Synergies Between Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: a Working Paper Based on Remap 2030

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Synergies Between Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: a Working Paper Based on Remap 2030 SYNERGIES BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY A WORKING PAPER BASED ON REMAP 2030 AUGUST 2015 WORKING PAPER Copyright © IRENA and C2E2 2015 Unless otherwise indicated, the material in this publication may be used freely, shared or reprinted, so long as IRENA and C2E2 are acknowledged as the source. About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. IRENA serves as the Renewable Energy Hub for the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative. About C2E2 The Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency (C2E2) is a research and advisory institution dedicated to accelerating the uptake of energy efficiency policies, programmes and actions globally. C2E2 serves as the Energy Efficiency Hub of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Initiative. The Centre’s prime responsibility is to support SE4All’s objective of doubling the global rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030. Acknowledgements This working paper has benefited from the valuable comments of Benoit Lebot from the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC); Ruud Kempener and Elizabeth Press from IRENA; and Jyoti P. Painuly and Timothy Clifford Farrell from C2E2. This report was also reviewed during the REmap Action Teams event held in the margins of the ninth meeting of the IRENA Council in June 2015. Authors IRENA: Dolf Gielen, Deger Saygin and Nicholas Wagner C2E2: Ksenia Petrichenko and Aristeidis Tsakiris For further information or to provide feedback, please contact the REmap team at IRENA ([email protected]) and C2E2 ([email protected]). Report citation IRENA and C2E2 (2015), Synergies between renewable energy and energy efficiency, Working paper, IRENA, Abu Dhabi and C2E2, Copenhagen. Disclaimer This publication and the material featured herein are provided “as is”, for informational purposes. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA and C2E2 to verify the reliability of the material featured in this publication. Neither IRENA and C2E2 nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers or licensors provides any warranty, including as to the accuracy, completeness, or fitness for a particular purpose or use of such material, or regarding the non-infringement of third-party rights, and they accept no responsibility or liability with regard to the use of this publication and the material featured herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the Members of IRENA, nor is it an endorsement of any project, product or service provider. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA or C2E2 concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ii LIST OF TABLES�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii LIST OF BOXES ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii KEY FINDINGS �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 1 INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4 2 BACKGROUND ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 2�1 Energy efficiency ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 2�2 Renewable energy �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 2�3 Accounting of energy demand �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 2�4 Synergies between renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies ��������������������������������������������8 2�5 Total investment needs �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 3 METHODOLOGY �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 3�1 Overview ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 3�2 Input data and assumptions ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 4 RESULTS ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 4�1 Potential of accelerated renewable energy deployment with business-as-usual energy efficiency improvements ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 4�2 Potential of energy efficiency improvements with business-as-usual renewable energy deployment����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 4�3 Potential of accelerated renewables deployment and energy efficiency improvements, and their synergies and trade-offs������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 5 ANSWERS TO POLICY-RELEVANT QUESTIONS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 5�1 What are the synergies between energy efficiency and renewable energy? �������������������������������������� 32 5�2 Are there trade-offs between renewable energy and energy efficiency? ���������������������������������������������35 5�3 How much will the policies aiming for these synergies cost, and will the combined policies be easier to implement? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 5�4 What are the different indicators for measuring progress towards the SE4All objectives? �����������38 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 REFERENCES ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Working Paper i List of Figures Figure 1: Renewable energy share in 2010, the 2030 Reference Case and REmap 2030 for selected countries and the world �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 Figure 2: Energy intensity in 2010, the 2030 Reference Case and REmap 2030 for selected countries �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 Figure 3: Change in TFEC between 2010 and 2030 and related energy savings from the implementation of REmap Options for selected countries ���������������������������������������������������������������������20 Figure 4: Energy savings from REmap Options by sector for selected countries ���������������������������������������������21 Figure 5: TPES in 2010 and 2030 for selected regions in the Reference and Efficiency cases for selected countries.....................................................................................................................................................23 Figure 6: Energy intensities in 2010 and 2030 in the Reference and Efficiency cases for selected countries ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25
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