in 2010.

2011 was a record dry year; the mid stream stretch of Kam Tin River was almost dry in June 2011.

In 2011, the two upstream stations of River Ganges and River Indus obtained the same WQI grading as in 2010: ‘Excellent’ for upstream (GR3 and IN3); ‘Good’ for midstream (GR2 and IN2). The downstream station of River Ganges (GR1) was ‘Fair’ and River Indus’s (IN1) was ‘Bad’. The upstream station of River Beas (RB1) achieved ‘Good’ WQI grading similar to 2010 while the mid-stream station (RB2) recorded ‘Fair’, as compared with the ‘Good’ grading in 2010. The downstream station (RB3) which flows into River Indus achieved a ‘Fair’ grading similar to 2010.

In 2011, station KT1 in Kam Tin River received WQI grading of ‘Bad’ similar to 2010.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 17

Station KT2 recorded a ‘Ver y Bad’ grading in 2011, as compared with ‘Bad’ in 2010. Yuen Long Creek on the other hand maintained its WQI grading for all 4 stations when compared to 2010: ‘Bad’ and ‘Fair’ for YL1 and YL2; ‘Bad’ for both YL3 and YL4. The two stations at Tin Sui Wai Nullah (TSR1 and TSR2) also maintained a similar grading as 2010: ‘Fair’ and ‘Good’ respectively. Fairview Park Nullah (FVR1) was graded as ‘Bad’ in both 2011 and 2010.

The water quality of the smaller streams around Lau Fau Shan area remained good in 2011, with four of the six streams achieving 100% WQO compliance. The remaining Sheung Pak Nai Stream and Ngau Hom Sha Stream achieved 95% and 98% WQO compliance respectively. Similarly, five of the six streams reached ‘Excellent’ WQI grading, similar to 2010. The remaining one (Ngau Hom Sha Stream) recorded a ‘Good’ WQI grading, same as in 2010. For the other larger water courses in the Northwestern New Territories, the overall WQO compliance rates in 2011 ranged from 44% to 80%, as compared with 47% to 86% in 2010.

The water quality of upstream and midstream stations of the rivers in Northwestern New Territories were mostly better as compared with the downstream stations, probably because pollutants discharged into the water courses tended to accumulate downstream.

Sampling at mid-stream of River Ganges in June 2011.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 18

The annual geometric mean levels of E. coli in 2011 showed that most of the stations in Northwestern New Territories still contain moderate to high levels of E. coli. Most of the Lau Fau Shan streams had levels of E. coli below 1,400 cfu/100mL except Sheung Pak Nai Stream (DB5: 35,000 cfu/100mL).

The midstream station at River Ganges (GR2) had a higher level of E. coli (12,000 cfu/100mL) as compared with downstream (GR3) (1,100 cfu/100mL) and upstream (GR1) (8,900 cfu/100mL) in 2011. At the same time, the midstream station at River Beas (RB2) had a lower level of E. coli (1,800 cfu/100mL) as compared with downstream (RB3) (15,000 cfu/100mL) and upstream (RB1) (9,300 cfu/100mL). Both cases suggest that the water quality was affected by local pollution sources at or near the upstream, midstream or downstream locations, including discharge from unsewered villages, livestock farms and expedient connections. On the other hand, the E. coli level of the downstream River Indus station (IN1) (180,000 cfu/100mL) was much higher as compared with the upstream (IN3: 870 cfu/100mL) and midstream (IN2: 4,100 cfu/100mL) stations, indicating that the water quality was affected by the back flushing effect of Shenzhen River which was more polluted.

Looking downstream from the sampling point at Fairview Park Nullah.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 19

The E. coli levels at Kam Tin River and Fairview Park Nullah remained high in 2011 with the Fairview Park Nullah Station recording an E. coli level of 18,000 cfu/100mL and the two Kam Tin River’s stations, KT1 and KT2, recording 73,000 and 320,000 cfu/100mL respectively. The upstream stations of Yuen Long Creek, YL1 and YL2, had E. coli levels of 160,000 and 41,000 cfu/100mL and the two mid-streams stations, YL3 and YL4, had E. coli levels of 490,000 and 1,300,000 cfu/100mL respectively. Tin Shui Wai Nullah’s upstream and mid-stream station, TSR2 and TSR1, registered 17,000 and 21,000 cfu/100mL E. coli levels.

In summary, the E. coli levels in the major rivers in the Northwestern New Territories were still high largely because of discharge from livestock farms, expedient connections and unsewered villages in the area. The implementation of the Schemes for the Voluntary Surrender of Poultry and Pig Farm Licence has already brought about a reduction of livestock waste loading. The North District Sewerage Master Plan and Yuen Long and Kam Tin Sewerage Master Plan have included plans to provide public sewers to most of the unsewered villages, and the river water quality in the Northwestern New Territories is expected to gradually improve when these schemes are implemented.

4. Lantau Island rivers

Lantau Island is large and less populated. Two major rivers with a total of eight monitoring stations are monitored by the EPD: five along Mui Wo River on the south-eastern side and three at Tung Chung River on the north-western side of the island.

Overall, Mui Wo River and Tung Chung River generally displayed satisfactory water quality. In 2011, the WQO compliance rate of Mui Wo River reached 100%, as compared with 99% the year before, while Tung Chung River reached 97%, similar to 2010.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 20

A scenic waterfall of Mui Wo River with extremely clear water.

As for WQI gradings, all monitoring stations maintained an ‘Excellent’ grade in 2011 except for Tung Chung River downstream (TC3) and Mui Wo River downstream (WM5) which were ‘Good’, similar to 2010. The E. coli levels of the five monitoring stations at the Mui Wo River in 2011 were: 610 cfu/100mL at MW1; 1,900 cfu/100mL at MW2; 65 cfu/100mL at MW3; 260 cfu/100mL at MW4 and 4,600 cfu/100mL at MW5. For Tung Chung River, the E. coli level at TC1 was 43 cfu/100mL; TC2 was 65 cfu/100mL. On the other hand, TC3 near Fui Yiu Ha recorded a high level of E. coli of 18,000 cfu/100mL, suggesting that this station might be affected by discharges or seepage from septic tanks and soakaway systems in the nearby unsewered village houses.

Compliance with the Water Quality Objectives in the rivers of Lantau Island in 1997 and

2011

Compliance in 1997 (%) Compliance in 2011 (%)

Mui Wo River 96 100

Tung Chung River 100 97

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 21

5. Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon rivers

The Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon area runs from Black Point west of Tuen Mun through to the eastern end of . The five watercourses being monitored are Tuen Mun River in Tuen Mun, Pai Min Kok Stream and Sam Dip Tam Stream near Tsuen Wan, Kau Wa Keng Stream in Kwai Chung and the Kai Tak Nullah located in Kowloon. There was substantial improvement in the water quality of these urban watercourses in the last decade.

In 2011, 17 of the 18 stations were graded ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’, as compared with 10 of them graded as ‘Good’ and no ‘Excellent’ station in 1997. The stations with ‘Bad’ water quality grading also decreased from 9 to 1 (TN1 at Tuen Mun River) during the same period. Similarly, the overall WQO compliance rate of the rivers and streams in the area has risen from 75% in 1997 to 95% in 2011.

WQI gradings for rivers in the Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon, 1997 and 2011 1997 2011 (Overall WQO compliance rate: 75%) (Overall WQO compliance rate: 95%)

Bad Bad 17% 5% Good 39% Excellent Good 56% Fair 55% 28%

Tuen Mun River showed significant improvement in the last decade. Its WQO compliance rate rose steadily from 62% in 1997 to 93% in 2011, similar to 2010’s 93%. All but the upstream station (TN1) were graded ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ in 2011, as compared with the ‘Good’ grading in 2010. This improvement was attributed to pollution control efforts as well as implementation of the mitigation measures recommended under the Tuen Mun Sewerage Master Plan. However, the upstream station of (TN1) was still ‘Bad’ and impacted by unsewered villages with an E. coli annual geometric mean level of 81,000 cfu/100mL in 2011. The E. coli levels of the remaining stations, namely TN2-TN4-TN5- TN3-TN6, are: 22,000, 3,300, 6,200, 4,200 and 1,500 cfu/100mL respectively.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 22

All three stations of Sam Dip Tam Stream were graded ‘Excellent’ in 2011.

Pai Min Kok Stream, still impacted by a few unsewered village houses, achieved an overall WQO compliance rate of 93%, as compared with the 96% of 2010. Both the upstream station (AN2) and the downstream station (AN1) were graded ‘Good’, as compared with 2010’s ‘Good’ and ‘Excellent’ respectively. The E. coli level of AN1 and AN2 was, however, relatively high at 3,000 and 20,000 cfu/100mL respectively.

Compliance with the Water Quality Objectives in the rivers of the Southwestern New

Territories in 1997 and 2011

Compliance in 1997 (%) Compliance in 2011 (%)

62 Tuen Mun River 93

94 Pai Min Kok Stream 93

86 Sam Dip Tam Stream 100

78 Kau Wa Keng Stream 93

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 23

All three monitoring stations (from upstream to downstream: TW1, TW2 and TW3) of Tsuen Wan’s Sam Dip Tam Stream achieved 100% compliance with the WQO, as compared with 97%, 98%, 98% respectively in 2010. All three stations achieved an ‘Excellent’ WQI grading in 2011, similar to 2010.

The monitoring station at Kwai Chung’s Kau Wa Keng Stream reached a WQO compliance rate of 93% in 2011, as compared with 97% in 2010. Its WQI grading remained ‘Good’, similar to 2010.

Five out of the six stations of the Kai Tak Nullah were graded ‘Excellent’ in 2011, with the remaining one (KN1) graded ‘Good’, as compared with the ‘Good’ grading for all stations in 2010. The E. coli levels from upstream to downstream (KN7, KN5, KN4, KN3, KN2, KN1) were 7,500, 9,600, 9,800, 19,000, 20,000, 91,000 cfu/100mL respectively. Other than the most downstream station KN1, the remaining stations showed a reduction of E. coli level from 2010 to 2011.

Since mid 2010, the Drainage Services Department started to commission the disinfection facilities at the Sha Tin and Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works; and the treated effluent are now disinfected before discharge to the Kai Tak Nullah

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 24

Appendices

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 25 Appendix A

Summary of river water quality monitoring stations and sampling frequencies in 2011

No. of Monitoring Area Watercourse Monitoring Station Stations (Sampling frequency) Eastern New Territories Shing Mun River Shing Mun Main Channel TR19I 1 (monthly) Siu Lek Yuen Nullah TR23A, TR23L 2 (monthly) Sha Tin Fo Tan Nullah TR17, TR17L 2 (monthly) Kwun Yam Shan Stream KY1 1 (monthly) Tai Wai Nullah TR19, TR19A, TR19C 3 (monthly) Tin Sum Nullah TR20B 1 (monthly) TR12, TR12B, TR12C, Tai Po Town Lam Tsuen River TR12D, TR12E, TR12F, 9 (monthly) Centre TR12G, TR12H, TR12I Tai Po River TR13 1 (monthly) Tai Po Kau Stream TR14 1 (monthly) Tai Po Rural Shan Liu Stream TR4 1 (monthly) Area Tung Tze Stream TR6 1 (monthly) Ho Chung River PR1, PR2 2 (monthly) Sai Kung Sha Kok Mei Stream PR5, PR6 2 (monthly) Tai Chung Hau Stream PR7, PR8 2 (monthly) Tseung Kwan O Tseng Lan Shue Stream JR3, JR6, JR11 3 (monthly) Northwestern New Territories River Indus (Ng Tung River) IN1, IN2, IN3 3 (monthly) North District River Beas () RB1, RB2, RB3 3 (monthly) River Ganges (Ping Yuen River) GR1, GR2, GR3 3 (monthly) Yuen Long Creek YL1, YL2, YL3, YL4 4 (monthly) Kam Tin River KT1, KT2 2 (monthly) Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Nullah TSR1, TSR2 2 (monthly) Fairview Park Nullah FVR1 1 (monthly) Ha Pak Nai Stream DB1 1 (monthly) Tai Shui Hang Stream DB2 1 (monthly) Pak Nai Stream DB3 1 (monthly) Lau Fau Shan Sheung Pak Nai Stream DB5 1 (monthly) Ngau Hom Sha Stream DB6 1 (monthly) Tseng Kok Stream DB8 1 (monthly) Lantau Island Mui Wo Mui Wo River MW1, MW2, MW3, MW4, MW5 5 (monthly) Tung Chung Tung Chung River TC1, TC2, TC3 3 (monthly) Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon Tuen Mun Tuen Mun River TN1, TN2, TN3, TN4, TN5, TN6 6 (monthly) Pai Min Kok (Anglers’) Stream AN1, AN2 2 (monthly) Tsuen Wan and Sam Dip Tam Stream TW1, TW2, TW3 3 (monthly) Kwai Chung Kau Wa Keng Stream KW3 1 (monthly) KN1, KN2, KN3, KN4, KN5, 6 (monthly) Kowloon Kai Tak Nullah KN7 Total 30 - 82

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 A - 1 Appendix B

River water quality parameters and the methods of analysis (part 1 of 2)

Water Quality Reporting Limit Analytical Method1 / Analyst Parameter and Unit Physical Chemical Properties Water temperature 0.1 °C Dissolved Oxygen 0.1 mg/L, 1% Multi-parameter water quality data logger, model YSI-6820 / On-site pH 0.1 measurement / EPD Conductivity 1 S/cm Turbidity 0.1 NTU Electromagnetic flow meter, model Flo-mate 2000 / On-site Flow 1 L/s measurement / EPD Solid Contents In-house method GL-PH-23, based on APHA2 20ed 2540 D / Suspended Solids 0.5 mg/L Government Laboratory In-house method GL-PH-19, based on APHA 20ed 2540 B / Total Solids 0.5 mg/L Government Laboratory In-house method GL-PH-19, based on APHA 20ed 2540 E / Total Volatile Solids 0.5 mg/L Government Laboratory Aggregate Organics 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand 1 mg/L In-house method based on APHA 18ed 5210 B / EPD

(BOD5) Chemical Oxygen In-house method GL-OR-38 & GL-OR-39, based on ASTM3 D1252-00 2 mg/L Demand (COD) A & B (CODCr ) / Government Laboratory Total Organic Carbon In-house method GL-OR-32, based on APHA 20ed 5310 B / 1 mg/L (TOC) Government Laboratory Faecal Bacteria E. coli 1 cfu /100 mL In-house method4, membrane filtration with CHROMagar Liquid ECC Faecal Coliforms 1 cfu / 100 mL medium / EPD Nutrients In-house method GL-IN-15, based on ASTM D3590-89 B (FIA) / Ammonia-Nitrogen 0.005 mg/L Government Laboratory In-house method GL-IN-18, based on APHA 20ed 4500-NO - B (FIA) / Nitrite-Nitrogen 0.002 mg/L 2 Government Laboratory In-house method GL-IN-18, based on APHA 20ed 4500-NO - F & I Nitrate-Nitrogen 0.002 mg/L 3 (FIA) / Government Laboratory In-house method GL-IN-14 & GL-IN-15, based on ASTM D3590-89 B Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 0.05 mg/L (FIA) & APHA 20ed 4500-N A&D (FIA) / Government Laboratory Ortho-phosphate In-house method GL-IN-16, based on ASTM D515-88 A (FIA) / 0.002 mg/L Phosphorus Government Laboratory In-house method GL-IN-14 & GL-IN-16, based on ASTM D515-88 B Total Phosphorus 0.02 mg/L (FIA) & APHA 20ed 4500-P G (FIA) / Government Laboratory Molybdate-Reactive In-house method GL-IN-17, based on APHA 20ed 4500-SiO2 C&E 0.05 mg/L Silica (FIA) / Government Laboratory Reference notes: 1. Mention of brand names of commercial products does not constitute or imply endorsement or recommendation by the Environmental Protection Department. 2. APHA - American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 3. ASTM - Annual Book of American Society for the Testing and Materials Standards, Vol. 11.01 & 11.02. 4. i) Ho, B.S.W. and Tam, T.Y. (1997). Enumeration of E. coli in environmental waters and wastewater using a chromogenic medium. Wat. Sci. Tech., 35, 409-413. ii) DoE and DHSS (1983). “The bacteriological examination of drinking water supplies 1982. Report on Public Health and Medical Subjects No. 71. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials”. Department of Environment, Department of Health and Social Security, Public Health Laboratory Service, H.M.S.O. London.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 B - 1

Appendix B

River water quality parameters and the methods of analysis (part 2 of 2)

Water Quality Reporting Limit Analytical Method1 / Analyst Parameter and Unit Metals Aluminium 50 g/L Antimony 1 g/L Arsenic 1 g/L Barium 1 g/L Beryllium 1 g/L Boron 50 g/L Cadmium 0.1 g/L Chromium 1 g/L Copper 1 g/L In-house method GL-TE-63, based on USEPA Method 6020A Iron 50 g/L (ICP-MS) / Government Laboratory Lead 1 g/L Manganese 10 g/L Mercury 1 g/L Molybdenum 2 g/L Nickel 1 g/L Silver 1 g/L Thallium 1 g/L Vanadium 2 g/L Zinc 10 g/L Industrial and Commercial Pollutants In-house method GL-IN-42, based on ASTM D4374-00 (FIA, Cyanide 0.01 mg/L amperometric) / Government Laboratory In-house method GL-IN-47, based on APHA 20ed 4500-F- C & G (Ion Fluoride 0.2 mg/L Selective Electrode) and ASTM D1179-99 B (FIA) / Government Laboratory In-house method GL-OR-30, based on BS 6068, Section 2.23 (1994) Anionic Surfactants (Colorimetric) & In-house method GL-OR-65, based on Abbott, D.C. 0.05 mg/L (as Manoxol OT) “Analyst”, Vol.87, p.286(1962) & S. Motomizu et al., “Analyst” Vol.113, p.747(1988) (FIA) / Government Laboratory In-house method GL-OR-26, based on APHA 20ed 5520 C (IR) / Oil and Grease 0.5 mg/L Government Laboratory Sulphide Contents Free Hydrogen Sulphide 0.01 mg/L In-house method GL-IN-46, based on APHA 20ed 4500S2- D Sulphide 0.02 mg/L (Colorimetric) / Government Laboratory Plant Pigments Chlorophyll-a 0.2 g/L In house method GL-OR-34, based on APHA 20ed 10200H 2 Pheo-Pigment 0.2 g/L (spectrophotometric) / Government Laboratory Reference notes: 1. Mention of brand names of commercial products does not constitute or imply endorsement or recommendation by the Environmental Protection Department. 2. APHA - American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 3. ASTM - Annual Book of American Society for the Testing and Materials Standards, Vol. 11.01 & 11.02.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 B - 2

Appendix C

Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for river monitoring stations in the Eastern New Territories

Key Water Quality Objective Maximum Maximum Maximum 5-Day Annual Minimum Monitoring Chemical Watercourse Biochemical Median Dissolved station pH range Oxygen Oxygen Suspended Oxygen Demand Demand Solids (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Tolo Harbour and Channel Water Control Zone KY1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR17 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 TR17L 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 TR19 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 TR19A 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 Shing Mun River TR19C 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 TR19I 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TR20B 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 TR23A 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR23L 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12B 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12C 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12D 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 Lam Tsuen River TR12E 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12F 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12G 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12H 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TR12I 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tai Po River TR13 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 Tai Po Kau Stream TR14 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Shan Liu Stream TR4 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tung Tze Stream TR6 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Port Shelter Water Control Zone PR1 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 25 4 Ho Chung River PR2 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 25 4 PR5 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Sha Kok Mei Stream PR6 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 PR7 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tai Chung Hau Stream PR8 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Junk Bay Water Control Zone JR3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tseng Lan Shue Stream JR6 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 JR11 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4

* The WQO compliance for suspended solids is based on annual median value, while WQO compliance for other parameters is based on individual measurements.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 C - 1

Appendix C

Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for river monitoring stations in the Northwestern New Territories

Key Water Quality Objective Maximum Maximum Maximum 5-Day Annual Minimum Monitoring Chemical Watercourse Biochemical Median Dissolved station pH range Oxygen Oxgyen Suspended Oxygen Demand Demand Solids (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Deep Bay Water Control Zone IN1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 River Indus IN2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 IN3 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 RB1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 River Beas RB2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 RB3 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 GR1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 River Ganges GR2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 GR3 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 YL1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 YL2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 Yuen Long Creek YL3 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 YL4 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 KT1 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 Kam Tin River KT2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TSR1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Tin Shui Wai Nullah TSR2 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Fairview Park Nullah FVR1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Ha Pak Nai Stream DB1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Tai Shui Hang Stream DB2 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Pak Nai Stream DB3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Sheung Pak Nai Stream DB5 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Ngau Hom Sha Stream DB6 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4 Tsang Kok Stream DB8 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 20 4

* The WQO compliance for suspended solids is based on annual median value, while WQO compliance for other parameters is based on individual measurements.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 C - 2

Appendix C

Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for river monitoring stations on Lantau Island

Key Water Quality Objective Maximum Maximum Maximum 5-Day Annual Minimum Monitoring Chemical Watercourse Biochemical Median Dissolved station pH range Oxygen Oxgyen Suspended Oxygen Demand Demand Solids (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Southern Water Control Zone MW1 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 MW3 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 Mui Wo River MW4 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 MW2 6.5 - 8.5 5 30 20 4 MW5 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 North Western Water Control Zone TC1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tung Chung River TC2 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TC3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4

* The WQO compliance for suspended solids is based on annual median value, while WQO compliance for other parameters is based on individual measurements.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 C - 3

Appendix C

Key Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) for river monitoring stations in the Southwestern New Territories and Kowloon

Key Water Quality Objective Maximum Maximum Maximum 5-Day Annual Minimum Monitoring Chemical Watercourse Biochemical Median Dissolved station pH range Oxygen Oxgyen Suspended Oxygen Demand Demand Solids (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) North Western Water Control Zone TN1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TN2 6.5 - 8.5 3 15 20 4 TN3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Tuen Mun River TN4 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TN5 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TN6 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Western Buffer Water Control Zone Pai Min Kok (Anglers') AN1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Stream AN2 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Victoria Harbour Water Control Zone TW1 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Sam Dip Tam Stream TW2 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 TW3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 Kau Wa Keng Stream KW3 6.0 - 9.0 5 30 25 4 KN1 KN2 KN3 Kai Tak Nullah Not applicable KN4 KN5 KN7

* The WQO compliance for suspended solids is based on annual median value, while WQO compliance for other parameters is based on individual measurements.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 C - 4

Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Shing Mun River (Main Channel and Siu Lek Yuen Nullah) in 2011 Shing Mun Main Channel Siu Lek Yuen Nullah Parameter Unit TR19I TR23L TR23A 7.5 8.2 5.5 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (4.8 - 9.5) (7.5 - 9.7) (4.3 - 9.3) 7.8 8.6 7.7 pH (7.6 - 8.3) (8.2 - 9.0) (7.5 - 8.2) 3 2 2 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 8) (<1 - 23) (<1 - 4) 5-day Biochemical 4 1 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 5) (<1 - 20) (<1 - 3) Chemical Oxygen 11 4 8 mg/L Demand (4 - 26) (<2 - 34) (4 - 27) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.4) (<0.5 - 0.9) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 2,700 36,000 7,100 Faecal coliforms 100mL (660 - 8,300) (6,400 - 2,000,000) (200 - 110,000) cfu/ 160 1,800 770 E. coli 100mL (30 - 520) (150 - 27,000) (40 - 16,000) 0.13 0.02 0.19 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.06 - 0.36) (0.01 - 0.05) (0.13 - 0.70) 0.13 0.24 0.28 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.02 - 0.40) (0.10 - 0.97) (0.11 - 0.55) Total Kjeldahl 0.36 0.16 0.38 mg/L Nitrogen (0.33 - 0.67) (0.06 - 0.83) (0.28 - 0.85) 0.01 0.01 0.03 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.04) (<0.01 - 0.16) (0.01 - 0.06) 0.05 0.03 0.06 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.03 - 0.06) (<0.02 - 0.17) (0.03 - 0.10) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 55 <50 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 70) (<50 - 260) (<50 - 100) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - 0.1) 2 <1 1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) 3 2 3 Copper µg/L (2 - 6) (<1 - 14) (1 - 8) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 6) (<1 - 3) 10 20 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 30) (<10 - 100) (10 - 30) 17 Flow L/s NM NM (6 - 90) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 1 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Shing Mun River (Fo Tan Nullah and Kwun Yam Shan Stream) in 2011 Fo Tan Nullah Kwun Yam Shan Stream Parameter Unit TR17 TR17L KY1 8.7 6.6 8.5 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.9 - 11.4) (4.4 - 8.2) (7.6 - 10.5) 8.9 7.6 8.4 pH (7.9 - 9.4) (7.3 - 8.1) (7.8 - 8.7) 2 3 3 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 21) (<1 - 9) (1 - 15) 5-day Biochemical 4 3 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 43) (1 - 7) (<1 - <1) Chemical Oxygen 9 10 3 mg/L Demand (3 - 36) (6 - 23) (<2 - 5) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 2.7) (<0.5 - 0.9) (<0.5 - 1.0) cfu/ 38,000 28,000 1,200 Faecal coliforms 100mL (1,800 - 810,000) (1,200 - 610,000) (260 - 11,000) cfu/ 6,800 1,200 300 E. coli 100mL (<100 - 80,000) (80 - 5,600) (38 - 3,600) 0.19 0.26 0.02 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.77) (0.09 - 0.56) (0.01 - 0.04) 0.58 0.25 0.38 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.31 - 1.20) (0.15 - 0.43) (0.11 - 0.78) Total Kjeldahl 0.66 0.57 0.09 mg/L nitrogen (0.16 - 3.40) (0.29 - 0.68) (<0.05 - 0.25) 0.03 0.02 0.10 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.09) (<0.01 - 0.06) (0.06 - 0.13) 0.07 0.06 0.11 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.04 - 0.14) (0.04 - 0.10) (0.06 - 0.15) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.04) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 75 55 75 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 290) (<50 - 180) (<50 - 200) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) (<1 - <1) 4 3 1 Copper µg/L (2 - 22) (1 - 6) (<1 - 3) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 8) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 1) 30 20 10 Zinc µg/L (20 - 210) (<10 - 30) (<10 - 20) 70 8 Flow L/s NM (16 - 178) (<1 - 19) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 2 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Shing Mun River (Tai Wai Nullah and Tin Sum Nullah) in 2011 Tai Wai Nullah Tin Sum Nullah Parameter Unit TR19A TR19C TR19 TR20B 9.1 11.7 11.9 8.3 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (8.1 - 11.1) (9.2 - 14.3) (7.5 - 16.4) (7.7 - 10.0) 8.0 8.6 8.8 7.9 pH (7.1 - 8.8) (7.6 - 9.2) (7.6 - 9.3) (4.5 - 8.2) 4 7 6 <1 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 110) (2 - 140) (2 - 78) (<1 - 30) 5-day Biochemical <1 3 9 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 6) (2 - 9) (2 - 28) (<1 - 5) Chemical Oxygen 11 10 17 4 mg/L Demand (5 - 15) (6 - 27) (6 - 46) (3 - 10) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.9) (<0.5 - 1.3) (<0.5 - 1.1) (<0.5 - 1.6) cfu/ 170 60,000 83,000 1 Faecal coliforms 100mL (<1 - 30,000) (7,900 - 640,000) (12,000 - 430,000) (<1 - 6) cfu/ 72 4,200 23,000 <1 E. coli 100mL (<1 - 17,000) (700 - 90,000) (4,900 - 160,000) (<1 - <1) 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.04 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.04 - 0.32) (0.02 - 0.16) (0.02 - 0.59) (0.01 - 0.08) 0.63 0.57 0.67 1.60 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.19 - 1.60) (0.26 - 1.40) (0.27 - 1.30) (0.79 - 2.00) Total Kjeldahl 0.31 0.42 0.60 0.17 mg/L nitrogen (0.22 - 0.67) (0.19 - 2.80) (0.38 - 3.70) (0.07 - 0.38) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.01 - 0.04) (<0.01 - 0.05) (<0.01 - 0.06) (<0.01 - 0.02) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.03 - 0.08) (0.02 - 0.44) (0.03 - 0.43) (<0.02 - 0.04) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.19) (<0.02 - <0.02) 110 165 105 110 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 860) (60 - 1,100) (60 - 1,100) (50 - 14,000) 0.3 0.2 0.2 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (0.1 - 0.6) (<0.1 - 0.7) (0.1 - 0.5) (<0.1 - 0.2) <1 <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 5) (<1 - 3) (<1 - 13) 2 4 4 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 7) (3 - 20) (3 - 24) (2 - 5) <1 <1 1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 8) (<1 - 21) (<1 - 14) (<1 - 2) 30 20 30 20 Zinc µg/L (10 - 70) (10 - 200) (10 - 190) (10 - 100) 32 50 47 45 Flow L/s (8 - 50) (23 - 80) (5 - 540) (8 - 74) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 3 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Lam Tsuen River in 2011 (Part 1 of 3)

Lam Tsuen River Parameter Unit TR12H TR12D TR12C 8.6 8.7 7.7 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.6 - 10.2) (7.5 - 10.1) (5.7 - 8.6) 7.6 7.5 7.6 pH (7.2 - 7.8) (7.2 - 7.8) (7.2 - 7.8) <1 <1 13 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 1) (4 - 210) 5-day Biochemical <1 <1 5 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) (2 - 17) Chemical Oxygen 2 <2 8 mg/L Demand (<2 - 4) (<2 - 4) (5 - 17) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 3.5) (<0.5 - 1.3) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 3,100 1,500 85,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (860 - 56,000) (230 - 5,500) (29,000 - 210,000) cfu/ 580 71 20,000 E. coli 100mL (140 - 1,300) (8 - 1,500) (5,200 - 44,000) 0.06 0.02 1.70 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.14) (0.01 - 0.03) (0.41 - 3.50) 0.61 0.52 1.10 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.34 - 0.78) (0.26 - 1.20) (0.66 - 1.40) Total Kjeldahl 0.10 <0.05 2.05 mg/L Nitrogen (0.07 - 0.17) (<0.05 - 0.11) (0.81 - 4.00) 0.04 0.02 0.19 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.03 - 0.05) (0.01 - 0.02) (0.11 - 0.40) 0.05 0.02 0.29 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.04 - 0.08) (<0.02 - 0.03) (0.16 - 0.52) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.05) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 <50 195 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 70) (<50 - 50) (<50 - 540) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - 0.2) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 1) <1 <1 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 8) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 4) <1 <1 3 Lead µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 23) 20 20 25 Zinc µg/L (10 - 30) (10 - 40) (10 - 70) 59 36 63 Flow L/s (14 - 720) (8 - 80) (39 - 99) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 4 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Lam Tsuen River in 2011 (Part 2 of 3)

Lam Tsuen River Parameter Unit TR12G TR12F TR12B 8.2 8.6 8.8 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (6.9 - 9.9) (7.8 - 10.3) (7.4 - 10.0) 7.5 7.7 7.4 pH (7.0 - 8.0) (7.4 - 8.0) (7.3 - 7.7) 1 2 11 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 4) (<1 - 17) (3 - 140) 5-day Biochemical <1 1 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) Chemical Oxygen 3 4 3 mg/L Demand (<2 - 10) (2 - 8) (<2 - 7) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.5) (<0.5 - 2.1) (<0.5 - 0.7) cfu/ 1,600 4,600 6,800 Faecal coliforms 100mL (380 - 14,000) (880 - 22,000) (1,900 - 31,000) cfu/ 83 860 1,300 E. coli 100mL (9 - 470) (300 - 7,500) (340 - 9,500) 0.02 0.08 0.03 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 0.05) (0.01 - 0.40) (0.01 - 0.22) 0.06 0.69 1.07 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.10) (0.48 - 0.86) (0.74 - 2.00) Total Kjeldahl 0.08 0.24 0.11 mg/L nitrogen (<0.05 - 0.20) (0.13 - 0.53) (0.06 - 0.41) 0.02 0.07 0.06 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.02 - 0.03) (0.05 - 0.09) (0.05 - 0.08) 0.04 0.10 0.08 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.03 - 0.10) (0.07 - 0.11) (0.05 - 0.19) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 <50 85 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 50) (<50 - 60) (<50 - 320) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) <1 <1 1 Copper µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 4) <1 <1 2 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 15) 10 10 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 30) (<10 - 20) (<10 - 80) 16 19 269 Flow L/s (7 - 35) (9 - 46) (87 - 587) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 5 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Lam Tsuen River (Part 3 of 3) and Tai Po River in 2011 Lam Tsuen River Tai Po River Parameter Unit TR12E TR12 TR12I TR13 8.4 8.7 6.4 8.7 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.5 - 9.8) (7.7 - 9.4) (4.7 - 8.1) (7.9 - 10.2) 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.8 pH (7.6 - 8.1) (7.2 - 8.2) (6.8 - 8.3) (7.2 - 8.8) 2 14 8 37 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 5) (2 - 41) (3 - 13) (2 - 350) 5-day Biochemical <1 3 4 1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 3) (<1 - 12) (2 - 9) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 3 7 11 4 mg/L Demand (<2 - 5) (3 - 10) (3 - 20) (<2 - 12) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 2.1) (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 1.4) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 8,600 6,400 87,000 53,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (4,500 - 57,000) (2,100 - 19,000) (3,900 - 1,000,000) (19,000 - 110,000) cfu/ 2,700 1,200 19,000 31,000 E. coli 100mL (530 - 8,900) (230 - 6,400) (1,600 - 120,000) (14,000 - 55,000) 0.05 0.56 0.45 0.11 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.01 - 0.13) (0.21 - 1.60) (0.03 - 0.76) (0.05 - 0.23) 0.65 1.55 0.58 0.68 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.45 - 0.96) (1.10 - 2.30) (0.35 - 1.10) (0.40 - 1.30) Total Kjeldahl 0.10 1.09 0.88 0.35 mg/L nitrogen (0.06 - 0.28) (0.39 - 2.10) (0.51 - 1.30) (0.16 - 0.60) 0.03 0.27 0.10 0.07 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.03) (0.13 - 0.62) (0.04 - 0.14) (0.05 - 0.12) 0.04 0.34 0.16 0.11 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.02 - 0.05) (0.17 - 0.69) (0.08 - 0.24) (0.05 - 0.26) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 80 160 90 195 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 200) (60 - 410) (50 - 180) (<50 - 1,500) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.9) <1 <1 1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 7) <1 3 3 3 Copper µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 20) <1 3 1 7 Lead µg/L (<1 - 4) (<1 - 8) (<1 - 3) (<1 - 120) 10 20 20 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 50) (10 - 50) (<10 - 20) (<10 - 80) 82 167 141 Flow L/s NM (31 - 131) (36 - 366) (30 - 1,069) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 6 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream in 2011 Tai Po Kau Stream Shan Liu Stream Tung Tze Stream Parameter Unit TR14 TR4 TR6 8.0 6.8 5.7 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.5 - 10.4) (5.0 - 8.0) (3.9 - 7.4) 7.3 7.7 7.2 pH (6.8 - 7.8) (7.2 - 8.3) (6.8 - 8.1) 2 7 7 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 6) (1 - 18) (3 - 22) 5-day Biochemical <1 2 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 2) (1 - 4) (1 - 6) Chemical Oxygen 6 5 12 mg/L Demand (<2 - 16) (4 - 12) (7 - 45) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.6) (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 1,200 11,000 15,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (120 - 15,000) (3,200 - 55,000) (6,300 - 36,000) cfu/ 110 3,600 7,500 E. coli 100mL (22 - 2,000) (1,400 - 10,000) (3,200 - 21,000) 0.05 0.45 0.83 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.18) (0.24 - 0.97) (0.20 - 2.40) 0.15 1.70 0.33 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.07 - 0.69) (1.50 - 3.60) (0.05 - 0.80) Total Kjeldahl 0.14 0.78 1.15 mg/L nitrogen (0.08 - 0.33) (0.44 - 1.50) (0.54 - 2.90) 0.02 0.16 0.09 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.03) (0.11 - 0.25) (0.05 - 0.17) 0.03 0.20 0.15 Total phosphorus mg/L (<0.02 - 0.08) (0.14 - 0.33) (0.11 - 0.28) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 75 55 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 130) (<50 - 180) (<50 - 280) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.3) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 2) 1 2 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 2) (1 - 3) (1 - 5) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 3) 10 10 10 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 50) (<10 - 20) (<10 - 40) 37 44 Flow L/s NM (12 - 92) (9 - 88) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 7 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ho Chung River in 2011

Ho Chung River Parameter Unit PR1 PR2 7.0 8.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (5.0 - 8.6) (6.7 - 9.4) 7.3 7.6 pH (6.8 - 7.5) (7.3 - 8.0) 4 7 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 10) (3 - 16) 5-day Biochemical 1 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 7) (<1 - 1) Chemical Oxygen 9 4 mg/L Demand (5 - 17) (2 - 7) <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 1.5) cfu/ 11,000 2,700 Faecal coliforms 100mL (3,500 - 290,000) (540 - 10,000) cfu/ 4,500 380 E. coli 100mL (800 - 62,000) (130 - 3,100) 0.50 0.06 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.19 - 2.50) (0.04 - 0.17) 0.30 0.30 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.13 - 0.44) (0.18 - 0.42) Total Kjeldahl 0.70 0.16 mg/L nitrogen (0.29 - 3.10) (0.10 - 0.37) 0.06 0.02 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.03 - 0.25) (0.02 - 0.04) 0.09 0.03 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.05 - 0.39) (0.02 - 0.06) <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 75 100 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 180) (60 - 220) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - <1) 3 <1 Copper µg/L (2 - 4) (<1 - 2) <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 3) 10 10 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 30) (<10 - 30) 355 Flow L/s NM (110 - 1,280) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 8 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Sha Kok Mei Stream in 2011

Sha Kok Mei Stream Parameter Unit PR5 PR6 7.4 8.0 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (6.0 - 8.4) (6.9 - 11.8) 7.7 7.6 pH (7.2 - 8.3) (7.0 - 8.2) 2 1 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 11) (<1 - 3) 5-day Biochemical 1 1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) Chemical Oxygen 5 4 mg/L Demand (3 - 11) (3 - 6) <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 1,000 14,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (<1 - 45,000) (6,000 - 96,000) cfu/ 440 4,400 E. coli 100mL (<1 - 23,000) (800 - 38,000) 0.10 0.09 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.49) (0.05 - 0.11) 0.94 1.70 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.60 - 1.60) (1.20 - 2.40) Total Kjeldahl 0.31 0.32 mg/L nitrogen (0.15 - 0.82) (0.22 - 0.43) 0.08 0.08 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.17) (0.07 - 0.14) 0.10 0.11 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.03 - 0.21) (0.08 - 0.15) <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 55 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 200) (<50 - 120) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) 1 1 Copper µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) 1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 2) 25 15 Zinc µg/L (10 - 30) (<10 - 30) 28 Flow L/s NM (12 - 690) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 9 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tai Chung Hau Stream in 2011

Tai Chung Hau Stream Parameter Unit PR7 PR8 8.6 8.3 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.4 - 10.2) (7.5 - 9.9) 7.6 8.0 pH (7.3 - 8.4) (7.7 - 8.5) 2 1 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 4) (<1 - 7) 5-day Biochemical <1 1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) Chemical Oxygen 8 4 mg/L Demand (3 - 10) (3 - 9) <0.5 0.6 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.0) (<0.5 - 1.2) cfu/ 19,000 7,800 Faecal coliforms 100mL (6,300 - 92,000) (1,000 - 74,000) cfu/ 11,000 4,100 E. coli 100mL (3,300 - 68,000) (410 - 37,000) 0.09 0.06 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 0.17) (0.04 - 0.13) 0.72 1.10 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.56 - 1.10) (0.85 - 1.30) Total Kjeldahl 0.28 0.27 mg/L Nitrogen (0.13 - 0.41) (0.15 - 0.34) 0.05 0.06 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.04 - 0.07) (0.05 - 0.07) 0.08 0.08 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.06 - 0.09) (0.07 - 0.10) <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 70 90 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 160) (50 - 200) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 3) 2 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 5) <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 3) 10 10 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 30) (<10 - 50) 60 Flow L/s NM (18 - 180) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 10 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tseng Lan Shue Stream in 2011

Tseng Lan Shue Stream Parameter Unit JR3 JR6 JR11 6.5 7.6 8.9 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (4.9 - 7.5) (6.3 - 8.3) (7.9 - 10.5) 7.3 7.6 8.0 pH (6.9 - 7.6) (7.3 - 8.0) (7.8 - 8.1) 8 6 2 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 22) (2 - 35) (1 - 6) 5-day Biochemical 8 7 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (4 - 43) (3 - 23) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 17 14 8 mg/L Demand (10 - 46) (9 - 35) (5 - 13) 0.9 0.7 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 3.3) (<0.5 - 1.6) (<0.5 - 1.7) cfu/ 23,000 170,000 1,600 Faecal coliforms 100mL (50 - 160,000) (21,000 - 500,000) (200 - 7,600) cfu/ 10,000 56,000 240 E. coli 100mL (7 - 100,000) (8,000 - 140,000) (90 - 800) 4.35 0.64 0.04 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.85 - 12.00) (0.34 - 2.60) (0.02 - 0.17) 1.20 3.50 3.65 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.59 - 2.00) (1.70 - 4.40) (2.30 - 6.90) Total Kjeldahl 5.45 2.15 0.47 mg/L nitrogen (1.60 - 14.00) (1.10 - 4.30) (0.24 - 0.78) 0.61 0.90 0.55 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.21 - 0.96) (0.40 - 1.30) (0.31 - 1.00) Total phosphorus, 0.70 1.10 0.58 mg/L SP (0.36 - 1.20) (0.54 - 1.50) (0.34 - 1.00) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.04) (<0.02 - 0.04) (<0.02 - <0.02) 150 120 65 Aluminium µg/L (50 - 290) (80 - 260) (<50 - 80) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) 4 4 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 6) (2 - 6) (<1 - 3) 2 1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 7) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 2) 30 40 25 Zinc µg/L (20 - 80) (40 - 70) (10 - 60) 66 Flow L/s NM NM (16 - 360) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 11 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Indus in 2011

River Indus Parameter Unit IN1 IN2 IN3 3.7 5.8 8.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (2.4 - 7.8) (3.6 - 10.3) (7.2 - 10.5) 7.3 7.4 7.6 pH (7.1 - 7.4) (7.1 - 8.3) (7.4 - 8.8) 36 11 24 Suspended solids mg/L (21 - 460) (7 - 40) (2 - 1,100) 5-day Biochemical 7 3 1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (3 - 28) (2 - 10) (<1 - 20) Chemical Oxygen 15 9 7 mg/L Demand (8 - 28) (6 - 16) (5 - 14) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 0.9) (<0.5 - 0.9) cfu/ 420,000 39,000 7,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (29,000 - 4,500,000) (9,000 - 350,000) (440 - 77,000) cfu/ 180,000 4,100 870 E. coli 100mL (7,000 - 2,500,000) (280 - 66,000) (80 - 11,000) 4.75 0.77 0.08 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.95 - 12.00) (0.25 - 2.70) (0.02 - 0.46) 2.85 1.20 0.90 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.04 - 4.90) (0.81 - 1.80) (0.53 - 1.80) Total Kjeldahl 6.05 1.55 0.44 mg/L nitrogen (1.80 - 15.00) (0.79 - 3.40) (0.28 - 4.40) 0.24 0.11 0.21 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.04 - 0.41) (0.03 - 0.16) (0.04 - 0.28) 0.66 0.21 0.28 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.36 - 3.40) (0.14 - 0.32) (0.13 - 2.60) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.34) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 295 140 160 Aluminium µg/L (190 - 3,200) (<50 - 490) (70 - 2,000) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.5) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 1.0) 5 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (1 - 67) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 4) 7 2 4 Copper µg/L (3 - 12) (1 - 3) (2 - 42) 3 2 3 Lead µg/L (2 - 19) (1 - 5) (<1 - 73) 40 20 20 Zinc µg/L (20 - 280) (10 - 30) (<10 - 410) 18 Flow L/s NM NM (4 - 57) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 12 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Beas in 2011

River Beas Parameter Unit RB1 RB2 RB3 10.2 6.0 8.8 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (8.8 - 12.3) (4.6 - 8.5) (2.9 - 11.8) 8.1 7.4 7.5 pH (7.7 - 9.2) (7.3 - 7.8) (7.2 - 8.4) 8 11 13 Suspended solids mg/L (4 - 23) (2 - 32) (2 - 33) 5-day Biochemical 3 5 6 mg/L Oxygen Demand (1 - 5) (3 - 10) (3 - 30) Chemical Oxygen 8 11 13 mg/L Demand (5 - 14) (8 - 17) (10 - 91) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.4) (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 34,000 16,000 75,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (8,000 - 110,000) (1,600 - 50,000) (7,600 - 2,100,000) cfu/ 9,300 1,800 15,000 E. coli 100mL (2,200 - 33,000) (230 - 8,000) (2,400 - 630,000) 0.23 2.10 2.35 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.08 - 1.10) (0.64 - 6.70) (0.47 - 6.30) 0.93 0.78 0.78 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.60 - 1.60) (0.46 - 1.30) (<0.01 - 3.70) Total Kjeldahl 0.75 3.05 3.30 mg/L nitrogen (0.33 - 1.60) (1.10 - 7.50) (0.86 - 7.70) 0.23 0.23 0.21 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.19 - 0.32) (0.12 - 0.47) (0.03 - 0.31) 0.34 0.46 0.44 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.29 - 0.43) (0.28 - 0.80) (0.22 - 0.64) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 180 80 130 Aluminium µg/L (110 - 340) (<50 - 160) (50 - 190) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.3) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 4) 2 2 3 Copper µg/L (1 - 2) (1 - 4) (2 - 5) <1 <1 1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) 20 20 30 Zinc µg/L (10 - 20) (10 - 50) (10 - 70) 100 36 Flow L/s NM (22 - 220) (2 - 320) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 13 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for River Ganges in 2011

River Ganges Parameter Unit GR1 GR2 GR3 7.4 5.8 7.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (3.6 - 10.9) (3.4 - 8.0) (5.5 - 8.7) 7.5 7.3 7.5 pH (7.2 - 7.9) (7.0 - 7.6) (7.0 - 7.8) 16 11 7 Suspended solids mg/L (12 - 31) (5 - 48) (3 - 13) 5-day Biochemical 7 3 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 51) (1 - 10) (<1 - 14) Chemical Oxygen 20 13 5 mg/L Demand (8 - 36) (10 - 33) (<2 - 35) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.2) (<0.5 - 1.3) (<0.5 - 1.2) cfu/ 28,000 35,000 33,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (1,300 - 710,000) (6,100 - 770,000) (1,300 - 410,000) cfu/ 8,800 12,000 1,100 E. coli 100mL (270 - 300,000) (1,900 - 490,000) (90 - 15,000) 4.65 1.28 0.10 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.15 - 21.00) (0.14 - 20.00) (0.03 - 0.28) 1.10 1.10 0.17 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 1.50) (0.04 - 4.40) (0.09 - 0.33) Total Kjeldahl 5.60 1.90 0.21 mg/L nitrogen (0.75 - 23.00) (0.59 - 21.00) (0.12 - 0.54) 1.25 0.55 <0.01 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.26 - 3.50) (0.29 - 1.90) (<0.01 - <0.01) 1.45 0.70 <0.02 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.43 - 3.70) (0.42 - 2.30) (<0.02 - 0.06) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.03) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 130 150 <50 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 310) (50 - 340) (<50 - 190) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.9) (<0.1 - 0.2) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) 3 3 <1 Copper µg/L (2 - 5) (1 - 3) (<1 - <1) 2 2 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (1 - 5) (<1 - 2) 20 30 20 Zinc µg/L (20 - 30) (10 - 70) (<10 - 40) 21 19 38 Flow L/s (3 - 120) (2 - 144) (8 - 600) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 14 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Yuen Long Creek in 2011 (Part 1 of 2) Yuen Long Creek Parameter Unit YL1 YL2 5.4 7.3 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (2.1 - 9.7) (4.9 - 9.6) 7.5 7.4 pH (7.4 - 8.1) (7.1 - 7.8) 15 9 Suspended solids mg/L (5 - 130) (2 - 16) 5-day Biochemical 13 8 mg/L Oxygen Demand (6 - 110) (6 - 14) Chemical Oxygen 19 22 mg/L Demand (10 - 130) (13 - 38) 0.6 0.7 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 5.9) (<0.5 - 1.2) cfu/ 300,000 73,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (92,000 - 7,100,000) (27,000 - 570,000) cfu/ 160,000 41,000 E. coli 100mL (45,000 - 6,800,000) (12,000 - 500,000) 4.50 10.50 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (1.90 - 36.00) (1.70 - 13.00) 0.79 2.60 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 2.60) (0.41 - 6.00) Total Kjeldahl 5.80 12.00 mg/L nitrogen (2.70 - 42.00) (2.40 - 15.00) 0.78 2.15 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.30 - 3.40) (0.26 - 2.90) 1.05 2.35 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.47 - 4.80) (0.43 - 3.50) 0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.05) (<0.02 - 0.04) 195 145 Aluminium µg/L (110 - 1,500) (80 - 330) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 1) 10 4 Copper µg/L (5 - 43) (2 - 10) 6 1 Lead µg/L (2 - 30) (<1 - 5) 60 30 Zinc µg/L (40 - 140) (20 - 110) 129 11 Flow L/s (31 - 190) (6 - 36) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 15 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Yuen Long Creek in 2011 (Part 2 of 2)

Yuen Long Creek Parameter Unit YL3 YL4 3.6 4.1 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (2.8 - 5.4) (1.9 - 7.3) 7.4 7.2 pH (7.3 - 7.6) (7.0 - 9.8) 27 51 Suspended solids mg/L (13 - 50) (28 - 96) 5-day Biochemical 36 115 mg/L Oxygen Demand (22 - 76) (50 - 230) Chemical Oxygen 29 96 mg/L Demand (19 - 72) (48 - 140) 2.0 8.9 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 11.0) (3.6 - 25.0) cfu/ 1,200,000 3,100,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (510,000 - 2,200,000) (1,000,000 - 9,000,000) cfu/ 490,000 1,300,000 E. coli 100mL (250,000 - 990,000) (480,000 - 3,200,000) 6.05 7.05 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (3.80 - 26.00) (4.30 - 8.70) <0.01 <0.01 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 0.89) (<0.01 - <0.01) Total Kjeldahl 8.35 12.00 mg/L nitrogen (5.50 - 29.00) (8.70 - 17.00) 0.77 0.72 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.39 - 2.40) (0.39 - 1.10) 1.10 1.55 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.75 - 3.00) (1.20 - 2.30) 0.05 0.09 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.07) (0.03 - 0.29) 155 215 Aluminium µg/L (110 - 430) (120 - 1,000) <0.1 0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.3) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 19) 8 6 Copper µg/L (4 - 23) (3 - 12) 5 3 Lead µg/L (2 - 17) (1 - 9) 45 50 Zinc µg/L (20 - 70) (30 - 120) 293 111 Flow L/s (83 - 720) (50 - 219) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 16 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Kam Tin River in 2011

Kam Tin River Parameter Unit KT1 KT2 5.3 2.8 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (1.5 - 7.3) (1.5 - 5.4) 7.3 7.3 pH (6.5 - 7.5) (7.1 - 7.6) 16 57 Suspended solids mg/L (3 - 840) (14 - 320) 5-day Biochemical 10 32 mg/L Oxygen Demand (4 - 170) (15 - 110) Chemical Oxygen 21 41 mg/L Demand (7 - 410) (21 - 140) 0.8 1.9 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 42.0) (<0.5 - 13.0) cfu/ 380,000 570,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (160,000 - 1,500,000) (210,000 - 1,100,000) cfu/ 73,000 320,000 E. coli 100mL (32,000 - 330,000) (160,000 - 620,000) 6.00 14.00 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (1.60 - 16.00) (7.70 - 21.00) 0.78 <0.01 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 1.30) (<0.01 - 1.10) Total Kjeldahl 8.20 16.50 mg/L nitrogen (2.10 - 34.00) (9.50 - 30.00) 0.80 2.65 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.44 - 3.10) (1.30 - 4.40) 1.30 3.55 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.61 - 7.00) (1.90 - 6.20) 0.03 0.06 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.50) (<0.02 - 0.36) 165 190 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 2,500) (70 - 800) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 1.4) (<0.1 - 0.2) <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 5) (<1 - 2) 10 15 Copper µg/L (2 - 60) (3 - 35) 3 5 Lead µg/L (<1 - 66) (1 - 29) 50 80 Zinc µg/L (20 - 530) (30 - 340) 218 225 Flow L/s (80 - 536) (32 - 515) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 17 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tin Shui Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah in 2011 Tin Shui Wai Nullah Fairview Park Nullah Parameter Unit TSR1 TSR2 FVR1 7.7 9.6 9.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (4.5 - 12.5) (8.2 - 13.2) (3.9 - 17.2) 7.7 8.3 7.8 pH (7.1 - 8.7) (7.5 - 9.8) (7.1 - 8.9) 21 5 29 Suspended solids mg/L (4 - 550) (3 - 63) (6 - 49) 5-day Biochemical 9 1 11 mg/L Oxygen Demand (4 - 84) (<1 - 7) (4 - 20) Chemical Oxygen 19 7 30 mg/L Demand (6 - 50) (3 - 15) (13 - 46) 0.6 <0.5 0.7 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 2.2) (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 2.0) cfu/ 140,000 54,000 65,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (15,000 - 1,100,000) (25,000 - 290,000) (13,000 - 240,000) cfu/ 17,000 21,000 18,000 E. coli 100mL (2,000 - 280,000) (1,100 - 230,000) (4,200 - 97,000) 1.45 0.30 4.55 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.52 - 4.40) (<0.01 - 3.30) (0.74 - 5.60) 0.65 0.89 0.56 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.07 - 1.00) (0.52 - 1.40) (0.10 - 1.00) Total Kjeldahl 2.20 0.56 6.15 mg/L nitrogen (1.20 - 15.00) (0.17 - 3.60) (4.00 - 11.00) 0.14 0.08 0.60 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.07 - 0.22) (0.02 - 0.35) (0.43 - 1.10) 0.27 0.10 0.95 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.20 - 2.90) (0.03 - 0.52) (0.58 - 1.20) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.82) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.02) 230 215 170 Aluminium µg/L (80 - 2,000) (110 - 440) (60 - 400) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 1.2) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) 1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 11) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 2) 5 1 3 Copper µg/L (2 - 18) (<1 - 7) (2 - 5) 4 1 2 Lead µg/L (1 - 72) (<1 - 8) (<1 - 4) 45 20 35 Zinc µg/L (20 - 730) (<10 - 40) (20 - 170) 31 Flow L/s NM NM (10 - 270) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 18 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ha Pak Nai Stream, Pak Nai Stream and Sheung Pak Nai Stream in 2011 Ha Pak Nai Stream Pak Nai Stream Sheung Pak Nai Stream Parameter Unit DB1 DB3 DB5 8.4 7.9 8.3 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (6.7 - 10.6) (7.3 - 10.0) (7.4 - 10.7) 7.9 7.5 7.3 pH (6.6 - 8.5) (6.7 - 8.0) (6.7 - 8.0) 3 5 4 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 35) (2 - 10) (3 - 14) 5-day Biochemical <1 <1 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 8) Chemical Oxygen 2 3 4 mg/L Demand (<2 - 4) (<2 - 5) (<2 - 16) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.1) (<0.5 - 1.1) (<0.5 - 0.5) cfu/ 570 1,600 54,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (76 - 2,100) (320 - 5,300) (810 - 650,000) cfu/ 73 280 35,000 E. coli 100mL (8 - 340) (64 - 1,200) (570 - 650,000) 0.02 0.03 0.35 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.01 - 0.06) (<0.01 - 0.06) (0.04 - 2.30) 0.36 0.27 0.21 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.19 - 0.68) (0.18 - 0.46) (0.15 - 0.30) Total Kjeldahl 0.06 0.07 0.65 mg/L nitrogen (<0.05 - 0.11) (<0.05 - 0.17) (0.16 - 3.20) <0.01 <0.01 0.13 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - <0.01) (<0.01 - 0.01) (0.02 - 0.88) <0.02 <0.02 0.15 Total phosphorus mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.03) (0.03 - 1.00) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.07) 120 95 100 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 280) (50 - 260) (<50 - 280) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) <1 <1 <1 Copper µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - 2) <1 <1 1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 3) <10 10 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 50) (<10 - 20) (<10 - 50) 14 15 25 Flow L/s (1 - 32) (6 - 26) (13 - 72) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 19 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Ngau Hom Sha Stream, Tai Shui Hang Stream and Tsang Kok Stream in 2011 Ngau Hom Sha Stream Tai Shui Hang Stream Tsang Kok Stream Parameter Unit DB6 DB2 DB8 9.8 7.9 8.9 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.5 - 12.5) (5.9 - 10.3) (6.7 - 10.7) 6.9 7.5 7.9 pH (6.6 - 9.1) (7.0 - 7.8) (7.0 - 8.6) 9 6 5 Suspended solids mg/L (2 - 27) (2 - 60) (1 - 21) 5-day Biochemical 1 <1 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 2) (<1 - 3) (<1 - 3) Chemical Oxygen 7 4 4 mg/L Demand (<2 - 12) (<2 - 10) (2 - 7) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - <0.5) (<0.5 - 1.0) (<0.5 - <0.5) cfu/ 6,800 1,400 1,300 Faecal coliforms 100mL (700 - 25,000) (67 - 9,400) (41 - 6,500) cfu/ 1,400 95 27 E. coli 100mL (110 - 6,200) (13 - 1,400) (4 - 330) 0.21 0.05 0.02 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 0.93) (<0.01 - 0.27) (0.01 - 0.07) 0.39 0.32 0.22 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.19 - 0.93) (0.09 - 1.50) (0.05 - 0.86) Total Kjeldahl 0.41 0.14 0.15 mg/L nitrogen (0.15 - 1.20) (<0.05 - 0.52) (<0.05 - 0.29) 0.13 <0.01 <0.01 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.07 - 0.34) (<0.01 - 0.04) (<0.01 - 0.01) 0.17 <0.02 <0.02 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.10 - 0.40) (<0.02 - 0.09) (<0.02 - 0.03) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 120 110 140 Aluminium µg/L (60 - 430) (50 - 210) (70 - 340) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - <1) 2 1 <1 Copper µg/L (<1 - 6) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 1) 1 2 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 7) (<1 - 2) 30 20 15 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 40) (<10 - 60) (<10 - 20) 18 150 Flow L/s NM (6 - 90) (10 - 210) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 20 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Mui Wo River in 2011 (Part 1 of 2)

Mui Wo River Parameter Unit MW1 MW2 MW3 8.7 8.6 8.9 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (6.0 - 10.6) (6.5 - 11.3) (7.4 - 11.6) 7.5 7.6 7.4 pH (7.2 - 8.2) (7.2 - 8.2) (6.7 - 7.9) 3 5 3 Suspended solids mg/L (1 - 10) (2 - 8) (<1 - 5) 5-day Biochemical <1 1 <1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 3) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 7 10 3 mg/L Demand (3 - 10) (4 - 19) (<2 - 4) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.0) (<0.5 - 1.6) (<0.5 - 1.6) cfu/ 3,600 8,000 1,100 Faecal coliforms 100mL (570 - 22,000) (660 - 35,000) (180 - 10,000) cfu/ 610 1,900 65 E. coli 100mL (190 - 2,300) (260 - 20,000) (8 - 1,600) 0.11 0.24 0.02 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.05 - 0.21) (0.11 - 1.20) (<0.01 - 0.06) 0.36 0.18 0.39 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.13 - 0.85) (0.09 - 0.45) (0.23 - 0.66) Total Kjeldahl 0.22 0.46 0.09 mg/L nitrogen (0.14 - 0.34) (0.31 - 1.40) (<0.05 - 0.26) 0.12 0.07 0.08 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.06 - 0.17) (0.04 - 0.14) (0.03 - 0.12) 0.13 0.10 0.10 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.08 - 0.20) (0.07 - 0.18) (0.07 - 0.16) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 65 70 85 Aluminium µg/L (50 - 140) (<50 - 130) (60 - 250) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.3) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) 2 1 1 Copper µg/L (1 - 5) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 2) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 3) 10 10 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 20) (<10 - 50) (<10 - 40) 24 6 Flow L/s NM (8 - 64) (<1 - 140) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 21 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Mui Wo River in 2011 (Part 2 of 2)

Mui Wo River Parameter Unit MW4 MW5 7.3 7.0 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (5.5 - 11.8) (5.3 - 10.5) 7.2 7.3 pH (6.5 - 7.6) (7.0 - 8.2) 13 7 Suspended solids mg/L (7 - 51) (1 - 14) 5-day Biochemical <1 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 6 11 mg/L Demand (4 - 15) (6 - 17) <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.5) (<0.5 - 1.1) cfu/ 720 26,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (62 - 20,000) (7,800 - 120,000) cfu/ 260 4,600 E. coli 100mL (20 - 15,000) (700 - 75,000) 0.16 0.67 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.07 - 0.33) (0.45 - 0.96) 0.47 0.25 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.12 - 1.30) (0.18 - 0.32) Total Kjeldahl 0.36 1.05 mg/L nitrogen (0.09 - 0.49) (0.77 - 1.30) 0.09 0.07 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.05 - 0.19) (0.02 - 0.21) 0.12 0.18 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.07 - 0.26) (0.09 - 0.29) <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 105 85 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 560) (<50 - 130) <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.3) (<0.1 - 0.1) 1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 4) (<1 - 2) 3 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 5) (<1 - 3) 1 2 Lead µg/L (<1 - 10) (<1 - 3) 25 20 Zinc µg/L (10 - 50) (<10 - 50) 45 28 Flow L/s (4 - 240) (4 - 140) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 22 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tung Chung River in 2011

Tung Chung River Parameter Unit TC1 TC2 TC3 7.2 8.1 8.8 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (5.2 - 9.7) (6.9 - 10.6) (8.0 - 10.8) 7.3 7.8 8.1 pH (6.6 - 8.9) (7.1 - 9.1) (7.8 - 8.8) 1 1 4 Suspended solids mg/L (<1 - 12) (<1 - 22) (<1 - 8) 5-day Biochemical <1 <1 3 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 1) (<1 - 1) (<1 - 17) Chemical Oxygen 3 4 8 mg/L Demand (<2 - 20) (2 - 12) (2 - 23) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.2) (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 2.5) cfu/ 520 1,200 54,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (76 - 32,000) (390 - 12,000) (6,300 - 340,000) cfu/ 43 65 18,000 E. coli 100mL (<1 - 3,400) (18 - 1,700) (2,200 - 140,000) 0.02 0.02 1.35 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 0.04) (<0.01 - 0.07) (0.12 - 5.00) 0.05 <0.01 0.09 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.02 - 0.28) (<0.01 - 0.21) (0.04 - 1.30) Total Kjeldahl 0.06 0.11 1.70 mg/L nitrogen (<0.05 - 0.41) (<0.05 - 0.30) (0.22 - 5.70) <0.01 <0.01 0.12 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (<0.01 - 0.06) (<0.01 - 0.01) (0.02 - 0.54) <0.02 <0.02 0.18 Total phosphorus mg/L (<0.02 - 0.10) (<0.02 - 0.05) (0.04 - 0.66) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.05) <50 <50 90 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 270) (<50 - 280) (<50 - 290) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) <1 <1 2 Copper µg/L (<1 - 1) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 8) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 1) 10 10 20 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 20) (<10 - 20) (<10 - 30) 23 65 Flow L/s NM (4 - 1,890) (20 - 688) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 23 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tuen Mun River in 2011 (Part 1 of 2)

Tuen Mun River Parameter Unit TN1 TN2 TN3 5.4 8.8 6.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (3.6 - 7.7) (7.6 - 11.3) (4.8 - 7.0) 7.9 7.7 7.7 pH (6.9 - 8.7) (6.9 - 8.5) (7.3 - 7.8) 20 9 3 Suspended solids mg/L (4 - 56) (4 - 24) (2 - 15) 5-day Biochemical 21 3 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (6 - 36) (1 - 60) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 25 8 13 mg/L Demand (16 - 31) (5 - 46) (4 - 18) 0.9 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.4) (<0.5 - 1.3) (<0.5 - 1.0) cfu/ 380,000 53,000 17,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (15,000 - 3,400,000) (8,800 - 260,000) (140 - 270,000) cfu/ 81,000 22,000 3,300 E. coli 100mL (4,000 - 330,000) (7,100 - 85,000) (110 - 31,000) 6.00 0.89 0.40 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (1.90 - 9.20) (0.22 - 3.30) (0.23 - 0.71) 0.69 2.15 0.38 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (<0.01 - 2.30) (<0.01 - 4.40) (0.19 - 0.54) Total Kjeldahl 8.10 1.30 0.59 mg/L nitrogen (2.90 - 11.00) (0.52 - 5.80) (0.43 - 1.10) 0.58 0.17 0.04 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.33 - 1.00) (0.04 - 0.58) (0.01 - 0.06) 0.83 0.20 0.08 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.41 - 1.20) (0.05 - 0.94) (0.04 - 0.12) 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.06) (<0.02 - 0.06) (<0.02 - <0.02) 300 255 150 Aluminium µg/L (140 - 520) (80 - 480) (50 - 260) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 3.3) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - <0.1) 1 <1 2 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 5) 5 3 4 Copper µg/L (2 - 410) (<1 - 7) (2 - 7) 3 2 1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 15) (<1 - 11) (<1 - 6) 40 30 20 Zinc µg/L (20 - 330) (10 - 70) (<10 - 50) 149 16 Flow L/s NM (43 - 450) (8 - 72) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 24 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Tuen Mun River in 2011 (Part 2 of 2)

Tuen Mun River Parameter Unit TN4 TN5 TN6 6.1 6.4 6.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (4.7 - 9.3) (4.7 - 7.0) (5.4 - 7.3) 7.6 7.6 7.4 pH (7.2 - 8.0) (7.3 - 7.8) (6.8 - 8.0) 4 3 4 Suspended solids mg/L (2 - 13) (1 - 14) (2 - 9) 5-day Biochemical 2 2 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 3) (1 - 10) (<1 - 4) Chemical Oxygen 10 10 9 mg/L Demand (3 - 16) (4 - 27) (4 - 16) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 0.9) (<0.5 - 0.7) cfu/ 23,000 20,000 6,500 Faecal coliforms 100mL (1,900 - 420,000) (1,300 - 390,000) (1,200 - 120,000) cfu/ 6,200 4,200 1,500 E. coli 100mL (1,000 - 45,000) (200 - 40,000) (50 - 15,000) 0.43 0.44 0.32 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.23 - 0.82) (0.25 - 0.70) (0.17 - 0.67) 0.39 0.44 0.37 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.25 - 0.93) (0.23 - 0.57) (0.23 - 0.59) Total Kjeldahl 0.78 0.76 0.60 mg/L nitrogen (0.47 - 1.10) (0.50 - 1.80) (0.39 - 1.20) 0.04 0.04 0.04 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.02 - 0.06) (0.01 - 0.06) (0.01 - 0.06) 0.08 0.08 0.07 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.06 - 0.12) (0.05 - 0.14) (0.05 - 0.11) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 175 155 115 Aluminium µg/L (70 - 540) (<50 - 250) (<50 - 600) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) 1 2 2 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 5) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 4) 4 4 4 Copper µg/L (<1 - 14) (2 - 7) (2 - 7) <1 1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 8) (<1 - 6) (<1 - 5) 20 20 10 Zinc µg/L (<10 - 170) (<10 - 40) (<10 - 40)

Flow L/s NM NM NM

Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 25 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Pai Min Kok Stream and Kau Wa Keng Stream in 2011 Pai Min Kok Stream Kau Wa Keng Stream Parameter Unit AN1 AN2 KW3 8.3 8.8 9.7 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.6 - 10.3) (7.8 - 11.0) (8.0 - 10.8) 8.0 8.2 7.7 pH (7.7 - 8.5) (7.7 - 8.5) (7.4 - 8.0) 11 5 3 Suspended solids mg/L (2 - 300) (2 - 920) (<1 - 6) 5-day Biochemical 3 2 3 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 12) (<1 - 19) (<1 - 13) Chemical Oxygen 10 10 12 mg/L Demand (4 - 19) (5 - 36) (4 - 32) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.2) (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 1.2) cfu/ 12,000 48,000 120,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (160 - 240,000) (6,500 - 570,000) (53,000 - 780,000) cfu/ 3,000 20,000 67,000 E. coli 100mL (110 - 39,000) (1,600 - 90,000) (29,000 - 550,000) 0.30 0.32 0.70 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.03 - 2.50) (0.04 - 4.20) (0.18 - 3.40) 1.85 1.70 1.90 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (1.00 - 3.20) (0.91 - 3.80) (1.00 - 3.30) Total Kjeldahl 1.03 0.86 1.05 mg/L nitrogen (0.29 - 3.90) (0.29 - 5.50) (0.42 - 6.40) 0.14 0.17 0.11 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.06 - 0.44) (0.05 - 0.59) (0.04 - 0.36) 0.21 0.24 0.14 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.07 - 0.68) (0.06 - 0.68) (0.06 - 0.65) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - 0.03) 230 225 130 Aluminium µg/L (70 - 1,500) (60 - 4,100) (<50 - 350) <0.1 <0.1 1.0 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.2) (<0.1 - 0.7) (<0.1 - 1.7) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 3) (<1 - 1) 5 2 5 Copper µg/L (2 - 22) (<1 - 14) (3 - 10) 3 2 2 Lead µg/L (<1 - 37) (<1 - 140) (1 - 10) 45 25 85 Zinc µg/L (20 - 160) (10 - 100) (60 - 160) 6 17 Flow L/s NM (<1 - 21) (7 - 33) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 26 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Sam Dip Tam Stream in 2011

Sam Dip Tam Stream Parameter Unit TW1 TW2 TW3 8.0 8.4 8.8 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.4 - 9.4) (7.9 - 10.1) (7.9 - 11.3) 7.9 8.0 8.1 pH (7.7 - 8.3) (7.8 - 8.4) (7.8 - 8.7) 4 4 3 Suspended solids mg/L (2 - 16) (2 - 8) (1 - 36) 5-day Biochemical <1 1 1 mg/L Oxygen Demand (<1 - 2) (<1 - 5) (<1 - 3) Chemical Oxygen 3 6 5 mg/L Demand (2 - 6) (3 - 11) (3 - 11) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 1.0) (<0.5 - <0.5) (<0.5 - 0.6) cfu/ 6,100 61,000 15,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (240 - 260,000) (25,000 - 180,000) (2,100 - 69,000) cfu/ 2,700 21,000 4,000 E. coli 100mL (120 - 200,000) (4,500 - 88,000) (800 - 19,000) 0.03 0.16 0.06 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.02 - 0.07) (0.04 - 1.70) (0.04 - 0.25) 0.97 1.30 1.90 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (0.66 - 1.70) (0.87 - 1.90) (1.00 - 3.80) Total Kjeldahl 0.19 0.41 0.31 mg/L nitrogen (0.12 - 0.40) (0.22 - 2.10) (0.20 - 0.82) 0.05 0.10 0.11 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (0.02 - 0.06) (0.04 - 0.24) (0.05 - 0.17) 0.06 0.12 0.13 Total phosphorus mg/L (0.05 - 0.07) (0.07 - 0.27) (0.08 - 0.22) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) 85 135 85 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 200) (90 - 290) (<50 - 230) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - <0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.4) <1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) (<1 - <1) 2 2 3 Copper µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 4) (<1 - 5) 2 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (1 - 7) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 7) 35 20 20 Zinc µg/L (20 - 70) (10 - 40) (<10 - 50) 50 Flow L/s NM NM (20 - 292) Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 27 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Kai Tak Nullah in 2011 (Part 1 of 2)

Kai Tak Nullah Parameter Unit KN1 KN2 KN3 6.6 7.2 7.7 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (5.0 - 7.2) (6.6 - 8.2) (7.0 - 8.6) 7.1 7.3 7.3 pH (7.0 - 7.3) (7.2 - 7.5) (7.2 - 7.5) 4 5 6 Suspended solids mg/L (3 - 9) (2 - 12) (4 - 14) 5-day Biochemical 3 3 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (2 - 10) (1 - 5) (1 - 11) Chemical Oxygen 31 29 30 mg/L Demand (22 - 37) (19 - 40) (13 - 38) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 0.7) (<0.5 - 0.8) cfu/ 200,000 42,000 40,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (28,000 - 1,400,000) (15,000 - 370,000) (13,000 - 360,000) cfu/ 91,000 20,000 19,000 E. coli 100mL (11,000 - 530,000) (6,000 - 130,000) (3,900 - 120,000) 0.60 0.24 0.18 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.41 - 1.90) (0.16 - 1.70) (0.11 - 1.50) 5.45 5.50 5.70 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (3.70 - 9.90) (3.80 - 10.00) (3.80 - 10.00) Total Kjeldahl 1.50 1.20 1.10 mg/L nitrogen (1.20 - 2.90) (0.88 - 2.90) (0.81 - 2.60) 1.40 1.45 1.50 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (1.30 - 1.80) (1.30 - 1.70) (1.20 - 1.80) 1.60 1.60 1.60 Total phosphorus mg/L (1.40 - 2.10) (1.40 - 2.00) (1.40 - 2.00) 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - 0.40) (<0.02 - 0.07) (<0.02 - 0.02) <50 <50 <50 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 380) (<50 - 150) (<50 - 140) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) <1 1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 1) 10 12 11 Copper µg/L (5 - 21) (6 - 30) (5 - 38) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 2) 20 30 25 Zinc µg/L (10 - 150) (20 - 40) (20 - 40)

Flow L/s NM NM NM

Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 28 Appendix D

Summary of water quality monitoring data for Kai Tak Nullah in 2011 (Part 2 of 2)

Kai Tak Nullah Parameter Unit KN4 KN5 KN7 7.8 7.8 7.5 Dissolved oxygen mg/L (7.0 - 9.4) (7.3 - 8.9) (6.9 - 8.2) 7.3 7.3 7.2 pH (7.2 - 7.4) (7.1 - 7.5) (7.0 - 7.4) 5 4 3 Suspended solids mg/L (3 - 47) (3 - 83) (2 - 59) 5-day Biochemical 2 2 2 mg/L Oxygen Demand (1 - 19) (<1 - 23) (<1 - 20) Chemical Oxygen 25 30 26 mg/L Demand (13 - 40) (21 - 37) (18 - 38) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Oil & grease mg/L (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 0.8) (<0.5 - 1.0) cfu/ 23,000 21,000 17,000 Faecal coliforms 100mL (4,400 - 72,000) (4,600 - 85,000) (3,100 - 64,000) cfu/ 9,800 9,600 7,500 E. coli 100mL (2,200 - 30,000) (2,400 - 37,000) (1,600 - 23,000) 0.16 0.16 0.16 Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L (0.09 - 1.10) (0.08 - 0.90) (0.09 - 0.84) 5.70 5.55 5.60 Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L (4.10 - 11.00) (3.90 - 10.00) (3.90 - 10.00) Total Kjeldahl 1.10 1.10 1.05 mg/L nitrogen (0.85 - 2.50) (0.73 - 3.80) (0.77 - 2.90) 1.50 1.50 1.50 Ortho-phosphate mg/L (1.20 - 1.80) (1.10 - 1.80) (1.10 - 1.80) 1.60 1.70 1.60 Total phosphorus mg/L (1.40 - 2.00) (1.40 - 2.00) (1.40 - 2.00) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Total sulphide mg/L (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) (<0.02 - <0.02) <50 <50 <50 Aluminium µg/L (<50 - 400) (<50 - 730) (<50 - 560) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Cadmium µg/L (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.1) (<0.1 - 0.2) 1 <1 <1 Chromium µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 5) (<1 - 4) 12 10 10 Copper µg/L (6 - 23) (6 - 26) (5 - 23) <1 <1 <1 Lead µg/L (<1 - 3) (<1 - 2) (<1 - 1) 30 30 30 Zinc µg/L (20 - 110) (20 - 50) (20 - 60)

Flow L/s NM NM NM

Notes: 1. Data presented are in annual medians of monthly samples; except those for faecal coliforms and E. coli which are in annual geometric means. 2. Figures in brackets are annual ranges. 3. NM indicates no measurement taken. 4. cfu - colony forming unit. 5. Values at or below laboratory reporting limits are presented as laboratory reporting limits (see Appendix B). 6. Equal values for annual medians (or geometric means) and ranges indicate that all data are the same as or below laboratory reporting limits.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 D - 29 Appendix E

Compliance with the river Water Quality Objectives in 2011

5-Day Chemical Biochemical Dissolved Suspended Overall Watercourse pH Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen Solids Compliance Demand Demand Eastern New Territories Shing Mun River 68% 83% 96% 100% 100% 90% Lam Tsuen River 100% 83% 99% 100% 100% 96% Tai Po River 92% 100% 100% 100% 0% 78% Tai Po Kau Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Shan Liu Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Tung Tze Stream 100% 92% 92% 92% 100% 95% Ho Chung River 100% 96% 100% 100% 100% 99% Sha Kok Mei Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Tai Chung Hau Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Tseng Lan Shue Stream 100% 44% 89% 100% 100% 87% Northwestern New Territories River Indus 97% 44% 83% 78% 33% 67% River Beas 92% 31% 83% 92% 100% 79% River Ganges 100% 47% 58% 94% 100% 80% Yuen Long Creek 96% 0% 25% 67% 50% 47% Kam Tin River 100% 0% 21% 50% 50% 44% Tin Shui Wai Nullah 92% 58% 92% 100% 50% 78% Fairview Park Nullah 100% 8% 50% 92% 0% 50% Ha Pak Nai Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Tai Shui Hang Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Pak Nai Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Sheung Pak Nai Stream 100% 75% 100% 100% 100% 95% Ngau Hom Sha Stream 92% 100% 100% 100% 100% 98% Tsang Kok Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Lantau Island Mui Wo River 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Tung Chung River 97% 86% 100% 100% 100% 97% Southwestern New Territories & Kowloon Tuen Mun River 99% 74% 96% 99% 100% 93% Pai Min Kok Stream 100% 67% 96% 100% 100% 93% Kau Wa Keng Stream 100% 75% 92% 100% 100% 93% Sam Dip Tam Stream 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Kai Tak Nullah Not applicable Average Compliance 94% 72% 88% 95% 89% 88% (All monitoring stations)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 E - 1 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Shing Mun River

TR19C TR17 TR17L 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 E. coli coli E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

TR19A TR19I 3 3 6 Shing Mun River 6 9 N 9 WQI WQI 12 Tolo 12 15 Harbour 15 100,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 Fo Tan Nullah 1,000 100 E. coli E. coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 TR17 1991 19911991 2011 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 TR17L 1996 2001 2006 un TR19 M TR23A 3 g 3 n in hi a el 6 Tai Wai S M nn TR19I TR23A 6 ha 9 TR19C C 9

WQI Nullah WQI 12 TR19 Shatin TR23L 12 TR19A 15 15 10,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 Kwun Yam 100,000 100,000 Shan Stream 10,000 10,000 TR20B 1,000 1,000 Siu Lek E. coli E. 100 KY1 coli E. 100 10 Tin Sum Yuen 10 1 Nullah Nullah 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

TR20B KY1 TR23L 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100 100,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 1,000 10,000 10 1,000 100 E. coli E. coli E. coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 1 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Lam Tsuen River and Tai Po River

TR12B TR12C TR12 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 1,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 20001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

TR12F TR12I 3 3 6 6 9 N

WQI 9 WQI 12 Lam Tsuen River 12 15 15 10,000 1,000,000 1,000 100,000 10,000 100 TR12B Tai Po 1,000 E. coli E. TR12C 10 Town coli E. 100 10 1 Centre TR12 1 1991 TR12F TR12I 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Tolo TR12G TR12E TR13 TR13 3 Shek Kwu Harbour 3 TR12G Lung 6 Ha 6 9 Tin Liu Ha Wun 9 WQI WQI Yiu 12 12 15 TR12D Tai Po 15 10,000 TR12H 1,000,000 100,000 1,000 Lam River Tsuen 10,000 100 Valley 1,000 E. coli E. coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

TR12H TR12D TR12E 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 10,000 10,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000 1,000 10,000 100 100 1,000

E. coli E. coli E. 100 10 10 coli E. 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 2 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream

TR14 TR6 TR4 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 100 100 E. coli E. coli E. coli E. 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N Shan Liu Stream Plover Cove Reservoir Tung Tze Stream TR4 TR6 Plover Cove

Tai Po Tolo Harbour TR14 Tai Po Kau Stream

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 3 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Ho Chung River, Tai Chung Hau Stream and Sha Kok Mei Stream

PR8 PR6 PR5 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 100 100 E. coli E. coli E. E. coli 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

PR7 3 6 9 WQI N 12 Sha Kok Mei 15 100,000 Stream 10,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. 10 1

19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Sha Kok Mei PR2 3 Tai Chung Hau PR6 6 PR5 9 Stream Sai Kung WQI 12 Town PR8 Centre 15 10,000 Sai Kung Hoi Tai Chung 1,000 Hau PR7 100 E. coli E. 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Ho Chung River Hebe PR1 Haven 3 Marina Cove 6 Ho Chung 9 PR2 WQI 12 PR1 15 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 4 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tseng Lan Shue Stream

Tseng Lan Shue Stream

N JR6 JR11 Pak Shek 3 JR3 Wo 6 9 WQI Tseng Lan 12 Shue 15 100,000 10,000 1,000 JR11 100 E. coli E. 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

JR3 JR6 3 3 6 6 9 9 WQI WQI 12 12 15 15 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 Junk Bay 1,000 1,000

E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 5 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in River Indus, River Beas and River Ganges

GR1 GR2 GR3 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 10,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 coli E. 10 10 10 1 1 1 199119911996 2001 2006 2011 1991 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

IN3 3 6 N 9 WQI 12 15 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 10 River Ganges 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 GR3 Wo Keng Shan

GR1 Hung IN2 Lo Wu Fa 3 Leng Shenzhen River GR2 6 IN1 IN3 9 RB3 WQI IN2 12 Deep Bay RB2 15 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 RB1 1,000 E. coli E. 100 River 10 1 River Beas Indus 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

IN1 3 6 9 WQI 12 15 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

RB1 RB2 RB3 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 6 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Yuen Long Creek, Kam Tin River, Tin Shui Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah

TSR1 TSR2 FVR1 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 coli coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 199119911996 2001 2006 2011 1991 19911996 2001 2006 2011 1991 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

KT2 3 6 N 9 WQI 12 15 10,000,000 Deep Bay 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 10 Fairview 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 FVR1 Park KT1 Nullah 3 6 9 Kam Tin WQI Tin Shui Yuen Long 12 River 15 Creek 10,000,000 Wai Shek Kong 1,000,000 100,000 KT2 10,000 Nullah Wang Chau YL4 1,000 TSR1 coli E. 100 KT1 10 Ha Tsuen YL3 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Ma Tin Tsuen YL4 YL2 3 YL1 6 9 WQI 12 TSR2 15 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

YL1 YL2 YL3 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 100,000,000 1,000,000 100,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 E. coli E. 100 coli E. E. coli coli E. 100 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 7 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Ha Pak Nai Stream, Tai Shui Hang Stream, Pak Nai Stream, Sheung Pak Nai Stream, Ngau Hom Sha Stream and Tsang Kok Stream

DB6 DB5 3 3 6 N 6 9 9 WQI WQI 12 12 15 Deep Bay 15 DB6 Ngau Hom 100,000 Sha Stream 100,000 10,000 Sheung 10,000 DB5 1,000 Pak Nai 1,000 100 Stream 100 E. coli E. coli E. 10 Pak Nai 10 Stream 1 DB3 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

DB3 3 Ha Pak Nai 6 Stream 9 DB1 WQI 12 DB8 DB2 15 Tsamg Kok 10,000 Stream Tai Shui 1,000 Hang Stream 100 E. coli E. 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

DB8 DB2 DB1 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 1,000 1,000 1,000

100 100 100

E. coli E. 10 coli E. 10 coli E. 10

1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 8 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Mui Wo River

MW5 Mui Wo River 3 6 N 9 WQI 12 15 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. 10 1 Lin 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Fa Shan MW5 MW2 Mui Wo Silver Mine 3 Bay MW3 6 MW2 9

MW1 WQI 12 MW4 15 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000

E. coli E. 100 10 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

MW3 MW1 MW4 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 100 E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 coli E. 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 9 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tung Chung River

TC1 TC3 3 3 6 6 9 9 WQI WQI 12 Tung N 12 15 Chung 15 1,000 Wan 100,000 10,000 100 TC3 1,000 100 E. coli E. 10 TC2 coli E. TC1 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Lin Fa TC2 Shan 3 6 9 WQI 12 15 1,000 Nei Lak Shan 100 Tai Tung Tung Chung River coli E. 10 Shan 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 10 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Tuen Mun River

TN4 TN1 3 Tuen Mun River 3 6 6 9 9 WQI WQI N 12 12 15 15 10,000,000 1,000,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000 Lam 100,000 1,000 10,000 E. coli E. 1,000 E. coli coli E. Tei 100 100 10 10 1 TN1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

TN5 TN2 3 TN2 3 6 6

9 WQI 9 WQI 12 12 15 15 10,000,000 TN4 100,000,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 TN5 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 Tuen 1,000 E. coli coli E. TN3 coli E. 100 Mun 100 10 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 TN6 TN6 TN3 3 3 6 6 9 9 WQI WQI 12 12 15 15 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 E. coli coli E. 100 Castle Peak Bay coli coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 11 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Pai Min Kok Stream, Sam Dip Tam Stream and Kau Wa Keng Stream

TW3 TW2 TW1 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

E. coli E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Sam Dip Tam Stream N

TW1 Pai Min Kok Stream Lo Wai TW2

Pai Min Tsuen Wan Kok Village AN2 TW3 AN1 Kwai Chung Anglers’ Beach Kau Wa Keng Stream

Rambler Channel Kau Wa Keng San Tsuen KW3

Lai Chi Kok

AN2 AN1 KW3 3 3 3 6 6 6 9 9 9 WQI WQI WQI 12 12 12 15 15 15 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL)

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 12 Appdendix F

Water Quality Index gradings and E. coli levels in Kai Tak Nullah

KN7 KN3 3 Kai Tak Nullah 3 6 6 9 N 9 WQI WQI 12 KN7 12 15 15 1,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000

E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 1 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

KN5 KN2 3 3 6 KN5 6 9 9 WQI WQI 12 KN4 12 15 15 1,000,000 Kowloon 1,000,000 100,000 City 100,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 KN3 1,000

E. coli E. 100 coli E. 100 10 10 1 KN2 1 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

KN4 Ex-Hong Kong KN1 3 3 6 International Airport 6 9 KN1

WQI 9 WQI 12 O 12 15 ld 15 10,000,000 K a 10,000,000 1,000,000 i 1,000,000 100,000 R T u a 100,000 10,000 k n 10,000 1,000 w A 1,000 E. coli E. a i 100 coli E. y rp 100 10 o r 10 1 t 1 1991 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 19911991 1996 2001 2006 2011

N.B.: WQI Annual Water Quality Index ( Excellent Good Fair Bad Very Bad) E. coli Annual geometric mean E. coli level (cfu/100mL) Disinfection started mid 2010 at Tai Po and Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works

River Water Quality in Hong Kong 2011 F- 13 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Shing Mun River (Main Channel, Siu Lek Yuen Nullah and Fo Tan Nullah) as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Shing Mun River Watercourse Main Siu Lek Yuen Fo Tan Nullah Channel Nullah Monitoring station TR19I TR23L TR23A TR17 TR17L Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L      pH      Suspended solids mg/L     

BOD5 mg/L      COD mg/L      Oil & grease mg/L      E. coli cfu/100mL      Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL      Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L      Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L      Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L      Ortho-phosphate mg/L      Total phosphorus mg/L      Sulphide mg/L      Aluminium µg/L      Cadmium µg/L      Chromium µg/L      Copper µg/L      Lead µg/L      Zinc µg/L      Flow L/s     

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 1 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Shing Mun River (Kwun Yam Shan Stream, Tai Wai Nullah and Tin Sum Nullah) as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Shing Mun River Kwun Watercourse Yam Tin Sum Tai Wai Nullah Shan Nullah Stream Monitoring station KY1 TR19A TR19C TR19 TR20B Monitoring period* 88-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L      pH      Suspended solids mg/L     

BOD5 mg/L      COD mg/L      Oil & grease mg/L      E. coli cfu/100mL      Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL      Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L      Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L      Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L      Ortho-phosphate mg/L      Total phosphorus mg/L      Sulphide mg/L      Aluminium µg/L      Cadmium µg/L      Chromium µg/L      Copper µg/L      Lead µg/L      Zinc µg/L      Flow L/s     

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 2 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Lam Tsuen River and Tai Po River, as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Tai Watercourse Lam Tsuen River Po River Monitoring station TR12H TR12D TR12G TR12F TR12C TR12B TR12E TR12 TR12I TR13 Monitoring period* 88-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 89-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L           pH           Suspended solids mg/L          

BOD5 mg/L           COD mg/L           Oil & grease mg/L           E. coli cfu/100mL           Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL           Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L           Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L           Total Kjeldahl mg/L           nitrogen Ortho-phosphate mg/L           Total phosphorus mg/L           Sulphide mg/L           Aluminium µg/L           Cadmium µg/L           Chromium µg/L           Copper µg/L           Lead µg/L           Zinc µg/L           Flow L/s          

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 3 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Tai Po Kau Stream, Shan Liu Stream and Tung Tze Stream, as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Tai Po Kau Shan Liu Tung Tze Watercourse Stream Stream Stream

Monitoring station TR14 TR4 TR6 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L    pH    Suspended solids mg/L   

BOD5 mg/L    COD mg/L    Oil & grease mg/L    E. coli cfu/100mL    Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL    Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L    Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L    Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L    Ortho-phosphate mg/L    Total phosphorus mg/L    Sulphide mg/L    Aluminium µg/L    Cadmium µg/L    Chromium µg/L    Copper µg/L    Lead µg/L    Zinc µg/L    Flow L/s   

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 4 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Ho Chung River, Sha Kok Mei Stream and Tai Chung Hau Stream, as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Tai Chung Hau Watercourse Ho Chung River Sha Kok Mei Stream Stream Monitoring station PR1 PR2 PR5 PR6 PR7 PR8 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 89-11 89-11 89-11 89-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L       pH       Suspended solids mg/L      

BOD5 mg/L       COD mg/L       Oil & grease mg/L       E. coli cfu/100mL       Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL       Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L       Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L       Total Kjeldahl mg/L       nitrogen Ortho-phosphate mg/L       Total phosphorus mg/L       Sulphide mg/L       Aluminium µg/L       Cadmium µg/L       Chromium µg/L       Copper µg/L       Lead µg/L       Zinc µg/L       Flow L/s      

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 5 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Tseng Lan Shue Stream, as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse Tseng Lan Shue Stream

Monitoring station JR3 JR6 JR11 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L    pH    Suspended solids mg/L   

BOD5 mg/L    COD mg/L    Oil & grease mg/L    E. coli cfu/100mL    Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL    Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L    Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L    Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L    Ortho-phosphate mg/L    Total phosphorus mg/L    Sulphide mg/L    Aluminium µg/L    Cadmium µg/L    Chromium µg/L    Copper µg/L    Lead µg/L    Zinc µg/L    Flow L/s   

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 6 Appendix G

Water quality trends for River Indus, River Beas and River Ganges, as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse River Indus River Beas River Ganges Monitoring station IN1 IN2 IN3 RB1 RB2 RB3 GR1 GR2 GR3 Monitoring period* 87-11 87-11 87-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 87-11 87-11 90-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L          pH          Suspended solids mg/L         

BOD5 mg/L          COD mg/L          Oil & grease mg/L          E. coli cfu/100mL          Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL          Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L          Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L          Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L          Ortho-phosphate mg/L          Total phosphorus mg/L          Sulphide mg/L          Aluminium µg/L          Cadmium µg/L          Chromium µg/L          Copper µg/L          Lead µg/L          Zinc µg/L          Flow L/s         

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 7 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Yuen Long Creek, Kam Tin River, Tin Shui Wai Nullah and Fairview Park Nullah as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Kam Tin Tin Shui Wai Fairview Park Watercourse Yuen Long Creek River Nullah Nullah Monitoring station YL1 YL2 YL3 YL4 KT1 KT2 TSR1 TSR2 FVR1 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 93-11 93-11 93-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L          pH          Suspended solids mg/L         

BOD5 mg/L          COD mg/L          Oil & grease mg/L          E. coli cfu/100mL          Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL          Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L          Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L          Total Kjeldahl mg/L          nitrogen Ortho-phosphate mg/L          Total phosphorus mg/L          Sulphide mg/L          Aluminium µg/L          Cadmium µg/L          Chromium µg/L          Copper µg/L          Lead µg/L          Zinc µg/L          Flow L/s         

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 8 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Ha Pak Nai Stream, Pak Nai Stream, Sheung Pak Nai Stream, Ngau Hom Sha Stream, Tai Shui Hang Stream and Tsang Kok Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Ha Pak Sheung Ngau Hom Tai Shui Pak Nai Tsang Kok Watercourse Nai Pak Nai Sha Hang Stream Stream Stream Stream Stream Stream Monitoring station DB1 DB3 DB5 DB6 DB2 DB8 Monitoring period* 89-11 89-11 89-11 89-11 89-11 90-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L       pH       Suspended solids mg/L      

BOD5 mg/L       COD mg/L       Oil & grease mg/L       E. coli cfu/100mL       Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL       Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L       Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L       Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L       Ortho-phosphate mg/L       Total phosphorus mg/L       Sulphide mg/L       Aluminium µg/L       Cadmium µg/L       Chromium µg/L       Copper µg/L       Lead µg/L       Zinc µg/L       Flow L/s      

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 9 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Mui Wo River as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse Mui Wo River Monitoring station MW1 MW2 MW3 MW4 MW5 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 88-11 88-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendal Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L      pH      Suspended solids mg/L     

BOD5 mg/L      COD mg/L      Oil & grease mg/L      E. coli cfu/100mL      Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL      Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L      Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L      Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L      Ortho-phosphate mg/L      Total phosphorus mg/L      Sulphide mg/L      Aluminium µg/L      Cadmium µg/L      Chromium µg/L      Copper µg/L      Lead µg/L      Zinc µg/L      Flow L/s     

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 10 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Tung Chung River as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse Tung Chung River Monitoring station TC1 TC2 TC3 Monitoring period* 93-11 93-11 93-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L    pH    Suspended solids mg/L   

BOD5 mg/L    COD mg/L    Oil & grease mg/L    E. coli cfu/100mL    Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL    Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L    Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L    Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L    Ortho-phosphate mg/L    Total phosphorus mg/L    Sulphide mg/L    Aluminium µg/L    Cadmium µg/L    Chromium µg/L    Copper µg/L    Lead µg/L    Zinc µg/L    Flow L/s   

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 11 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Tuen Mun River as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse Tuen Mun River Monitoring station TN1 TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L       pH       Suspended solids mg/L      

BOD5 mg/L       COD mg/L       Oil & grease mg/L       E. coli cfu/100mL       Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL       Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L       Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L       Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L       Ortho-phosphate mg/L       Total phosphorus mg/L       Sulphide mg/L       Aluminium µg/L       Cadmium µg/L       Chromium µg/L       Copper µg/L       Lead µg/L       Zinc µg/L       Flow L/s      

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 12 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Pai Min Kok Stream, Sam Dip Tam Stream and Kau Wa Keng Stream as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test Kau Wa Pai Min Kok Watercourse Sam Dip Tam Stream Keng Stream Stream Monitoring station AN1 AN2 TW1 TW2 TW3 KW3 Monitoring period* 88-11 88-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 88-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L       pH       Suspended solids mg/L      

BOD5 mg/L       COD mg/L       Oil & grease mg/L       E. coli cfu/100mL       Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL       Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L       Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L       Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L       Ortho-phosphate mg/L       Total phosphorus mg/L       Sulphide mg/L       Aluminium µg/L       Cadmium µg/L       Chromium µg/L       Copper µg/L       Lead µg/L       Zinc µg/L       Flow L/s      

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 13 Appendix G

Water quality trends for Kai Tak Nullah as analysed by the Seasonal Kendall Test

Watercourse Kai Tak Nullah Monitoring station KN1 KN2 KN3 KN4 KN5 KN7 Monitoring period* 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 86-11 Parameter Unit Results of the Seasonal Kendall Test Dissolved oxygen mg/L       pH       Suspended solids mg/L      

BOD5 mg/L       COD mg/L       Oil & grease mg/L       E. coli cfu/100mL       Faecal coliforms cfu/100mL       Ammonia-nitrogen mg/L       Nitrate-nitrogen mg/L       Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/L       Ortho-phosphate mg/L       Total phosphorus mg/L       Sulphide mg/L       Aluminium µg/L       Cadmium µg/L       Chromium µg/L       Copper µg/L       Lead µg/L       Zinc µg/L       Flow L/s      

Notes: 1.  indicates no significant trend was detected at p < 0.05. 2.  represents an increasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 3.  represents a decreasing trend significant at p < 0.05. 4.  indicates no measurement was taken. 5. * indicates the monitoring period for most of the parameters, a few commenced in different years during the period.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 G - 14 Appendix H

Summary of river water quality improvements in 18 districts

District Improvement Remaining Problem New Territories All factory discharges are now controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Domestic and commercial premises Still affected by are connected to government sewers. Water quality in Kau Wa expedient connections Kwai Tsing Keng Stream improved from “Bad” in 1991 to “Good” in 2011. Its and a small number of E. coli level has been reduced by one third. Sewerage works for unsewered villages villages are being planned. All factory discharges are now controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Domestic and commercial premises are connected to government sewers. Livestock farm discharges eliminated under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme. Sam Dip Tam Stream improved from “Bad” in 1988 to “Excellent” in 2011. Still affected by Its E. coli level has been reduced by two thirds. Pai Min Kok expedient connections Tsuen Wan Stream improved from “Bad” in 1988 to “Good” in 2011. Its E. coli and a small number of level has been reduced by over 90%. Sewerage works at unsewered villages. hinterlands of affected beaches have been completed and progressive connection of unsewered properties to the new public sewers is expected. Sewer provisions for other villages in the area are being planned. All factory discharges are now controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Domestic and commercial premises are connected to government sewers. Livestock farm discharges eliminated under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme. Upstream Tuen Mun River improved from “Very Bad” in 1988 to “Bad” in 2011. Its E. coli level has been reduced by over 90%. Still affected by Midstream and downstream of Tuen Mun River improved from expedient connections Tuen Mun “Bad” in 1988 to “Good” in 2011. The E. coli level has been and unsewered reduced by over 90%. A new trunk sewer to the west of Tuen villages especially in Mun River is under construction for completion by mid 2014. the upstream region. Sewerage works for villages are progressively being planned and implemented. The Pillar Point Sewage Treatment Works are in the process of being upgraded to the chemically enhanced primary treatment level with UV disinfection and upgrading works are to be completed by end 2013. Under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme, most of the farms had ceased operation. Factory discharges are controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Most of the domestic and commercial premises in the urbanized town center are Still affected by connected to government sewers. Yuen Long River and Kam Tin polluted discharges River were both “Very Bad” in 1986 and “Very Bad” and “Bad” from unsewered respectively in 2011. Tin Shui Wai Nullah improved from “Bad” in Yuen Long villages and expedient 1993 to “Fair” or “Good” in 2011. The E. coli level of these rivers discharges from has reduced by over 50%. Trunk sewers, pumping stations, and industrial enterprises village sewerage are being planned and constructed and livestock farms. progressively. The San Wai Sewage Treatment Works will be expanded in anticipation of projected population growth and upgraded together with the Yuen Long Sewage Treatment Works to produce higher quality effluent.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 H - 1 Appendix H

District Improvement Remaining Problem New Territories Under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme, most farms have ceased operation. Factory discharges are controlled under the Still affected by Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Most of the domestic and polluted discharges commercial premises in urbanized town centers are connected to from unsewered government sewers. The downstream stations of River Indus, villages and expedient Beas and Ganges improved from “Very Bad” in 1986 to “Fair” or discharges from North “Bad” in 2011. The E. coli level of these rivers has been reduced industrial enterprises by over 90%. Sewerage works for villages are progressively and livestock farms. being planned and implemented. The Sha Tau Kok and Shek Wu Downstream of River Hui Sewage Treatment Works will be expanded and upgraded to Indus is affected by provide higher quality effluent and in anticipation of projected backflow of Shenzhen population growth and establishment of the New Development River water. Areas. Factory discharges are controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Most of the domestic and commercial premises in urbanized town center are connected to government sewers. Under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme, livestock Still affected by farms have ceased operation. The water quality of downstream polluted discharges Tai Po stations of rivers in the area improved from “Very Bad” in 1986 to from unsewered “Good” in 2011. The E. coli level of these rivers has been reduced villages and expedient by over 90%. Sewerage works for villages are progressively connections. being planned and implemented. The Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works acquired UV disinfection facilities in 2010 and its treatment capacity will be increased to 120,000 m3/d by 2013. Factory discharges are controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Most of the domestic and commercial premises in urbanized town center are connected to government Still affected by sewers. Under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme, livestock polluted discharges farms have ceased operation. The water quality of the Shing Mun Sha Tin from unsewered River main channel improved from “Fair” in 1986 to “Excellent” in villages and expedient 2011. The E. coli level of the river has been reduced by over 90%. connections. Village sewerage is being extended to most of the remaining villages in the area. The Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works acquired UV disinfection facilities in 2010 Factory discharges are now controlled under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. The rural village houses are being connected to government sewers. Under the Livestock Waste Control Still affected by Scheme, livestock farms had ceased operation. The water quality polluted discharges Sai Kung of the rivers has improved from “Bad” in 1991 to “Excellent” or from unsewered “Good” in 2011. The E. coli level has reduced by 80%. Local villages and expedient town and village sewerage improvements are being planned and connections. implemented. Upgrading of the Sai Kung Sewage Treatment Works is in progress. Some of the domestic premises are connected to government sewers. Under the Livestock Waste Control Scheme, the small number of livestock farms have all been closed. Mui Wo River and Tung Chung River have stayed “Excellent” or “Good” Still affected by throughout the years. The E. coli level has been reduced by 90%. discharges from Islands Additional village sewerage and sewage treatment facilities and unsewered villages upgrading of treatment facilities are being planned and provided and some expedient to southern Lantau, Mui Wo, Lamma Island, Cheung Chau and connections. Peng Chau.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 H - 2 Appendix H

District Improvement Remaining Problem Kowloon Yau Tsim The urban area of Kowloon contains few natural watercourses. Mong Factory and restaurant discharges are now controlled under the Sham Shui Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Domestic and commercial Po premises are connected to government sewers. A large number of expedient connections have been rectified. The water quality of Kowloon Mainly affected by the Kai Tak Nullah improved from “Very Bad” in 1986 to City expedient connections, “Excellent” or “Good” in 2011. The E. coli level of the region has rear lane washing Wong Tai been reduced by over 80%. Sewerage improvement works in the activities, urban Sin area are to be implemented. In 2010, the Civil Engineering and run-offs and Development Department commissioned the Kai Tak mis-connections to the Development - Environmental Improvement to Kai Tak Approach storm drain system. Channel. The Upgrading of Central & East Kowloon Sewerage, Kwun phase 1 was completed in August 2012. Phase II of the upgrading Tong works is scheduled to be completed at the end of 2015. Such works would further improve the water quality of the Kai Tak Nullah and adjacent marine water. Hong Kong Island Central Mainly affected by and expedient connections, Western The urban area of Hong Kong contains few natural watercourses. rear lane washing Wan Chai Factory and restaurant discharges are now controlled under the activities, urban Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Domestic and commercial run-offs and Eastern premises are connected to government sewers. A large number mis-connections to the of expedient connections have been rectified. Construction of the storm drain system. Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2A has started in Some streams are Southern July 2009 and expected to complete in 2014. affected by discharges from squatters built near the streams.

River Water Quality in Hong Kong in 2011 H - 3