DOCSLIB.ORG

5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations MUMBAI SILICON VALLEY BANGALORE SINGAPORE MUMBAI BKC NEW DELHI MUNICH NEW YORK Research MUMBAI SILICON VALLEY BANGALORE 93 B, Mittal Court, Nariman Point 220 S California Ave., Suite 201 Prestige Loka, G01, 7/1 Brunton Rd 5G Technology Mumbai 400 021, India Palo Alto, California 94306, USA Bangalore 560 025, India Tel +91 22 6669 5000 Tel +1 650 325 7100 Tel +91 80 6693 5000 Fax +91 22 6669 5001 Fax +1 650 325 7300 Fax +91 80 6693 5001 in India SINGAPORE MUMBAI BKC NEW DELHI Level 30, Six Battery Road 3, North Avenue, Maker Maxity C–5, Defence Colony Singapore 049 909 Bandra–Kurla Complex New Delhi 110 024, India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Mumbai 400 051, India Tel +65 6550 9856 Considerations Tel +91 11 4906 5000 Tel +91 22 6159 5000 Fax +91 11 4906 5001 Fax +91 22 6159 5001 October 2020 MUNICH NEW YORK Maximilianstraße 13 375 Park Ave Suite 2607 80539 Munich, Germany New York, NY 10152 Tel +49 89 203 006 268 Tel +1 212 763 0080 Fax +49 89 203 006 450 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 [email protected] © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 www.nishithdesai.com 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal And Regulatory Considerations October 2020 [email protected] DMS Code - 570057,1: © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations About NDA We are an India Centric Global law firm (www.nishithdesai.com) with four offices in India and the only law firm with license to practice Indian law from our Munich, Singapore, Palo Alto and New York offices. We are a firm of specialists and the go-to firm for companies that want to conduct business in India, navigate its complex business regulations and grow. Over 70% of our clients are foreign multinationals and over 84.5% are repeat clients. Our reputation is well regarded for handling complex high value transactions and cross border litigation; that prestige extends to engaging and mentoring the start-up community that we passionately support and encourage. We also enjoy global recognition for our research with an ability to anticipate and address challenges from a strategic, legal and tax perspective in an integrated way. In fact, the framework and standards for the Asset Management industry within India was pioneered by us in the early 1990s, and we continue remain respected industry experts. We are a research based law firm and have just set up a first-of-its kind IoT-driven Blue Sky Thinking & Research Campus named Imaginarium AliGunjan (near Mumbai, India), dedicated to exploring the future of law & society. We are consistently ranked at the top as Asia’s most innovative law practice by Financial Times. NDA is renowned for its advanced predictive legal practice and constantly conducts original research into emerging areas of the law such as Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Designer Babies, Flying Cars, Autonomous vehicles, IoT, AI & Robotics, Medical Devices, Genetic Engineering amongst others and enjoy high credibility in respect of our independent research and assist number of ministries in their policy and regulatory work. The safety and security of our client’s information and confidentiality is of paramount importance to us. To this end, we are hugely invested in the latest security systems and technology of military grade. We are a socially conscious law firm and do extensive pro-bono and public policy work. We have significant diversity with female employees in the range of about 49% and many in leadership positions. © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 Provided upon request only Accolades A brief chronicle our firm’s global acclaim for its achievements and prowess through the years – Benchmark Litigation Asia-Pacific: Tier 1 for Government & Regulatory and Tax 2020, 2019, 2018 Legal500: Tier 1 for Tax, Investment Funds, Labour & Employment, TMT and Corporate M&A 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 Chambers and Partners Asia Pacific: Band 1 for Employment, Lifesciences, Tax and TMT 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 IFLR1000: Tier 1 for Private Equity and Project Development: Telecommunications Networks. 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2014 AsiaLaw Asia-Pacific Guide 2020: Tier 1 (Outstanding) for TMT, Labour & Employment, Private Equity, Regulatory and Tax FT Innovative Lawyers Asia Pacific 2019 Awards: NDA ranked 2nd in the Most Innovative Law Firm category (Asia-Pacific Headquartered) RSG-Financial Times: India’s Most Innovative Law Firm 2019, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 Who’s Who Legal 2019: Nishith Desai, Corporate Tax and Private Funds – Thought Leader Vikram Shroff, HR and Employment Law- Global Thought Leader Vaibhav Parikh, Data Practices - Thought Leader (India) Dr. Milind Antani, Pharma & Healthcare – only Indian Lawyer to be recognized for ‘Life sciences- Regulatory,’ for 5 years consecutively Merger Market 2018: Fastest growing M&A Law Firm in India Asia Mena Counsel’s In-House Community Firms Survey 2018: The only Indian Firm recognized for Life Sciences IDEX Legal Awards 2015: Nishith Desai Associates won the “M&A Deal of the year”, “Best Dispute Management lawyer”, “Best Use of Innovation and Technology in a law firm” and “Best Dispute Management Firm” © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations Please see the last page of this paper for the most recent research papers by our experts. Disclaimer This report is a copy right of Nishith Desai Associates. No reader should act on the basis of any statement contained herein without seeking professional advice. The authors and the firm expressly disclaim all and any liability to any person who has read this report, or otherwise, in respect of anything, and of consequences of anything done, or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance upon the contents of this report. Contact For any help or assistance please email us on [email protected] or visit us at www.nishithdesai.com Acknowledgements Dr. Mihir Parikh [email protected] Vaibhav Parikh [email protected] Puja Saha [email protected] Siddhartha Sarangal contributed to an earlier version of this paper. © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations Contents SUMMARY 01 1. INTRODUCTION 02 2. 5G TECHNOLOGY 04 I. Evolution of Wireless Standards 04 II. 5G Frequency Spectrum 05 III. Open Radio Access Network 06 IV. Benefits Over Traditional RAN 07 V. O-RAN Alliance 07 VI. Telecom Infra Project (“TIP”) 08 VII. Associated Technologies 09 VIII. Pros and Cons 09 IX. 5G and Health Risks 10 X. Standards-setting Agencies 12 3. APPLICATIONS 13 I. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (“EMBB”) 13 II. Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (“URLLC”) 13 III. Massive Machine Type Communications (“MMTC”) 13 IV. Sector-Specific Applications 13 V. Internet of Things (“IoT”) 13 VI. Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) 13 VII. Media and Entertainment 13 VIII. Telemedicine 14 IX. Communications 14 X. Gaming 14 XI. Autonomous Vehicles 14 XII. Smart Cities 14 4. EVOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY IN 15 INDIA 15 History I. 16 II. National Digital Communications Policy, 2018 17 5. REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 17 I. Key Regulations 18 Regulatory Agencies II. 18 Spectrum Allocation III. 20 IV. Plans For 5G © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations 6. KEY CONSIDERATIONS 22 I. Standards 23 II. Spectrum Availability 23 III. Infrastructure Investments 24 IV.Workforce Availability 24 V. Location of 5G Equipment 25 VI.National Security 25 VII. Law Enforcement 26 VIII.Network Security 27 IX. Data Protection & Privacy 28 X. Effects on Other Critical Applications 29 XI. Environmental and Societal Impact 29 7. CONCLUSION 30 © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 5G Technology in India Strategic, Legal and Regulatory Considerations Summary 5G technology will usher in a much greater revolution than itself. At the base level, it will significantly increase the capacity and reach of existing mobile networks through greater data throughput and ultralow latency. But in a larger sense, 5G will become the backbone of many fourth industrial revolution (IR4) technologies like Artificial intelligence, augmented reality/virtual reality, drones, internet of things, telemedicine, and autonomous vehicles. Many kinds of devices, billions in number, will be connected to each other through 5G and offer the kind of capabilities and user experience never seen before. Our businesses and lives will change forever. And India is not staying behind in this revolution. In this paper, we provide a primer on 5G technology in non-technical terms, overview of extended 5G applications for various sectors, the regulatory landscape for 5G in India, and finally outline various important strategic, policy, regulatory, technical and behavioral considerations. * Prepared by the 5G Practice Core Team of Nishith Desai Associates Dr. Mihir Parikh: Leads Strategic Legal Consulting from Silicon Valley office in Palo Alto, California. Vaibhav Parikh: Leads the Technology, M&A, Private Equity, Blockchain and Virtual Currencies practice and heads NDA’s US operations from New York office. Puja Saha: Member of Technology, Media & Telecommunications team based in New Delhi, India. Acknowledgement: Siddhartha Sarangal contributed to an earlier version of this paper. © Nishith Desai Associates 2020 1 Provided upon request only 1. Introduction The number of mobile users worldwide and In India, the mobile telecommunications their data needs have increased exponentially market has recently undergone a tectonic shift. over the last two decades. In the same The market has become highly competitive time period, we have seen tremendous with the introduction of new players offering improvements in mobile technologies. cheaper and better voice and data plans to However, the existing mobile technologies consumers with better coverage. This has led to are reaching their peaks. As more people and a price war affecting all mobile operators. Their devices continue to join the network, the service profits have gone down and debts have gone up.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phone User Guide
    Phone User Guide MOTOSLVRTM L7c by Motorola® www.sprint.com © 2006 Sprint Nextel. All rights reserved. SPRINT, the “Going Forward” logo, the NEXTEL name and logo, and other trademarks are trademarks of Sprint Nextel. Printed in the U.S.A. Motorola, Inc. Consumer Advocacy Office 1307 East Algonquin Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 www.hellomoto.com 1-800-331-6456 (United States) 1-888-390-6456 (TTY/TDD United States for hearing impaired) 1-800-461-4575 (Canada) Certain mobile phone features are dependent on the capabilities and settings of your service provider’s network. Additionally, certain features may not be activated by your service provider, and/or the provider's network settings may limit the feature’s functionality. Always contact your service provider about feature availability and functionality. All features, functionality, and other product specifications, as well as the information contained in this user's guide are based upon the latest available information and are believed to be accurate at the time of printing. Motorola reserves the right to change or modify any information or specifications without notice or obligation. © Motorola, Inc., 2006. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Software Copyright Notice The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola and third-party software stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola and third-party software providers certain exclusive rights for copyrighted software, such as the exclusive rights to distribute or reproduce the copyrighted software.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Features Driving Mobile Phone Usage by Students in Kenya
    INNOVATIVE FEATURES DRIVING MOBILE PHONE USAGE BY STUDENTS IN KENYA Richard K. Ronoh1, Samuel Mbugua2 and Franklin Wabwoba3 1,2,3 School of Computing and Informatics, Kibabii University, Kenya Abstract-Mobile phone adoption and usage enjoyed drastic and exponential success as far as the history of technology adoption goes. However, there are indications that users are becoming overwhelmed by the unconstraint addition of features and services to the mobile phone guided by the assumption that “more is better”. Currently, mobile phone features present a range of innovations that are rarely useful to majority of users. The result is that many mobile phone features are never used and yet these features significantly contribute to power consumption and cost of the mobile phone. This study investigated innovative phone features that influence mobile phone usage patterns amongst university students in Kenya. In this descriptive analytical study 310 students were selected. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interviews. An average of 24% of respondents indicated that they used most of the features provided by their mobile phones. Provision of appropriate educational programs about beneficial use of mobile phone is quite crucial. Keywords-Mobile phone features, usage patterns, feature clusters I. INTRODUCTION In the 21st century the mobile phone is an indispensible part of everyday life, only found strange when it is absent. Mobile phones are found to be very popular among university students, increasing their social inclusion and correctedness as well as providing a sense of security as they can contact others in times of distress. Kleijnen, et at. ( 2004), economic, social and ergonomic factors are competing to determine the features and functionality included in the design of mobile phone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture of Iphones on Stanford Campus Morgan G
    Managing Mobile Multitasking: The Culture of iPhones on Stanford Campus Morgan G. Ames Department of Communication Stanford University [email protected] ABSTRACT them either iPhones or Android devices [20]. However, there This paper discusses three concepts that govern technosocial is still little scholarship that examines smartphone use practices among university students with iPhones. First is the specifically. This paper explores the rules, etiquette, and social expectation of constant connection that requires practices that governed the use of iPhones on campus, which multitasking to achieve. Second is the resulting technosocial tended to balance two competing desires. On one hand, pecking order of who gets interrupted or ignored for whom. students reported social expectations of constant connection , Third is the way that many students push back against these which often led to heavy multitasking, emphasized by demands with techno-resistance , deliberately curtailing iPhones but also enabled by other mobile phones, laptops, constant connection to reduce the negative effects of and other devices. On the other hand, two-thirds of students multitasking, in spite of the risk of social censure. These practiced techno-resistance , actively setting boundaries or concepts are developed from interviews with 57 students, 30 disconnecting from their iPhones and other devices. This let hours of field observations, and a survey of 177 students on them minimize the negative cognitive effects of multitasking Stanford campus, which in particular explored iPhone use. and reinforce personal identities and values opposing This research concludes that so-called “digital natives” must constant connection. This latter finding in particular presents still navigate familiar social dynamics and personal desires, a contrasting perspective to the often celebratory tone of both online and off.
    [Show full text]
  • XP8 Bell Canada User Guide English
    XP8 USER GUIDE © 2018 by Sonim Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENT GENERAL INFORMATION Congratulations on the purchase of a Sonim XP8 (XP8800) mobile phone! This phone is LTE smartphone Copyright © 2018 Sonim Technologies, Inc. enabled and has an intuitive feature-rich user interface, Sonim and the Sonim logo are trademarks of Sonim which allows you to make the best use of offered Technologies, Inc. Other company and product names functions. may be trademarks or registered trade-marks of the respective owners with whom they are associated. PHONE MODELS COVERED THIRD PARTY TRADEMARKS This user guide covers Sonim XP8 phone with the model number XP8800. The model name can be seen on Google, Android, Google Calendar, Google Now, Google backside of the phone. Play and other marks are trademarks of Google Inc. Disposal of Old Electrical and Electronic Equipment SONIM SUPPORT INFORMATION The symbol of the crossed-out wheeled For additional product and support information, visit bin indicates that within the countries in the www.sonimtech.com. European Union, this product, and any en- hancements marked with this symbol, cannot USE THE GUIDE EFFECTIVELY be disposed as unsorted waste but must be Familiarize yourself with the terminology and symbols taken to separate collection at their end- of- used in the guide to help you use your phone effectively. life. DISPOSAL OF BATTERY HOME This is the screen displayed when the SCREEN phone is in standby mode. Please check local regulations for disposal of batteries. The battery should never be placed TOUCH & Touch and hold an item on the screen by in municipal waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Evolution •..••••.•.•...•....•.•..•.•••••••...••••••.•••.••••••.••.•.••.••••••• 4
    Department of Justice ,"'''''''''<11 Bureau of Investigation ,Operational Technology Division WIRELESS EVDLUTIDN IN THIS Iselil-it:: .. WIRELESS EVOLUTIDN I!I TECH BYTES • LONG TERM EVOLUTIQN ill CLDUD SERVICES • 4G TECHNOLOGY ill GESTURE-RECOGNITION • FCC ON BROADBAND • ACTIVITY-BASED NAVIGATION 'aw PUIi! I' -. q f. 8tH'-.1 Waa 8RI,. (!.EIi/RiW81 R.d-nl)) - 11 - I! .el " Ij MESSAGE FROM MANAGEMENT b7E he bou~~aries of technology are constantly expanding. develop technical tools to combat threats along the Southwest Recognizing the pathway of emerging technology is Border. a key element to maintaining relevance in a rapidly changing technological environment. While this The customer-centric approach calls for a high degree of T collaboration among engineers, subject matter experts (SMEs), proficiency is fundamentally important in developing strategies that preserve long-term capabilities in the face of emerging and the investigator to determine needs and requirements. technologies, equally important is delivering technical solutions To encourage innovation, the technologists gain a better to meet the operational needs of the law enforcement understanding of the operational and investigative needs customer in a dynamic 'threat' environment. How can technical and tailor the technology to fit the end user's challenges. law enforcement organizations maintain the steady-state Rather than developing solutions from scratch, the customer­ production of tools and expertise for technical collection, while centric approach leverages and modifies the technoloe:v to infusing ideas and agility into our organizations to improve our fit the customer's nFlFlrt~.1 ability to deliver timely, relevant, and cutting edge tools to law enforcement customers? Balancing these two fundamentals through an effective business strategy is both a challenge and an opportunity for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and other Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do Customers Really Seek from Their Mobile Service Providers?
    What Do Customers Really Seek From Their Mobile Service Providers? A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Telecommunications State University of New York (SUNY) Polytechnic Institute at Utica/Rome By Deepa Ramkrishna December 2016 i Abstract With the number of smartphone and wireless internet users set to increase at a rapid pace over the next few years, there is an increased need for a next generation mobile wireless technology such as 5G. Before discussing 5G, it is important to understand consumer needs today. This paper includes findings from an online survey that was administered to students and alums of SUNY Polytechnic and other universities in the US to understand what drives choice of mobile service providers. Additionally, the challenges faced by consumers with respect to their mobile and wireless use were tested and the improvements they seek was sought. The author then uses secondary research to understand if 5G will address these consumer needs and facilitate other commercial applications. While consumers might be fairly satisfied with their mobile service providers today, there is still room for improvement on some aspects such as network coverage, call quality and data speed. Implementation of 5G through efficient spectrum use and technologies such as Massive MIMO and MmWave will help address the above and also facilitate broader commercial applications in multiple industries such as driverless cars, smart cities etc. iv Acknowledgement The research that has gone into this thesis has been thoroughly enjoyable. That enjoyment is largely a result of the interaction that I have had with my supervisors.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Safety How to Keep Your Children Safe and Connected in Today’S Mobile World
    FAMILY GUIDE TO Mobile Safety How to keep your children safe and connected in today’s mobile world PREPARED BY: SPONSORED BY: • Does your child know how to budget an allow­ Mobile Phone Features ance? If so, your child might be ready to handle Kids use smartphones for more than making limits on text messages, minutes, and apps. calls and searching for online content. If you • Does your child display good manners in pub­ decide your child is ready for a smartphone, lic? If so, your child might be ready to use a cell consider the many features that are available phone with courtesy and consideration toward and determine which are right for your family. others. • Texting: It’s how kids communicate, but It’s OK to say “not yet.” If your child wants a cell even adults struggle with the distraction of text­ phone but isn’t ready, consider setting some goals ing. Can your child resist constantly checking for him to achieve as a way of earning a phone. for texts? • Photos and videos: Kids love taking photos and videos of themselves and their friends. They can instantly post photos on Facebook or text them to all their friends. Is your child mature enough to know which photos and videos are 22% appropriate to share? of kids say they’ve been • Social networking: Facebook, Tumblr, bullied via text message.* Instagram, Twitter. The social networking sites your child enjoys at home will now be accessible via smartphone anytime, any day. Basic cell phone or smartphone? • GPS technology: Many families love know ­ Many kids start with an inexpensive cell phone ing where their children are thanks to GPS and work their way toward a smartphone as they technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Devices.Pdf
    Chapter X2 On the Move with the Mobile Web: Libraries and Mobile Technologies Ellyssa Kroski Mobile Devices hoosing a cell phone today is an intricate process The lines of delineation between types of mobile that involves researching mobile devices, manu- phones are becoming increasingly amorphous, as hybrid Cfacturers, carriers, available features, and package phones now offer crossover in form and functionality. plans. It can seem overwhelming to the uninitiated. Still, The T-Mobile Sidekick is a camera phone with a built- with a little priming, almost everyone can manage to make in MP3 player that offers games, e-mail, IM, a mini SD a smart and informed decision on their next device. memory slot, and a full QWERTY keyboard. The sleek BlackBerry Pearl looks like a typical bar phone, but this compact model offers smartphone functionality, including Mobile Phone Devices Web access, e-mail, and expandable memory. In short, cell phones are offering much more functionality than mere There are many different types, styles, and models of voice capabilities at this point, and the size and shape of mobile phones available on the market today. They range the phone is no longer an indication of its potential. from smartphones and PDAs to camera phones and Another phone that could be considered a hybrid multimedia phones to touchscreens, with much overlap is the touchscreen smartphone, such as the HTC Touch, between them. which lets users interact with the device by touching the The standard-size “flip” “slider” and “candy bar” style screen or using a stylus. The most recognizable touch- phones, such as the Motorola RAZR and Samsung’s screen mobile device to date is the iPhone.
    [Show full text]
  • " Get a Free Item Pack with Every Activation!"--Do Incentives Increase the Adoption Rates of Two-Factor Authentication?
    ... ...; aop ... Karoline Busse*, Sabrina Amft, Daniel Hecker, and Emanuel von Zezschwitz “Get a Free Item Pack with Every Activation!” Do Incentives Increase the Adoption Rates of Two-Factor Authentication? https://doi.org/..., Received ...; accepted ... Abstract: Account security is an ongoing issue in practice. Two-Factor Authen- tication (2FA) is a mechanism which could help mitigate this problem, however adoption is not very high in most domains. Online gaming has adopted an in- teresting approach to drive adoption: Games offer small rewards such as visual modifications to the player’s avatar’s appearance, if players utilize 2FA. Inthis paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of these incentives and investigate how they can be applied to non-gaming contexts. We conducted two surveys, one recruiting gamers and one recruiting from a general population. In addition, we conducted three focus group interviews to evaluate various incentive designs for both, the gaming context and the non-gaming context. We found that visual modifications, which are the most popular type of gaming-related incentives, are not as popular in non-gaming contexts. However, our design explorations indicate that well-chosen incentives have the potential to lead to more users adopting 2FA, even outside of arXiv:1910.07269v1 [cs.CR] 16 Oct 2019 the gaming context. Keywords: Two-Factor Authentication, Incentives, Gamification, Usable Security, Authentication, User Research PACS: ... Communicated by: ... Dedicated to ... *Corresponding author: Karoline Busse, Daniel Hecker, University of Bonn Sabrina Amft, Leibniz University Hannover Emanuel von Zezschwitz, University of Bonn & Fraunhofer FKIE 2 Busse, Amft, Hecker, von Zezschwitz (a) (b) Fig. 1: Examples of incentives for adopting 2FA.
    [Show full text]
  • Libraries and Mobile Technologies
    On the Move with the Mobile Web: Libraries and Mobile Technologies Ellyssa Kroski http://www.ellyssakroski.com Kroski, Ellyssa On the Move with the Mobile Web: Libraries and Mobile Technologies Chapter One: What is the Mobile Web?............................................................................................3 The Mobile Web Defined.............................................................................................................. 3 Who Are the Early Adopters? ....................................................................................................... 3 What Are People Doing with Their Mobile Devices? .................................................................. 4 Benefits of the Mobile Web .......................................................................................................... 6 Mobile Web Challenges ................................................................................................................ 6 Mobile Web Resources & Reports................................................................................................ 7 Notes ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Mobile Devices ............................................................................................................. 10 Mobile Phone Devices ................................................................................................................ 10 Mobile Phone Manufacturers.......................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • "Cell Phone" Redirects Here. for the Film, See Cell Phone (Film). for the Handphone Film, See Handphone (Film)
    "Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). For the Handphone film, see Handphone (film). The Galaxy Nexus, an example of a smartphone A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 1 kg.[1] In 1983, theDynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. In the twenty years from 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. [2][3][4][5] Contents [hide] • 1 History • 2 Features o 2.1 Text messaging o 2.2 SIM card • 3 Mobile phone operators • 4 Manufacturers • 5 Use of mobile phones o 5.1 In general o 5.2 For distributing content o
    [Show full text]
  • What Motivates Older Adults to Learn to Use Mobile Phones
    What Motivates Older Adults to Learn to Use Mobile Phones Charlotte Tang, Rock Leung, Shathel Haddad and Joanna McGrenere Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia scctang/rockl/shathel/[email protected] ABSTRACT phones may have contributed to their reduced desire to Older adults have been relatively slow to adopt mobile learn advanced features in that study. phones and services. This may be due to their perceived Yet, mobile phones have been perceived to have a positive limited needs for using mobile phones resulting in low impact on personal independence [1] and self-image [12]. motivation, and also to the learning difficulties they Safety and security have also been recognized as the most encounter. We present a field study with six participants important reasons for motivating mobile phone adoption that employed mixed qualitative methods: longitudinal among older people [10]. Thus mobile phones’ perceived contextual interviews, a semi-structured event-driven usefulness, and the users’ self-actualization and enjoyment journal, and phone interviews, to investigate how older were regarded as important factors for motivating older adults learn to use a feature-rich mobile phone. Trial-and- adults to use mobile phones [3]. error and the device’s instruction manual were evenly preferred by participants to learn to use the Smartphone Further, the findings regarding older adults' preferences for provided in the study. We identify several factors that could different learning methods have been mixed. Leung’s (de)motivate their learning. Offering a simple task list, for survey study showed that the manual was the preferred example, surprisingly provided substantial motivation.
    [Show full text]