Africa and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

Africa and the transatlantic slave trade Arm ring trade token, The Manchester Museum, Barbados penny, TheObject University title of Manchester GalleryObject Oldham title Blackamoor, Bolton Museum and The Slave, ArchiveObject Service title People’s History Museum Questions Manilla, 1700s Slave Trade, 1791 West African drum, 1898 The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester The Whitworth Art Gallery, The University of Manchester The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester 1 Why did Europeans enslave Africans to work Manillas were traditional African The trade was described as George Morland was an English This painting was made as a piece This drum was collected in 1898 The drum is made with a piece horseshoe shaped bracelets triangular: ships sailed full of artist who did two paintings known of propaganda. It is not based in Ilorin, Nigeria. It was given to of manufactured cotton fabric, on plantations? made of metals such as iron, ‘exchange’ goods such as manillas, as ‘Slave Trade’ and ‘African on actual events, but represents Salford Museum and was described probably made in Britain, and bronze, copper and very rarely metals, clothing, guns and alcohol Hospitality’. He was inspired by a dramatisation of selling enslaved as ‘both rare and special and possibly in Manchester. 2 How did they justify this? gold. Decorative manillas were from Britain to Africa. Enslaved a friend’s poem to paint images Africans. European slave traders very difficult to get hold of’. The fact that British goods worn to show wealth and status Africans were transported across of slavery. The movement to end capture an African man, and Drums were a very important part became integral parts of African 3 What was life like in Africa? in Africa. the Atlantic to the Americas. The raw slavery started in Britain in the 1790s. a woman is led to a boat where of musical traditions in Africa and objects shows how complex materials enslaved Africans grew on there is a person weeping. The Europeans used them as a form This print was a reproduction of continued to be used by enslaved the transatlantic slave trade was 4 What effect would losing so many people plantations such as sugar, tobacco African trader under the tree, of currency in west Africa to buy Morland’s painting made to help Africans on plantations in the between Britain and west Africa. and cotton were brought back to negotiating with the slave ship’s have on Africa? and enslave African people. raise awareness of slavery and Caribbean and the Americas. Britain where they were processed. captain, looks on. Cotton goods produced in They manufactured them in the need for abolition. It was They were used in music, dance Manchester were in demand in 5 Why was the transatlantic slave trade so profitable Britain, especially around Bristol Historians estimate that at least published in Paris in 1794, at the The dog used to keep enslaved and religious ceremonies as well west Africa during the 1700s and for Britain? and Birmingham, based on African 12 million Africans were removed height of the French Revolution. Africans under control is in contrast as to send messages. 1800s where they were traded for designs. Different styles and metals by force during the transatlantic The French abolished slavery in to the chained people. The animal Enslaved Africans used drum people through African middlemen. 6 How did Africans help to enslave their had different values. One source slave trade. Many millions died 1794 as part of the fight for equality, has more freedom than the African beats to signal the start of revolts, stated that in 1505 one manilla when they were captured and but Napoleon reintroduced slavery men, women and children who own people? including the revolution in Haiti was worth a big elephant tooth transported. Europeans dominated in 1802 and it was not abolished were traded as goods. which led to its independence. and eight to ten manillas would the trade in enslaved Africans using in French colonies until 1848. For this reason drums were banned buy an African person to enslave. the power of guns. They justified in some Caribbean islands. enslaving Africans claiming that they were ‘uncivilised’. Manilla, 1700s © The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester Slave Trade, 1791 © The Whitworth Art Gallery, The University of Manchester West African drum, 1898 © The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester Cotton and transatlantic slavery Traite des Nègres, Study for Slave Hold, The Whitworth Art Gallery, © The estate of Sir Jacob Epstein The University of Manchester Mrs Rosa Samuel and her three daughters, Slave chain fabric, The Whitworth Art Gallery, Museum of Science & Industry The University of Manchester Questions Two cotton cops, 1735, 1885 The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1830 Union patriotic envelope, 1861 Gallery Oldham Museum of Science & Industry Museum of Science & Industry 1 How was cotton linked to the transatlantic A cotton cop is a cone with cotton The cop on the right was made at The Liverpool and Manchester New technology and machinery This envelope was published in (But between you and I, thread or yarn spun around it on Marsland Mill. The older cop on the Railway opened on 15 September in the 1700s and 1800s helped New York in 1861, at the start of the that’s all fiddle-de-dee:) slave trade? a spindle. These two cotton cops left was only discovered when an 1830, with stations at Liverpool revolutionise the British cotton American Civil War. Both the northern She cannot, O Cotton! were framed by William Mannock to old warehouse in Manchester was Road, Manchester and Edge Hill. industry. As more and more raw anti-slavery Union and southern she cannot rule thee. 2 How were raw and manufactured cotton celebrate the long history of cotton redeveloped in 1882. It was the world’s first inter-city cotton was processed in the mills pro-slavery Confederate states spinning in the north west of England. passenger railway. As well as in and around Manchester, more published illustrated envelopes from Lo! Manchester’s lordling products transported? The early cop is spun from cotton carrying people, the railway was Africans were enslaved to work the 1850s as political propaganda thy greatness shall own, Mannock was the owner of that was picked by enslaved African important for carrying goods. on the plantations in the southern to support their cause. Over 4,100 3 Why did so many people work in cotton factories Marsland Mill in Oldham, which had workers in America. The raw cotton states of America. different envelope designs were And yield more to thee than around Greater Manchester? over 40,000 spindles and employed came to England as part of the In December 1830, American produced, with versions published in he would to the Throne: 400 people. Mannock gave the triangular trade associated with cotton grown by enslaved Africans By 1860 over 88% of the cotton most of the major cities, especially 4 How important was slave-grown cotton to the cotton cops for the opening display slavery. The 1885 cotton was was part of the first consignment imported into Britain came from For before thee shall bend New York and Boston. north west of England? of Oldham’s Free Library, Museum probably picked by free African of goods transported by the the labour of enslaved Africans in his fat marrow-bone, and Art Gallery in 1885 to reflect the Americans who were the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. America. Slavery was only abolished Slavery was a common theme as And deaf be his ear to the 5 Where does cotton come from today? wealth the cotton trade brought to descendants of enslaved people. The need to move large amounts in America in 1865, although it had the northern Union states wanted to live chattel’s groan. the town. Slavery was abolished in America of cotton was a major factor in the ended in the 1830s in the British abolish it and the southern cotton in 1865. development of transport in the colonies in the Caribbean. growing Confederate states wanted The words suggest that wealthy The two cops were made 150 north west of England. Canals were it to continue. English traders valued American years apart but both yarns are You can see the original Liverpool the main form of transport in the cotton extremely highly. The images made to the same fineness and and Manchester Railway train tracks The verse called ‘Cotton is King!’ early 1800s until the expansion of reinforce the poem. John Bull, from the same raw material, and passenger station at the mentions Manchester and says: the railway network. the stereotypical Briton, is showing American cotton. In 1735, before Museum of Science and Industry, Old England is mighty; respect to a cotton bale whilst large-scale mechanisation, spinning MOSI, in Castlefield, Manchester. Old England is free; kneeling on an enslaved African, was ‘put out’ and people did the showing what was more important work at home. By 1885, there were She boasts that she ruleth to him. hundreds of mills across Lancashire. the waves of the sea; Two cotton cops, 1735, 1885 © Gallery Oldham The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1830 © Museum of Science & Industry Union patriotic envelope, 1861 © Museum of Science & Industry Local cotton industries in Greater Manchester Horizontal condensing engine, Manchester warehouses, Museum of Science & Industry © Richard Weltman Lancashire loom used at Pennington Mill, Manchester Royal Exchange, Museum of Science & Industry © Richard Weltman Questions Crompton’s Mule, 1802 Souvenir cotton bale, 1884 Manchester Royal Exchange, 1877 Bolton Museum and Archive Service Gallery Oldham Manchester Art Gallery 1 How important were machines to the Samuel Crompton developed he became a local hero in Bolton, Throughout the 1800s most of Slave-grown cotton from the Manchester was the world’s first The original Manchester Exchange his first spinning mule in 1779.

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