February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 313 - 1

CLASS 313, ELECTRIC LAMP AND DIS- mass. If the particles remain conductively insulated and CHARGE DEVICES the current is transmitted through the mass of particles by the arc or spark, then the device is included within SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION the scope of Class 313.

This is the generic class for electric lamp and electric For the excluded types of lightning arresters see Refer- space discharge device structure. ences to Other Classes, below.

Examples of such devices are electric incandescent 4. Electric Lamp Provided With Structure For Holding lamps, gas or vapor filled electric discharge tubes, A Material To Be Heated - See References to Other including lamps, mercury arc devices, vacuum dis- Classes. charge tubes, radio tubes, cyclotrons, cathode-ray tubes, photosensitive discharge devices, secondary emission 5. Molecular Or Atomic Beam Devices - See Refer- electron multipliers, spark plugs, and open air arc and ences to Other Classes. spark devices. 6. Mass Spectrometers - See References to Other Classes. SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS 7. Electron Microscopes - See References to Other Classes. For specific class references where not provided in the sections below, see References to Other Classes that 8. Cathode Ray Oscillographs - See References to refer to the particular section title. Other Classes.

A. LAMPS AND DISCHARGE DEVICE STRUC- 9. Consumable Electrode Discharge Devices (e.g., Arc TURE CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERe Lamps, etc.) - See References to Other Classes.

1. X-ray Tubes And Targets - See References to Other 10. Lamps And Discharge Devices Having A Circuit Classes. Element Included Therein

2. Insulators With Arcing Devices - See References to An electromagnet connected in circuit with an electrode Other Classes. does not prevent classification of a lamp or space discharge device in Class 313 if the electromagnet is an 3. Lightning Arresters - Class 313 includes lightning operator for moving an electrode or if the electromagnet arresters where the only structure is an arc or spark gap. generates a magnetic flux which influences the opera- Excluded are lightning arresters which include an arc or tion of the lamp or space discharge device (see Subclass spark gap in combination with an impedance element References to the Current Class, below). The inherent such as a resistance, or inductance. Also excluded are resistance of an electrode, although significant to the arc or spark gap arresters in combination with a circuit operation of the device, is not considered a circuit ele- maker or breaker such as a thermostatic switch or fuse. ment such as would prevent classification in Class 313. Excluded from Class 313 are the lightning arresters of Also See References to Other Classes. the arc or spark gap type which are designed to have the electrodes brought into physical contact upon a pro- 11. Discharge Devices Structurally Combined With And longed discharge or which are provided with a material, In Circuit Relation With Incandescent Lamps- See Ref- such as, a fusible substance which melts and flows erences to Other Classes. between the electrodes to short-circuit the electrodes upon a prolonged discharge. 12. Discharge Devices Having The Cathode Heater or Other Structurally Combined Heater In Circuit Relation Among the excluded types of lightning arresters is the Therewith- See References to Other Classes. type including a mass of particulate particles, each particle being insulated from the other, usually by a coating 13. Gas Pumps And Fans- See References to Other upon the surface of the particle. When a discharge Classes. passes from particle to particle, the surface material becomes conductive making a short-circuit through the B. LAMP AND DISCHARGE DEVICE SYSTEMS

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This class does not include electric systems for supply- Where the support is a casing, jacket, electrical connec- ing electric current and/or potential to electric lamps or tor (e.g., socket) or includes means for modifying the to discharge devices. temperature of the lamp or discharge device, see below.

Patents which claim a lamp or discharge device having Lamps including discharge device lamps combined with electrodes which are adapted to have current or potential a supporting means for the lamp are excluded from impressed upon the electrodes or which claim a lamp or Class 313. discharge device with means recited broadly (no specific means, such as a battery, source etc., being Class 313 is the generic class for discharge devices in included) to impress current or potential on the elec- combination with supporting means for the discharge trodes are classified in this class as lamps or discharge device. devices unless some circuit elements are claimed which positively limit the claims to a system rather than to a Also See References to Other Classes, below. lamp or discharge device, per se. However, where the relative potentials between the electrodes are claimed, F. COMBINED WITH TEMPERATURE MODIFY- the patent is classified as a system. ING MEANS

For example, a claim to a discharge device having an 1. With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket: anode adapted to be maintained at a high positive potential, a control electrode adapted to be maintained at a Class 313 is a generic class for all discharge devices low negative potential, and a cathode adapted to be where significant discharge device structure is claimed maintained at ground potential will be excluded from in combination with a jacket, casing or enclosure having this class and will be found in the appropriate system means to modify the temperature of the discharge class. device. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.) For discharge devices and lamp systems, see References to Other Classes, below. Included in Class 313 are all lamps, per se, and discharge devices, per se, which are provided with a double C. METHOD OF OPERATING LAMPS OR DIS- walled envelope or two sealed enclosing envelopes, the CHARGE DEVICE second envelope being an integral part of the lamp or discharge device structure, the space between the two Patents which claim a method of operating a lamp or envelope portions being evacuated or filled with heat discharge device are excluded from this class and will transfer or insulating means to modify the temperature be found in the class which provides for the system of the lamp or discharge device. (See Subclass Refer- which is required to operate the device. See above for ences to the Current Class, below.) the classification of electric lamp and discharge device systems. Also See References to Other Classes, below. See References to Other Classes, below.

D. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SUBJECT- 2. Lamp, Discharge Devices, And Envelopes Therefor ING OBJECTS, ARTICLES AND MATERIALS TO With Temperature Modifying Means RAY ENERGY OR ELECTRONS OR IONS GENER- ATED BY DISCHARGE DEVICES OR LAMPS Class 313, provides for all lamp and discharge device structures, per se, where significant lamp or discharge Class 313 does not include either processes or apparatus device structure is claimed and which include means for for subjecting materials, articles or objects to the ray modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge energy (e.g., ultraviolet light, X-rays, etc.) or to elec- device, excepting lamps and discharge devices of the trons, ions, arcs or sparks generated by electric lamps or consumable electrode type which are classified else- discharge devices. where. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

For such methods and apparatus, see References to See above when the lamp or discharge device is pro- Other Classes, below. vided with a separable casing, jacket, or enclosure and which include means to modify the temperature of the E. COMBINED WITH A SUPPORT lamp or discharge device, and also see above with

February1 2011 February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 313 - 3 respect to photocells provided with temperature modify- constitute an integral structure. Where the second enve- ing means where no significant photocell structure is lope wall is not integral with the lamp envelope, that is, claimed. it is removable therefrom, the patent is excluded from Class 313 and will be found elsewhere. The combina- See Class 313 for lamp and discharge device structure tion of an envelope, box or housing (such as a lamp or which include means for modifying the temperature of discharge device envelope) and either a separable or the lamp or discharge device. Included are lamp and integral casing or housing where electrical features are discharge devices, per se, having heating means for rais- claimed is classified elsewhere. (See References to ing the temperature of the device, devices with elec- Other Classes, below.) trodes provided with cooling ducts or heat radiators, devices with means to modify the temperature of the See Class 313 for lamps and discharge devices which envelope, including double walled envelopes or two have an integral double wall envelope; for discharge sealed enclosing envelopes with a heat conducting or devices having an envelope and a casing or jacket there- heat insulating medium (including vacuum) in the space for; for where the discharge device is provided with an between the two envelope walls, devices with heat con- electrical shield and for other discharge devices pro- ducting or insulating members, etc.. Also included is the vided with a casing or jacket. (See Subclass References structure of electrodes for lamps and discharge devices to the Current Class, below.) which are provided with means to modify the temperature of the electrode (e.g., electrodes with cooling fins, Also See References to Other Classes. fluid ducts, heat transmission means, etc.). H. COMBINED WITH OPTICAL DEVICE OR HAV- Excluded from Class 313 are mere envelopes, for elec- ING SPECIAL RAY TRANSPARENT ENVELOPE tric lamps or discharge devices provided with tempera- (E.G., FILTER, REFLECTOR, LENS, LIGHT DIS- ture modifying means where no significant lamp or TRIBUTOR OR MODIFIER LIGHT SHIELD, LIGHT discharge device structure is claimed. SHADE, ULTRAVIOLET RAY TRANSPARENT PORTION, OR LIGHT OBSCURING MEANS). Parts of lamps and discharge devices, such as electrode clamps or electrical connectors provided with heat mod- Class 313 provides for all lamps and discharge devices ifying means are classified with the appropriate device, which have an integral part of the lamp an optical means e.g., with the clamp or connector, etc. combined therewith or which are provided with an envelope at least a portion of which is made of a glass or G. COMBINED WITH A SEPARABLE CASING, material especially designed to transmit a particular por- JACKET, SHIELD, OR ENVELOPE PROTECTIVE tion of the spectrum, such as ultraviolet, infrared, or MEANS only a restricted portion of the visible spectrum. This includes lamps and discharge devices with light filters, Where the lamp or discharge device and casing or jacket reflectors, refractors, etc. within the envelope of the includes means to modify the temperature of the lamp or lamp or coated upon or forming a part of the envelope of discharge device, see above. the lamp. See Class 313 for this art. See this class (313) for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are See below with respect to the classification of lamps and limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other discharge devices provided with an envelope or a non- material (e.g., quartz) which transmits a particular por- separable casing or jacket. tion of the spectrum or a restricted portion of the spectrum. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, Class 313 is a generic class for the combination of sig- below.) nificant discharge device structure and a separable casing jacket, shield or enclosure, or envelope protective See below for the classification of envelopes, jackets, means and provides for all discharge devices other than and casings, per se, for lamps and discharge devices. lamps which are not otherwise classified where significant discharge device structure is claimed in combina- Class 313 does not provide for any discharge devices or tion with a casing, jacket, shield, or envelope protective lamps where the optical device is separable from the means. Included in Class 313 are all lamps which have lamp or discharge device, that is, it is not an integral part a double wall envelope where the second envelope of the lamp or discharge device. which encloses the first envelope is integrally united with the first envelope so that the two envelope walls See References to Other Classes, below.

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are provided with a casing or jacket which is an integral J. COMBINED WITH ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR part of the lamp or discharge device. Class 313 provides STRUCTURE for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other Class 313 provides for the combination of all electric material (e.g., quartz) which transmits a particular por- lamps and discharge devices where significant lamp or tion of the spectrum or a restricted portion of the spec- discharge device structure is recited in combination with trum. See Class 313 for lamps and discharge devices an electric connector for connecting the lamp or dis- with envelopes, and for discharge devices and lamps charge device in an electric circuit. See Class 313 where with casings or jackets. (See Subclass References to the the lamp or discharge device is combined with a separa- Current Class, below.) ble or detachable electric connector (e.g., a socket) and where the lamp or discharge device is provided with an See discharge devices which are provided with separa- electrical connector which is a part of the lamp or dis- ble casing, jacket, shield or envelope protective means, charge device (e.g., a base on the lamp). (See Subclass and References to Other Classes, below. References to the Current Class, below.) 1. With Attached Base 1. Lamps And Discharge Devices Combined With A Separable Electric Connector Where the attached base includes electrical connector means see above and References to Other Classes, This class (Class 313), Electric Lamp and Discharge below. Devices) provides for the combination of an electrical lamp with a base or socket including a filament, or other 2. With Lead-in Structure reference to electrodes of the lamp. Boxes, housings, and envelopes for electrical devices See References to Other Classes. including electric lamps and discharge devices where the box, housing or envelope includes means to couple a 2. Lamps And Discharge Devices Which Include Elec- conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, or has trical Connector Structure means for passing a lead-in conductor into the box or housing are classified elsewhere. Boxes, housings, and For reference to lamps and discharge devices with a envelopes which are provided with other significant base, where no electrical connector structure is electrical structure or which are claimed as having an involved, see below and References to Other Classes. electrical device therein where no significant characteristics of the electrical device are recited are elsewhere. 3. Electrodes Combined With Connector Structure (See References to Other Classes, below.)

Class 313 includes all electrodes for electric lamps and Note that if the lead-in conductors are of such rigidity to discharge devices where significant lamp or discharge form contacts (usually plug-type contacts), the device is device electrode structure is claimed in combination classified elsewhere unless significant structure of the with an electrical connector for the electrode, or where device in addition to the connector structure is recited as the electrode is provided with electrical connector struc- pointed out above. Any specification of electric lamp or ture. Merely reciting that the electrode is a metallic or discharge device structure in addition to naming the type nonmetallic rod or wire, or that the electrode has a par- of lamp or discharge device will cause classification of ticular cross-section where the connector is attached to the patent in Class 313. Where the claims are drawn to the connector is not considered to be significant elec- an electrical device broadly defined within the envelope, trode structure. the patent is classified elsewhere. Claims which are drawn to a discharge device or electric lamp or a partic- See References to Other Classes, below. ular type, such as a gas filled discharge device, or an incandescent lamp where only envelope and lead-in K. ENVELOPES, CASINGS AND JACKETS FOR structures are claimed are classified elsewhere. LAMPS AND DISCHARGE DEVICES For lead-in and seal structure such as glass to metal Class 313 provides for the combination of electric lamps seals, see below. and discharge devices which are provided with a envelope, and for electric lamps and discharge devices which

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3. With Identifying Indicating Mark- See References to 1. Electrodes And Shields With Joints Therebetween Other Classes. Where the only structure of the electrode or shield 4. Defined Only By Composition recited is that the electrode or shield is composed of two or more parts with means to join the parts together, the Envelopes, jackets and casings which are defined only patents will be found in the appropriate class providing by their composition will be found in the appropriate for the joint. composition class.- See References to Other Classes, below. See References to Other Classes, below, for a reference to the classes which provide for joint structure. 5. Structure- See References to Other Classes, below. Where an electrical feature is claimed in addition to the L. BUSHINGS, GLASS-TO-METAL SEALS AND joint but no significant structure other than that required LEAD-IN CONDUCTORS to make the joint is recited, the patent will be found elsewhere for the electrical connector structure. Where an See above for lamps and discharge devices which are electrode is composed of two rod-like portions and one provided with electrical connector means such as a base portion is provided with a hollow screw threaded socket having prongs thereon and which sometimes include and the other is provided with the screw threaded end to bushings or lead-in conductors for conducting electric- fit into the socket, the patent is classified elsewhere. If ity through the wall of the housing, jacket or envelope of the structure includes means such as a portion of higher the lamp or discharge device to the electrodes within the electrical conductivity to insure good electrical contact casing, jacket or envelope. See above for housings, between the portions, the patent would be classified jackets, and envelopes for electric lamps and discharge elsewhere. devices which are provided with lead-in or bushing structure for passing electric current through the wall of See References to Other Classes, below. the housing, jacket, or envelope to the interior of the device. 2. Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions- See References to Other Classes, below. See References to Other Classes, below. 3. Methods And Apparatus For Manufacturing Elec- M. ELECTRODES AND SHIELDS trodes- See References to Other Classes, below.

Class 313 provides for all electrodes and shields, per se, N. FLUORESCENT AND PHOSPHORESCENT excepting the consumption feed type electrodes classi- COATING AND COMPOSITIONS fied elsewhere. Class 313 includes electrodes and shields formed of two or more parts with a joint therebe- Class 313 provides for electric lamps and discharge tween where significant electrode or shield structure is devices where significant lamp or discharge device claimed. Electrodes which are limited by claimed struc- structure is claimed which include as a part thereof a ture to use in discharge devices (arc lamps) in which the fluorescent or phosphorescent material. See this class feed or motion of one of the electrodes towards the other (313) for cathode-ray tubes which have a fluorescent or is accomplished by the destruction of the electrode or a phosphorescent target and for other discharge devices portion thereof due to the discharge are classified else- and lamps having an electrode or the envelope coated where. (See References to Other Classes, below.) with or containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent material, or which otherwise include as a part thereof a Electrodes and shields which include no more structure fluorescent or phosphorescent material. than a base having one or more coatings thereon are excluded from Class 313. Merely naming the electrode See References to Other Classes, below. or shield as a wire, filament, rod, ribbon or strand is not sufficient structure to cause classification in Class 313. O. GETTERS AND GAS OR VAPOR GENERATING Electrodes and shields which are defined only by their MATERIALS composition are excluded from this class. The excluded art relating to electrodes and shields will be found in the Class 313, provides for all electric lamps and discharge classes listed below: devices which have combined therewith a getter or a gas

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or vapor generating material, irrespective of whether the an opaque coating on the envelope wall. (See Subclass getter or gas or vapor generating means, is to be used References to the Current Class, below.) during the manufacture of the device, or to be used during the operation of the device, or to be used as needed Class 313 does not provide for the infrared generator in after the device has been operated. Class 313 also pro- combination with a reflector, guard, support, separable vides for electrode structure combined with containers casing, or jacket. For such excluded subject matter and or receptacles for the getter or the gas or vapor generat- other infrared ray generators see References to Other ing material. For electrodes which involve significant Classes, below. electrode structure with a coating or a getter material thereon, see this class (313). For the classification of R. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFAC- electrodes which involve only a base with a coating of a TURING OR REPAIRING ELECTRIC LAMPS OR getter material thereon, or which involves only an elec- DISCHARGE DEVICES OR SALVAGING PARTS trode defined by its compositions, see above. THEREOF

See Subclass References to the Current Class, below, Class 313 does not provide for the processes or appara- and References to Other Classes, below. tus used either to manufacture or repair electric lamps or discharge devices. It should be noted, however, that P. DEFLECTION AND FOCUSING MAGNETS Class 313 does provide for electric lamp and discharge devices which are provided with a getter, a gas or vapor Magnets provided with a plurality of coils to deflect the generating means, or pressure regulating means, see cathode ray in a plurality of directions, (e.g., vertically, above. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, and horizontally) are classified elsewhere. Magnets for below.) focusing, concentrating or accelerating cathode rays even if the magnet is provided with a plurality of sepa- S. SYSTEMS, APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR rate coils are elsewhere. Magnets for cathode-ray tubes TESTING ELECTRIC LAMPS AND DISCHARGE which have a plurality of coils to generate both a DEVICES deflecting field and a focusing, concentrating and/or accelerating field are classified in Class 313. See References to Other Classes.

See References to Other Classes, below. T. RELATIONSHIP OF CLASSES 313 TO 445, ELECTRIC LAMP OR SPACE DISCHARGE COM- Q. INFRARED RAY GENERATORS PONENT OR DEVICE MANUFACTURING

Class 313 does not provide for devices for converting In view of the statements in the above sections, the rela- electrical energy into infrared ray energy, excepting in tionship between the classes and subclasses mentioned special cases. Many lamps and discharge devices inher- can be shown in schedule form thus: ently generate infrared ray energy in their operation. Class 313 will take therefore, electric lamps and dis- 313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices charge devices which are stated to be for the purpose of generating infrared ray energy when such lamps and dis- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consum- charge devices are substantially identical in structure able Electrodes with lamps and discharge devices intended to generate visible light or ultraviolet light or other analogous ray 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems energy. Class 313 will take such devices even though the device includes means for preventing light energy 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or other than the infrared ray energy from being emitted, Device Manufacturing such as having the envelope wall formed of an opaque material. Such infrared ray generators are classified in U. DISTINCTION BETWEEN DISCHARGE Class 313 in the subclasses providing for the structure of DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SWITCHES the analogous lamp or discharge device, see especially where the lamp or discharge device has an envelope Some types of electric switches are closely analogous in made of the material which is especially transparent to structure to some types of discharge devices. This is infrared ray energy and where the lamp or discharge especially true with respect to the type of discharge device is provided with a light obscuring means such as device where the electrodes of the discharge device are

February1 2011 February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 313 - 7 placed in contact and then separated from each other to Class 313. However, if the device is designed for use establish the discharge. Some types of switches include without ionization between the electrodes or without means, such as electromagnets, to extinguish the arc transmitting current by electron flow then the device between the switch contacts when the switch is opened. will be excluded from Class 313 and found in the other Some types of discharge devices include means, such as appropriate class. electromagnets, to defect or otherwise alter the characteristics of the discharge between the electrodes. Most devices other than the electric condensers of the type referred to above which are excluded from Class The distinction between electric switches and discharge 313 are devices for treating materials such as ozonizers, devices, therefore, depends in some cases principally electrical precipitators, disinfecting and sterilizing appa- upon the disclosed purpose of the structure claimed by ratus. the patent. Where the discharge is only an incident to the separating of the switch contacts and the purpose of The Classification of such devices is referred to above. the structure is to open or close a circuit, the device will Also See References to Other Classes. be considered an electric switch for the purpose of classification. When the electrodes are placed in physical contact to close the circuit, and separated from each SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO other to interrupt the circuit, the device will be classified THE CURRENT CLASS as a switch. Where the purpose of the claimed structure is to establish a space discharge by contacting the elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: trodes with each other and then separating the elec- 11+, for discharge devices where significant dis- trodes, the device is considered to be a discharge device charge device structure is claimed in combina- for Class 313. tion with a jacket, casing or enclosure having means to modify the temperature of the dis- Excluded from Class 313 are devices which are charge device. designed normally to have a discharge between the elec- 11+, for lamp and discharge device structure which trodes and which include means operative after either include means for modifying the temperature prolonged use or overload to establish a short-circuit of the lamp or discharge device. Included are path from one of the electrodes to the other electrode so lamp and discharge devices, per se, having as to extinguish the space discharge. See above relative heating means for raising the temperature of to lightning arresters of this type. the device, devices with electrodes provided with cooling ducts or heat radiators, devices Switches which are somewhat analogous in structure to with means to modify the temperature of the space discharge devices where the switch is provided envelope, including double walled envelopes with means to separate the switch contacts from each or two sealed enclosing envelopes with a heat other to open the circuit, the switch structure including conducting or heat insulating medium (includ- means to extinguish the space discharge formed when ing vacuum) in the space between the two the switch contacts are opened, are classified elsewhere. envelope walls, devices with heat conducting or insulating members, etc.. Also included in See References to Other Classes, below. subclasses 11+ is the structure of electrodes for lamps and discharge devices which are pro- W. DISTINCTION BETWEEN DISCHARGE vided with means to modify the temperature of DEVICES AND ELECTRIC CONDENSERS AND the electrode (e.g., electrodes with cooling fins, OTHER STATIC FIELD PRODUCING MEANS fluid ducts, heat transmission means, etc.). 25+, for all lamps, per se, and discharge devices, per Some types of space discharge devices are closely anal- se, which are provided with a double walled ogous in structure to some types of electric condensers envelope or two sealed enclosing envelopes, and other static field producing devices. In these cases the second envelope being an integral part of the device usually consists of two electrodes separated the lamp or discharge device structure, the by air, gas, vapor or vacuum and are designed to have an space between the two envelope portions being electric potential impressed thereon. Where the device evacuated or filled with heat transfer or insulat- is intended to have a current flow between the elec- ing means to modify the temperature of the trodes either by ionization or by electron flow, the lamp or discharge device. device is considered to be a space discharge device for

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25+, 312, 315, 317+, and 634+ for lamps and dis- thereof a fluorescent or phosphorescent mate- charge devices which have an integral double rial. wall envelope. 549+, for all electric lamps and discharge devices 49+, for a lamp or discharge device combined with a which have combined therewith a getter or a separable or detachable electric connector gas or vapor generating material, irrespective (e.g., a socket), and subclasses 318.01+ a lamp of whether the getter or gas or vapor generating or discharge device provided with an electrical means, is to be used during the manufacture of connector which is a part of the lamp or dis- the device, or to be used during the operation charge device (e.g., a base on the lamp). of the device, or to be used as needed after the 110+, for lamps and discharge devices with light fil- device has been operated. Subclasses 549+ ters, reflectors, refractors, etc. within the enve- also provides for electrode structure combined lope of the lamp or coated upon or forming a with containers or receptacles for the getter or part of the envelope of the lamp. the gas or vapor generating material. 112, for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other material (e.g., quartz) which SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER transmits a particular portion of the spectrum CLASSES or a restricted portion of the spectrum. 112, for where the lamp or discharge device has an SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: envelope made of the material which is espe- 29, Metal Working, subclasses 825+ is the generic cially transparent to infrared ray energy. place for methods not elsewhere classified of 117, for where the lamp or discharge device is pro- mechanical manufacturing an electrical con- vided with a light obscuring means such as an ductor or circuit and subclasses 745+ for corre- opaque coating on the envelope wall. sponding apparatus. (Lines With Other Classes 152, for an electromagnet connected in circuit with and Within This Class, “Methods and Appara- an electrode if the electromagnet is an operator tus For Manufacturing Electrodes”). for moving an electrode. 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Composi- 153+, for an electromagnet connected in circuit with tions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal an electrode if the electromagnet generates a Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Partic- magnetic flux which influences the operation ulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for consoli- of the lamp or space discharge device. dated metal powder compositions. (Lines With 312, for discharge devices having an envelope and a Other Classes and Within This Class, ”Bush- casing or jacket therefor. ings, Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Con- 313, for a discharge device provided with an electri- ductors”). cal shield. 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Composi- 317+, for lamps and discharge devices with enve- tions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal lopes. Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Partic- 324, for discharge devices and lamps with casings ulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for metal or jackets. stock, filaments and wire made of consolidated 355, and the subclasses referred to in the notes metal particles. (Lines With Other Classes and thereto, for electrodes which involve signifi- Within This Class, “Coated Electrodes Or cant electrode structure with a coating or a get- Shields And Compositions”). ter material thereon. 116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 216+ pro- 416+, for cathode-ray tubes which have a fluorescent vides for lamp or discharge device envelopes or phosphorescent target. or casings which are provided with an identify- 421+, for magnets for cathode-ray tubes which have a ing mark which changes its appearance if the plurality of coils to generate both a deflecting lamp or discharge device is used for an appre- field and a focusing, concentrating and/or ciable time. (Lines With Other Classes and accelerating field. (“Deflection And Focusing Within This Class, “With Identifying Indicat- Magnets”). ing Mark”). 483+, for other discharge devices and lamps having 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemi- an electrode or the envelope coated with or cal Manufacture, subclass 47 is the generic containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent place for methods not elsewhere classified of material, or which otherwise include as a part making electrical conductors of indefinite

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length. (Lines With Other Classes and Within 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for an This Class, “Methods and Apparatus For Man- electrical device broadly defined within the ufacturing Electrodes.”) envelope, the patent is classified in Class 174. 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemi- See section 7 of the class definition of Class cal Manufacture, subclasses 99+ for methods 174. Claims which are drawn to a discharge of making laminated glass structures. (Lines device or electric lamp or a particular type, With Other Classes and Within This Class, such as a gas filled discharge device, or an “Defined Only By Composition”). incandescent lamp where only envelope and 165, Heat Exchange, takes patents claiming heat lead-in structures are claimed are classified in exchange apparatus combined with a device to Class 174. (Lines With Other Classes and be cooled or heated thereby if no structure of Within This Class, K, “Envelopes, Casings said device is included other than the structure And Jackets For Lamps And Discharge necessary for cooperation with the heat Devices”). exchange apparatus, the mere naming of the 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the device as a lamp or discharge device will not generic class for boxes, housings, and enve- be sufficient to exclude the patent from Class lopes for electrical devices including electric 165. See especially subclasses 47+ for a struc- lamps and discharge devices where the box, turally installed heat exchanger; subclass 74 for housing or envelope includes means to couple a device to be heated or cooled projecting into a conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, and removably secured to a container for a heat or has means for passing a lead-in conductor exchange fluid; and subclass 80 for a remov- into the box or housing. Class 174 also pro- able device removably retained in a heat vides for boxes, housings, and envelopes which exchanger. (Lines With Other Classes and are provided with other significant electrical Within This Class, “With Enclosing Casing Or structure or which are claimed as having an Jacket:”) electrical device therein where no significant 165, Heat Exchange, for envelopes and casings pro- characteristics of the electrical device are vided with heat exchange means, including a recited. (Lines With Other Classes and Within mere metallic envelope defined as an anode or This Class, K, “Envelopes, Casings And Jack- a similar electrode with heat exchange means; ets For Lamps And Discharge Devices”). subclasses 177+ for a tubular structure with 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, generic heat transfer means; and subclass 185 for a heat class for boxes, casings, jackets, and envelope transmitter, per se. (Lines With Other Classes with lead-in conductors or means to couple and Within This Class, “Lamp, Discharge conductors to the box, casing, or jacket; Devices, And Envelopes Therefor With Tem- generic class for electrical device combined perature Modifying Means”). with casing, jacket, or shield; for lamp and dis- 173, Tool Driving Or Impacting, for lead-in conduc- charge device envelopes with electrical con- tors of such rigidity as to form contacts (usu- nector structure; and for boxes and housings ally plug-type contacts), unless significant (e.g., envelopes and casings for lamp and dis- structure of the device in addition to the con- charge devices) with electric connector. nector structure is recited. Any specification of 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, pro- electric lamp or discharge device structure in vides for a mere housing, casing or envelope addition to naming the type of lamp or dis- for an electrical device, such as a lamp or discharge device will cause classification of the charge device, where no significant structure of patent in Class 313. the device is claimed with means for modifying 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appro- the temperature of the device and which has priate subclasses for the combination of an electrical features combined therewith, such as envelope, box or housing (such as a lamp or connector structure. See subclasses 15.1+ discharge device envelope) and either a separa- where the housing, casing or envelope is com- ble or integral casing or housing where electri- bined with means for feeding, circulating or cal features are claimed. (Lines With Other distributing a temperature modifying fluid and Classes and Within This Class, G, “Combined see subclasses 50+ where the temperature mod- With a Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, or ifying means for the housing, casing, or enve- Envelope Protective Means”) lope does not require circulation of a fluid, as for example, by having heat radiating fins or a

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heat conductive path. (Lines With Other where significant structure of the envelope is Classes and Within This Class, “With Enclos- recited in combination with electrical connec- ing Casing Or Jacket:”). tor structure. These subclasses in Class 174 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the provide the envelopes having lead-in wires generic class for the combination of an electri- sealed therein which are designed to form con- cal device recited by name only (e.g., no signif- tacts (usually plug type contacts) where struc- icant characteristics of the device are recited, ture of the envelope in addition to the lead-in and the device may be a discharge device or wire structure is recited. Note especially sub- lamp) and the separable casing, jacket, shield class 50.53 where the envelope or seal for the or enclosure where electrical features are envelope is formed of a conductive material involved such as the lead-in conductors for the and is used as the electrical connector for the device. See section 7 of the class definition of device within the envelope. (Lines With Other Class 174 for the subclasses in Class 174 which Classes and Within This Class, “Lamps and provide for boxes, housings and envelopes in Discharge Devices Which Include Electrical Class 174. These subclasses also provide for Connector Structure”) the combination with a separable casing, 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, sub- jacket, shield or enclosure where electrical fea- class 15.1 for housings, casings, or envelopes tures are claimed. Note especially subclass for electrical devices (e.g., lamp or discharge 50.51 and 350 in Class 174. Class 174 provides devices) with means for modifying the temper- for the combination of a lamp or discharge ature of the device; subclass 17 for boxes and device and a box, housing, casing, jacket or housings with electric connector; subclass other container. (“Combined With A Separable 17.08 for hermetically sealed envelope with Casing, Jacket, Shield, or Envelope Protective electric connector; subclasses 50-64 for miscel- Means”). laneous boxes and housings for electrical 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, pro- devices; subclass 50 for boxes and housings vides for envelopes designed for use with elec- with electric connector; subclass 50.5 for her- trical devices, including those for electric metically sealed envelopes with lead-in con- lamps and space discharge devices, and which ductors; subclass 50.51 for hermetically sealed include electrical features (such as lead-in con- envelope with separable casing or jacket; sub- ductors for the lamp) but which do not include class 50.52 for hermetically sealed envelope any significant characteristics of the electrical with electrical connector; subclasses 140+ device, and means to modify the temperature for line insulators with arcing device; subclass of the device or envelope. See subclasses 144 for arcing device, per se, for line insula- 15.1+ where the envelope is combined with tors; subclass 151 for insulators for passing means for feeding, circulating or distributing a conductors through walls or plates; subclass temperature modifying fluid, and see sub- 152 for electrical bushings; and subclasses classes 50.5+ where the temperature modifying 350-397 for miscellaneous electrical shields. means for the envelope does not require circu- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, sub- lation of a fluid as, for example, by having heat classes 15+ for housings, casings, or envelopes radiating fins or a heat conductive path. (Lines for electrical devices (e.g., lamp or discharge With Other Classes and Within This Class, devices) with means for modifying the temper- “Lamp, Discharge Devices, And Envelopes ature of the device; subclass 17 for boxes and Therefor With Temperature Modifying housings with electric connector; subclass Means”). 17.08 for hermetically sealed envelope with 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, sub- electric connector; subclass 35 for miscella- classes 17+ and 50+ for envelopes, boxes and neous electrical shields; subclasses 50+ for housings for electric lamps and discharge miscellaneous boxes and housings for electri- devices which are of general utility and where cal devices; subclass 50 for boxes and housings electrical features are claimed which are pro- with electric connector; subclass 50.5 for her- vided with an electrical connector where sig- metically sealed envelopes with lead-in con- nificant structure of the box, housing or ductors; subclass 50.51 for hermetically sealed envelope is claimed in addition to the electrical envelope with separable casing or jacket; sub- connector structure; subclasses 17.08 and classes 50.52+ for hermetically sealed enve- 50.52+ for hermetically sealed envelopes lope with electrical connector; subclasses

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140+, for line insulators with arcing device; housing or envelope is hermetically sealed subclass 144, for arcing device, per se, for line including such devices as are made of ceramic, insulators; subclass 151 for insulators for pass- vitreous or nonmetallic plastic material (e.g., ing conductors through walls or plates; and glass), and is provided with lead-in conductors subclass 152 for electrical bushings. for passing electric current into the interior. 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, pro- (Lines With Other Classes and Within This vides for a box or housing including a hermet- Class, “With Lead-In Structure”). ically sealed envelope such as an envelope for 188, Brakes, provides, in subclasses 378+ for caps an electric lamp or discharge device where or jackets to be placed upon the envelope of a electrical features are claimed in combination discharge device or a lamp to damp the vibra- with a separable electric connector or socket. tions thereof due to the inertia of the cap or Class 174 provides for such a combination jacket; and in subclass 381 for similar caps or where significant features of the box or hous- jackets which damp the vibrations due to fric- ing is recited in addition to the electrical con- tion between the device and the cap or jacket; nector features on the envelope or in the socket in both cases, wherein no significant features or separable connector. Note that in Class 174, of the lamp or discharge device is claimed. in these subclasses, the electrical device in the (Lines With Other Classes and Within This box or housing may be recited by name only. Class, “Combined With A Separable Casing, See especially subclasses 17.08 and 50.52+ Jacket, Shield, or Envelope Protective where the box or housing is a hermetically Means”). sealed envelope such as is used for electric 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for lamps or discharge devices. (Lines With Other switches distinguished from discharge devices. Classes and Within This Class, “Lamps And 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, sub- Discharge Devices Combined With A Separa- class 144 for switches which are somewhat ble Electric Connector”). analogous in structure to space discharge 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, sub- devices, where the switch is provided with class 151 provides for insulators for insulating means to separate the switch contacts from a conductor from a wall through which the con- each other to open the circuit, the switch struc- ductor extends. Subclass 152 provides for ture including means to extinguish the space those devices known as bushings, in which a discharge formed when the switch contacts are portion of the insulating element extends into opened. (Lines With Other Classes and Within the opening in the wall. (Lines With Other This Class, U, “Distinction Between Discharge Classes and Within This Class, “Bushings, Devices and Electric Switches”). Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conduc- 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used tors”) Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compo- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the sitions, subclass 50 for a product (other than generic class for boxes, housings, and enve- one containing two or more contiguous metal- lopes for electrical devices including electric lic layers) produced by electrolysis involving lamps and discharge devices where the box, electrolytic marking, battery electrode active housing or envelope includes means to couple material forming, electroforming, or electro- a conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, lytic coating. (Lines With Other Classes and or has means for passing a lead-in conductor Within This Class, “Coated Electrodes or into the box or housing. Class 174 also pro- Shields And Compositions”). vides for boxes, housings, and envelopes which 219, Electric Heating, for infrared ray generators; are provided with other significant electrical subclass 553 for the infrared generator in com- structure or which are claimed as having an bination with a reflector, guard, support, sepa- electrical device therein where no significant rable casing, or jacket. (See Lines With Other characteristics of the electrical device are Classes and Within This Class, Q, “Infrared recited. See Class 174, Class Definition, Sub- Ray Generators”). class References to the Current Class for the 219, Electric Heating, subclasses 45, 407, and 521 particular subclasses which provide for such for electric lamps for heating materials. In boxes, housings and envelopes in Class 174, some of these lamps, the envelope is made in especially subclass 50.5 and the subclasses the form of a receptacle so that the heat from specified in the Notes thereto where the box, the lamp filament will heat a material in the

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receptacle. Other of the lamps have means pro- cent screens; subclasses 493.1+ for invisible vided in the lamp base for holding the material ray generator combined with a separable casing to be heated. (See Lines With Other Classes and having temperature modifying means, for and Within This Class, “Electric Lamp Pro- ultraviolet ray generators combined with a sup- vided With Structure For Holding Material To port, for ultraviolet ray generators with separa- Be Heated”). ble casing or jacket, for ultraviolet ray 220, Receptacles, generic class for boxes, casings, generator combined with a separable casing jackets, and containers; subclasses 2.1+ pro- and having temperature modifying means, and vides for the combination of envelope structure for invisible ray generators with separable cas- with an attached base where no electrical fea- ing or jacket; subclasses 503.1+ for invisible tures are claimed. (Lines With Other Classes ray generators with optical device, and for and Within This Class, “With Attached Base”) invisible ray generator with separable ray filter; 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ are the generic and subclasses 522.1+ for casing and jackets place for the structure of the envelope, casing, limited to use with invisible ray generators. or jacket for lamps and discharge devices 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for devices for where no significant electrical features are producing and propagating a unidirectional included. (“Structure”) stream of neutral molecules or atoms through a 220, Receptacles, is the miscellaneous class for vacuum, usually with thermal velocity, and/or boxes, housings, casings, jackets and other for exciting such molecules and atoms at a res- containers and provides for envelopes for onance frequency (Lines With Other Classes lamps and discharge devices and the separable and Within This Class, “Molecular Or Atomic jackets, boxes, casings, for discharge devices Beam Devices”). other than lamps. Class 220 does not provide 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 281+, for discharge for the combination of a lamp or discharge Devices of the type used in the separation or device and a box, housing, casing, jacket or the analysis of materials utilizing the mass to other container even though the lamp or dis- electric charge ratio of particles. (Lines With charge device is recited by name only. Such Other Classes and Within This Class, “Mass combinations are found elsewhere. See sub- Spectrometers”). classes 2.1+, of Class 220 for the separable 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 309 and 311.For dis- jackets, casings and housings for discharge charge devices used to produce electrons or devices in Class 220. Also see subclasses 2.1+ ions and having means for subjecting objects or for the gas tight envelope structure of Class materials to the electrons or ions, including 220. (Lines With Other Classes and Within electron microscopes, (Lines With Other This Class, “Combined With A Separable Cas- Classes and Within This Class, “Electron ing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Microscopes”). Means”). 250, Radiant Energy, provides for invisible ray gen- 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for photo- erators which are enclosed within a separable electric controlled systems; subclasses 216+ casing or housing and which are provided with for photocells with separable optical means; means for modifying the temperature of the ray subclasses 238 for photocells with temperature generator where not provided for elsewhere. modifying means; subclass 239 for photocells See subclasses 423+ for invisible radiant with a casing or housing; subs. 281+ for mass energy generation and sources. Subclass 238 spectrometers for the separation or analysis of provides for photocells including those of the materials; subclass 311 for electron micro- discharge device type which include a separa- scopes; subclasses 336.1+ for systems for uti- ble casing or housing and means to modify the lizing a space detecting or measuring invisible temperature of the photocell. (Lines With ray energy; subclasses 324+, 432+, 453.1+, and Other Classes and Within This Class, “With 492.1 for methods and for apparatus subjecting Enclosing Casing Or Jacket:”) objects and materials to electrons, ions, arcs, 250, Radiant Energy, provides for generators of and sparks, and for methods and apparatus for invisible ray energy (e.g., ultraviolet ray) treating objects and materials with ray energy; which have combined therewith a separable subclasses 423+ and 453.1+for invisible ray casing or jacket not provided for elsewhere. generators combined with a support; sub- See subclasses 423+ for ion generation and classes. 483.1+ for fluorescent and phosphores- subclasses 493.1+ for invisible radiant energy

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generation and sources. Subclass 239 provides means for supporting the ray generating means for the combination of a photocell including where not elsewhere provided. See subclasses those of the discharge type in combination with 423+ for methods and apparatus for ion gener- a separable casing or housing. (Lines With ation and subclasses 493.1+ for methods and Other Classes and Within This Class, “Com- apparatus for radiant energy generation and bined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, sources. (From Combined With a Support.) Or Envelope Protective Means”). 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 483.1+ provides 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 503.1+ provides for fluorescent and phosphorescent screens. for invisible ray generators combined with a (Lines With Other Classes and Within This separable optical or ray modifying means Class, “Fluorescent And Phosphorescent Coat- where not classified elsewhere. Subclasses ing And Compositions”). 216 to 236 provide for the combination of a 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 522.1+ provides photoelectric cell including those of the dis- for casings and jackets for use with generators charge device type in combination with separa- of invisible ray energy (e.g., ultraviolet) where ble optical means used to project light upon the structure is claimed which limits the jacket to photocell. (Lines With Other Classes and use with such invisible ray energy and subclass Within This Class, “Combined With Optical 239 provides for photocells where no signifi- Device Or Having Special Ray Transparent cant characteristics of the photocell is recited Envelope, etc.”) which include an envelope or housing for the 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 336.1 for miscella- photocell. (Lines With Other Classes and neous electric systems for detecting or measur- Within This Class, “Structure”). ing invisible ray energy (e.g., Geiger-Mueller 252, Compositions, subclass 181.1 and the classes counter systems, etc.); and subclasses 200+ for specified in the notes to the Definition of those miscellaneous electric systems which are con- subclasses, provides for compositions which trolled by a photo-electric discharge device. are designed for use as getters or electric lamp (Lines With Other Classes and Within This or discharge devices or which are designed for Class, “Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Dis- use in generating a gas or vapor within the charge Device Systems,” for discharge devices envelope or jacket of an electric lamp or space and lamp systems.) discharge device. (Lines With Other Classes 250, Radiant Energy, for the irradiation of material and Within This Class, “Getters And Gas Or by nuclear or electromagnetic wave or particle Vapor Generating Materials”). radiation, especially subclasses 324+ for meth- 252, Compositions, subclasses 301.16 through ods and apparatus to subject material to corona 301.6 is the generic place for fluorescent or irradiation, subclasses 432+ for methods and phosphorescent materials. (Lines With Other apparatus to contained, supported or trans- Classes and Within This Class, “Fluorescent ferred material with an irradiating source for And Phosphorescent Coating And Composi- the material, subclasses 453.11+ for object sup- tions”). ports with or without an irradiating source for 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for composi- the supported object, subclasses 458.1+ for tions which conduct or emit electrons and for methods and apparatus to irradiate fluorescent electrically conductive or emissive devices and phosphorescent materials and subclass defined solely by the composition of which 492.1 for methods and apparatus to irradiate they are composed. Thus the compositions objects or materials. Also note that subclasses may be specialized for use as electron emissive 281+ provides for methods and apparatus for compositions or for preparing electrodes, fila- the ionic separation or analysis of materials uti- ments and shields for electric lamps or electric lizing the mass to electric charge ratio of parti- space discharge devices. (Lines With Other cles (e.g., mass spectrometers). (Lines With Classes and Within This Class, “Coated Elec- Other Classes and Within This Class, Methods trodes Or Shields And Compositions”). and Apparatus for Subjecting Objects, Articles 279, Chucks or Sockets, provides for chucks and and Materials to Ray Energy or Electrons or sockets for holding rod-like bodies and tools. Ions Generated by Discharge Devices or Some of the chucks and sockets are designed to Lamps, for such methods and apparatus.) hold electrodes such as the carbon rods used in 250, Radiant Energy, provides for generators of arc lamps. (Lines With Other Classes and invisible ray energy in combinations with the

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Within This Class, “Electrodes Combined With sarily limited to use with devices of the Connector Structure”). consumable electrode type. The elec- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Con- trodes for the consumable electrode type sumable Electrodes, subclasses 26+ for lamps discharge devices are classified with and discharge devices of the consumable elec- other electrodes in Class 313 except for trode type. (Lines With Other Classes and the consumption feed type electrodes in Within This Class, F, Combined With Temper- Class 314 subclass 60. See above for the ature Modifying Means.) classification of electrodes in Class 313. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Con- (See Lines With Other Classes and sumable Electrodes, (e.g., arc lamps with Within This Class, “Consumable Elec- means for feeding the electrodes) Systems; trode Discharge Devices” above). subclasses 26+ for consumable electrode dis- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- charge device, with temperature modifying tems, subclasses. 1-11, 12.1, 13.1-17, and 364- means. 410, for systems of supply for cathode-ray 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Con- tubes; subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tubes sumable Electrodes, subclass 60 for consump- structure combined with a circuit element; sub- tion feed type electrodes; subclass 60 provides classes 32+ for electric lamps and discharge for electrodes which are limited by claimed devices structurally combined with a circuit structure to use in discharge devices (arc element; subclasses 32+ for lightning arrestor lamps) in which the feed or motion of one of structurally combined with a discharge device; the electrodes towards the other is accom- subclasses 46+ for discharge devices having a plished by the destruction of the electrode or a lamp filament or heating resistance in shunt portion thereof due to the discharge. (See with the electrodes; subclass 49 for discharge Lines With Other Classes and Within This devices having a lamp filament or heating Class, M, Electrodes and Shields.) resistance in series with the discharge elec- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Con- trodes; subclasses 76-363 for systems of supply sumable Electrodes, for electric systems for for electric lamps and gas or vapor type dis- supplying electric current to discharge devices charge devices; and subclasses 364+ for resting of the consumable electrode (e.g., arc lamp) electric lamps or discharge devices. type. See above with respect to consumable 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- electrode discharge devices. (Lines With Other tems, subclasses 3+ and 32+ provide for dis- Classes and Within This Class, “Gas Pumps charge devices and lamps which have a circuit And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Sys- element (e.g., switch, impedance, etc..,) struc- tems,” for discharge devices and lamp sys- turally combined with the lamp or discharge tems.) device, see subclasses 3+ where the discharge 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Con- device is a cathode-ray tube. The circuit ele- sumable Electrodes, provides for arc and other ment may be within the base of the lamp or dis- electric space discharge lamps or devices charge device or within the enclosing envelope which are provided with at least one electrode of the lamp or discharge device. (See Lines which is consumed during the operation of the With Other Classes and Within This Class, discharge device and such devices in combina- “Lamps And Discharge Devices Having A Cir- tion with electric current supply systems there- cuit Element” above). for. Substantially all of the lamps in Class 314 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- are characterized by being provided with feed- tems, subclasses 46+ and 49 provide for the ing means to move the electrodes together as combination of a discharge device and a fila- the electrode is consumed. mentary lamp which are structurally combined (a) Patents claiming an “arc discharge in a single unitary structure and where the lamp device” or an “arc lamp” are not classi- filament is in circuit relation with the elec- fied in Class 314 unless the claims are trodes of the discharge device. See subclasses limited by claimed subject matter to dis- 46+ where the lamp filament is connected in charge devices of the consumable elec- shunt with the discharge electrodes and sub- trode type. Class 313 provides for arc classes 409 and 410 where the lamp filament is lamp and discharge device structure connected in series with the discharge elec- which is of general utility and not neces- trodes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within

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This Class, “Discharge Devices Structurally (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Combined With/In Circuit Relation With Class, “Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Dis- Incandescent Lamps”). charge Device Systems,” for discharge devices 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- and lamp systems.) tems, subclasses 46+ and 49 provide for dis- 331, Oscillators, subclass 5 for magnetron oscilla- charge devices which include an electric heater tor with automatic frequency stabilization; sub- (e.g., the cathode heater filament for an indi- classes 6+ for Klystron oscillator with rectly heated cathode, or other heater) which is automatic frequency stabilization; subclass 78 connected in circuit relationship with the dis- for electric noise generators using gas tubes; charge electrodes. See subclasses 46+ where subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators; sub- the heater is connected in shunt to the dis- class 98 for oscillators using disk seal tube; charge electrodes and subclass 49 where the subclasses 126+ for oscillator using gaseous heater is in series with the discharge electrodes. space discharge device; and subclass 184 for Not included in Class 313 in accordance with oscillator using unique space discharge device. the line stated in this section are discharge 331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electri- devices having a directly heated or filamentary cal oscillators utilizing space discharge devices cathode which is necessarily in series with the of particular construction, especially sub- discharge electrodes. (Lines With Other classes 6+ and 79+ for beam tube oscillators, Classes and Within This Class, “Discharge subclasses 5 and 86+ for magnetron type oscil- Devices With Cathode Heater Or Other Struc- lators, subclasses 78 and 126+ for gaseous turally Combined Heater In Circuit Relation”) space discharge type oscillators, subclass 98 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- for oscillators utilizing disk seal tubes enclosed tems, subclasses 32+ for lightning arrestors by distributed parameter resonators, and sub- having a space discharge device and circuit class 184 for oscillators utilizing a space dis- impedance element structurally combined to charge device of particular construction. make an integral unit. (Lines With Other (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Classes and Within This Class, “Insulators Class, “Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Dis- With Arcing Devices,” the excluded types of charge Device Systems,” for discharge devices lightning arresters.) and lamp systems.) 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, tems, subclasses 1 through 11, 12.1, 13.1-17, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 210+ and 364-410 for miscellaneous systems for provides for electromagnets designed for use supplying electric current and/or potential to a with electric lamps and discharge devices. cathode-ray tube, subclasses 3+ and 32+ for Such magnets include those used with the cath- electric lamp and discharge devices which have ode-ray tubes classified in subclasses 75+ of a circuit element structurally combined with Class 313 to deflect the cathode ray beam, the lamp or discharge device, subclasses 76 to those used with the cathode ray tubes classified 363 for miscellaneous systems for supplying in subclasses 441+ to focus, concentrate or electric current and/or potential to electric accelerate the cathode ray, and those used with lamps, and to discharge devices of the gas or the other discharge devices and lamps in sub- vapor type, and subclass 411 for power sup- classes 153+. (Lines With Other Classes and plies utilizing the magnetic energy of an output Within This Class, “Deflection And Focusing transformer of a cathode ray deflection cir- Magnet”) cuit. (Lines With Other Classes and Within 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, This Class, “Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 210+ Discharge Device Systems,” for discharge for electromagnets for focusing and deflecting. devices and lamp systems.) 337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys- Actuated Switches, subclasses 28+ for com- tems, subclasses 364+ is the generic place for bined thermal switches and lightning arres- testing electric lamps or discharge devices. tors. (Lines With Other Classes and Within 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear This Class, “Insulators With Arcing Devices,” Devices, Circuits, and Systems, ” appropriate the excluded types of lightning arresters.) subclasses for miscellaneous systems employ- 338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses, for ing space discharge active element devices. electrical resistors, per se. Some of the resis-

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tance elements in Class 338 are somewhat 362, Illumination, where the second envelope wall analogous to the filaments used in electric is not integral with the lamp envelope, that is, it lamps and space discharge devices. Note that is removable therefrom; subclass 363 for subclasses 500+ in Class 252 provides for elec- means for surrounding a light source wherein trically conductive or emissive compositions said means is made of light pervious material. which include resistance defined solely by their See Class 362 or one of the classes specified in composition. the notes to that class. (Lines With Other 347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, Classes and Within This Class, G, “Combined subclasses 121+ and 226+ for cathode ray dis- With a Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, or charge devices provided with means for mak- Envelope Protective Means”). ing a record of the trace of the cathode beam 362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in (usually means for impressing the beam upon a the notes thereto, provides for all lamps includ- photographic film or means for impressing the ing those of the discharge device type, which trace made upon a fluorescent screen upon a have a separable casing, jacket or enclosure photographic film) irrespective of whether the about the lamp and which include means to recording means is within or without the enve- modify the temperature of the lamp; see espe- lope of the cathode-ray device. (Lines With cially subclasses 294 and 373. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, “Cathode Other Classes and Within This Class, Tempera- Ray Oscillographs”). ture Modifying Means--With Enclosing Casing 348, Television, subclasses 818+ for cathode-ray Or Jacket). tubes of the signal receiving type and provided 362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in with a shield or envelope protective means. the notes to that class for lamps including dis- (Lines With Other Classes and Within This charge device lamps combined with a support- Class, “Combined With A Separable Casing, ing means for the lamp (Lines With Other Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Classes and Within This Class, “Combined Means”). With A Support”). 348, Television, subclasses 373+ and 825+ for cath- 362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in ode-ray tubes utilized in television systems and the notes thereto provides for all combinations provided with a supporting means. (Lines of lamps including those of the discharge With Other Classes and Within This Class, device type in combination with separable cas- “Combined With a Support”). ing, jacket, shield or enclosure. (Lines With 348, Television, subclasses 335+ and 832+ for cath- Other Classes and Within This Class, “Com- ode-ray tubes utilized in television systems and bined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, combined with an optical device. (Lines With Or Envelope Protective Means”). Other Classes and Within This Class, “Com- 362, Illumination, for lamps combined with a sup- bined With Optical Device or Having Special port; for lamps combined with a separable cas- Ray Transparent Envelope etc.”) ing or jacket and having temperature 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, modifying means; for lamps combined with a subclasses 117+ for lightning arrester; and sub- separable casing, jacket, shield or enclosure; classes 271+ for condensers distinguished from for lamps with separable optical devices, light discharge devices. shade, light obscuring means, lamp protector or 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, other illuminating devices; and subclass 84 for subclasses 271+ for electric condensers, per se. illuminating devices with a fluorescent or (Lines With Other Classes and Within This phosphorescent material. (Lines With Other Class, “Distinction Between Discharge Classes and Within This Class, “Fluorescent Devices And Electric Condensers, etc.”) And Phosphorescent Coating And Composi- 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, tions”). subclasses 117+ for the lightning arresters gen- 362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in erally. (Lines With Other Classes and Within the notes thereto, provides for all lamps includ- This Class, “Insulators With Arcing Devices,” ing those of the discharge device which have a the excluded types of lightning arresters.) separable optical device, light shade, light obscuring means, lamp protector or other illuminating device combined therewith. In the art in Class 362, and the related classes specified

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in the notes thereto will be found devices such Within This Class, “Combined With a Sup- as lanterns, projectors, signal lights, etc., where port”). the lamp may be readily replaced or changed 392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, sub- without modifying or altering the structure of classes 407+ provides for electrical heaters the electric lamp. The devices in Class 362 and which include an electric lamp and a reflector, the classes referred to in the notes thereto ordi- casing or other housing. See above for electric narily include an electrical socket or other con- lamps provided with structure for holding a nector into which the lamp base is placed. material to be heated. (Lines With Other (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Classes and Within This Class, “Combined Class, “Combined With Optical Device Or With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Having Special Ray Transparent Envelope, Envelope Protective Means”). etc.”) 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate sub- 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Sys- classes for a joint between a metal member and tems, and Elements, appropriate subclasses, a glass or ceramic member. (Lines With Other particular subclasses 156+ for processes of Classes and Within This Class, “Bushings, treating materials with ray energy within a Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conduc- nuclear reactor, or for processes and apparatus tors”). for carrying out nuclear changes by the use of 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate sub- ray or similar energy. See subclasses 100+ for classes for the joint between an envelope and fusion reactions and reactors and subclasses its attached base where no structure of the 347+ for fission reactions and reactors. (Lines envelope other than that providing for the joint With Other Classes and Within This Class, is included. See References to Other Classes “Methods and Apparatus for Subjecting for other classes which provide for joints. Objects, Articles and Materials to Ray Energy (Lines With Other Classes and Within This or Electrons or Ions Generated by Discharge Class, “With Attached Base”). Devices or Lamps,” for such methods and 403, Joints and Connections, is a class of joints of apparatus.) general application. See the search notes 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, thereto for other classes which provide for subclasses 193+ for source supports, per se. joints or connections. (Lines With Other (“Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Classes and Within This Class, “Electrodes Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means”). Combined With Connector Structure”) 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 417, Pumps, subclasses 48+ provides for pumps uti- subclasses 91+ for electronic circuits; sub- lizing a space discharge. See subclass 49 of classes 119+ for sources; and subclasses 193+ Class 417 for a statement of the line. (Lines for source supports. (“X-ray Tubes And Tar- With Other Classes and Within This Class, gets”). “Gas Pumps And Fans”) 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 417, Pumps, subclasses 48+ for electrical or getter- subclasses 91+ provides for systems for sup- type means. (Lines With Other Classes and plying electric current and/or potential to X-ray Within This Class, “Getters And Gas or Vapor tubes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within Generating Materials”). This Class, “Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate Discharge Device Systems,” for discharge subclasses for metal strands, filaments or wire devices and lamp systems.) made of alloys or single metals. (Lines With 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, Other Classes and Within This Class, “Coated appropriate subclasses for subjecting objects to Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions”) X-rays or gamma rays. (Lines With Other 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, sub- Classes and Within This Class, “Methods and classes 445+ provides for carbon, per se, and Apparatus for Subjecting Objects, Articles And carbon articles defined solely in terms of the Materials to Ray Energy or Electrons or Ions material from which they are made. (Lines Generated by Discharge Devices or Lamps,” With Other Classes and Within This Class, for such methods and apparatus.) “Coated Electrodes or Shields And Composi- 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, tions”). subclasses 119+ for sources, combined with 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for pro- supports. (Lines With Other Classes and cesses of coating, per se, wherein the product is

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an electrical product. (Lines With Other 431, Combustion, subclasses 358+ for flash lamps Classes and Within This Class, “Methods And in which a solid fuel is burned and which have Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes”) electric igniting means for initiating combus- 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 64+ for coating tion of the fuel, e.g., “photoflash bulbs”. The processes, per se, wherein the product is an distinction between a photoflash bulb found in electrical product with a fluorescent or phos- Class 431, Combustion, subclasses 358+ and phorescent base or coating. (Lines With Other an electric lamp is that in the photoflash bulb Classes and Within This Class, “Fluorescent there is a solid fuel usually aluminum or mag- And Phosphorescent Coating And Composi- nesium foil and an electric filament for igniting tions”). the foil so that the foil burns and the light is 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for pro- due to the combustion of the foil. In other cesses of coating, per se, wherein the product is types of photoflash bulbs the filament is made an electrical product. (Lines With Other of a material which burns and the light is due to Classes and Within This Class, “Coated Elec- the combustion of the filament. In an incan- trodes or Shields And Compositions”). descent electric lamp the light is due only to 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub- the heat generated by the current passing classes 34.1+ for hollow articles (e.g., lamp through the filament and the filament is not bulbs) with a coating thereon; subclasses 426+ intended to be burned. The lamp ordinarily is for laminated glass structure; subclasses 913 provided with a noncombustible gas or a vac- and 917 for phosphorescent, fluorescent, and uum to prevent combustion of the filament electroluminescent; and subclasses 375+ for while the devices in Class 431 are provided coated conductors or conductors or emitters or with an atmosphere of combustible gas. electrodes with emissive coatings thereon. 439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclass 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub- providing for the electrical connector structure. classes 544+ is the generic place for all metal For example, where an electrode is composed or adjacent metals containing materials not of two rod-like portions and one portion is pro- elsewhere classified. (Lines With Other vided with a hollow screw threaded socket and Classes and Within This Class, “Bushings, the other is provided with the screw threaded Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conduc- end to fit into the socket, the patent is classified tors”). elsewhere. However, if the structure includes 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub- means such as a portion of higher electrical classes 375+ and 544+ provide for a rod, conductivity to insure good electrical contact strand, fiber or filament with a coating thereon, between the portions, the patent would be clas- which coated products may be electron emis- sified in Class 439. (Lines With Other Classes sive or miscellaneous conductors such as metal and Wtihin This Class, M, Electrodes And rods, wires or filaments with various coating Shields). thereon, including insulating coatings and also 439, Electrical Connectors, for device with separa- for electrodes which are merely composite ble electrical connector, for device with elec- laminates defined in terms of the composition trical connector and for electrode with of the components. (Lines With Other Classes connector structure; and for electrode and and Within This Class, “Coated Electrodes or shield with joint between parts; subclasses Shields And Compositions”). 607.01 through 607.05 for connector with 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub- anti-inductive shield; and subclasses 611+ for classes 34.1+ for a hollow or container type connector having vitreous envelope secured article (e.g., lamp bulb) defined only as a base thereto. with a coating thereon, subclasses 426+ for a 439, Electrical Connectors, provides for an electri- nonstructural composite web or sheet including cal connector, per se. Also included in that a layer of glass, and subclasses 913 and 917 class is a combination not provided for else- (cross-reference art collections) for a product where, or of such nature as to be best grouped which is responsive to light (e.g., fluorescent or with the electrical connector. For example, a phosphorescent) and a product which is elec- “named” lamp combined with a specific con- tro-luminescent. (Lines With Other Classes nector is included in Class 439. The reference and Within This Class, “Defined Only By to a “filament” or to the support structure is Composition”). considered to make a claimed lamp “signifi-

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cant” whereas a reference to the “envelope” is one or more parts of a lamp or discharge not considered to be more than naming of the device; subclass 61 provides for the corre- lamp. Further examples, included in Class 439 sponding apparatus. (Lines With Other Classes is the combination of an electrical lamp base and Within This Class, “Methods, Apparatus with an “incandescent” lamp, a “fluorescent” For Manufacturing/Repairing Electric Lamps lamp, or a “gas filled” lamp, provided that or Discharge Devices or Salvaging Parts”). there is no claimed reference to other illuminat- 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component ing portions of the lamp. Reference to the par- or Device Manufacturing, subclasses 35+ for ticular shape of the envelope will not exclude methods of manufacturing electrodes; and sub- placement of a patent from Class 439 if no classes 46+ for methods of manufacturing elec- structure is recited which limits the envelope to trodes. use with a lamp or discharge device. (Lines 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component With Other Classes and Within This Class, or Device Manufacturing, is the generic place “Lamps And Discharge Devices Combined for methods and apparatus for manufacturing With A Separable Electric Connector”). electrodes for electric lamps and discharge 439, Electrical Connectors, provides for a device devices. See subclasses 35+ and 46+ for the having significant electrical connector struc- processes of making electrodes. See the search ture combined with named other structure or notes to these subclasses for the classes which with such other structure as is not provided for provide for either process or apparatus for elsewhere. See the discussion above. See manufacturing electrodes. (Lines With Other especially subclasses 611+ for the combina- Classes and Within This Class, “Methods and tion of an electrical connector with a vitreous Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes.) envelope secured thereto. (Lines With Other 501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclasses 11+ for Classes and Within This Class, “Lamps And lamp and space discharge device envelopes Discharge Devices Which Include Electrical defined only as being made of glass composi- Connector Structure”). tions and for glass compositions, per se. (Lines 439, Electrical Connectors, provides for a device With Other Classes and Within This Class, having electrical connector structure where no “Defined Only By Composition”). significant structure for the device is recited other than that necessary to provide for or to cooperate with electrical connector structure. SECTION V - GLOSSARY This class includes an electrode for an electric lamp or space discharge device where the only ANODES structure of the electrode recited is that necessary to provide for or to cooperate with electri- An electrode which acts as the positive terminal of the cal connector structure; see subclasses 607.01 discharge or which acts as the positive terminal of an through 607.05 for the combination of an electric field to cause a discharge or accelerate the elec- electrical connector and means to shield the trons in a discharge. See the definition of cathode connector portions from radiating electromag- above, and the definition of control electrode below. netic waves for which see. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, “Electrodes ANTI-CATHODE Combined With Connector Structure”). 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component Same as “target” or anode. Used in reference to X-ray or Device Manufacturing, is the generic place tube anodes. for a process or an apparatus for manufacturing an electric lamp, a discharge device, an elec- AUXILIARY STARTING ELECTRODE trode or another part thereof. The search notes for Class 445 should be consulted as to the An electrode designed for use in a discharge device hav- other classes and subclasses which provide for ing at least two principal discharge electrodes and the processes or apparatus used in manufacture an auxiliary starting electrode. The starting electrode is electric lamp, discharge device or a part designed to be connected in the circuit so that the dis- thereof; see subclass 2 for a process which is charge is initiated between it and one of the principal limited to use in repairing or reconditioning a electrodes, the auxiliary discharge conditioning the dis- lamp or discharge device, or to use in salvaging charge space so that a discharge between the principal

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electrodes can be established. An auxiliary starting electrode does not necessarily differ in structure or CATHODE material from any other electrode. Auxiliary starting electrodes are usually simple electrodes, a wire or rod, An electrode which acts as the negative device. In some and are usually not formed from as heavy or strong discharge devices, such as spark gaps, there is no differ- material as the principal electrodes. Usually an auxil- ence in structure between the cathode and anode. Con- iary starting electrode is placed close to a principal elec- sequently, the use of the words “cathode” and “anode” trode so that the discharge may be initiated between the have been avoided except where there is some signifi- auxiliary starting electrode and the main electrode at a cance in structure between the two electrodes. smaller voltage than is necessary to initiate the discharge between the principal electrodes. The auxiliary CATHODE RAY DEVICE starting electrode may be supplied with current only during the starting period or it may be supplied with cur- A discharge device having means for forming the elec- rent during the operation of the device so that a continu- tric discharge into a restricted beam or ray, usually pen- ous discharge takes place between it an done of the cil-like. principal electrodes to assure ionization in the discharge space so that the discharge between the principal elec- CATHANODE trodes may take place at the proper time. The latter type of auxiliary starting electrodes are also known as “hold- An electrode designed to serve as an anode with respect ing electrodes”. Where a plurality of auxiliary starting to a cathode and to be heated by the discharge so that electrodes are used, they may be spaced at intervals another surface of the electrode emits electrons to a sec- between the principal electrodes so that the discharge ond anode. See subclass 305 for discharge devices hav- may first be established between one principal electrode ing a cathanode. and the nearer auxiliary starting electrode, then to a more remote auxiliary starting electrode and so on until CONTROL ELECTRODE the discharge is established between the principal electrodes. If a plurality of auxiliary starting electrodes are An electrode designed to influence or control the dis- used, one may be placed close to each of a plurality of charge current flowing between other electrodes. It may principal electrodes. In as much as the determination of depend for its effect on either its electro-static effect or whether or not an electrode is an auxiliary starting elec- on the current flow thereto. The most common type of trode depends upon the circuit connections to the dis- control electrode is the control grid. Since, however, the charge device, and this class includes only the structure grid may be used as an anode, and the anode as a grid in of the discharge device, per se, only in subclasses 170+ many types of discharge devices, the use of the expres- (liquid electrode discharge devices) and subclasses 596+ sion “control electrode” has been avoided where possi- and 601+ (gas or vapor-type discharge devices) is the ble and similar structures placed together irrespective of classification based upon one of the electrodes being an whether the disclosure indicated that the grid electrode auxiliary starting electrode. is to be used as an anode or control electrode. Patents relating to discharge devices having one or more grid BASE electrodes interposed between a cathode and an anode are classified in subclasses 293+ or in the subclasses A member attached to the lamp or discharge device so referred to in the notes to these subclasses. See subclass that it may be attached to a supporting socket or sup- 308 and the subclasses referred to in the notes thereto ported on a surface. The base usually includes electrical for other discharge devices having a control electrode. connector means for connecting the lamp or discharge device in a circuit. Where the lamp or discharge device DIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE: is provided with an envelope, the base is usually attached to the envelope, as by cementing, or the enve- A filament designed to have its terminals connected to a lope is formed so as to have an integral base portion. source of current, the filament being heated by the current passing through it. CASING ELECTRIC LAMP A container or enclosure for a lamp or discharge device, or a part thereof. See Envelope above. A device for converting electrical energy into visible light or ultraviolet light. Most lamps also generate

February1 2011 February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 313 - 21 infrared rays, but infrared ray generators are included only when they have structure analogous to electric GAS OR VAPOR GENERATING MATERIAL lamps or electric space discharge devices. See the notes below. Electric lamps may be in the form of electric Solid or liquid material which is placed within the enve- space discharge devices, for which see the next para- lope and generates a gas or vapor by virtue of a chemi- graph. cal change, by volatilization, or by giving off an absorbed gas or vapor. It may do this during normal ELECTRIC SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICES operation or it may be caused to do so by treatment pre- liminary to placing the device in operation. (the shorter expression “DISCHARGE DEVICES” is used in these definitions) Any device which is intended GETTERS to have an electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at least part of the path followed by the dis- Materials which, when used in closed containers, reduce charge being constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum. the gas or vapor content of the container. A getter may react with the gas or vapor in the container to form a ELECTRODE solid nonvaporizable material, or to adsorb or absorb the gas or vapor, or may reduce the amount of the gas or A filament or glower of an electric lamp or a member vapor in the container in any other way. The material arranged to emit, and/or collect, and/or control the may be a getter for one gas or vapor and may not have movement of electrons or ions in a discharge device. any effect upon another gas or vapor.

EMISSIVE CATHODE GLOWER

A low work function electrode. Any body made of a material which when heated by the passage of an electric current therethrough emits light ENVELOPE rays. The term glower includes filaments and also includes other bodies which are not of filamentary A gas tight enclosure for an electric lamp or discharge dimensions such as, rods and bars made of second class device. It may be evacuated or filled with a gas or conductors. vapor. In general the distinction between an envelope and a mere jacket, casing or housing is that the envelope GRID ELECTRODE is sealed, so as to be gas tight. An electrode having one or more apertures therein, usu- FILAMENT ally formed of open-work material, such as wire mesh, perforated sheet material, or of wires or bars as of coiled A wire, ribbon or rod conducting member. It may be wire, or other foraminous structure, and sometimes used made of metal or nonmetal. In this class filaments, per as the control electrode in a discharge device. As se, are classified in subclasses 341+ irrespective of pointed out in the definition of “control electrode” whether the filament is to be used in a lamp or discharge above, the terms “grid electrode” and “control elec- device, and irrespective of whether the filament is to be trode” are not synonymous in this class. heated by passing a current through the filament (directly heated cathode) or is to be heated by the dis- HEATED CATHODE charge in a discharge device (see thermionic cathode). Either a directly heated cathode or an indirectly heated FLUORESCENT OR PHOSPHORESCENT MATE- cathode. RIAL HOLDING ELECTRODES A material which absorbs radiant energy of one wave length (e.g., light) and is excited thereby to cause it to See the definition of auxiliary starting electrode above. emit radiant energy of another wave length (e.g., light of another wave length), or a material which is excitable by INCANDESCENT LAMP the impact of electrons, ions, or analogous energy (e.g., gamma rays) thereon to emit light energy without Lamps which are provided with a filament or glower becoming incandescent.

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adapted to be heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current therethrough. A device provided with means sensitive to light or analogous rays for altering the operation of the device. INDIRECTLY-HEATED CATHODE (EQUIPOTEN- TIAL CATHODE) PHOTO-SENSITIVE CATHODE

A cathode designed to be heated to its emitting tempera- An electrode which emits electrons when subjected to ture by a separate heating element. the action of light or analogous rays. Discharge devices having a photosensitive cathode or other photosensitive IONIC CATHODE electrode are classified in subclasses 523+ in this class. See photosensitive electrode above. See the class defi- A virtual cathode formed by a discharge in a gas or nition for the classification of photosensitive cathodes, vapor between two electrodes, the discharge serving to per se. supply electrons to a third electrode. See subclass 588 for discharge devices having an ionic cathode. PHOTO-SENSITIVE ELECTRODE

JACKET An electrode which has its electrical properties changed by the action of light or analogous ray energy. The ray Same as casing above. energy may be X-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, or any analogous radiation. See the class definition for the LEAD-IN classification of photosensitive electrodes, per se.

The conductor used to transmit electric current or poten- PYRO-ELECTRIC LAMP tial from the exterior of the envelope or casing into the interior of the envelope or casing. Where the envelope is An electric lamp which has as the light emitting body a made of glass it usually consists of a conductor which material which is a second class conductor. The lamps passes through the wall of the envelope and which is are designed to have the pyro-electric body heated by a sealed to the glass by a glass-to-metal seal. separate source until the pyro-electric material becomes conductive and then the current flow through the pyro- LOW WORK FUNCTION ELECTRODE (COLD electric body maintains the second class conductor CATHODE, CATHODES CONTAINING OR material at a temperature at which it emits light. COATED WITH ELECTRON EMISSIVE MATE- RIAL) SECOND CLASS CONDUCTORS

A cathode containing or coated with a material which A material having a very high electrical resistance at readily emits electrons, i.e., a material which has a low ordinary temperatures and a low resistance when heated. work function. Examples of such materials are the Glowers formed of oxides, such as Th2 or the rare earth alkali metals and their oxides, alkaline earth metals and oxides, used in the pyro-electric (e.g., Nernst) type of their oxides, thorium, magnesium. The expression “low incandescent lamp are examples of second class con- work function electrode” includes thermionic electrodes ductors. which contain or are coated with electron emissive material, photosensitive cathodes, secondary emissive SECONDARY EMISSIVE CATHODE cathodes as well as cathodes which emit electrons without being heated. A cathode designed to emit electrons by virtue of the impact by electrons upon the electron emissive surface. PHOTO-CELLS See the class definition for the classification of secondary emissive cathodes, per se. See cathanode below. A device to be used in an electrical circuit which is provided with means responsive to light or analogous rays SHIELDS for altering the operation of the device. The only photocells included in this class are photosensitive discharge Structures used in lamps and discharge devices to mod- devices and photosensitive electric lamps. ify the electrical characteristics thereof, or structures which are used to protect the lamp or discharge device PHOTO-SENSITIVE

February1 2011 February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 313 - 23 from external influences, or structures which are used to which the principal electron or ion stream impinges. protect parts of the device from influences, such as elec- See the definition of anode above. tron bombardment, originating in another part of the device, and other structures used for protective pur- THERMIONIC CATHODE poses. Shields do not include mere electrodes even though the electrode is defined as being a shielding elec- A cathode designed to operate at an elevated tempera- trode. Where an electrode of a discharge device is pro- ture. The expression, “thermionic cathode” includes vided with shielding structure in addition to the directly heated cathodes, indirectly heated cathodes, and structure provided for influencing the electric space dis- also cathodes which are designed to be heated by ionic charge, such additional structure is considered to be bombardment to the electron emitting temperature. shielding structure. Examples of such additional shielding are where an indirectly heated cathode is provided THREE OR MORE ELECTRODE DISCHARGE with a flange for shielding the discharge space from the DEVICES influence of the cathode heater current, or where an anode, grid, or lead wire is provided with shielding Any discharge device having three or more electrodes means to shield the lead-in wires from the effects of whether all of the electrodes have lead-wires for con- electrostatic fields. Metal or conductive envelopes for nection to the supply circuit or not. In some of the three discharge devices are not considered to be shields where or more electrode discharge devices, the electrodes are the envelope is designed to function as an electrode of arranged with one or more electrodes disposed in the the discharge device, such as an anode. Where the metal interelectrode space or in the discharge path between or conductive envelope is disclosed as being provided two other electrodes, and have only the outer electrodes for shielding purposes and not an electrode, the enve- provided with lead-wires for connecting to the supply lope is considered to be a shield. circuit, the discharge passing from the outer electrodes to the interposed electrode so that the discharge device SPARK PLUG has a plurality of series connected discharge spaces.

A unitary spark gap having a plurality of insulated elec- X-RAY TUBE trodes arranged out of contact with each other so that the space discharge is a “jump spark” and usually having a A discharge device designed to generate X-rays. shell or sleeve designed to be attached to an opening in an internal combustion engine or other device, the shell SUBCLASSES or sleeve carrying one or more electrodes within it which are insulated from the shell or sleeve by an insu- 1 PLURAL UNIT: lating bushing or other insulation. The shell or sleeve This subclass is indented under the class defini- often carries an electrode which cooperates with the tion. Subject matter wherein the plurality of other insulated electrode to form the jump-spark gap. electric lamps or discharge devices or an elec- Included are the devices known as spark plugs usually tric lamp and a discharge device are structur- used on the ordinary automotive internal combustion ally combined in a single device to form a engine. Also included are spark plugs for other uses single unitary device. which are similar in structure. It does not include ignitors where the spark is made by moving the electrodes (1) Note. This or the indented subclasses do into contact and then separating them to draw the spark. not include the following subject matter It does not include ignitors which are not similar in even though such subject matter is structure to the automobile spark plug even if they are of within the subclass definition: (a) An the jump spark type. Spark plugs having only a single incandescent lamp having a plurality of electrode which are designed to be used with some other filaments or glowers all within the same device, as the cylinder head, so as to form a jump spark envelope is not included in this or the therewith are also excluded. indented subclasses but will be found in subclass 316 below, or in one of the sub- TARGET classes specified in the search notes of that subclass; (b) Structural combina- In an X-ray tube, cathode-ray tube, or other beam type tions of an incandescent lamp and a dis- discharge device, the anode or the member against charge device where the filament of the lamp is connected in shunt with the dis-

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charge electrodes of the discharge device. See Class 315, Electric Lamp SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: and Discharge Devices: Systems, sub- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge classes 46+ for this subject matter; (c) Devices: Consumable Electrodes, Structural combinations of an incandes- subclasses 7+, for the combination of cent lamp and a discharge device where a consumable electrode discharge the lamp filament is connected in series device (e.g., an arc lamp or similar with the discharge electrodes of the dis- device having means for feeding the charge device. See Class 315, Electric electrodes together as they are con- Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, sumed) and another type of discharge subclass 49 for this subject matter; (d) device or electric lamp. Structural combinations consisting of a 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge firing gap of a spark plug, and an intensi- Devices: Systems, subclasses 3+, 32, fier gap connected in series therewith, 35+, and 64+ for the structural combi- see subclasses 123+ for this subject mat- nation of a plurality of discharge ter. devices, or lamps, or a discharge device and a lamp where the structural (2) Note. In many of the devices in this and combination includes a circuit ele- the indented subclasses the plurality of ment (e.g., switch, impedance, etc.), devices are enclosed within the same see subclasses 3+ where one of the envelope. devices is a cathode-ray tube, subclass 32 where the combination includes a (3) Note. Where the subject matter includes lamp and a discharge device, sub- a plurality of discharge devices which classes 35+ where the combination are structurally combined, to be classi- includes a plurality of discharge fied in this or the indented subclasses devices, and subclasses 64+ where the there must not be a common electrode combination includes a plurality of for the plurality of discharge devices. lamp filaments (multifilament lamps). For example, discharge devices having a In the devices in Class 315, the circuit single cathode and a plurality of anodes element may be connected between which cooperate with the single cathode electrodes of different ones of the are excluded from this and the indented combined devices, or to an electrode subclasses even though the disclosure of one of the devices, or not con- states that the device may be used in nected to any of the combined devices place of a plurality of discharge device. but be merely mounted in the enve- Included in this and the indented sub- lope, base or other part of the unitary classes are structural combinations of device. For the structural combina- plural discharge devices and lamps or a tions of incandescent lamps and dis- discharge device and a lamp where there charge devices connected in circuit is an interelectrode connection between relation, which are classified in Class the electrodes of the different devices. 315, see (1) Note, parts b and c, above. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or CLASS: Devices, subclasses 9, 92 and 193+ 306, and the subclasses specified in the for plural source systems or devices. notes thereto for discharge devices which are provided with a plurality of 2.1 Cathode-ray tube: anodes and/or cathodes. Included in This subclass is indented under subclass 1. subclasses 306+ are space discharge Subject matter in which one of the devices is a devices having a plurality of similar cathode-ray generating device. gaps connected in series, such as for example, a row of spaced sphere elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trodes in which a discharge takes CLASS: place along the length of the row. 364+, for cathode ray devices, per se.

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classified in this class but in Class 315. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: The devices in this subclass have a con- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ductive connection but no more. Devices: Systems, subclasses 3+ for devices which include the structural SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: combination of a plurality of cathode- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ray tubes and which have a circuit ele- Devices: Systems, (see (1) Note) ment (e.g., switch, inductance, con- above, and subclasses 3+, 32+, 35+, densers, resistances, etc.) structurally 64+ for the structural combination of combined therewith. See especially a plurality of discharge devices, or subclasses 5.14+ for cathode-ray tube lamps, or a discharge device and a circuits wherein a plurality of rays lamp where the structural combina- pass through or in a hollow distributed tion includes a circuit element (e.g., parameter device, such as a wave switch, impedance, etc.), connected guide, cavity resonator, or coaxial between electrodes of different ones line; and subclasses 5.16+, 5.27, 5.28, of such devices. See the notes to sub- and 5.39+ for cathode-ray tube system class 1 for the subclasses which pro- including a plurality of hollow distrib- vide for the different types of devices. uted parameter devices having a cathode ray passing through or in. See 5 Control electrode unit: subclass 9 for systems for supplying This subclass is indented under subclass 1. electric current and/or potential to a Subject matter in which one of the structurally plurality of cathode-ray tubes. combined devices is a discharge device with a 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or control electrode. Devices, subclass 92 for the structural combination of a plurality of X- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ray tubes and a circuit element which CLASS: is combined therewith. 308, and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for other discharge 3 Inter-electrode connection: devices which are provided with a This subclass is indented under subclass 1. control electrode. Subject matter in which one electrode of one of the devices is electrically connected to an elec- 6 Plural control electrode units: trode of another of the devices. This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter which includes a plurality of (1) Note. Excluded from this subclass and discharge devices each having a control elec- class are structural combinations of a trode. discharge device and an incandescent lamp where the lamp filament is con- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: nected either in series or in shunt relation 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge with the discharge electrodes. The Devices: Systems, subclasses 3+ and excluded devices will be found in Class 35+ where the structural combination 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge also includes a circuit element (e.g., Devices: Systems, subclasses 46+ where switch, impedance, etc.), see sub- the filament is connected in shunt rela- classes 3+ where the devices are cath- tion to the discharge electrodes and in ode-ray tubes and subclasses 35+ for subclass 49 where the filament is con- other plural discharge devices. nected in series relation with the discharge electrodes. 7 WITH EVACUATING PUMP: This subclass is indented under the class defini- (2) Note. If the connection between the tion. Subject matter where the lamp or dis- electrodes includes a circuit element charge device is provided with an envelope and such as a resistor, capacitor, inductance, has an evacuating pump connected to the enve- switch, or the like the combination is not lope for evacuating the envelope.

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(1) Note. In the devices in this subclass the 8 ARC AND SEPARATE INCANDESCENT evacuating pump is designed for connec- BODY: tion to the lamp or discharge device dur- This subclass is indented under the class defini- ing the use of the lamp or discharge tion. Discharge devices which have a body device. Where the arrangement is only other than an electrode, placed adjacent to the for use during the manufacturing of the discharge space and which is designed to be lamp or discharge device see the refer- heated to incandescence by the space dis- ence to Class 226 below. charge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. The body which is designed to be CLASS: heated to incandescence is not designed 549+, for devices under the class definition to be connected into the circuit in any provided with envelopes and having a way but is only a light emitting body. getter, a gas or vapor generating means or a pressure regulating means SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- associated therewith. CLASS: 305, and the subclasses specified in the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: notes to the definitions of that sub- 53, Package Making, subclasses 79+ and class for discharge devices which 403+ for methods of and apparatus for have an electrode designed to be gas filling and/or evacuating recepta- heated by the discharge, including cles combined with closing including devices having cathanodes. lamps and discharge devices, and see the Notes to subclass 403 for the dis- 9 FILAMENT AND SEPARATE INCAN- position of related art. DESCENT BODY: 141, Fluent Material Handling, With This subclass is indented under the class defini- Receiver or Receiver Coacting tion. Devices having a filament and an addi- Means, subclasses 4, 8 and 65+ for tional body other than an electrode designed to methods of and apparatus for inducing be heated to incandescence by the filament. a gas or vapor into or evacuating the envelope of an electric lamp or space (1) Note. The body designed to be heated to discharge device. incandescence is not designed to be con- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge nected in the circuit in anyway but is Devices: Systems, subclasses 108+ designed only to be a light emitting for electric lamp or a gas or vapor body. type discharge device systems where the lamp or discharge device is pro- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- vided with means for regulating the CLASS: pressure within the envelope of the 14, for pyroelectric type electric lamps device and the system includes means which include a body designed to be to supply electrical energy to the lamp heated from a separate source such as or discharge device or to control the an electric filament. The body being a pressure regulating means. second class conductor and being con- 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or nected in the circuit so that when Devices, subclass 123 for X-ray tube heated it will conduct electric current systems where the X-ray tube is pro- and be heated by the current flowing vided with means for controlling the through it. pressure within the envelope of the 305+, and the subclasses specified in the tube. notes thereto for discharge devices 417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for which have an electrode which is miscellaneous evacuating pumps. designed to be heated to incandescence by the electric space discharge

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between the cathode and the elec- devices which have means in addition to trode. the filament or cathode for modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge 10 WITH TEMPERATURE INDICATOR: device. Note that discharge devices hav- This subclass is indented under the class defini- ing liquid electrodes (e.g., mercury tion. Subject matter where the lamp or dis- vapor device) and electric heaters there- charge device is provided with means to indi- for are in subclass 16 and discharge cate the temperature of some part of the device. devices having liquid electrodes and other types of temperature modifiers for SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the liquid electrode are in subclass 29. 374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 100+ for temperature mea- (4) Note. See the class definition for other surement, per se. classes which provide for the miscellaneous heat transfer apparatus such as 11 WITH TEMPERATURE MODIFIER: envelopes and casings for lamps or dis- This subclass is indented under the class defini- charge devices with temperature modify- tion. Subject matter where a lamp, discharge ing means. device or an electrode therefor is provided with means or is combined with means for modify- (5) Note. Discharge devices and lamps having the temperature of the device, the electrode, ing a movable electrode actuated by a or some other part thereof. thermally responsive means such as a thermostat, with or without a heating (1) Note. Neither this nor any of the means for the thermally actuated moving indented subclasses provide for electric means, are not classified in this and lamps including those of the discharge indented subclasses, but are found in device type, photosensitive discharge subclass 151. devices nor generators of invisible radiation such as X-ray tubes, ultraviolet ray SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- generators in combination with a separa- CLASS: ble casing for the lamp or device which 151, see (5) Note above. is provided with means for modifying the temperature of the lamp or device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: See the class definition for the classes 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge which provide for the excluded subject Devices: Consumable Electrodes, matter. subclasses 26+ for consumable electrode discharge devices provided with (2) Note. Indented subclass 26 provides for temperature modifying means and the discharge devices and lamps which are electrical systems therefor. provided with an envelope formed of 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge two spaced apart integral walls, the Devices: Systems, subclass 50 for space between the walls being evacu- electric lamps and discharge devices ated, gas filled, or otherwise containing which are provided with means for means to modify the temperature of the modifying the temperature of at least lamp or discharge device. See the class part of the lamp or discharge device, definition for the classification of double the temperature modifying means wall envelopes, per se. being either combined with or forming an electrical impedance element. (3) Note. Discharge devices and lamps pro- In subclass 50, of Class 315 will be vided only with directly heated fila- found, for example, discharge devices ments, indirectly heated cathodes or which are provided with means to other types of thermionic cathodes, are conduct a cooling fluid to the dis- not included in this or the indented sub- charge device where the conduits for classes. This and the indented subclasses conducting the cooling fluid are provide only for lamps and discharge arranged to form a high resistance

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path between a discharge device and change and having no means to influ- the source of cooling fluid. See sub- ence the thermal characteristics of the classes 112+ and the subclasses speci- spark plug. fied in the notes to those subclasses for electric lamp and discharge device SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: systems wherein the lamp or dis- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- charge device is provided with means tors, subclasses 15.3 and 152 for for modifying its temperature and the spark plug type electrical bushings (a system includes means to supply cur- spark plug with no sparking elec- rent to the lamp or discharge device or trodes claimed) having temperature to control the temperature modifying modifying means. See subclass 15.3 means. where the bushing is combined with means for feeding, circulating or dis- 11.5 Spark plug type: tributing a temperature modifying This subclass is indented under subclass 11. fluid. Unitary devices known as spark plugs. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 190+ and 485+ for an electrical con- (1) Note. See the glossary of this class defi- nector, including the spark plug type, nition, for a definition of spark plugs. In with temperature modifying means. general, the spark plugs classified herein are the jump-spark type found in the gas- 12 Recirculating systems: oline engine of an automobile. This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter in which the temperature modi- (2) Note. This subclass contains patents fying means includes a closed path for circulat- relating to spark plugs where the temper- ing the temperature modifying means from the ature modification of some part of the lamp or discharge device to a heat exchange plug is material. If the plug is provided means and then back to the lamp or discharge with gaskets or joints are of high or low device to again modify the temperature of the heat conductivity, the patent would be lamp or discharge device. included. A plug having gaskets or joints formed of particular materials SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: would be classified in subclasses 144+ if 165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 104.11+ it was not stated the materials were recirculating heat exchange system of selected for their temperature modifica- general application. tion properties. 13 Having control means for the temperature (3) Note. Preheating of the gas charge modifier: (before the spark jumps) by heat left in This subclass is indented under subclass 11. the spark plug from a previous explosion Subject matter in which a control means is pro- stroke cycle is not basis for classification vided for controlling the operation of the tem- in this subclass unless such preheating is perature modifying means. accomplished by means which are especially provided to alter the temperature (1) Note. Included in this subclass are dis- of the spark plug. charge devices in casings provided with apertures which are controlled by ther- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- mostatic means so as to regulate the CLASS: amount of cooling air which flows over 120, for spark plugs having means to feed a the discharge device. If the thermostatic fluid, such as priming fluid or air, means controls an electric circuit which where there is no disclosure that the in turn controls an electric circuit which temperature of the spark plug is in turn controls electrical means for con- affected by the fluid feed. trolling the apertures, the patent is 126, for spark plugs having means to move excluded from this class and will be an electrode in response to a thermal

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found in Class 315. See the reference to plying electric current to the glower or class 315 below. the heater element, and subclass 359 for miscellaneous systems for supply- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ing electric current to pyroelectric 165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 279+ for lamps. miscellaneous heat exchange appara- 338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 25+ tus provided with automatic control for electrical resistors whose resis- means. tance value is responsive to a change 236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity in ambient temperature. Regulation, appropriate subclasses for automatic temperature regulation, per 15 Electric heater: se. This subclass is indented under subclass 11. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Subject matter in which the temperature modi- Devices: Systems, subclass 117 and fier is an electric heater. the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for discharge devices and (1) Note. This subclass does not include lamps which are provided with tem- lamps or discharge devices where the perature modifying means and which only heating means for the lamp or dis- include electrical circuit means for charge device is a light emitting fila- controlling the operation of the tem- ment, a directly heated or indirectly perature modifying means. heated cathode or other thermionic cathode or where the heating means is a 14 Pyroelectric type device: means for heating a gas or vapor gener- This subclass is indented under subclass 11. ating material (e.g., a getter). See sub- Subject matter having a glower formed of a classes 549+ for the discharge devices second class conductor designed for connec- and lamps with electric heating means tion into an electrical circuit, and having means for a gas or vapor generating material. for heating the glower to render it conductive. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. The devices in this subclass are CLASS: mostly pyroelectric lamps. 14, where the lamp is a pyroelectric lamp and is provided with an electric heater (2) Note. See “Glossary” in the class defini- to heat the glower. tion for a definition of second class conductor, glower, pyroelectric lamps. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices: Systems, subclasses 115+ CLASS: for electric lamp and discharge device 9, for devices under class definition systems where the lamp or discharge which include a filament and a body device is provided with an electrical not designed to be connected into an heater to modify the temperature of electrical circuit which is heated to the lamp or discharge device and the incandescence by the filament. system includes means to control or 326+, for the structure of pyroelectric glow- supply current to the heater or the ers, per se. lamp or discharge device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 16 For liquid electrode: 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for This subclass is indented under subclass 15. pyroelectric glower compositions. Subject matter in which the lamp or discharge 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge device is provided with a liquid electrode and Devices: Systems, subclasses 115+ the electric heater is provided to heat the liquid for pyroelectric lamp systems having electrode. an electric heater for the glower and circuit means for controlling or sup-

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ting material. See the class definition for SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the classification of double-wall enve- CLASS: lopes, per se. 29, for other devices under subclass 11 having liquid electrode and having (3) Note. The jacket or casing which temperature modifying means for the encloses the discharge device or lamp liquid electrode. must have its walls spaced from the 163+, for other liquid electrode discharge envelope of the lamp or discharge devices. device. Where the device is provided with a sleeve with heat exchange means SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: such as radiating fins which fit over and 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge into contact with the envelope of the Devices: Systems, subclasses 115+ device, the device is excluded from this for lamp and discharge device sys- and the indented subclass and will be tems where the lamp or discharge found in subclass 44 below. device is provided with a liquid electrode and an electric heater therefor, (4) Note. Included as separable casings and the system including means to control jackets are structures formed of coiled or to supply current to the heater or to conduits which are designed to receive the lamp or discharge device. the discharge device and to transfer heat to or from the envelope of the discharge 17 Double wall, jacket or casing for envelope: device. This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter in which a lamp or discharge (5) Note. See the class definition for other device is provided with a an integral spaced classes which provide for the miscella- double walled envelope, and discharge devices neous heat transfer apparatus such as which are provided with envelopes and in envelopes and casings for lamps or dis- which the means for modifying the temperature charge devices which are provided with of the discharge device includes a jacket or cas- temperature modifying means. ing which encloses the envelope of the device or a portion thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. Neither this nor any of the 44, see (3) Note, above. indented subclasses provide for electric 312, and the subclasses specified in the lamps including those of the discharge notes thereto for devices under the device type, photosensitive discharge class definition which are provided devices nor generators of invisible radia- with an envelope and which have a tion such as X-ray tubes, ultraviolet ray casing or jacket for the envelope. generators in combination with a separa- 324, and the subclasses specified in the ble casing for the lamp or device which notes thereto for devices under the is provided with means for modifying class definition which do not have an the temperature of the lamp or device. envelope but which have a casing or See the class definition for the classes jacket for the device. which provide for the excluded subject matter. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 165, Heat Exchange, subclass 74 for a (2) Note. The double-walled envelopes removable device to be heated or specified above includes only walls cooled projecting into a casing, and which are spaced apart. The double subclasses 154+ for coaxial enclo- walled envelope may be provided with sures. means for circulating a fluid between the 215, Bottles and Jars, subclasses 12.1+ for spaced walls or the space between the receptacles of glass or other ceramic walls may be evacuated, gas filled or or similar materials, of the bottle, jar, filled with a heat insulating or transmit- or jug type, which are encased in a

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protective casing or jacket or having the closure for the conductive enve- spaced walls. lope portion. 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ for mis- 317+, for devices under the class definition cellaneous envelopes, casings and having envelopes or a part thereof jackets designed for use with electric made of conductive material. lamps, discharge devices and similar devices and subclasses 415+ for mis- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: cellaneous receptacles having double 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3 for enve- walls where the inner and outer walls lopes for discharge devices and lamps are spaced apart, with or without which are made in whole or in part of intervening packing or insulation. conductive material. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, 19 With plural electrode temperature modify- subclasses 26+ for discharge devices ing: of the consumable electrode type This subclass is indented under subclass 18. (e.g., arc lamps) which are provided Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge with means for modifying the temper- device has a plurality of electrodes and means ature of a portion of the device, the are provided for modifying the temperature of temperature modifying means includ- a plurality of the electrodes. ing a separable casing or jacket for a portion of the device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 18 For conductive envelope devices: 23, for other lamps and discharge devices This subclass is indented under subclass 17. which are provided with a plurality of Subject matter in which the envelope of the electrodes, a double wall jacket or lamp or discharge device is provided with an casing for the envelope and means for integral double wall envelope made in whole or circulating a fluid within the double in part of electrically conductive material, and wall envelope, casing, or jacket to discharge devices which are provided with modify the temperature of a plurality envelopes formed in whole or in part of electri- of the electrodes. cally conductive material and in which the cas- 28, for other lamps and discharge devices ing or jacket encloses the electrically which are provided with a plurality of conductive portion of the envelope or a portion electrodes, a double wall envelope or thereof. a casing or jacket for the envelope and means for modifying the temperature SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of a plurality of the electrodes. CLASS: 44, for other lamps and discharge devices 20 With internal temperature modifying baffle: under subclass 11 which have a con- This subclass is indented under subclass 18. ductive envelope and which are pro- Subject matter where the lamp or discharge vided with means for modifying the device includes a temperature modifying baffle temperature of the envelope wall. structure which extends across or into the enve- Included in subclass 44 are discharge lope. devices which are provided with a separable sleeve which fits about a (1) Note. In some of the devices in this sub- portion of the envelope wall, the class the baffle comprises a re-entrant sleeve being provided with heat portion of the envelope wall and the tem- exchange means (e.g., radiating fins). perature modifying fluid may enter the 246+, for discharge devices which are pro- re-entrant portion. In other of the vided with a conductive envelope por- devices, a heat transfer device, such as a tion (e.g., anode) and means to radiator member for containing a heat support one or more electrodes (e.g., transfer fluid, is enclosed within the cathode, grid) within the conductive envelope of the device. envelope portion usually by means of

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36, for discharge devices and lamps SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- which are not provided with an enve- CLASS: lope but which includes a jacket or 33, for other lamps and discharge devices casing for the discharge device or which do not have an enclosing casing lamp or a part thereof, and means to or jacket and which have an internal apply a temperature modifying fluid temperature modifying baffle. to the lamp or discharge device. 34, for lamps and discharge devices Some of the devices in subclass 36 are which do not have an enclosing casing open-air arc lamps with casing means or jacket where the envelope is pro- around portions of the lamp to direct a vided with a condensing chamber or cooling fluid into contact with a por- surface. tion of the lamp.

21 Cylindrical electrode type envelope: 23 Plural electrode temperature modifying: This subclass is indented under subclass 18. This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the conductive enve- Subject matter where the lamp or discharge lope portion of the lamp or discharge device is device has a plurality of electrodes and means cylindrical in form and is designed for use as are provided for modifying the temperature of one of the electrodes of the device. a plurality of the electrodes.

(1) Note. Many of the devices in this sub- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- class are discharge devices such as are CLASS: used as the transmitting tube in radio 19, where the lamp or discharge device is transmitting systems. provided with an envelope which is made in whole or part of a conductive SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- material. CLASS: 28, for other lamps and discharge devices 246+, for discharge devices which are pro- which are provided with a plurality of vided with a cylindrical conductive electrodes, a double wall envelope or envelope portion (e.g., anode) and a casing or jacket for the envelope and means to support one or more elec- means for modifying the temperature trodes (e.g., cathode, grid) within the of a plurality of the electrodes. conductive envelope portion usually by means of the closure for the cylin- 24 Flow directing means in casing: drical envelope portion. This subclass is indented under subclass 22. 317+, and the subclasses specified in the Subject matter having means (e.g., baffles) notes thereto for other lamps and dis- within the casing or jacket which encloses the charge devices under the class defini- envelope or between the walls of the double- tion in which an electrode forms a walled envelope for directing the flow of the portion of the envelope. temperature modifying fluid as it flows through the casing, jacket or doubled envelope. 22 Fluid circulation type: This subclass is indented under subclass 17. 25 Sealed casing for envelope: Subject matter in which the structure is This subclass is indented under subclass 17. designed so that a temperature modifying fluid Devices in which the space between the double may be circulated in the space between the wall envelopes or between the envelope and envelope and the jacket or casing or between the casing or jacket is sealed off from the atmo- the walls of the double walled envelope. sphere and from the space within the envelope of the lamp or discharge device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. This subclass includes electric 18+, where the envelope of the lamp or dis- lamps whether of the discharge device charge device is made in whole or part type or not, photosensitive discharge of conductive material. devices, generators of invisible ray

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energy (e.g., X-ray tubes, ultraviolet lamps, etc.) only when the casing or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: jacket is integrally united with the enve- 215, Bottles and Jars, subclass 13.1 for lope of the device. See (1) Note to the receptacles of the bottle or jar type definition of subclass 11 with respect to made of glass or other ceramic or sim- the classification of such subject matter ilar materials and having spaced where the casing or jacket is not inte- walls, with the interwall space evacu- grally united. ated or filled with a gas or vapor for heat insulation purposes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ for dou- CLASS: ble walled envelopes designed for use 27, for other discharge devices and lamps with lamps and discharge devices. which are provided with a double wall envelope or which have a jacket or 27 Heat conserving or insulating type: casing for the envelope of the device, This subclass is indented under subclass 17. the space between the envelope walls Subject matter in which the space between the or between the casing or jacket and casing or jacket which encloses the envelope or the envelope containing a heat con- the space between the double-walled envelope, serving or heat insulating material. includes means for preventing the flow of heat 312, and the subclasses specified in the to or from the device. notes thereto, for miscellaneous and discharge devices which are provided SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- with an envelope and a casing or CLASS: jacket for the envelope. 25+, where the space between the double 317+, for miscellaneous lamps and dis- walls or between the envelope and the charge devices which are provided casing or jacket is sealed off from the with a double-wall envelope where atmosphere and from the space within the heat transmitting properties of the the envelope of the device. The double wall envelope are not sealed off space may be evacuated or involved. filled with a gas or vapor. Note indented subclass 26 for discharge 26 Integral double wall type of envelope: devices and lamps provided with an This subclass is indented under subclass 25. integral double-wall envelope. Subject matter in which the lamp or discharge device is provided with a double wall enve- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: lope, the envelope walls being formed as a uni- 215, Bottles and Jars, subclass 13.1 for tary, integral body. receptacles of the bottle or jar type made of glass or other ceramic or sim- (1) Note. Included in this subclass are ilar material and having spaced walls lamps and discharge devices which are with the interwall space containing a provided with a double-walled envelope heat insulating means. or an envelope and a casing where the 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ for dou- space between the double walls or ble-walled envelopes designed for use between the envelope and casing is evac- for lamps and discharge devices, sub- uated or filled with a gas or vapor. classes 415+ for miscellaneous receptacles having double-walls where the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- inner and outer walls are spaced apart CLASS: and the intervening space contains a 317+, for miscellaneous lamps and dis- heat insulating material. charge devices which are provided with a double walled envelope where 28 Plural electrode temperature modifying: the heat transmitting properties of the This subclass is indented under subclass 17. double-wall envelope are not Subject matter where the lamp or discharge involved. device is provided with a plurality of electrodes

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and means are provided for modifying the tem- 165, Heat Exchange, appropriate sub- perature of a plurality of the electrodes. classes for a heat exchanger, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 32 Closed duct type (e.g., for liquid): CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 30. 19, where the envelope of the lamp or dis- Devices in which the hollow electrode or lead charge device is made in whole or part is provided with a closed conduit designed for of electrical conductive material. the passage of a temperature modifying fluid 23, where the structure includes means to therethrough. circulate a fluid between the walls of a double walled envelope of a lamp or (1) Note. In many of the devices in this sub- discharge device or between the enve- class the electrode or lead is provided lope and the enclosing casing or with two coaxial tubes one within the jacket of a discharge device. other and the fluid flows in one direction through the inner tube and in the oppo- 29 For liquid electrode: site direction between the walls of the This subclass is indented under subclass 11. inner and outer tubes, but this subclass is Devices having a liquid electrode and having not limited to such devices. means for modifying the temperature of the liquid electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 31, where the electrode is in the form of a CLASS: conduit which is in the form of a coil. 16, where the means for modifying the 35+, and the subclasses specified in the temperature of the liquid electrode is notes thereto for devices under sub- an electric heater. class 11 in which the temperature 163+, for liquid electrode discharge devices, modifying means includes means for per se. applying a temperature modifying fluid (e.g., a cooling fluid) to some 30 Hollow electrode or lead: part of the device, which part may be This subclass is indented under subclass 11. an electrode or lead. Devices where the lamp or discharge device is provided with a hollow electrode or a hollow 33 Envelope with internal temperature modify- electrode lead conductor, means being pro- ing baffle: vided to modify the temperature of the hollow This subclass is indented under subclass 11. portion of the electrode or the electrode lead. Devices having an envelope and having a temperature modifying baffle entending across or (1) Note. In many of the devices in this sub- into the interior of the envelope. class a fluid is circulated into the hollow electrode or electrode lead. See indented SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- subclasses 31 and 32 where the hollow CLASS: electrode or lead constitutes a closed 20, where the envelope is made in whole path so that fluid may be circulated or part of conductive material and has through the electrode or lead. a double-wall or is enclosed within a casing or jacket. 31 Tubular coil electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass 30. 34 Envelope with condensing chamber or sur- Devices in which the electrode is in the form of face: a fluid conduit which is in the form of a coil. This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Devices where the device is provided with an SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: envelope, the envelope including a chamber 138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub- having a surface which has a large heat dissi- classes 100 through 178 for pipe pating surface for condensing vapors generated structure, per se. during the operation of the device.

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ing a heat exchange liquid to the discharge (1) Note. Most of the devices in this sub- device or lamp or where the structure includes class are mercury vapor discharge means to direct the flow of the temperature devices and the condensing surface is modifying fluid. designed to condense the mercury vapor into its liquid state. (1) Note. Subclasses 35+, includes discharge devices and lamps which do not (2) Note. Included in this subclass are all have envelopes and which are provided discharge devices where the envelope is with means for contacting a portion of provided with any portion such as an the device with a heat exchange fluid or enlarged portion or a portion located in a liquid. The fluid or liquid containing place which remains relatively cool dur- means may be arranged so that the fluid ing the operation of the device, where or liquid may be circulated. Also the purpose of such portion is to con- included are lamps and discharge dense vapors and to change the vapors to devices with envelopes with tubular pas- either their liquid or solid state. sage ways or conduits formed in the envelope and passing through the lamp (3) Note. See the classification of envelopes near the filament, or other heated portion designed for use with lamps and dis- of the device so that the conduit becomes charge devices which are provided with hot and the heated air rises to draw cold temperature modifying means. See the air in at the bottom of the conduit. class definition for the classification of envelopes, per se, designed for use with SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electric lamps and discharge devices. CLASS: 12, where the apparatus includes a recir- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- culating system with a heat exchanger CLASS: in it so that the temperature modifying 17+, where the device is provided with fluid is circulated from the lamp or either a double-wall or a jacket or cas- discharge device to the heat ing for the envelope. Note especially exchanger then back again to the lamp indented subclass 20 where the device or discharge device. is provided with an internal tempera- 17+, where the lamp or discharge device is ture modifying baffle and subclasses provided either with a spaced double- 22+, where means are provided for walled envelope or with an envelope circulating a fluid in contact with the and a casing or jacket around the envelope wall. envelope, the structure including 33, for devices within the definition of means to modify the temperature of subclass 11 where the envelope of a the lamp or discharge device. See device is provided with an internal especially subclasses 22+, where temperature modifying baffle. means are provided to circulate a tem- 35, for discharge devices and lamps perature modifying fluid in the space which are provided with envelopes between the double-walls of the enve- with tubular passageways or conduits lope or between the envelope and the formed in the envelope and passing casing or jacket. through the lamp near the filament or 29, where the lamp or discharge device is other heated portion of the device so provided with a liquid electrode. that the conduit becomes hot and the 30+, where the lamp or discharge device is heated air rises to draw cold air in at provided with a hollow electrode or a the bottom of the conduit. hollow electrode lead conductor and means are provided to modify the 35 Using liquids or fluid flow directing means: temperature of the hollow portion of This subclass is indented under subclass 11. the electrode or electrode lead. Subject matter wherein the temperature of the 33, where lamp or discharge device is discharge device or lamp is modified by apply- provided with an envelope and an

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internal temperature modifying baffle 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge which extends across or into the enve- Devices: Consumable Electrodes, lope. subclasses 26+ for discharge devices 34, where the envelope is provided with of the consumable electrode type either a condensing chamber or con- (e.g., arc lamps) which are provided densing surface. with a jacket or casing for directing the flow of a temperature modifying SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: medium over a portion of the device. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, 37 For filament or heated cathode: subclasses 26+ for discharge devices This subclass is indented under subclass 11. of the consumable electrode type Devices which are provided with a filament, a (e.g., arc lamps) which are provided directly heated cathode or an indirectly heated with means for directing the flow of a cathode and which include means to modify temperature modifying medium over the temperature of the filament or cathode. a portion of the device. The flow directing means may include a casing (1) Note. The structure must include more or jacket for a portion of the device. than a filament, a directly heated cathode See indented subclass 29 where the or an indirectly heated cathode. For temperature of the device is modified example, included in this and the by means of a heat exchange liquid. indented subclass are devices in which a heat conserving shield is placed about 36 Jacket or casing: the cathode to conserve the heat of the This subclass is indented under subclass 35. cathode and devices which have means Devices in which the means for applying the to conduct heat from a portion of the temperature modifying fluid includes a jacket cathode so as to reduce the temperature or casing which surrounds at least a part of the of the cathode portion. lamp or discharge device or which is associated with the means for applying the temperature SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- modifying fluid so as to direct the temperature CLASS: modifying fluid upon some part of the lamp or 39+, for other devices under subclass 11 discharge device. which are provided with a cathode which may be a thermionic cathode SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- other than a directly or indirectly CLASS: heated cathode and which includes 17+, where the lamp or discharge device is means to modify the temperature of provided either with a spaced double the cathode. walled envelope or with an envelope 337+, for the structures of indirectly heated that has a casing or jacket which sur- cathodes, per se. rounds at least a portion of the enve- 341+, for the structure of filaments and lope. directly heated cathodes. 324, for miscellaneous electric lamps and 346, for the structure of thermionic cath- discharge devices which do not have odes. envelopes but which are provided with casings and jackets. 38 Hollow shield around filament or cathode: This subclass is indented under subclass 37. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Devices in which the temperature modifying 165, Heat Exchange, subclass 74 for a means is a hollow shield which surrounds at removable device projecting into a least a portion of the filament or heated cath- chamber containing a heat exchanger ode. fluid.

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which have the heat transfer means 39 For electrode within an envelope: mounted upon a lead-in wire exterior This subclass is indented under subclass 11. to the envelope of the device. Devices which are provided with an envelope 43, for devices under subclass 11 which and an electrode within the envelope, heat are provided with an envelope and transfer means being provided to modify the which have temperature modifying temperature of the electrode. means to protect the lead-in-seal or the stem of the envelope from exces- (1) Note. The heat transfer means may be sive temperatures. mounted upon or form a part of the elec- 44, for discharge devices under subclass trode. For example, an electrode may be 11 which have the envelope formed of formed with a heat indicating surface. conductive material, the conductive material being designed for use as an SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electrode, heat transfer means being CLASS: arranged to modify the temperature of 16, and 29, where the electrode is a liquid the conductive envelope wall. electrode. See subclass 16 where an electric heater is provided for the liq- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: uid electrode. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or 23, and 28, where the device is either pro- Devices, subclasses 127+ for X-ray vided with a double spaced wall enve- tubes provided with movable targets, lope or is provided with an envelope usually rotatable, so that the tempera- and a jacket or casing which sur- ture of the target may be maintained rounds at least a portion of the enve- cool by moving the target and chang- lope and means are provided to ing the area exposed to the electron modify the temperature of a plurality beam during the operation of the of electrodes within the envelope. device. See subclass 23, where the structure includes means to circulate a heat 40 Radiating type surface: transfer fluid between the envelope This subclass is indented under subclass 39. walls or between the envelope and the Devices in which the temperature modifier casing or jacket. comprises a radiating surface adapted to trans- 28, see the reference to subclass 23 mit or receive radiant heat. above. 29, see the reference to subclass 16 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- above. CLASS: 30+, where the electrode or the electrode 45, for other devices under subclass 11 in lead is hollow and means are provided which the temperature modifying to modify the temperature of the hol- means is a radiating surface adapted low portion of the electrode or lead. to transmit or receive radiant heat. 37+, where the electrode which has its temperature modified is either a filament SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: or a thermionic cathode. 165, Heat Exchange, subclass 133 for a 42, for devices under subclass 11 which heat exchanger with a coated, rough- are provided with an envelope and an ened or polished surface, and sub- electrode lead-in conductor or an elec- classes 177+ for a tubular structure trode support, the electrode lead-in or with heat transfer means. the electrode lead-in support having heat transfer means mounted thereon 41 Material, roughened surface: or including means to modify the flow This subclass is indented under subclass 40. of heat along the electrode lead-in or Devices in which the radiating surface is either support. Subclass 42 also provides composed of a material or is coated with a for devices under subclass 11, which material which is designed to readily radiate are provided with an envelope and

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heat or in which the radiating surface is roughened to facilitate the radiation. 44 For envelope wall: This subclass is indented under subclass 11. 42 Mounted on lead-in or electrode support: Devices which are provided with an envelope This subclass is indented under subclass 11. and where the temperature modifier is designed Devices which are provided with an envelope to modify the temperature of the envelope wall and electrode within the envelope and a lead-in or some portion thereof. conductor or electrode support for the electrode, the device having either a heat transfer SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- means mounted upon the lead-in or electrode CLASS: support or the lead-in or the electrode support 16, and 29, for devices which have a liq- including means to modify the flow of heat uid electrode in contact with the enve- along the lead-in or support. lope wall and which are provided with means to modify the temperature of (1) Note. The heat exchange means may be the liquid electrode. See subclass 16 mounted upon the lead-in conductor where the temperature modifier is an exteriorly of the envelope. electric heater. 17+, where the device is provided with a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- spaced double wall envelope or is pro- CLASS: vided with a casing or jacket for the 30+, where the electrode lead-in conductor envelope, the structure including is hollow (e.g., is provided with a con- means to modify the temperature of duit) and means are provided to mod- the envelope wall. ify the temperature of the hollow 29, see the reference to subclass 16 portion of the lead-in. above. 34, where the envelope is pro- 39+, for devices under subclass 11 which vided with a chamber or surface for have a heat transfer means mounted condensing vapors generated within upon or forming a part of an electrode the envelope. within the envelope of the device. 35, where the envelope wall has its tem- 43, for devices under subclass 11 which perature modified by using liquids or are provided with means to protect the where the temperature modifying lead-in-seal or stem of the envelope means includes means for directing from excessive temperatures. the flow of the temperature modifying fluid. 43 For lead-in-seal or stem protection: 42, where the device is provided with a This subclass is indented under subclass 11. temperature modifying means Devices in which the device is provided with mounted on or forming a part of the an envelope and an electrode lead-in-seal or a lead-in conductor or electrode support stem and temperature modifying means are so as to prevent the transmission of provided for protecting the lead-in-seal or the heat to the envelope from the elec- stem of the envelope from excessive tempera- trodes. tures. 43, where the envelope is provided with means for protecting the lead-in seal SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or stem of the envelope from exces- CLASS: sive temperatures. 42, where the device includes a heat transfer means mounted upon the 45 Radiating type surface: lead-in conductor or electrode support This subclass is indented under subclass 11. or where the lead-in conductor or sup- Devices in which the temperature modifier port is formed so as to modify the comprises a radiating surface adapted to trans- flow of heat along the lead-in conduc- mit or receive radiant heat. tor or support.

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laneous receptacles provided with lin- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ings. CLASS: 252, Compositions, subclass 62 for miscel- 40+, where an electrode within an envelope laneous heat insulating compositions. is provided with a radiating surface. 48 WITH HANDLE: 46 Having heat conducting path: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 11. tion. Devices which are provided with a han- Devices in which the temperature modifier is a dle. means for conducting heat. (1) Note. This subclass excludes electric (1) Note. Included in this subclass are lamps including those of the discharge devices which have a portion made of a device type where the handle is separa- large size or of a special material so that ble from the electric lamp. For the the heat will be conducted from a place excluded electric lamps, see Class 362, which it is desired to keep cool to a place Illumination, appropriate subclasses, see where the heat will be dissipated. especially subclasses 190+ for portable self contained illuminating devices SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: which include a casing or handle for the 165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 177+ for a lamp and means to supply the lamp with tubular structure with attached heat electricity (e.g., flashlights), subclasses transmitter. 399+, and subclasses 382+ for miscellaneous light supports including separable 47 Heat conserving or insulating type: handles for electric lamps. This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Devices which include means for preventing (2) Note. Among the devices included in the flow of heat to or from the device. this subclass are spark gaps mounted on handles such as are used to ignite gas SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- burners. CLASS: 25+, and 27, for devices under subclass 11 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- where the device is provided with a CLASS: spaced double wall envelope, or 49, for devices under the class definition where the device is provided with an combined with a support or a detach- envelope and a casing or jacket for the able electrical connector for the envelope, see subclasses 25+ where device. the space between the double walls or between the envelope and the casing SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: or jacket is sealed and either evacu- 219, Electric Heating, appropriate sub- ated or filled with a gas or vapor (e.g., classes, for arc welding electrode for heat insulation), and see subclass holders in which a handle supports a 27 where the space between the dou- single electrode. Where the handle ble walls or between the envelope and supports two or more electrodes and casing contains other heat insulating the device is not structurally limited to means. use in electric welding or heating, classification is in Class 313. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses Devices: Systems, subclass 33 for for miscellaneous receptacles pro- portable self contained devices which vided with heat insulating means, see include a source of energy, a dis- especially subclasses 2.1+ for enve- charge device of the arc, spark, gas or lopes and casings designed for use vapor type (other than a lamp), and with lamps and discharge devices, and the system for connecting the source subclasses 400+ and 415+ for miscel- of energy to the discharge device.

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362, Illumination, see (1) Note, above. lope and a support therefor (e.g., a 607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electri- socket) with where no electrical fea- cal Application, subclass 88 for elec- tures are claimed. tric lamps which are limited by 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses claimed structure to use for therapeu- 296+ for an electrical coupling part tic purposes which are provided with with coupling movement actuating a handle and subclass 150 for dis- means or retaining means in addition charge devices which are designed to to the contact thereof; and subclasses transmit high frequency electric cur- 527+ for a connector having mounting rent into the human body which are or supporting means. Class 439 provided with a handle. The devices includes the combination of a specific in this subclass sometimes include an electrical connector with a broadly envelope with a confined gas or recited electric lamp. See (2) above. vapor, an electrode within the envelope and a handle for the device, the 50 Resilient or vibration damping: human body being used as the other This subclass is indented under subclass 49. electrode in the use of the device. Subject matter in which a support is designed to reduce the transmission of vibrations from 49 WITH DETACHABLE ELECTRICAL and/or to the supported lamp or discharge CONNECTOR OR SUPPORT: device and subject matter under subclass 49 in This subclass is indented under the class defini- which the support is resilient. tion. Subject matter where the lamp or discharge device is provided with a support or has (1) Note. The support may be a detachable combined therewith a detachable electrical electric connector (e.g., socket struc- connector. ture).

(1) Note. This subclass excludes electric SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: lamps including those of the discharge 188, Brakes, subclasses 378+ for devices device type, generators of invisible rays having significant mass, which are (e.g., X-ray tubes, ultraviolet ray genera- attached to articles for damping the tors) in combination with a separable vibrations by inertia; and subclass 381 support for the device. See the class def- for devices damping vibrations by inition for the excluded subject matter. friction. 248, Supports, subclasses 560+ for resil- (2) Note. See the class definition of this ient supports. class (Class 313) for the location of a 362, Illumination, subclasses 306 and 390, distinct electrical connector and for line for illuminating devices which notes distinguishing this class and Class include a resilient light support. 439, Electrical Connectors. 51 Electrical connector: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 49. 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- Subject matter in which the support is detach- tors, subclass 138 for insulating sup- able and includes an electrical connector for ports for elongated tubular lamps. the lamp or discharge device, and lamps and Also, see the reference to Class 248, discharge device which have combined there- subclass 50, below. with a detachable electrical connector. 248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous supports. Note espe- (1) Note. See the class definition for the cially subclass 50 for supports classification of lamps including dis- designed to support elongated tubing charge devices, lamps, generators of such as gas or vapor lamps (see the invisible ray energy (e.g., X-ray tubes, reference to Class 174, above), and ultraviolet ray generators), in combina- subclasses 500+ for the combination tion with a detachable support which of a lamp or discharge device enve- may include an electrical connector for

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the device. See the class definition for the classification of detachable electri- (2) Note. See the class definition for the cal connectors, per se, and the line classification of lightning arresters of the between this class and Class 439, Elec- arc or spark type which are designed to trical Connectors. have the electrodes brought into contact with each other upon prolonged use of SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the device thereby establishing a con- 248, Supports, subclasses 500+ for hold- ductive path through the device. down devices of general application. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 296+ especially subclasses 357+ for CLASS: the combination of an electrical con- 1+, for plural unit devices under the class nector with the envelope of a lamp, definition, that is, devices which including a resilient finger for holding include in structural combination a that device to a mating electrical con- plurality of discharge devices, a plu- nector. rality of lamps other than mere multiple filament lamps, or a lamp and 52 CONVERTIBLE: discharge device. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 236, for devices under the class definition tion. Devices which are convertible from one which are provided with a spare or type of device to another type of device. extra electrode which is not used until one of the electrodes fails to operate (1) Note. Many discharge devices may be properly when the spare or extra elec- considered to be convertible from one trode is used to replace the defective type of discharge device to another type electrode. of discharge device simply by not using some of the electrodes of the discharge SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: device. For example the usual triode 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge may be used as a half-way rectifier by Devices: Systems, see (1) Note above. not connecting the grid in any circuit. In the device in this subclass some means 53 FLAME OR EXPLOSION TYPE: must be provided which is limited to use This subclass is indented under the class defini- in converting the device from one type tion. Discharge devices in which a flame pro- of device to another type of device. An vides an ionized path for the discharge. example of the subject matter in this subclass is an incandescent lamp which has SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the lead wires coated with electron emis- 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, sub- sive material so that when the filament classes 15+ for apparatus for smoke fails a glow discharge may take place precipitation of the electrostatic type between the coated lead wires thus con- having electrodes between which the verting the incandescent lamp to a dis- combustion products (e.g., smoke) are charge device type lamp. Note that passed and which attract particles in where the converting means is an elec- the combustion products by means of tric switch or other circuit element such electrostatic fields. as an impedance, the device is excluded 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub- from this class and will be found in Class class 594 for high tension ignition 315, subclasses 32+. Also excluded systems for internal combustion from this subclass are incandescent engines, which include a jump type lamps having plural filaments, such as a spark gap igniter operating within a high resistance filament and a low resis- cylinder. tance filament, which may be converted 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and from one type of incandescent lamp to Devices, subclasses 247+ for electri- another merely by connecting one fila- cal devices for igniting combustible ment or the other in the circuit. material which include spark or arc

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electrodes and means to bring the electrodes into contact with the com- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- bustible material. CLASS: 431, Combustion, subclass 25 for a burner 153+, for other devices under the class defi- control circuit utilizing the current nition which have a magnetic device rectifying effect of a flame and sub- associated therewith. classes 78+ for a burner controlled by 359.1+, for discharge devices including means an electric control circuit that senses to accelerate positive or negative ions. flame. 421+, for cathode-ray tubes with means to deflect a beam of electrons. 54 WITH RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL: 441+, for cathode-ray tubes including means This subclass is indented under the class defini- to accelerate a focus or beam of elec- tion. Devices which are provided with a radio- trons. active material, the radioactive properties of the material being utilized in the operation of SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the device. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 502 for a (1) Note. In the patents in this subclass the cyclotron. radioactive property of the material must 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro- have some significance in the operation cesses, Systems, and Elements, of the device. The mere use of a radioac- appropriate subclasses for nuclear tive substance such as thorium on or in a reactions and nuclear reactors. cathode to render it electron emissive, the use of uranium stained glass, or other 93 GEIGER-MUELLER TYPE: such uses of radioactive materials where This subclass is indented under the class defini- the radioactive properties of the material tion. Devices which are provided with means are not involved in the operation of the responsive to invisible radiant energy other device is not considered sufficient to than ultraviolet rays or heat rays or radio cause classification of the device in this waves, for altering the operation of the device. subclass. (1) Note. Such rays may be protons, alpha SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: particles, X-rays, gamma rays, cosmic 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 381 and rays or similar ray energy. 382 for an invisible radiant energy responsive gas discharge device hav- (2) Note. Many discharge devices having an ing a radioactive gas, a gas borne envelope and a confined gas or vapor radioactive material or a radioactive atmosphere may be used as Geiger- source within the device to ionize the Mueller counter tubes. This subclass is gas of the device. limited to devices which include some 252, Compositions, subclasses 625+ for structure which is especially provided radioactive compositions, per se. because the device is responsive to the invisible ray energy and to discharge 62 CYCLOTRONS: devices which are claimed as being Gei- This subclass is indented under the class defini- ger-Mueller counter tubes. For other tion. Discharge devices provided with mag- types of gas or vapor discharge devices netic means for confining the path of the parti- see subclasses 182+, and the subclasses cles of the space discharge into a circular path specified in the notes thereto. and having means for accelerating the particles tangentially of the circular path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 54, for devices within the class definition which include a radioactive material. 103+, for devices within the class definition having an electrode which is second-

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arily emissive, i.e., which emits sec- 329, Demodulators, appropriate sub- ondary electrons when bombarded by classes for demodulators or detectors primary electrons from another generally with secondary emission. source. 330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for amplifi- 523+, for photosensitive devices within the ers having a secondary emitter dis- class definition. Especially see charge device. indented subclass 539 for those which 331, Oscillators, subclass 89 for oscillator are designed to be responsive to radi- systems utilizing a magnetron type ant energy, (ultraviolet or heat rays or tube having a secondary electron visible light) of particular wave emissive electrode, and subclass 133 lengths. for negative resistance oscillators uti- 539, see reference to subclasses 523+, lizing a tube of the secondary electron above. emissive type. 567, see (2) note, above. 104 Plural secondary emissive electrodes: 103 Secondary emitter type (e.g., electron multi- This subclass is indented under subclass 103. plier): Discharge devices having a plurality of second- This subclass is indented under the class defini- arily emissive electrodes. tion. Discharge devices having a secondary emissive electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. The devices in this subclass are 306+, and the subclasses specified in the also known as “electron multipliers”. notes thereto for other discharge devices which have a plurality of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cathodes. CLASS: 106, for devices under the class definition 105 Three or more: provided with means to prevent sec- This subclass is indented under subclass 104. ondary emission from some part of Discharge devices having three or more sec- the device. ondarily emissive electrodes. 346, and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto, for secondary emissive 106 SECONDARY EMISSION PREVENTION: electrodes, per se. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 377, 387 and 399, for cathode-ray tubes tion. Devices provided with means to prevent with a secondary emissive electrode. the emission of secondary electrons from some 532+, where the discharge device includes a part of the device. photosensitive electrode in addition to the secondary emissive electrode. (1) Note. Discharge devices which have one or more control electrodes and in which SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the only means provided to suppress the 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge secondary emissive is that one or more Devices: Systems, subclass 39.63 for of the control electrodes may be used as discharge devices having an electrode a secondary emissive suppressing elec- formed so as to provide a structure trode are not included in this or the having distributed inductance and indented subclass but will be found in capacitance and operable in a mag- subclasses 293+, or one of the subclasses netic field (e.g., magnetrons), the dis- specified in the notes thereto. charge device being provided with a secondary emissive electrode. 107 Nonemissive material: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- This subclass is indented under subclass 106. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, Devices in which the secondary emission sup- subclasses 572+ for miscellaneous pression is secured by the use of a nonelectron secondary emissive circuits. emissive material.

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(1) Note. In the devices in this subclass the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- part which is to be nonemissive may be CLASS: made of a nonemissive material or 293+, and the subclasses specified in the coated with a nonemissive material. notes thereto, for other discharge devices which have a control grid or (2) Note. See the class definition for the other apertured electrode interposed classification of electrodes where no between the cathode and anode, see structure of the electrode is involved especially indented subclass 299 other than composition of the materials where the discharge device is pro- used to form the electrodes, coated elec- vided with a plurality of control electrodes which involve no more structure trodes with the apertures in the than a base with one or more coatings different electrodes in alignment (e.g., thereon, and for the processes of making beam power type tubes). or coating electrodes. 364+, for cathode-ray tubes provided with means to focus the electrons into a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- restricted beam and with means for CLASS: deflecting the beam over the surface 353, for electrodes, per se, which are made of a target. See especially indented of two or more portions or which have subclasses 461+ where the target is a a coating upon a portion of the elec- fluorescent or phosphorescent screen. trode, one portion of the electrode 483+, for other discharge devices provided being a nondischarge sustaining por- with fluorescent material. tion. 355, and the subclasses specified in the 110 WITH OPTICAL DEVICE OR SPECIAL notes thereto for coated electrodes. RAY TRANSMISSIVE ENVELOPE: This subclass is indented under the class defini- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: tion. Devices which have an optical device 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+, and structurally combined with the device so that the subclasses specified in the notes the optical device and the lamp or discharge thereto for materials and compositions device constitutes a single integral device and for discharge device electrodes. devices under the class definition which are provided with an envelope which is designed to 107.5 VARIABLE WIDTH ELECTRON be especially transparent to particular wave STREAM (E.G., MAGIC EYE): lengths of radiant energy. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Discharge devices provided with means (1) Note. Optical devices as defined in the between the cathode and anode to change the subclass definition include lenses, polar- width of the electron stream between the anode izers, reflectors, light diffusers, light and the cathode. valves, light obscuring means or any other means designed to alter the trans- (1) Note. Included in this subclass are dis- mission of light rays in any manner. charge devices of the so-called “magic eye” type which have an annular anode (2) Note. See the class definition for the coated with fluorescent material sur- classification of lamps and discharge rounding an emissive central cathode devices which are combined with a sepa- and a control electrode for varying the rable casing, jacket, shield, or envelope width of the discharge between the cath- protective means. See the class defini- ode and anode so that as the potential of tion for the classification of lamps and the control electrode varies the width of discharge devices which are combined the nonluminous portion of the anode with a separable optical device. See the varies. class definition for the classification of envelopes, per se, for lamps and discharge devices.

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those made of special compositions for SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electric lamps and discharge devices. CLASS: 359.1, for discharge devices of the positive SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ion accelerator type which are pro- 252, Compositions, subclasses 299.01+ for vided with windows through which liquid crystal containing compositions the positive lens may pass. useful in making optical filters and 420, for cathode ray devices provided with subclasses 582+ for other composi- electron permeable windows. tions useful in making optical filters. 461+, for cathode-ray tubes provided with 359, Optical: Systems and Elements, sub- fluorescent or phosphorescent screens classes 483.01 through 494.01 for or targets. light polarizers and subclasses 350+ 465, for cathode ray devices provided with and 885+ for optical filters. light valves. 427, Coating Processes, for processes of 483+, for devices having a fluorescent mate- coating, per se, wherein the product is rial as a part thereof. an optical element. 539, for photosensitive devices provided 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- with means for transmitting particular cles, subclasses 415, 417 and 426+ for portions of the light spectrum to the a nonstructural composite web or photosensitive element of the device. sheet embodying a layer of glass. 501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclasses SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 11+ for glass compositions capable of 359, Optical Systems and Elements, sub- filtering light. classes 642+ for lenses. 362, Illumination, subclasses 351+ for 113 Reflector: antiglare lens and subclasses 326+ for This subclass is indented under subclass 110. light refractors (e.g., lenses) for use Devices in which the optical device is a light with illuminating devices where the reflector. refractor is separable from the source of light. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or 359, Optical Systems and Elements, sub- Devices, subclasses 121+ for X-ray classes 838+ for reflectors, per se. tubes which are provided with screen- 362, Illumination, subclasses 341+, and the ing means to eliminate unwanted sec- subclasses specified in the notes ondary X-rays. thereto for reflectors for use with light projectors where the reflector is sepa- 111 Plural diverse optical devices: rable from the source of light. This subclass is indented under subclass 110. 427, Coating Processes, for processes of Devices which have structurally combined coating, per se, wherein the product is therewith a plurality of optical devices of an optical element. diverse types (e.g., a reflector and a lens or a filter and a polarizer). 114 Plural reflectors: This subclass is indented under subclass 113. 112 Polarizer or special ray transmission (e.g., Devices having a plurality of reflectors. filter): This subclass is indented under subclass 110. 115 Multiple filament lamps: Devices in which the optical device is a polar- This subclass is indented under subclass 113. izer, a light filter, or which are provided with Devices in which the lamp is an incandescent an envelope which is designed to be especially lamp having a plurality of filaments or glow- transparent to particular wave lengths of radi- ers. ant energy.

(1) Note. See the class definition for the classification of envelopes including

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cylinder. The shell may be made of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- more than one piece. Some plugs do not CLASS: have a shell, the insulating core being 316, and the subclasses specified in the attached directly to the cylinder, as by notes thereto for other lamps which having screw threads thereon. The core are provided with a plurality of fila- is the insulating means fastened to the ments or glowers. shell and holding the center electrode with respect to the shell. It may consist 116 Light diffusing: of several parts which may or may not be This subclass is indented under subclass 110. cemented to each other. The center elec- Devices in which the optical device is a light trode is the electrode or wire extending diffusing means. from the exterior to the interior of the spark plug and which is insulated from (1) Note. Incandescent lamps with frosted the shell by the core. There may be sev- globes are included in this subclass. eral center electrodes insulated from each other. The spark electrodes are the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: electrodes between which the jump 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscella- spark is formed. The ignition spark gap neous Chemical Manufacture, sub- is the gap on the interior of the spark classes 663+ for methods of etching plug designed to ignite the combustible glass to produce a light diffusing sur- fuel. A spark gap is constituted by two face thereon. or more spark electrodes. The interior of 427, Coating Processes, for processes of the spark plug is the portion which will coating, per se, wherein the product is be exposed to the combustible gas. The an optical element. exterior is the part usually exposed to atmosphere and which has the connector 117 Light valve or obscuring means: for the ignition wire mounted thereon. This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Electrode chamber is the space defined Devices in which the optical device is a light by the interior part of the core and the valve, or a light shield or other light obscuring shell and exposed to the combustible gas means for preventing transmission of light. in the engine. It may be substantially flat in some cases. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (3) Note. Spark plugs are collected here on 364+, for cathode ray devices provided with the basis of use, art and structure. Spark light valves. plugs having the usual structure of a shell, an insulating core with one or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: more electrodes therein are found here. 359, Optical Systems and Elements, sub- Due to the rules of classification, certain classes 227+ and 238+ for light types of spark plugs and combinations of valves, per se. spark plugs with accessories are classified in the lower numbered subclasses of 118 SPARK PLUGS: this class. Also, since the presence or This subclass is indented under the class defini- absence of claimed sparking electrodes tion. Unitary devices known as spark plugs. determines the classification in this class, a number of other classes provide (1) Note. See the glossary for the class defi- for bushings, connectors, shields, joints nition of spark plugs. In general, the and other subcombination features. spark plugs classified herein are the Such other subclasses and classes are jump spark type found in the gasoline referred to in the notes below, and in engine of an automobile. cases where only a few patents are classified in other subclasses or classes and (2) Note. The shell is the part having means which are not noted in the notes, cross- usually threaded for attachment to the

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reference patents have been placed in 11.5, for spark plugs with temperature mod- this and the indented subclasses. ifying means. 51, for spark plugs claimed in combina- (4) Note. Spark Intensifiers for Spark Plugs: tion with a detachable electric connec- Intensifier spark gaps designed for use tor (e.g., the connector on the lead-in with spark plugs are not classified in this wire). or the indented subclasses unless the 54, for spark plugs which include a radio- intensifier gap is a unitary part of the active material. complete spark plug when see subclasses 110+, for spark plug devices which include 123+. Where only the spark plug bush- means, see subclass 110 where the ing (i.e., shell, core, center wire) is plug includes a lens, subclass 113 claimed, no ignition spark electrodes where the plug is combined with a being claimed, the intensifier gap being mirror, subclass 116 where the plug located in or on the bushing, the patent is includes a prism or light diffusing likewise excluded and classified as an means. intensifier gap. Some of the subclasses 513+, where the plug includes indicia or a to be searched for these intensifier gaps scale (e.g., to show width between the are: 1+, where there are a plurality of ignition electrodes). intensifier gaps in a unitary device; 51, where the intensifier is claimed in com- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: bination with a detachable electric con- 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General nector; 110+, where the intensifier Cleaning, subclass 104.011 for spark includes an optical element as a lens, plug cleaners. mirror, etc.; 146+, where the intensifier 73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses is provided with a movable or adjustable 114.62 through 114.67 for measuring electrode or shield (e.g., a screw or testing the ignition system of an threaded electrode so that the size of the internal combustion engine and sub- gap may be adjusted); 238+, especially class 114.08 for using an ignition 243, 267, 268 where the supporting or measurement for determining irregu- spacing structure for mounting the inten- lar combustion (e.g., misfire) using an sifier electrodes are claimed; see sub- ignition measurement. class 267 where the electrodes are rods 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub- or rod-like members, subclass 268 where classes 143+, especially subclasses the electrodes are held apart by an insu- 169 and 594+ for this subject matter lating member between the electrodes, in combination with an internal com- and subclass 243 for the other type; 324, bustion engine or engine accessory. for the intensifiers with a casing includ- Subclass 169 relates, for example, to ing those having a transparent window; the combination of a spark plug and a and 567, especially 620+, 622, 634+ cylinder head; the combination of a where the intensifier is mounted in a plug and cylinder space in which the sealed envelope containing gas or vapor. interior of the skirt has a special claimed relationship to the cylinder SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- volume the combination of a spark CLASS: plug with an adaptor of the screw cou- 1+, for unitary devices providing two or pling type (which, for example, per- more separate spark plug gaps or pro- mits a small plug to be inserted in a viding a spark plug gap and another large hole or which acts to extend the discharge device, but excluding spark shell skirt to provide a chamber for plugs with intensifier gaps for which the spark), etc. Also search Class 123 see subclasses 123+ and spark plugs for plural separate spark plugs such with a plurality of series spark gaps as, for example, a plurality of adjust- for which see subclass 123. able spark plugs having means to 10, for spark plugs combined with a tem- adjust them. perature indicator.

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138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub- ing to ignite the combustion charge; classes 37+ for fittings or adapters to indented subclasses 51+ for spark be interposed between the spark plug plugs having a plurality of circuit ele- and the cylinder which include a flow ments, such as a resistor and a con- regulator or baffle. denser; subclass 56 for spark plugs 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- having an integral switch; subclass 57 tors, appropriate subclasses for spark for spark plugs having an integral plug-type electrical bushings (i.e., a transformer, and subclass 58 for spark spark plug with no sparking elec- plugs having a suppressor resistor. trodes claimed), and electrical shields Note that spark plugs having only an for spark plugs; subclasses 15.1 integral intensifier (i.e., series con- through 16.3 for such bushings com- nected gap) are classified in sub- bined with means for feeding, circu- classes 123+ of Class 313. The lating, or distributing a fluid, such as a presence of a separable connector or cooling liquid or air; subclass 31 for merely conductive lead (e.g., ignition such bushings with a fluid (air) vent, cable) will not prevent classification valve, or other fluid feeding means in Class 315, subclasses 32+ if the combined therewith (e.g., a priming device is otherwise classifiable there. means); subclasses 152+ for such Class 315 also provides for systems bushings, per se, including such bush- for supplying electrical energy to ings as are provided with thermal spark gaps. Note especially sub- modifying means (e.g., heat radiating classes 209+ for such systems having fins or heat conductive members) and a periodic switch (e.g., a timer switch) electrical connectors; and subclass in the circuit and subclasses 211+ 350 for such bushings with an electri- where there are a plurality of spark cal shield about it and for the spark plugs and the system includes a dis- plug shields, per se. Note that Class tributor type switch. 174 provides for subcombinations of 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, spark plug type bushings which are subclasses 378 through 402 for spark less than a complete bushing and plug testers. more than is provided for in other sub- 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and combination classes (e.g., the combi- Devices, subclasses 247+ for miscel- nation of the insulator and center laneous ignitors and ignitor systems. electrode which involves more struc- 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate ture than a mere joint would be in subclasses for a joint between metal Class 174 rather than one of the and glass or ceramic members. classes providing for joints. 439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate 285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector subclasses for fittings or adapters hav- or certain connector related accesso- ing joint means to attach one end of ries. Note that this class includes the the fitting to the engine and joint combination of an electrical connector means at the other end to receive a with a named spark plug. Search spark plug. especially subclasses 125+ for an 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge electrical connector having a spark or Devices: Systems, subclasses 32+ for glow plug cover. Also, search sub- space discharge devices, such as spark classes 191+ for the combination of plugs, having integral therewith a cir- an electrical connector with a fluent cuit element such as a resistor, con- material transmission line. Search denser or switch. Note particularly subclasses 271+ for an electrical con- indented subclass 46 for spark plugs nector with a packing or gasket to having a resistor in shunt to the spark- seal the joint with a mating connector; ing electrodes which is adapted to subclasses 312+ for a coupling part flash-over when traversed by a high with coupling part movement- actuat- current impulse, said flash-over serving means or retaining means in addi-

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tion to a contact thereof with relatively pivotable concentric move- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ment-actuating or retaining ring. 137, Fluid Handling, appropriate sub- Search this class, subclasses 607.01- classes for automatically operated 607.05 for a connector with a radia- valves. tion shielding means; and subclasses 251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropri- 625+ for a connector with insulation ate subclasses for manually operated other than a conductor sheath. valves. 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing, 120 With fluid feed or air vent: subclass 7 for methods of manufactur- This subclass is indented under subclass 118. ing spark plugs. Subject matter provided with a passageway for 501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate a fluid extending through the spark plug struc- subclasses for ceramic compositions ture from the interior of the spark plug to the used for spark plug insulators. Note exterior or to a fluid feed line so that a liquid or especially subclasses 127+ and 134+ gas may flow between the electrode chamber for clay containing compositions; and and the exterior of the spark plug or the fluid subclasses 141+ for titanate and simi- feed line. lar material containing compositions. (1) Note. The passageway may be provided 119 Sealing-off valve for electrode chamber: with a valve so that the fluid may pass in This subclass is indented under subclass 118. one direction only or have a valve so that Subject matter having means, integral with the the fluid feed line may be closed or spark plug, permitting the removal of a part of opened as desired. the spark plug from normal operating position with respect to the portion of the shell which is (2) Note. The fluid feed or air vent, for attachable to the cylinder, without forming an example, may supply priming fluid to open passageway from the cylinder to the the ignition spark gap space, or may atmosphere. blow oil off the electrodes or allow some of the burned gas to escape. Included in (1) Note. Included in this subclass are only this subclass are spark plugs in combina- unitary spark plugs. See Class 123, tion with integral fuel injection nozzles. Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses 143+, especially 169 for similar (3) Note. The fluid feed or air vent may, for subject matter where the plug is com- example, act as an observation port for bined with another separable device (as a visual inspection of the ignition spark fitting with a valve) which permits gap or as a port for the insertion of a removing of the plug without stopping cleaner. the engine. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (2) Note. These spark plugs are designed CLASS: usually to permit inspection or repair of 11.5, for this subject matter when the fluid the ignition spark gap electrodes or of passageway is for the purpose of sup- the interior end of the insulator without plying a cooling fluid (e.g., air) to the stopping the operation of the engine. spark plug. 119, for spark plugs having valve means SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- arranged so that the interior of the CLASS: plug or part of the shell may be sealed 236, for other discharge devices which off to permit removal or inspection of have a stand-by or spare electrode. at least part of the plug without stop- 237, for other discharge devices which ping the engine. have electrode replacement means or 143, for spark plugs having gas directing are demountable. means, such as baffles or valves in the electrode chamber where there is no

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fluent passageway between the inte- tened between the shell and core so that rior and the exterior of the plug. the core must be removed to remove the 231.01+,for other discharge devices which electrode. have a fluent material supply means or flow directing means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 128, for spark plugs wherein the core sup- 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub- ports a plurality of separate ignition classes 179.9+ for priming devices for electrodes with individual lead-in internal combustion engines. wires which are insulated from each 137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 455+ for other. automatically operated valves responsive to the fluid passing through the 123 Plural series gaps: valve, see especially subclasses 511+ This subclass is indented under subclass 118. for automatically operated check Subject matter having a plurality of spark gaps valves. connected in series. 239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif- fusing, appropriate subclasses, for (1) Note. The plural gaps may be located on fuel injection nozzles for internal the interior portion of the plug (e.g., used combustion engines, especially sub- to ignite the combustible gas) or one or classes 86 through 96 , and 584+. See more of the gaps may be located in or on also (2) Note, above. some other portion of the spark plug. 251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for manually operated (2) Note. Spark gaps in series with the valves. igniter spark gap, when not exposed to the cylinder charge, are often referred to 121 Reversible (e.g., part): as intensifier gaps, since they prevent This subclass is indented under subclass 118. voltage break-down until a voltage level, Subject matter in which the whole or a portion higher than would otherwise be required, thereof is reversible. is reached.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- to spark plugs in which the core can be CLASS: reversed, so that the center electrode tip 306+, and the subclasses specified in the becomes the binding post and vice versa. notes thereto for miscellaneous discharge devices having a plurality of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- gaps in series. CLASS: 144+, for spark plugs having specific joint SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: structure such as between the insula- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge tor and the shell. Devices: Systems, subclasses 180+ 236, for other discharge devices which are for systems for supplying electrical provided with a stand-by or spare energy to a plurality of different type electrode. spark gaps, subclasses 185+ for systems for supplying electrical energy to 122 Removable electrode on shell: a plurality of series connected spark This subclass is indented under subclass 118. gaps, subclass 334 and the subclasses Subject matter in which one of the ignition specified in the notes thereto, for sup- spark electrodes is supported by the shell, and plying electrical energy to a discharge is mounted so as to be removable therefrom. device having three or more series arranged electrodes. (1) Note. The removable electrode supported by the shell may be attached to a sleeve or other supporting means fas-

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110+, where the intensifier includes an opti- 124 Intensifier in center electrode lead-in: cal element as a lens, mirror, etc.. This subclass is indented under subclass 123. 146+, where the intensifier is provided with Subject matter in which one of the series gaps a movable or adjustable electrode or is located in the lead-in path which includes the shield (e.g., a screw threaded elec- center electrode connector for the ignition wire trode so that the size of the gap may and the ignition spark electrode conductively be adjusted). attached to or formed by the center electrode, 267, where the electrodes are rods or rod- the gap being located outside of the interior like members. portion of the spark plug (e.g., not in the elec- 268, where the electrodes are held apart by trode chamber). an insulating member between the electrodes, and subclass 243 for the (1) Note. Where all of the series gaps are other type. exposed to the cylinder charge so as to 282+, especially 243, 267, 268 where the form ignition spark gaps, or where the supporting or spacing structure for intensifier is located, not in the center mounting the intensifier electrodes are electrode but rather in a noncenter elec- claimed. See subclass trode return circuit or lead-in, the art will 324, for the intensifiers with a casing be found in subclass 123 above. including those having a transparent window. (2) Note. The center electrode may be 567, especially 620+, 622, 634+ where the formed of plural parts with the spaced intensifier is mounted in a sealed electrode parts forming the intensifier envelope containing gas or vapor. gap, or the center electrode may be spaced from the connector for the igni- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: tion wire so as to form an intensifier gap 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge with a portion of the connector structure, Devices: Systems, subclasses 58+ for or it may be otherwise arranged so as to similar subject matter having a circuit be in the center electrode lead-in path. impedance such as, for example, a nonlinear resistor in the center elec- (3) Note. Spark Intensifiers for Spark Plugs: trode lead-in. Intensifier spark gaps designed for use with spark plugs are not classified in this 125 Movable electrode (e.g., for cleaning, adjust- or the indented subclasses unless the able): intensifier gap is a unitary part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 118. complete spark plug, when see sub- Subject matter having an ignition spark elec- classes 123+. Where only the spark plug trode which is movable into two different posi- bushing (i.e., shell, core, center wire) is tions. claimed, no ignition spark electrodes being claimed, the intensifier gap being (1) Note. For the purpose of this definition, located in or on the bushing, the patent is an electrode which is variably positioned likewise excluded and classified as an by plastic distortion thereof (as, for intensifier gap. See Search This Class, example, when points are “set” to a Subclass, below, for some of the sub- desired position by bending to provide a classes to be searched for these intensi- particular gap length) is not considered fier gaps are: to be movable. Where the distortion is an elastic deformation as, for example, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- due to vibration, the art is in this and the CLASS: indented subclass. 1+, where there are a plurality of intensifier gaps in a unitary device. (2) Note. In general, this subclass includes 51, where the intensifier is claimed in spark plugs provided with means combination with a detachable elec- whereby an electrode may be moved tric connector. other than by plastic distortion without

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disassembly of the spark plug. The electrode may be moved for cleaning or for 127 Cleaner (e.g., movable scraper): obtaining a variable width ignition gap. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter having a cleaner. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. The cleaner may, for example, be 119, for this subject matter where the spark a movable scraper which scrapes the plug can be removed from normal electrode tips or movable balls which operating position without stopping knock carbon off the insulator. the engine. 120, for spark plugs having a reversible (2) Note. Many spark plugs are “self clean- electrode which can assume one posi- ing” by virtue of their operating at a suf- tion or a reversed position. ficiently high temperature to burn off 122, for spark plugs having a removable carbon deposits. Such spark plugs are electrode on the shell. not classified in this subclass unless they 127, for spark plugs having stationary elec- have means for cleaning in addition to trodes and a movable cleaner. the means which produce the high tem- 143, for spark plugs having a movable baf- perature operation. fle or gas directing means for the electrode chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 146+, for other space discharge devices hav- CLASS: ing a movable electrode. 120, for spark plugs having fluid feed or vent means, through which means a 126 Automatically moved (e.g., engine vibra- cleaner may be inserted to clean the tion): electrodes or other parts. This subclass is indented under subclass 125. 125+, for this subject matter in which an Subject matter in which the electrode is auto- electrode is movable as, for example, matically moved. where an electrode can be rubbed against another electrode or where an (1) Note. The electrode may be moved, for electrode vibrates during use to shake example, by engine vibration or by a off deposits or where a movable thermostat. The motion may be effected scraper is an electrode tip. so as, for example, to adjust the spacing of the spark gap electrodes or to clean SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the electrodes. 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 104.011 for spark (2) Note. This subclass also includes spark plug cleaners, per se. plugs having means for automatically moving electrodes and means for dis- 128 Plural insulated electrodes with individual abling said first mentioned means so that lead-in: the electrodes can optionally be held This subclass is indented under subclass 118. immovable. Subject matter having plural ignition spark electrodes which are insulated from the shell, (3) Note. This subclass includes spark plugs and from each other, each of the so insulated having both manual and automatic electrodes having its own lead-in structure. means to move an electrode. (1) Note. The spark plug may have three or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- more ignition spark electrodes, one of CLASS: which is mounted on the shell, at least 127, for spark plugs having automatically two of the others being insulated from moved cleaners. the shell and having individual lead-in 143, for spark plugs having automatically conductors. moved baffles or gas directing means for the electrode chamber.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 130 Non-conducting material in or adjacent gap CLASS: (e.g., restricts spark): 123+, for spark plugs having plural series This subclass is indented under subclass 118. connected ignition gaps. Subject matter having nonconducting material 140, for spark plugs having a plurality of interposed between or closely adjacent the parallel connected gaps, e.g., having a ignition spark gap. plurality of ignition spark electrodes connected together which cooperate (1) Note. The nonconducting material, for with the electrode mounted on the example, may be provided with a minute shell to form a plurality of parallel aperture through which the spark must connected ignition gaps. pass, or it may be an impervious barrier 306+, and the subclasses specified in the between the electrodes. notes thereto for other discharge devices having three or more elec- (2) Note. For the purpose of this definition, trodes. the material is closely adjacent the spark gap if it is so close that it affects the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: sparking. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 626+ and 709+ for electrical connec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tor structure having a plurality of ter- CLASS: minals which are insulated from each 143, for spark plugs having an insulator other mounted upon an insulating end at the ignition spark gap end of member. the plug of particular shape. 325, for miscellaneous spark gaps having 129 With transparent part: an insulator material within or closely This subclass is indented under subclass 118. adjacent to the spark electrodes. Subject matter having a transparent part. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. The transparent part may, for 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge example, make the spark or explosion Devices: Systems, subclass 46 for inside the engine cylinder visible to an similar subject matter where the mate- observer. rial with or closely adjacent the gap is a resistance material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 131 Non-shortest line spark and surface spark 110+, for spark plugs where the transparent type: part is an optical device such as, for This subclass is indented under subclass 130. example, a lens. See subclass 116 Subject matter in which the material is so situ- where the transparent part has light ated that the spark is caused to follow the sur- diffusing properties. face of the insulator or to follow a path which 120, for spark plugs having fluid feed or air is not the shortest path between electrodes. vent means, through which the spark gap may be observed. (1) Note. For example, the insulating mate- 124, for spark plugs having an intensifier rial may form a barrier between the gap and the portion of the plug having sparking electrodes so that the spark the intensifier gap is provided with an must jump the barrier. observation window or is made transparent. 132 Capillary groove or space: 324, for miscellaneous spark gaps which This subclass is indented under subclass 118. are provided with a casing having a Subject matter having a groove or analogous transparent part. surface structure or having a narrow space which is disclosed as drawing or holding fluid by capillary action.

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(1) Note. The fluid, for example, may be SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- condensed oil mist which is drawn away CLASS: from the electrode points by capillary 313, for other space discharge devices hav- action. ing electric shielding means.

(2) Note. The narrow space may be formed, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: for example, between two facing flat 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub- electrodes of extended area positioned classes 146.5+ for shielded ignition closely together. systems for internal combustion engines. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- CLASS: tors, subclasses 32 through 397 for 141+, and the subclasses specified in the electrical conductors having shield- notes thereto, for spark plug ignition ing means and subclass 350 for mis- electrode structure, not having capil- cellaneous electrical shielding lary grooves, in which condensed structure including that designed for fluid is drawn away from electrode use with spark plugs or spark plug- points by gravity action due to the type bushings. inclination of a surface of the elec- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge trode. Devices: Systems, subclass 85 for miscellaneous space discharge device 133 Ball electrode: systems including some spark ignition This subclass is indented under subclass 118. systems having shielding means and Subject matter having an ignition electrode consult the search notes of subclass 85 whose shape is that of a ball or a substantial for a list of related art. portion of a ball. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 125+ for an electrical connector with (1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, a spark or glow plug cover; and sub- to spark plugs in which one electrode is a classes 607.01-607.05 for an electrical substantially hemispherical or hemisphe- connector having or providing an roidal surface formed of a thin sheet inductive or capacitive shield. material. 135 With particular connector structure: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 118. CLASS: Subject matter having significant connector 325, and the subclasses specified in the structure. notes thereto for other discharge devices having ball electrodes, and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- subclass 326 for the electrodes, per se. CLASS: 51, for spark plugs having a detachable 134 With radio shielding: connector such as, for example, a This subclass is indented under subclass 118. spark plug with a connector part Subject matter having electrical shielding attached thereto in combination with means to shield the spark plug. the connector part attached to the ignition wire and designed to be attached (1) Note. The shielding means ordinarily to the spark plug connector. are used to prevent the ignition current 134, for this subject matter wherein the used with the spark plug from radiating spark plug includes electrical shield- or otherwise establishing unwanted elec- ing means. trical effects.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (2) Note. The parts may be physically 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- united as by welding a rod of one metal tors, subclass 152 for spark plug type to a rod of another metal. bushings (i.e., having no ignition sparking points claimed) in combina- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion with an electrical connector when CLASS: more bushing structure is recited than 124, for this subject matter where the plu- is necessary for mounting or support- ral parts are separated so as to form an ing the connector. intensifier gap. 439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector 137 Plural part insulating means: and for certain accessories. This class This subclass is indented under subclass 118. provides for an electrical connector Subject matter having the insulating core combined with a “named” spark plug, formed of a plurality of parts. (i.e., no more of the spark plug is claimed than is necessary to support (1) Note. For the purpose of classification or attach the connector to the spark in this subclass, stacked parallel lamina- plug). Search subclasses 125+ for a tions of mica will not be considered to be spark plug connector with a cover, or plural members, but mica members for a spark plug cover, per se; sub whose planes are not parallel (as, for classes 191+ for an electrical connec- example, a rolled mica tube surrounded tor combined with a fluid line conduit by flat mica washers) are considered to (e.g., air vent or priming means); sub- be plural members. A thin cement layer classes 271+ for an electrical connec- which is utilized to adhere together parts tor with a packing or gasket to seal the of the spark plug or to make joints gas joint between the connector and a tight is not considered to be an insulating mating connector; subclasses 312+ for member even though it may, in fact, be an electrical connector with a cou- an insulator. pling movement-actuating relatively pivotable concentric ring in addition (2) Note. The different parts of the core to the contacts thereof; subclasses may be cemented together or may be 607.01-607.05 for an electrical con- held together by mechanical means. nector with a radiation shielding means; and appropriate other sub- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- classes for an electrical connector CLASS: generally which may be used on a 130+, for spark plugs having an insulating spark plug. member in or closely adjacent to the spark gap. 136 Plural part center electrode lead-in: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter in which the portion of the cen- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- ter electrode which is encased by the insulating tors, subclasses 152+ for insulated core structure consists of more than one part. bushings, including spark plug type bushings (i.e., not having claimed (1) Note. For the purpose of classification ignition spark electrodes). in this subclass, necessary terminal structure immediately adjacent the end 138 Electrodes are pure figures of revolution of the insulator shall not be considered to about plug axis: be one of the aforementioned parts, nor This subclass is indented under subclass 118. shall a coated or covered wire (as, for Subject matter having plural ignition electrodes example, in the cored rod) be considered each of which is a pure figure of revolution to be plural parts for classification in this about the longitudinal axis of the plug. subclass.

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another electrode so that each point of (1) Note. Where an electrode is only in part the electrode defines a sparking elec- a figure of revolution, such as being a trode with the other electrode, and spark disk and in part not a figure of revolu- plugs having a plurality of shell elec- tion, such as having a supporting spur, a trodes which cooperate with the same perforated supporting means or a perfo- center electrode. ration, classification is not in this subclass. (2) Note. Some of the spark plugs in this subclass are intended to make the plug SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- efficient over a longer period of time by CLASS: having the spark shift to another elec- 133, for this subject matter where one of trode or place on the electrode as the the electrodes is ball shaped. spark gap space widens due to the “pit- 139, and 140, for similar subject matter in ting” or wearing action of the spark. which one of the electrodes is not a pure figure of revolution. See sub- (3) Note. This subclass does not include class 139 where one of the electrodes spark plugs having two electrodes is a disk or ring and the other elec- formed of smooth wires or rods which trode is not a pure figure of revolu- are mounted in parallel or convergent tion, or where one electrode is only a relation. section of a disk or ring and subclass 140 where one of the electrodes has a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- multi-pointed or serrated edge. CLASS: 123+, for spark plugs having plural ignition 139 Ring or disk electrode (e.g., sector): spark gaps which are electrically con- This subclass is indented under subclass 118. nected in series. Subject matter having an ignition electrode 236, for space discharge devices having a whose shape is that of a ring or disk or a sector stand-by or spare electrode. of a ring or disk. 306+, for other space discharge devices having three or more distinct electrodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 309, for other space discharge devices hav- CLASS: ing a multipointed or serrated edge 133, for this subject matter having a ball electrode, and subclass 351 for the shaped electrode. electrodes, per se. 138, for this subject matter having plural ignition electrodes each of which are 141 Particular electrode structure or spacing: pure figures of revolution about the This subclass is indented under subclass 118. longitudinal axis of the plug, one of Subject matter having significant ignition elec- the electrodes being a ring or disk. trode structure, interelectrode spacing, or inter- electrode spatial relationship, or having an 140 Plural parallel gaps (e.g., main and standby, ignition electrode formed of particular mate- serrated electrode): rial. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter having means to define plural (1) Note. An electrode for a spark plug distinct ignition spark gap spaces which are defined only by the composition of electrically connected in parallel. which it is made is not classified herein. Such electrodes are classified elsewhere. (1) Note. This subclass includes, for exam- See the Search Class notes below. ple, spark plugs having a plurality of separate center electrodes which are con- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- nected in parallel and which all cooper- CLASS: ate with one or more other electrodes to 122, for this subject matter where the shell define parallel gaps, spark gaps having a electrode is readily removable or multipointed electrode cooperating with demountable.

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123+, for this subject matter having plural spark gap on the axis of the plug if the series gaps. sparking faces of the electrodes are sym- 132, for this subject matter where an elec- metric about the axis and the spacing gap trode has a capillary groove. between the electrodes coincides sub- 133, for this subject matter where an elec- stantially with the axis of the plug. This trode is ball shaped. note is applicable where the electrodes 138, for this subject matter where both are plane sheets of material spaced along electrodes are pure figures of revolu- the longitudinal axis of the plug. tion about the plug axis. 139, for this subject matter where the elec- 143 Shaped electrode chamber, insulator end, trode is shaped like a ring or disk or shell skirt, baffle or gas directing means: sector of a ring or disk. This subclass is indented under subclass 118. 140, for this subject matter having plural Subject matter having means to provide an distinct parallel gaps, such as, for electrode chamber of significant shape, or hav- example, those formed between a ser- ing an insulator whose exposed cylinder end rated and a smooth electrode. has a significant shape, or having a shell skirt 311, for space discharge devices having of particular shape, or having a baffle or gas electrodes made of particular materi- directing means. als. 326+, for miscellaneous discharge device (1) Note. The insulator end, for example, electrode structure. may be ridged so as to provide a longer leakage current path. The baffle, for SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: example, may prevent oil vapor from 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, reaching the insulator, or it may cause Compositions for Use Therein, Con- gas currents to concentrate in the vicinity solidated Metal Powder Composi- of the electrode points. tions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, if made of a pure metal, or (2) Note. The baffle may or may not be an alloy subclasses 228+ provides for movable. sintered or consolidated metal powder stock material. (3) Note. Spark plugs in combination with 148, Metal Treatment, provides for such separable adapters are not included electrodes defined solely by their herein. See Class 123, Internal-Combus- metal or alloy composition and which tion Engines, subclass 169 for this com- are distinguished by their internal bination. Adapters which are no more structure or characteristics of the than a pipe fitting with means to attach metal or metal alloy (e.g., produced the plug at one end and the fitting to the by a Class 148 treatment). plug at the other end and which include 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- joint structure will be found in the appro- cles, subclasses 544+ provides for priate subclasses of Class 285, Pipe electrode materials which as defined Joints or Couplings. Fittings or adapters are only metal wire or other metallic which include flow regulator or baffle stock material. structure are classified in Class 138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 142 Gap on and along axis: 37+. This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which the spatial relation and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- construction of the ignition electrodes is such CLASS: that the spark gap between them coincides with 127, for spark plugs having a movable the longitudinal axis of the plug. cleaner, such as, for example, a movable scraper within the electrode (1) Note. Electrodes of extended area will chamber. be considered, for the purpose of classification in this subclass, to have the

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(i.e., a spark plug with no ignition 144 With specific joint structure: sparking electrodes claimed) having This subclass is indented under subclass 118. joint structure between the parts of the Subject matter having significant joint struc- bushing. ture. 285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for mere pipe joints includ- (1) Note. Where there is a significant joint ing insulated pipe joints. between the center electrode and core in 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate addition to a joint between other parts, subclasses for rod joints of general such as the shell and core, subclass 145 application. Note that insulated rod must also be searched. joints are in Class 174, subclass 138, or one of the classes specified in the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- notes thereto. CLASS: 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 119, for spark plugs which are provided 625+ for an electrical connector with a joint involving structure so that mounted on or attached to an electri- a part of the plug may be removed cal insulator. from operating position without stop- 501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate ping the engine (e.g., the insulator subclasses for ceramic compositions may be removed from the shell and or the electric insulating type, such as means are provided to seal off the cements for joints, and for electric opening in the shell). insulators defined merely by their 121, where the spark plug is provided with composition, especially subclasses joint structure so that some part (e.g., 127+ and 134+ for clay containing the insulator) may be removed and compositions; and subclasses 141+ replaced in the reverse position. for titanate and similar material con- 137, for the subject matter when the insu- taining compositions. lating core is formed of a plurality of parts. 145 Between center electrode and insulator: 238+, especially subclasses 243, 267 and This subclass is indented under subclass 144. 268 for other space discharge devices Subject matter in which the said joint is with supporting and spacing struc- between the center electrode and the insulating tures which involve joints between the core. parts. (1) Note. This subclass includes spark plugs SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: having a significant joint between the 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub- center electrode and the insulating core class 169 for spark plugs in combina- or significant joint structure between the tion with an internal combustion shell and core in addition to the signifi- engine or engine accessory. Included cant joint between the center electrode in Class 123 are joints between the and core. Where the only significant spark plug and the cylinder where sig- joint is between the insulator and the nificant cylinder structure is recited. shell, see the Search This Class, Sub- Also, included in Class 123 is the class notes below. combination of a spark plug with an adapter designed to hold the plug at (2) Note. to subclass one end and designed to be attached to the cylinder at the other end (e.g., to SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- use a small sized plug in a larger sized CLASS: cylinder opening). 120, where the joint structure includes a 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- fluid valve. tors, subclass 138 for miscellaneous 124, where there is an intensifier in the insulated rod joints and subclass 152 center electrode. for spark plug type electrical bushings

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128, where there is a plurality of insulated space as the electrode is consumed by center electrodes. the discharge. 136, where the center electrode is made of 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge a plurality of parts. Devices: Systems, subclasses 327+ 144, where the only significant joint is for systems for supplying electrical between the insulator and the shell, energy to discharge devices which are and see the search notes for other designed to be started by placing the classes providing for closely related electrodes into contact with each other subject matter. and then separating the electrodes from each other (e.g., which have a 146 WITH MOVABLE ELECTRODE OR movable electrode), and subclass 357 SHIELD: for electric systems for supplying This subclass is indented under the class defini- electrical energy to other discharge tion. Devices having at least one electrode or devices of the gas or vapor type which shield which is movable relative to another have a movable electrode. electrode or shield or to some other part of the 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or device. Devices, subclass 135, where the device is an X-ray tube. (1) Note. This subclass includes devices where the electrode or shield is designed 147 Plural: to be moved during the operation of the This subclass is indented under subclass 146. device and also includes devices where Devices having a plurality of movable elec- the electrode or shield is mounted so as trodes or shields. to be moved for adjustment and need not be moved during the operation of the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: device. For example, included in this 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge and the indented subclasses are spark Devices: Consumable Electrodes, gaps having one of the electrodes subclasses 51+, for discharge devices mounted by means of screw threads so of the consumable electrode type that the electrodes can be moved closer (e.g., arc lamps) which have a plural- or further apart. ity of movable electrodes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 148 Movable envelope wall: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 146. 125+, where the device is a spark plug. Devices which are provided with an envelope and which have a portion of the envelope wall SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: movable, the means for moving the electrode 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, sub- or shield being connected to the movable enve- classes 29, 39+, and 94 for electrical lope wall. precipitators which have movable electrodes. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub- appropriate subclasses for means for class 17.8 for miscellaneous struc- transmitting electricity from a fixed tures for transmitting mechanical point or contact to an object which is motion through a wall by means movable. including an imperforate movable 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge envelope wall portion. Devices: Consumable Electrodes, 403, Joints and Connections, subclasses appropriate subclasses for arc lamps 230+ for joints between a rod-like and similar discharge devices of the body transverse to a plate-like body. consumable electrode type having an electrode which is movable in order to feed it towards another electrode to maintain the proper length discharge

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where the device is designed to be 149 Rotary: started by tilting the discharge device This subclass is indented under subclass 146. so as to bring the liquid electrode into Devices in which the movable electrode or contact with another electrode. shield is mounted so as to rotate. 362, Illumination, subclasses 263+ for liquid electrode type lamps (e.g., mer- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: cury vapor lamps) in combination 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge with a separable support for the lamp. Devices: Consumable Electrodes, subclasses 42+ for discharge devices 151 Thermal actuator: of the consumable electrode type This subclass is indented under subclass 146. (e.g., arc lamps), which are provided Devices having thermally operable means for with rotary electrodes. moving the electrode or shield. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 135, for this subject SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- matter where the device is an X-ray CLASS: generator. 146+, for movable electrode discharge devices in which an electrode is 150 Movable liquid electrode: moved by the blast of gas or fluid This subclass is indented under subclass 146. which results from vaporization or Devices having a movable liquid electrode. thermal expansion of the gas or fluid due to the presence of a space dis- (1) Note. Since all devices having liquid charge. Such thermal vaporization or electrodes may have the electrode expansion is not deemed to be “ther- moved by tilting the device so as to mally actuated” for subclass 151. cause the electrode to flow, this subclass includes only those devices which are SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: provided with a liquid electrode which 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge may be moved by means other than the Devices: Consumable Electrodes, mere tilting of the device. Some of the subclasses 89+ for discharge devices devices in this subclass have means for of the consumable electrode type changing the level of a liquid electrode (e.g., arc lamps) which are provided and some are provided with means for with a thermostatic means for moving producing a jet or fountain of liquid from the electrodes. the region of the liquid electrode for 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge starting a discharge, but the subclass is Devices: Systems, subclass 39.59 for not limited to such types. discharge devices having an electrode formed so as to provide a structure SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- having distributed inductance and CLASS: capacitance and operable in a mag- 163+, for other discharge devices under the netic field (e.g., magnetrons), the class definition which are provided device having thermally actuated with liquid electrodes. means for varying the tuning of the reactive structure, subclasses 331+, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: for systems for supplying electrical 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge energy to discharge devices of the gas Devices: Systems, subclasses 327+ or vapor type including those which for systems for supplying electrical are provided with a liquid electrode energy to discharge devices which where the discharge device is pro- have a liquid electrode and which are vided with an auxiliary starting elec- provided with means for moving the trode which is moved into contact liquid electrode into contact with with and then separated from one of another electrode to start the device the principal electrodes by thermo- into operation, see subclasses 328+

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static means to start the discharge vided with an auxiliary starting elec- device. trode which is moved into contact with and then separated from one of 152 Magnetic actuator: the principal electrodes by magnetic This subclass is indented under subclass 146. means to start the discharge device. Devices having a magnetic means for moving 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated the electrode or shield. Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- nets, subclasses 220+ for electromag- (1) Note. The magnetic means may be an nets with armatures. electromagnet connected in circuit with an electrode. A mere conductive con- 153 WITH MAGNETIC DEVICE: nection is not sufficient circuit to This subclass is indented under the class defini- exclude the organization from Class 313. tion. Subject matter where the lamp or discharge device has a magnetic device associated SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- therewith. CLASS: 153+, and the subclasses specified in the (1) Note. Many of the devices in this and notes thereto for other devices under the indented subclasses are discharge the class definition which are pro- devices in which the magnetic field is vided with a magnetic device. designed to influence the space discharge but these subclasses are not lim- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ited to such devices. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, for (2) Note. This and the indented subclass consumable electrode type arc lamps includes devices in which an electrode and other consumable electrode type generates the magnetic field, such as discharge devices having magnetic having an electrode made in coil form to means for feeding one of the elec- generate the magnetic field. trodes towards the other electrode as it or they are consumed in the discharge (3) Note. Where the lamp or discharge or for separating the electrodes from device is provided with an envelope, the each other to start the space discharge. magnetic field generating means may be See especially subclasses 66+, 69+, within or without the envelope. 78, 105+, and 113+; not that subclasses 69+, provides for rotary elec- (4) Note. See the class definition for the tric motors while the other subclasses classification of deflection and focusing mentioned provide for electromag- magnets. nets. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge (5) Note. The magnetic means may be an Devices: Systems, subclass 39.59 for electromagnet connected in circuit with discharge devices having an electrode an electrode. A mere conductive con- formed so as to provide a structure nection is not sufficient circuit to having distributed inductance and exclude the organization from Class 313. capacitance and operable in a magnetic field (e.g., magnetrons), the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- device being provided with magneti- CLASS: cally actuated means for varying the 62, for cyclotrons which include magnetic impedance of the distributed imped- means. ance structure, subclasses 331+ for 152, for devices under the class definition systems for supplying electrical which are provided with a movable energy to discharge devices of the gas electrode and with magnetic means or vapor type including those which for moving the electrode. are provided with a liquid electrode 421, 426, 427, 433, and 440, for cathode- where the discharge device is pro- ray tubes provided with magnetic

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means for deflecting a beam of elec- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- trons. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 442, for cathode-ray tubes provided with subclasses 510+ for miscellaneous means to focus a beam of electrons. circuits which are magnetically effected. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 331, Oscillators, subclasses 5 and 86+ for 218, High-Voltage Switches With Arc Pre- electrical oscillators utilizing a mag- venting or Extinguishing Devices, netically controlled space discharge subclass 22 for electric switches pro- device (e.g., magnetron). vided with magnetic means for sup- 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated pressing arcs when the circuit is Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- opened. nets, subclasses 210+. 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 281+ for 373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, methods and apparatus for ionic sepa- subclasses 64 and 107, for electric arc ration or analysis (e.g., mass spec- furnaces in which the arc is deflected trometry) particularly subclass 296 for out of its normal path by a magnetic plural diverse field type ion path field. selecting means and subclasses 298+ 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro- which include magnetic means for cesses, Systems, and Elements, sub- detecting the movement of ionic parti- classes 100+ for the use of magnetic cles, subclass 309 for positive ion devices in apparatus for containing a microscopes and subclasses 396+ for plasma yielding, or intended to yield, electron or ion beam deflection or thermonuclear reactions. focussing means which may include a magnetic deflection or focussing 154 For generating plural fields: member. This subclass is indented under subclass 153. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Subject matter where the lamp or discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, device has a plurality of magnetic devices and/ subclass 20 for consumable electrode or having magnetic means for producing a plu- type discharge devices (e.g., arc rality of distinct magnetic fields. lamps) provided with magnetic means for influencing the space discharge. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge CLASS: Devices: Systems, subclasses 40 and 421, 426, 427, 433, and 440, for cathode- 41+ for discharge devices of the mag- ray tubes provided with magnetic netron type, that is, discharge devices means for deflecting a beam of elec- which are provided with magnetic trons. means for influencing the space dis- 442, for cathode-ray tubes provided with charge and which have the electrodes means to focus a beam of electrons. formed as inductive impedances (e.g., resonators) or which have the elec- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: trodes connected by inductive imped- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ances; subclasses 236, 267, 338, and Devices: Systems, subclass 343 for 344+ for electrical systems for sup- systems for supplying electrical plying electrical energy to electric energy to discharge devices of the gas lamps or discharge devices of the gas or vapor type having a plurality of or vapor type, where the lamp or dis- electromagnetic means for influenc- charge device is provided with an ing the discharge. electromagnet for influencing its operation. 155 Electrode generates field: This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter in which at least a portion of the means for generating the magnetic field is an electrode of the lamp or discharge device.

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ode), the magnetic means being arranged to (1) Note. Examples of the devices in this generate a magnetic field which extends along subclass are devices in which a pole face the axis of the elongated electrodes. of the magnet also acts as a discharge electrode and devices in which an elec- 158 Pole pieces facing electrode ends: trode is formed into a coil so that the cur- This subclass is indented under subclass 157. rent therethrough will produce a Subject matter in which the magnetic means magnetic field. includes magnetic poles which extend across and face the ends of the concentrically SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- arranged elongated electrodes and are axially CLASS: spaced from the electrodes. 342, for the structure of noninductive filaments. (1) Note. The magnetic pole piece faces are usually planar and mutually parallel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 159 Electrode support penetrates pole piece: Devices: Systems, subclass 40 for This subclass is indented under subclass 158. lamps and discharge devices which Subject matter wherein at least one of the mag- have an electrode formed as an induc- netic pole pieces has an opening therein and an tive impedance. Included in subclass electrode supporting member extends into the 40 are “magnetrons” having plural opening in the pole piece. anodes, the anodes and the connection therebetween forming “cavity resona- 160 With envelope: tors” (e.g., inductive impedances). This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Similar magnetrons will be found in Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge subclass 42 of Class 315, where the device is provided with an envelope. plural anodes are connected by inductive impedances. (1) Note. The magnetic field generating means may be within or without enve- 156 Field transverse to discharge: lope. This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter which includes a discharge 161 Gas or vapor type: device, the magnetic field generating means This subclass is indented under subclass 160. being arranged so that the generated magnetic Subject matter wherein the envelope contains a field extends transversely of the discharge gas or vapor. space between the discharge electrodes. (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: devices having a gas or vapor at a suffi- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge cient pressure to cause ionization of the Devices: Systems, subclass 39.71 for gas or the electric discharge and devices discharge, devices having an electrode wherein the claims state that the device formed so as to provide a structure contains a gas or vapor. having distributed inductance and capacitance, and operable in a mag- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- netic field (e.g., magnetrons), the CLASS: device having significant magnetic 567, and the subclass specified in the notes field generating or pole structure. thereto for other devices under the class definition which are provided 157 Concentrically arranged electrode with with an envelope and a gas or vapor axial field: atmosphere. This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter in which one or more elongated tubular electrodes (e.g., anode and/or grid) surrounds another elongated electrode (e.g., cath-

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lope and an internal temperature 162 Three or more electrodes: modifying baffle for modifying the This subclass is indented under subclass 160. temperature of the vapor within the Subject matter where the lamp or discharge envelope. device has three or more electrodes. 34, for liquid electrode discharge devices provided with an envelope which has SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- condensing chamber or surface for CLASS: condensing the electrode vapor into 306+, and the subclasses specified in the liquid form. notes thereto, for other discharge 150, for liquid electrode discharge devices devices under the class definition wherein the liquid electrode is mov- which have three or more electrodes. able. 328, for liquid electrode receptacles for use 163 LIQUID ELECTRODE DISCHARGE with liquid electrode discharge DEVICES: devices. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 549+, for discharge devices under the class tion. Discharge devices having at least one liq- definition which are provided with uid electrode. means, such as a body of mercury, which is designed to be vaporized (1) Note. Included in this and the indented during the operation of the device to subclasses are discharge devices which supply the gas or vapor atmosphere in have mercury or mercury amalgam elec- the device, see subclasses 559+ where trodes and discharge devices having the electrode is formed of or is coated electrodes made of material which with a material (e.g., an alkali metal) becomes liquid only during the operation which vaporizes during the operation of the discharge device. of the device to supply the gas or vapor atmosphere in the device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 7, for liquid electrode discharge devices 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break- in combination with an evacuating ers, subclasses 61.05, 61.47, 80, 81.6, pump. and 182+ for liquid contact electric 16, for liquid electrode discharge devices switches in which an electric circuit is in combination with electric heater made through a conducting liquid. means for heating the liquid electrode. 218, High-Voltage Switches With Arc Pre- 18+, for liquid electrode discharge devices venting or Extinguishing Devices, such as mercury vapor rectifiers subclasses 1+ for liquid contact elec- which are provided with a metallic tric switches in which an electric cir- envelope and a casing or jacket cuit is made through a conducting enclosing the envelope and having liquid. means for modifying the temperature 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge of the discharge device. Devices: Systems, appropriate sub- 22+, for liquid electrode discharge devices classes for systems for supplying elec- provided with a casing or jacket and trical energy to liquid electrode lamps means for circulating a heat transfer during the starting and operating peri- fluid in contact with the discharge ods. See subclasses 289+, where the device. system includes means for generating 29, for miscellaneous liquid electrode dis- a surge of potential during the starting charge devices with means for modi- period. See subclasses 327+, where fying the temperature of the liquid the electrodes are in contact with each electrode. other during the starting. See sub- 33, and the subclasses specified in the classes 328+, where the discharge notes thereto for liquid electrode dis- device is tilted to flow the liquid elec- charge devices provided with an enve- trode into contact with the other elec-

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trode. See subclasses 330+ and 335+ notes thereto, for miscellaneous sys- where the device is provided with an tems for supplying electrical energy to auxiliary starting electrode. discharge devices of the liquid elec- 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated trode type which are provided with a Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- discharge controlling means, (e.g., nets, subclasses 47+ for electromag- external electrode). netically operated switches utilizing 329, Demodulators, appropriate sub- conductive liquid. classes and particularly subclass 368 for an amplitude modulation demodu- 164 Shock absorber for liquid: lator utilizing an electron discharge This subclass is indented under subclass 163. device which may include an exterior Discharge devices provided with means to pre- liquid electrode. vent damage to the device by movement of the liquid during handling. 167 Apertured electrode (e.g., grid) interposed in discharge space: 165 Plural liquid electrodes: This subclass is indented under subclass 163. This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Discharge devices having a liquid electrode Discharge devices having a plurality of liquid and another principle discharge electrode (e.g., electrodes. anode) and having a grid electrode or other apertured electrode located in the discharge (1) Note. One of the liquid electrodes may space between the liquid electrode and the be an auxiliary starting electrode, an other principle electrode. auxiliary holding electrode, or both liquid electrodes may be principal dis- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- charge electrodes. CLASS: 326, for the miscellaneous electrodes 166 Starting band or external electrode: which are provided with only a single This subclass is indented under subclass 163. aperture. Discharge devices having an envelope and hav- 348+, for the structure of grid electrodes and ing an electrode exteriorly of the envelope. other foraminous electrodes. 356, for the structure of tubular and other (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge hollow sleeve-like electrodes. devices provided with two electrodes 597+, for gas or vapor discharge devices within the envelope and a metal band which are provided with a grid or surrounding the envelope in the vicinity apertured electrode interposed in the of the liquid electrode. The external discharge space, the grid or apertured electrode may also be a conductor mem- electrode and the anode being within a ber exterior of the envelope which hollow shield. The structures in sub- extends from one of the electrodes into classes 597+ are closely analogous to the vicinity of the liquid electrode. Also those used with liquid electrode dis- included are envelopes having re-entrant charge devices. Also 597+, for other portions, a wire or rod electrode being discharge devices having an envelope within the re-entrant portion and exterior and a confined atmosphere or gas or to the space enclosed by the envelope. vapor which have a grid or other aper- The auxiliary electrodes in the devices in tured electrode interposed in the dis- this subclass are often used to electri- charge space between the cathode and cally stress the region near the liquid the anode. electrode to facilitate the initiation of the discharge in the device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Devices: Systems, subclasses 349+ 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge and the subclasses specified in the Devices: Systems, subclasses 349+ notes thereto for systems for supply- and the subclasses specified in the ing electrical energy to gas or vapor

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discharge devices and to liquid elec- 326+, for miscellaneous shield structures, trode discharge devices which have note subclass 356 for the structure of control electrodes. tubular or hollow sleeve-like shields. 590, for other gas or vapor type discharge 168 Plural anodes in separate envelope cham- devices which have a shield inter- bers: posed between two of the anodes to This subclass is indented under subclass 163. prevent a discharge therebetween. Discharge devices having an envelope which is 597+, for gas or vapor type discharge formed so as to have a portion for the liquid devices which are provided with a electrode and at least two separate anode cham- hollow shield which encloses an ber portions with anodes therein. anode and a grid-like electrode, the shield serving to prevent undesired (1) Note. In the structures in this subclass, discharges to the anode. the anode chambers serve to shield the 614, for gas or vapor type discharge anodes from each other so that dis- devices which are provided with an charges from one anode to another are anode shield to prevent undesired dis- made more difficult. charges to the anode.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 170 Auxiliary starting or holding electrode: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 163. 34, for liquid electrode devices which are Discharge devices having an auxiliary starting provided with a condensing chamber or holding electrode in addition to the principal and separate anode chambers for the discharge electrodes. anodes. 169, for the liquid electrode discharge (1) Note. See the glossary in the class defi- devices which have a plurality of nition for the definition of “auxiliary anodes with shielding means to pre- starting electrode” and “holding elec- vent discharges between the anodes. trode”. 634+, for gas or vapor type discharge devices which are distinguished by SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the envelope structure. CLASS: 146+, where the auxiliary electrode is mov- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ably mounted so that it may be 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+, for the brought into contact with the liquid structure of envelopes, per se, for dis- electrode, see indented subclass 150, charge devices. where the auxiliary electrode is a movable liquid electrode. 169 Plural anodes with anode arc shield: 596, and 601+, for other gas or vapor type This subclass is indented under subclass 163. discharge devices within the class def- Discharge devices which has a plurality of inition which have an auxiliary start- anodes and which have a shield interposed ing electrode. between two of the anodes to prevent discharges from one anode to the other. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge (1) Note. In some of the devices in this sub- Devices: Consumable Electrodes, class, each of the anodes is surrounded subclass 34, for discharge devices of by a tubular sleeve which is the anode the consumable electrode type (e.g., shield. arc lamps) which are provided with an auxiliary starting electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge CLASS: Devices: Systems, appropriate sub- 239, for miscellaneous supporting struc- classes, for systems for supplying tures for shields. electrical energy to liquid electrode

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discharge devices during the starting and operating periods; see subclasses SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 289+, where the systems include CLASS: means for generating a surge of poten- 232, for discharge devices in which the tial during the starting period, sub- electrodes are immersed in a noncon- classes 330+, where the auxiliary ducting liquid, the discharge creating electrode and one of the principal a path for itself through the liquid. electrodes are brought into contact with each other during the starting 173 Cathode spot anchoring: operation, and subclasses 335+, for This subclass is indented under subclass 163. the miscellaneous systems where the Discharge devices provided with means to pre- discharge device is provided with an vent the discharge from wandering over the auxiliary starting or holding electrode. surface of the liquid electrode.

171 Immersed in liquid electrode: (1) Note. Examples of the devices found in This subclass is indented under subclass 170. this subclass are liquid electrode dis- Discharge devices in which the auxiliary elec- charge devices having a pointed rod trode is in contact with or is wholly or partially extending from the liquid electrode and immersed in the liquid electrode. discharge devices having restricting means such as an apertured baffle so that (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge the discharge must pass through the devices where the auxiliary electrode is aperture to reach the liquid electrode. encased in an insulating covering, the insulated electrode being wholly or par- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tially immersed in the liquid electrode. CLASS: Also included are discharge devices 328, for liquid electrode receptacles for use which have a starting electrode of the with liquid electrode discharge “ignition” type (e.g., an electrode of high devices. resistance material) which is in contact with the liquid electrode. 230 DISCHARGE DEVICE WITH POSITIVE ION EMITTER: 172 Liquid in contact with plural electrodes: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 163. tion. Discharge devices which are provided Discharge devices in which the liquid electrode with an electrode or other device for emitting makes contact with a plurality of other elec- positive ions. trodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge CLASS: devices having two electrodes which are 163+, for discharge devices which have a wholly or partially immersed in a con- liquid electrode (e.g., mercury), which ducting liquid (e.g., mercury), there is the source of positive ions during being no electrical contact to the liquid the operation of the device. excepting that made by the electrodes 359.1+, for discharge devices provided with which are immersed in it. The devices in means to form and accelerate positive use are intended to volatilize the liquid or negative ions. thereby interrupting the circuit between 567, for discharge devices which are pro- the two electrodes to establish a dis- vided with an envelope containing an charge, the liquid forming the gas or atmosphere of gas or vapor, the gas or vapor in which the discharge is to be vapor being ionized in the operation maintained. of the device and therefore being a source of positive ions.

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chamber or surface for condensing the 231.01 FLUENT MATERIAL SUPPLY OR FLOW vapors within the envelope. DIRECTING MEANS: 35+, for devices which are provided with This subclass is indented under the class defini- means for directing the flow of a tem- tion. Subject matter including (a) means to perature modifying fluid to some part direct the flow of fluent material into the dis- of the device. charge area of a discharge device, (b) means to 120, for spark plugs provided with means direct the flow of fluent material into contact to supply fluid from the exterior of the with some part of the device, (c) means to spark plug to the electrode chamber direct the flow of gas vapor or smoke generated (e.g., with a priming cup). by an electrode in the operation of the device, 143, for spark plugs having the electrode or (d) means to direct the flow of gases or chamber shaped so as to direct the vapors which are caused to circulate due to flow of gas or vapor. having been heated by an electrode, the space 359.1+, for ion generators with means for discharge, or other part of the device. accelerating the ions. 564, where the device is provided with an (1) Note. This subclass includes both lamps envelope and contains a getter or a gas and space discharge devices with fluent or vapor generating material within material flow directing means. The space the envelope and is provided with discharge devices in this and indented means for causing the material depos- subclasses are not restricted to discharge ited from the getter or vapor to deposit devices having discharge electrodes but in a particular place within the device. include discharge devices with an elec- 609+, for discharge devices which are pro- trodeless discharge, for example, an vided with an envelope containing a induction-type discharge device. gas or vapor and which have a partition, baffle, constricting means, or a (2) Note. Smoke as used in this subclass portion of the envelope wall between includes all particles given off by the fil- the discharge electrodes to alter the ament or an electrode in the operation of direction of the discharge or to con- the device. strict the area of the discharge path within the device. (3) Note. Patents disclosing incandescent 626, for devices which are provided with lamps and discharge devices having an an envelope containing a gas or vapor envelope enclosing a gas or vapor, the and which have shielding means for device being provided with means to the electrode lead-in or electrode sup- direct the flow of the gas or vapor which port to prevent the deposited material circulates within the envelope due to the from being deposited in contact with gas or vapor becoming heated are cross- the electrode lead-in or support. referenced to this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (4) Note. See the class definition for a refer- 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, sub- ence to other classes which provide for classes 15+ for electrostatic precipita- the treating of fluids with ray energy, tors having analogous structure. electrons, or ions generated by space dis- 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for charge devices or lamps. devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional stream of neutral SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- molecules or atoms through a vac- CLASS: uum, usually with thermal velocity; 33, where the device is provided with an subclasses 281+ for methods and envelope and in internal temperature apparatus for ionic separation or anal- modifying baffle. ysis; especially subclass 288 which 34, where the device is provided with an includes a sample supply or invisible envelope which has a condensing radiation responsive gas; subclasses 379+ for discharge device apparatus

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which includes means to supply the gas into the discharge devices; sub- 231.21 Expulsion type: classes 396+ for means to deflect, This subclass is indented under subclass scan, spread, or focus a performed 231.11. Subject matter including an arcing beam of ions; and subclasses 423+ for chamber in which a gas evolving or other arc- ion generation methods and apparatus extinguishing material is brought into contact in which a material is treated or irradi- with the arc to interrupt the follow current. ated. 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge 231.31 Plasma: Devices: Consumable Electrodes, This subclass is indented under subclass subclass 20 for discharge devices of 231.01. Subject matter including means for the consumable electrode type (e.g., producing a plasma. arc lamps) which are provided with means for directing a fluent material (1) Note. Usually plasmas have a neutral into the discharge space to deflect the net charge, but not necessarily so. discharge out of its normal path; subclass 22 for consumable electrode dis- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- charge devices which have means to CLASS: feed a fluent material (which may be 231.71, for arc discharge devices which pro- solid particles) to the discharge space; duce visible light. and subclasses 26+ for consumable electrode discharge devices which are 231.41 Arc discharge type: provided with a ventilator or fume This subclass is indented under subclass director, see especially indented sub- 231.31. Subject matter including two elec- class 28. trodes between which an arc is developed and 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge including structure to direct the produced Devices: Systems, subclasses 111.01+ plasma in a direction out of the device. for discharge device load with fluent material supply to the discharge 231.51 With tangential fluent supply: space. This subclass is indented under subclass 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated 231.41. Subject matter including means for Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- directing fluent material to the area of the arc nets, subclass 210 for ion or electron and tangentially with respect to the direction beam deflecting magnets, per se, and the plasma is directed. the search notes thereto for combinations including such magnet means. 231.61 Electromagentic output (i.e., light): 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro- This subclass is indented under subclass cesses, Systems, and Elements, sub- 231.41. Subject matter including means to classes 100+ for processes or devices provide a visible light output. for directing or injecting electrically charged or accelerated particles into a 231.71 Arc discharge lamp or radiation source: plasma body wherein the intent is to This subclass is indented under subclass obtain a nuclear fusion reaction. 231.01. Subject matter including two electrodes between which an arc is developed and 231.11 Lightning or surge arrester: wherein the arc is the source of radiant energy. This subclass is indented under subclass 231.01. Subject matter including two elec- 232 ELECTRODES IMMERSED IN LIQUID: trodes designed and positioned to provide an This subclass is indented under the class defini- internal series gap to protect an electric appara- tion. Devices having an electrode which is tus from high transient voltages. wholly or partially immersed in a liquid.

(1) Note. This subclass includes discharge devices which have the electrode wholly or partially immersed in a nonconduct-

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ing liquid. Where the electrodes are immersed in a conducting liquid see the 233 INVOLVING PARTICULAR DEGREE OF subclasses referred to in the search notes VACUUM: below. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices which include an envelope and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- which are defined by the degree of vacuum in CLASS: the envelope. 35, and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for devices which using (1) Note. The devices in the subclass con- liquids or which have means for tain no appreciable amount of gas and directing the flow of a fluid towards are intended to be operated as vacuum some part of the device for the pur- devices. However, merely defining a pose of modifying the temperature of device as a vacuum device will not be the device. sufficient to cause classification of the 163+, and the subclasses specified in the patent in this subclass unless the degree notes thereto, for discharge devices of vacuum is specified. Devices defined which are provided with a liquid elec- merely as vacuum devices are classified trode. In the devices in subclasses in the other appropriate subclass in this 163+ the liquid electrode ordinarily class. has a lead-in wire immersed in the liquid and another electrode which may SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- also be liquid which is not immersed CLASS: in the liquid. However, see the refer- 567, for devices with a gas or vapor in the ence to subclass 172, infra. See sub- envelope even though the device is class 171 where the discharge device not intended to be operated with ion- is provided with an auxiliary starting ization of the gas or vapor; if the electrode which is wholly or partially claims state that the device contains a immersed in the liquid electrode. See gas or vapor, the patent is classified in subclass 172 where a plurality of non- subclass 567 even though the pressure liquid electrodes are immersed in a is such that the device has the charac- liquid electrode which is vaporized teristics of a vacuum device. See (1) during the operation of the discharge Note, above. device the liquid supplying the vapor 577, for such gas or vapor devices where atmosphere for the device and serving the pressure is only a hundred microns to initiate the discharge between the (0.1 mm.) or less. nonliquid electrodes. 234 ELECTRODE EXTERIOR TO ENVE- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: LOPE: 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and This subclass is indented under the class defini- Breakers, subclasses 61.05, 61.47, tion. Discharge devices which include an 81.6, 141, and 182+ for liquid contact envelope and which have at least one electrode switches. of the device exterior to the space enclosed by 218, High-Voltage Switches With Arc Pre- the envelope. venting or Extinguishing Devices, subclasses 1+ for liquid contact (1) Note. Some of the discharge devices in switches. this subclass have one or more elec- 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated trodes within the envelope and another Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- electrode exterior to the envelope. For nets, subclasses 47+ for electromag- example, the discharge device may have netically actuated liquid contact a cathode and an anode within the enve- switches. lope, and a control electrode exterior to 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and the envelope. Devices, subclass 435 for electrolytic interrupters.

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(2) Note. This subclass does not include SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: devices under the class definition which 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge have an envelope formed in whole or Devices: Consumable Electrodes, part of metal or other conductive mate- appropriate subclasses, for consum- rial and being designed for use as an able electrode devices (e.g., arc electrode. For such devices, see the sub- lamps) which are provided with classes referred to under “SEARCH means for feeding one electrode THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS” below. towards the other as the electrode is consumed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 236 STAND-BY ELECTRODE TYPE (WITH 166, where the discharge device is pro- SPARE ELECTRODE): vided with a liquid (e.g., mercury) This subclass is indented under the class defini- electrode. tion. Devices which have a plurality of similar 246+, for discharge devices which include electrodes and which are provided with means an envelope, a part of the envelope other than the mere terminals of the electrodes being formed of metal or conductive so that one of the similar electrodes can be used material which is designed for use as to the exclusion of the other, the means being an electrode, the device including capable of selecting either of the similar elec- means for supporting and/or spacing a trodes for use. plurality of electrodes in the envelope. 607, where the envelope contains a gas or (1) Note. Some of the devices in this sub- vapor (i.e., gas or vapor type dis- class are designed so that one electrode charge devices). may be used until the electrode fails to operate properly and then another elec- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: trode may be substituted for the elec- 329, Demodulators, appropriate sub- trode which failed. classes and particularly subclass 368 for an amplitude modulation demodu- (2) Note. This subclass does not include lator utilizing an electron discharge devices, which include no more structure device which may include an exterior than a device having the electrodes con- electrode. nected to separate terminals so that different electrodes may be selectively 235 IMPERFECT ELECTRICAL CONTACT energized by connecting their respective BETWEEN ELECTRODES: terminals to proper sources of electrical This subclass is indented under the class defini- current or potential without altering in tion. Devices which include a plurality of elec- any way the structure of the lamp or dis- trodes which are maintained in imperfect elec- charge device. For example, excluded is trical contact, the devices being designed so a multiple filament lamp which is pro- that the passage of electrical current from one vided with three or four terminals so that electrode to the other will either produce light either filament may be energized by con- or cause the electrodes to be heated adjacent necting the current supply conductors to the ends of the electrodes which are in contact the proper filament terminals. Also with each other. excluded is the control grid type discharge device which may be operated as SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a diode rectifier by either connecting the CLASS: control grid to the anode or leaving the 315+, and the subclasses specified in the control grid unconnected. The devices notes to the definition of those sub- in this subclass include some structure in classes for other incandescent lamps. the lamp or discharge device which is provided only to make it possible to selectively use the electrodes. For example, included in this subclass are two fil-

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ament devices having three terminals for the filaments, one terminal being cov- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ered by insulation until one of the fila- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge ments fails when the insulation is Devices: Consumable Electrodes, removed and the other filament used. subclasses 1+ for discharge devices of Also included are devices having two fil- the consumable electrode type (e.g., aments with two terminals, one filament arc lamps and similar devices pro- not being connected to a terminal, the vided with means for feeding the elec- device being provided with means for trodes together) which have means for connecting the second filament to the substituting one electrode for another terminals when the first filament fails. when the first electrode is consumed or fails to operate properly. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge CLASS: Devices: Systems, subclasses 32+ for 52, for devices under the class definition electric lamps and discharge devices which are provided with means for which have structurally combined converting the device into a different therewith a circuit element, such as a type of device, such as converting a switch or fuse, which circuit element three electrode discharge device so may be for the purpose of permitting that it operates as a two electrode the selective use of the electrodes of device. the device, see especially indented 121, for spark plugs having reversible parts subclass 65 for lamps and discharge so that a new part can be substituted devices which include a plurality of for a worn part by reversing a part filaments, one of which is maintained (e.g., as the core and center electrode). in nonoperated condition while 128, for spark plugs having a plurality of another is in operative condition and center electrodes so that one may be which have means for automatically used when the other is worn. substituting the nonoperating filament 140, for spark plugs having a plurality of for the operating filament when either electrodes or an electrode with plural the operating filament fails or when joints cooperating with another elec- the conditions of the supply circuit trode so that as one electrode wears change so that it is desirable that the and the spark gap becomes too wide nonoperating filament be substituted the spark will form between another for the operating filament. Subclasses electrode or electrode point (e.g., mul- 88+, for systems for supplying electri- tigap spark plugs). cal energy to lamps and discharge 237, for devices under the class definition devices which are provided with which are provided with means for means for automatically substituting replacing an electrode which is defec- another electrode in the lamp or dis- tive or which are provided with an charge device for an electrode which envelope and parts that are made so has failed or which is provided with that the device can be readily disas- means for substituting another lamp sembled to repair a defective portion or discharge device for a lamp or dis- of the device. charge device which has failed. 306+, and the subclasses specified in the notes to the definition of those sub- 237 WITH ELECTRODE REPLACEMENT classes for discharge devices with MEANS OR DEMOUNTABLE: three or more electrodes. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 316, and the subclasses specified in the tion. Devices which are provided with an notes to the definition of those sub- envelope and which have means for replacing a classes for lamps having a plurality of defective electrode, or which the envelope and filaments or glowers. parts of the device made so the device can be readily disassembled to repair or replace a part of the device.

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314, for devices under the class definition (1) Note. Included in this subclass are which are especially designed to be devices provided with glass or other nonrepairable. envelopes which are made so that the envelope can be readily opened or an SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: opening made therein so that a new elec- 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ for trode can be inserted in the device. Also envelopes, per se, for lamps and dis- included are devices which have an elec- charge devices. trode in the envelope not mounted on its 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge supports or in position for use and which Devices: Consumable Electrodes, include means so that the electrode can subclasses 1+ for discharge devices of be brought into position on the supports the consumable electrode type (e.g., to replace a defective electrode. The arc lamps and similar devices pro- defective electrode is usually removed vided with means for feeding the elec- from contact with its lead wires or sup- trodes together) which have means for porting means and a new electrode sub- replacing and electrode with another stituted for the defective electrode, the when the first electrode is consumed defective electrode being stored within or fails to operate properly. the device or entirely removed from the 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge device. Where the device has a plurality Component or Device Manufacturing, of electrodes which are provided with subclass 2 for methods for repairing individual lead wires or supporting electric lamps and discharge devices means, one electrode remaining inactive and subclass 61 for the corresponding while another is active, means being pro- apparatus. vided to change the connections to the terminals of the electrodes so that the 238 WITH SUPPORT AND/OR SPACING inactive electrode may be used if it is so STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRODE AND/ desired, see subclass 236 of this class. OR SHIELD: This subclass is indented under the class defini- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion. Devices having means for supporting an CLASS: electrode or a shielding structure, and/or pro- 118+, for spark plugs which are demount- vided with means to space an electrode, or a able see subclass 119 where the spark shield, or a support for an electrode or shield plug is provided with sealing off with respect to another part of the device. means so that a part (e.g., the core) can be removed and repaired without (1) Note. This and the indented subclasses stopping the ending, subclass 121 provide only for patents which claim sig- where the repair is made by reversing nificant supporting and/or spacing struc- the position of a part (e.g., of the insu- ture for the electrode or shield. Where lator), subclass 122 where the spark the claim broadly recites supporting and/ plug has a removable electrode on the or spacing means for the electrode and shell, and subclasses 144+ for spark shield and no structure of the supporting plugs with particular joint structure and/or spacing means is included in the permitting disassembly of the plug. claim, the patent is excluded from this 236, where the device includes a plurality and the indented subclasses and will be of electrodes and which are provided found in one of the other appropriate with means so that one electrode can subclasses of this class. Where the be used to the exclusion of another patent for the device discloses or claims until the first electrode fails and has structure in addition to the supporting means for substituting the second and/or spacing structure for an electrode electrode therefor. See (1) Note or a shield, the patent is classified in this above. or one of the indented subclasses, and is cross-referenced for the additional structure to the other subclasses below these

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subclasses. This and the indented sub- under the class definition which have classes also include cross-references of an electrode or shield movably lamps and discharge devices which dis- mounted upon its support. close specific supporting and/or spacing 237, for devices under the class definition structure for an electrode or shield which which have an electrode and a spare are classified in the preceding sub- electrode, the supporting means for classes. the electrode being designed so that the first electrode may be removed (2) Note. A spacer is a means, such as a rod, from its support when it fails to oper- bar, or plate, provided to maintain an ate properly and the second electrode electrode or shield or a supporting mem- substituted therefor. ber in spaced relation with respect to another part of the device, and is usually SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: in addition to the means for supporting 248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for the electrode or shield with respect to the miscellaneous supports for articles. supporting base or envelope of the 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge device. Members interposed between Devices: Consumable Electrodes, two different electrodes or electrode sup- appropriate subclasses for discharge ports are considered spacing members. devices of the consumable electrode Members interposed between an elec- type (e.g., arc lamps and similar trode and the envelope of the device devices which are provided with which are not intended to support the means for feeding the electrodes mass of the electrode with respect to the together as they are consumed) which envelope are spacing members. Where have supporting and/or spacing struc- one electrode is mounted upon a second ture for an electrode or shield. electrode, as for example, being wound upon or coiled about the second elec- 239 For shield: trode, the second electrode is a spacing This subclass is indented under subclass 238. member. Spacers are usually mounted Devices having supporting and/or spacing upon, and supported by, an electrode or structure for a shield. electrode support, but a spacer interposed between two electrodes may serve (1) Note. For the definition of shield, see to at least partially support the third elec- the glossary in the class definition. Note trode with respect to a supporting base. that shields do not include shield grid electrodes, see the reference to subclass (3) Note. For the definition of “electrode” 265 below. and “shield”, see the glossary in the class definition. (2) Note. Devices which are provided with an envelope made in whole or part of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- metal or conductive material and which CLASS: include supporting and/or spacing struc- 42, for devices under the class definition ture for an electrode or shield other than which have a heat transfer means the metal or conductive envelope portion (e.g., cooling fins) mounted upon an (such as an electrode or shield within the electrode support or which have an envelope or an electrode or shield exte- electrode support designed to modify rior to the envelope) are classified as fol- the flow of heat along the electrode lows. This subclass includes those support (e.g., to restrict or accelerate devices with a metal or conductive enve- the flow of heat). lope where the the envelope is disclosed 49, for devices under the class definition or claimed as being provided for shield- which are provided with a support for ing purposes and where such envelope is the device. not designed for use as an electrode of 118+, for spark plugs with supporting and the device, such as the anode, and no spacing structure. 146, for devices other shielding structure is claimed.

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Where other shielding structure is claimed, the patent is classified in the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: appropriate indented subclass. Where 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3, see (2) the metal or conductive envelope is Note, above. designed for use as an electrode, the patent is classified in either subclasses 240 Shield supported by electrode, electrode 246+ where the supporting and/or spac- support, or spacer: ing structure for a plurality of electrodes This subclass is indented under subclass 239. is claimed or in subclass 317 where no Devices having the shield supported by an other supporting or spacing structure is electrode, an electrode support, or an electrode claimed. Where the metal or conductive spacing member. envelope is not claimed not disclosed as either a shield or as an electrode, but one SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or more electrodes are supported by the CLASS: conductive envelope portion, the patent 11+, for devices under the subclass defini- is classified in subclass 248 where the tion which have a heat transfer means supporting and/or spacing structure for a or a heat shielding means mounted plurality of electrodes is claimed and in upon an electrode, electrode support subclass 281 or 282 where the support- or electrode spacing member. See ing and/or spacing structure for only a subclasses 37+ for devices with fila- single electrode is claimed. Envelopes, ments or cathodes which are provided per se, having at least a portion of the with heat shields, subclasses 39+ envelope formed of metal or conductive where the heat transfer means or heat material are in Class 220, subclass 2.3, shield is for an electrode within the or in one of the classes specified in the envelope, usually being supported on notes to the definition of that subclass. or forming part of the electrode, and subclass 42 where the heat is mounted SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- upon an electrode support. CLASS: 11+, for devices under the subclass which 241 Extending across ends of plural discharge are provided with means for support- device electrodes: ing and/or spacing a heat transfer This subclass is indented under subclass 240. device (e.g., radiating fins), or which Discharge devices having a plurality of elec- are provided with means for support- trodes mounted in side by side, concentric or ing and/or spacing a heat shielding co-axial relation, one end of the electrodes means. See especially subclasses 37+ being positioned in substantially co-planar where the device is provided with a relation, and the shield being supported so that heat shield for a cathode or filament, it extends across the ends of the electrodes. and subclass 47 for devices with miscellaneous heat shields. 242 Shield supported by or forming part of 265, for discharge devices under subclass envelope stem: 238 which have means for supporting This subclass is indented under subclass 239. a grid electrode or other apertured Devices in which the device is enclosed within electrode between two other elec- an envelope which is provided with a stem, the trodes (e.g., which have means for shield being either supported by the stem or the supporting a shield grid) but which do stem being formed so as to constitute a shield. not have any means for supporting or spacing a shield. (1) Note. A stem is the portion of the enve- 246+, see (2) Note, above. lope which is usually used for supporting 248, see (2) Note, above. the support wires for the electrodes and 281, see (2) Note, above. for sealing in the lead-in wires for the 282, see (2) Note, above. electrodes. 317, see (2) Note, above.

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other support members which are sup- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ported by the enclosing envelope. CLASS: 43, for devices under the class definition SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- which are provided with a heat trans- CLASS: fer device or a heat shield for protect- 239+, where the discharge device also ing the lead-in-seal or the stem of the includes supporting and/or spacing envelope. structure for a shield. 219, for discharge devices which have an 283, and the subclasses specified in the envelope containing an atmosphere of notes thereto for other devices under gas or vapor, the discharge device the class definition which include an including a shield which is supported envelope and an electrode, the elec- by the stem or which is a part of the trode being supported by the enve- stem for shielding the electrode sup- lope. port or lead-in wire. 317+, for devices under the class definition 245 Plural discharge spaces formed by three or which have an enclosing envelope. more electrodes: This subclass is indented under subclass 244. 243 For plural electrodes of discharge device: Discharge devices having means for supporting This subclass is indented under subclass 238. and/or spacing three or more electrodes which Discharge devices having means for supporting are arranged to form a plurality of separate dis- a plurality of electrodes of the discharge device charge spaces. or having means for spacing a plurality of electrodes of the discharge device either from each (1) Note. Included in this subclass are dis- other or with respect to another part of the discharge devices having a plurality of charge device. anodes and a cathode, or a plurality of cathodes and an anode. Also included (1) Note. This subclass and subclasses 267 are cross-references of discharge devices and 268 provide for the discharge of the plural unit type (e.g., each cathode devices which do not have an envelope having a separate anode) where signifi- and which have supporting and/or spac- cant supporting and/or spacing structure ing structure for a plurality of electrodes. is disclosed. Indented subclass 244 provides for discharge devices which have an envelope (2) Note. This and the indented subclasses and supporting and/or spacing structure do not provide for the supporting and for plural electrodes. spacing structure for discharge devices which are provided only with a cathode, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a second electrode (e.g., anode) with CLASS: which the cathode forms a first discharge 118+, for spark plugs having supporting and space, and a third electrode in the form spacing structure for a plurality of of a grid or foraminous electrode inter- spark electrodes. posed in the discharge space formed by the cathode and second electrode even 244 Envelope supports or forms electrode: though the disclosure and claims of the This subclass is indented under subclass 243. patent state that the third electrode is Discharge devices in which the device is intended to receive electrons emitted by enclosed within an envelope, the electrodes the cathode. The supporting and/or being supported by or forming part of the spacing structure for such discharge enclosing envelope. devices is in subclass 265 and the subclasses specified in the notes to the defi- (1) Note. The electrodes need not be sup- nition of that subclass. ported directly upon the envelope, but may be supported upon support rods or

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class 248. Envelopes, per se, which have SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a conductive wall portion are in sub- CLASS: classes 317+ or in one of the classes 1+, for plural unit discharge devices (i.e., specified in the notes to the definition of discharge devices having a plurality that subclass. of separate cathodes, each cathode having a separate anode). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 239+, for this subject matter where the dis- CLASS: charge device includes a shield 18+, for discharge devices which have an between the separate discharge spaces electrode forming part of the envelope and means for supporting the shield. wall and which have a casing or jacket 265, see (2) note, above. surrounding the electrode, the casing 306+, and the subclasses specified in the or jacket being designed to receive a notes thereto for patents for discharge heat transfer medium (e.g., fluid devices having three or more elec- cooled metal envelope devices). trodes arranged to form a plurality of 239+, see (1) Note above. separate discharge spaces where no 248, see (1) Note above. significant supporting and/or spacing 281, for devices having an electrode sup- structure for the electrodes is claimed. ported in an aperture in a conductive wall. 246 Electrode forms part of envelope: 282, for devices having an electrode sup- This subclass is indented under subclass 244. ported by supports which form part of Discharge devices having at least one of the or are attached to the conductive wall electrodes forming at least part of the envelope of an envelope. wall. 317+, see (1) Note above.

(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: include patents for discharge devices 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3 see (1) note where the device has at least a portion of above. the envelope formed of metal or conductive material, the metal or conductive 247 Hollow electrode with another electrode portion of the envelope being defined as supported by end structure: an electrode, and where the claims This subclass is indented under subclass 246. include the supporting and/or spacing Discharge devices wherein the electrode which structure for a plurality of electrodes. forms part of the envelope wall is in the form Where only a single electrode which of a hollow body having an open end, the open forms at least part of the envelope wall is end being closed either by means of another claimed, the patent is classified in Class electrode which is electrically insulated from 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3 if only the hollow electrode or by a closure which sup- envelope structure is claimed or in sub- ports another electrode in electrical insulating classes 317+ of class 313 if structure is relation with respect to the hollow electrode. claimed which limits the device to being a discharge device. See the class defini- 248 Conductive envelope supports plural elec- tion. Where the conductive envelope trodes: forms a shield for the enclosed elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 244. trodes, and supporting or spacing struc- Discharge devices which have at least part of ture for the electrodes is claimed the the envelope formed of electrically conductive patent is classified in subclasses 239+. material, a plurality of electrodes or supports (See (2) Note to the definition of sub- for a plurality of electrodes being supported by class 239). Where the conductive enve- the conductive portion of the envelope wall. lope forms neither a shield nor an electrode, but has a plurality of electrodes supported by the conductive wall portion, the patent is classified in sub-

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 250 With spacer between electrodes or electrode CLASS: supports: 239+, where the discharge device is This subclass is indented under subclass 249. enclosed within an envelope which Devices provided with electrode spacing has a conductive wall portion, and the means interposed between different electrodes wall portion is disclosed or claimed as or different electrode supports. being a shield. See note 2 to the definition of subclass 239. (1) Note. For the definition of “spacer”, see 246+, where the conductive wall portion is (2) Note to the definition of subclass claimed or disclosed as being an elec- 238. trode, and supporting and/or spacing structure for a plurality of electrodes SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- is claimed. CLASS: 281, for devices under the class definition 257+, for other discharge devices having a having the conductive envelope por- plurality of electrodes supported upon tion provided with an aperture and an supporting rods, wires or tubes which electrode mounted in or around the are supported by the envelope of the aperture. device, the device being provided 282, for devices under subclass 238 where with spacing means for the electrodes the device is provided with an enve- or electrode supports. lope, the electrode support being 285, for devices within the class definition either formed of or attached to a con- which are provided with an envelope ductive wall portion of the envelope. and which have an electrode supported by means of a plurality of sup- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: port wires, rods, or tubes which are 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3 for enve- supported by the envelope, a spacer lopes, per se, with conductive wall member being provided between the portions. different electrode support wires, rods or tubes. 249 Elongated envelope with electrodes spaced 288, for devices within the class definition along length: which are provided with an envelope This subclass is indented under subclass 244. and which have an electrode sup- Discharge devices where the envelope is elon- ported by means of a supporting wire, gated, the electrodes being mounted in spaced rod, or tube which is supported by the relation along the longitudinal axis of the enve- envelope, a spacer member being pro- lope. vided between the electrode or the electrode support and the envelope SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- wall. CLASS: 245, for discharge devices with supporting 251 Plural electrodes supported along the length and/or spacing structure for three or of a wire, rod, or tube: more electrodes which are arranged to This subclass is indented under subclass 249. form a plurality of separate discharge Discharge devices having a plurality of elec- spaces, a plurality of the electrodes trodes supported by a common support wire, being mounted in spaced relation rod or tube, the electrodes being spaced along along the length of another electrode. the longitudinal axis of the supporting wire, rod or tube. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 331, Oscillators, subclass 98 for oscilla- 252 Support structure supported by the enve- tors utilizing disk seal tubes (e.g., lope: lighthouse, pencil tube) enclosed by This subclass is indented under subclass 244. distributed parameter resonators. Discharge devices having electrodes which are supported by supporting structure, such as

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wires, rods, or tubes, the supporting structure by a part of the envelope wall which is oppo- being supported by the envelope. site to or spaced at a distance from the part of the envelope wall which supports either a dif- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ferent portion of the same support wire, rod or CLASS: tube or another supporting wire, rod or tube. 11+, for devices under the class definition which are provided with an envelope (1) Note. This and the indented subclasses and which have a heat transfer device do not include discharge devices where (e.g., radiating fins, etc.) or means to all the supporting rods, wires or tubes are modify the temperature of the device sealed into a common stem or press of (e.g., heat conserving means) the envelope even though the support mounted upon the electrode or elec- wires, rods or tubes are widely spaced trode support. See subclass 37 where from each other. the filament or cathode is provided with such means, subclass 39 where (2) Note. One of the common type struc- the heat transfer means or temperature tures found in this and the indented sub- modifying device is for an electrode, classes is the so-called “multiple ended” and subclass 42 where such means are discharge devices, that is discharge mounted upon an electrode support. devices having a stem or press at each 245, where the discharge device has the end of a substantially tubular envelope, a electrodes arranged to form a plurality support wire, rod, or tube being sup- of separate discharge spaces (e.g., has ported by each of the stems or presses. plural cathodes and/or anodes). 246+, where at least one of the electrodes (3) Note. The support wires, rods or tubes forms at least part of the envelope which are supported by the opposed wall. parts of the envelope may support the 248, in which the envelope is formed of same electrode or different electrodes. conductive material the electrode supports being supported by the conduc- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tive envelope wall. CLASS: 249+, where the envelope is elongated and 247, where the envelope wall includes a the electrodes are mounted in spaced hollow conductive part which is relation along the longitudinal axis of designed for use as an electrode, other the envelope. electrodes being supported within the 284+, and the subclasses specified in the envelope by means of one or more notes thereto for devices within the support wires, rods or tubes which are class definition which have an enve- supported by the opposed end clo- lope and an electrode supported by a sures of the hollow electrode. supporting member which is sup- 274, for devices under the class definition ported by the envelope. having a filament enclosed within an envelope, the filament being sup- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ported by supporting means which are 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- supported by opposed or spaced parts tors, subclass 50.54 for miscella- of the envelope. neous hermetically sealed envelopes 286, for devices under the class definition of general application which are lim- having an electrode enclosed within ited to electrical use which include an envelope, the electrode being sup- means to mount an electrical device ported by one or more support rods, within the envelope. wires or tubes which are supported by opposed parts of the envelope wall. 253 At spaced or opposed portions of envelope: This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Discharge devices which have at least one of the supporting wires, rods, or tubes supported

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254 At three or more portions of envelope: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 253. CLASS: Discharge devices wherein electrode support 257+, for discharge devices under subclass wires, rods or tubes are supported by three or 252 which have a spacing structure more opposed or spaced parts of the envelope which includes an insulating or wall. ceramic member between the electrodes or electrode supports, or 255 Same electrode supported by spaced or between one or more electrodes or opposed portions: electrode supports and the envelope This subclass is indented under subclass 253. wall. See subclass 262 where the Discharge devices which have the support spacing structure includes a ceramic wire, rod or tube which supports an electrode (e.g., glass) bead. supported by a plurality of spaced or opposed 289, for devices under the class definition parts of the envelope, or which have an elec- which have and envelope and a sup- trode supported by a plurality of support wires, porting rod or tube which is formed of rods or tubes, different ones of the support insulating or ceramic material for sup- wires, rods or tubes being supported by differ- porting the electrode of the device. ent opposed or spaced parts of the envelope. 257 With spacer between electrode or electrode (1) Note. This subclass provides for the pat- supports: ents for the discharge devices where the This subclass is indented under subclass 252. support structure for a plurality of elec- Discharge devices which have a spacer mem- trodes is claimed, at least one electrode ber interposed between different electrodes or being supported by a support wire, rod or different electrode supports. tube which is supported by opposed or spaced parts of the envelope. Where the (1) Note. For the definition of “spacer” see discharge device has one electrode sup- (2) Note to the definition of subclass ported by support wires, rods or tubes 238. which are supported by only one portion of the envelope, and another electrode SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- supported by support wires, rods or tubes CLASS: which are supported only by an opposed 241, where the discharge device has a or spaced part of the envelope, the patent spacer member and a shielding mem- will be classified in subclass 253 or sub- ber extending across the ends of a plu- class 254. rality of electrodes. 250, where the discharge device has an SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- elongated envelope and the electrodes CLASS: are supported along the longitudinal 247, where the envelope wall includes a axis of the envelope, a spacer member hollow conductive part which is being interposed between different designed for use as an electrode, electrodes or different electrode sup- another electrode being supported by ports. means of one or more support wires, 255, where the discharge device is a double rods or tubes which are supported by ended device, that is it has an elec- the opposed end closures of the hol- trode supported by support wires, rods low electrode. or tubes which are supported at both of two opposed or spaced parts of the 256 Insulating or ceramic support rod or tube: envelope. This subclass is indented under subclass 252. 268, for discharge devices which are not Discharge devices where the supporting struc- enclosed within an envelope which ture is a rod or tube made of insulating or have a spacer member interposed ceramic material. between the electrodes.

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285+, for devices under the class definition supporting electrode or electrode sup- which have an electrode supported by port. means of a plurality of support wires, rods or tubes within an envelope, a (2) Note. This subclass includes devices spacer member being interposed where the spacer member is formed of between at least two of the support conductive material provided with an wires, rods or tubes or between the insulating coating so that the electrodes electrode or the electrode support and will be spaced and insulated from each the envelope. See subclass 288 where other. the spacer is between the envelope and the electrode or support. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 292, for miscellaneous supporting and CLASS: spacing elements, per se. 355, for the structure of electrodes which have a coating thereon. 258 Spacer between envelope and support or electrode: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 257. 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- Discharge devices having a spacer member cles, appropriate subclasses for a interposed between the envelope of the dis- stock material product (in the form of charge device and an electrode or an electrode a single or plural layer web, sheet, support. rod, fiber or filament), and especially subclasses 375+ for electrodes for (1) Note. The spacer member which lamps and discharge devices which engages the envelope may be the same involve no more than a base with a spacer member which it interposed coating thereon. between the different electrodes or electrode supports, or it may be a spacer 260 Plate or bar extending across ends of elec- member in addition to the inter-electrode trodes: or inter-electrode support spacer. This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Discharge devices having the electrodes SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- mounted in side by side, concentric or co-axial CLASS: relation, one end of the electrodes being posi- 288, for devices under the class definition tioned in substantially co-planar relation, an which have an envelope and an elec- electrode spacer having the form of a plate or trode within the envelope supported bar mounted in contact with the electrodes or by a wire, rod or tube which is sup- electrode supports to maintain the electrodes in ported by the envelope, a spacer spaced relation with each other, the plate or bar member being interposed between the extending across the ends of the electrodes. envelope and the electrode or electrode support. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 259 Insulating coating forms spacer: 241, where the discharge device is also This subclass is indented under subclass 257. provided with a shield member which Discharge devices in which the spacing mem- extends across the ends of the elec- ber is formed by an insulating coating. trodes. 255, where the electrode supports are sup- (1) Note. In some of the discharge devices ported by both of two opposed or in this subclass, an electrode or electrode spaced parts of the envelope (e.g., support is coated with an insulating coat- double ended discharge devices). ing, and another electrode is wound upon or coiled about the electrode or electrode 261 Plates or bars at opposed ends of electrodes: support, the insulating coating spacing This subclass is indented under subclass 260. and insulating the electrode from the Discharge devices having a plate or bar electrode spacer which extends across the ends of

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the electrodes at each of the opposite ends of the electrodes. 264 With U-shaped, V-shaped, or plural sections filament: 262 Ceramic bead for joining parts: This subclass is indented under subclass 252. This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Discharge devices having supporting means for Discharge devices having a plurality of the a U-shaped, V-shaped or plural section fila- wires, rods or tubes which support the elec- ment. trodes from the envelope wall joined to an insulating or ceramic bead, or which have a (1) Note. W-shaped filaments are included plurality of wires or rods attached to different as V-shaped filaments. electrodes and joined to an insulating or ceramic bead so that the wires or rods and the (2) Note. A plural section filament is a fila- bead serve to maintain one electrode in spaced ment which is composed of a plurality of relation to another. filament wires connected to common leading-in wires. The plurality of fila- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ments may be connected to the leading- CLASS: in wires so that the filament sections are 256, for discharge devices under subclass electrically connected in parallel, or a fil- 252, which have an insulating or ament section may be connected to a ceramic supporting rod or tube which leading-in wire and a conductive sup- supports the electrodes and is support, another filament section being con- ported by the envelope, a plurality of nected to the same conductive support electrodes having wires or rods and another leading-in wire so that the attached to them, the wires or rods filament sections are electrically con- being joined to the insulating or nected in series. ceramic support rod so as to space one electrode from another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 263 With indirectly heated cathode: 260+, where the discharge device has a plu- This subclass is indented under subclass 252. rality of electrodes including a Discharge devices having supporting means for U-shaped, V-shaped or plural section an indirectly heated cathode. filament mounted in side by side, coaxial or concentric relation, one end SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of the electrodes being positioned in CLASS: substantially co-planar relation, a 260+, where the discharge device has a plu- plate or bar electrode spacer extend- rality of electrodes including an indi- ing across the ends of the electrodes. rectly heated cathode mounted in side See subclass 261 where the device has by side, co-axial, or concentric rela- a plate or bar electrode spacer at each tion, one end of the electrodes being end of the electrode assembly. positioned in substantially coplanar 271+, for other devices under the class defi- relation, a plate or bar electrode nition which have supporting struc- spacer extending across the ends of ture for filaments. the electrodes. See subclass 261 where the discharge device has a plate 265 Apertured electrode (e.g., grid) supported or bar electrode spacer at each end of between two other electrodes: the electrode assembly. This subclass is indented under subclass 252. 270, for other supporting structure for indi- Miscellaneous discharge devices having a rectly heated cathodes. foraminous or grid electrode supported between two other electrodes.

(1) Note. As this is the miscellaneous subclass under subclass 252 where the discharge device is provided with a grid or

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apertured electrode, cross-references of 293+, for patents for discharge devices disclosures classified either as original within the class definition which have copies or cross-reference copies in sub- a foraminous or grid electrode inter- class 253 to 264 are not placed in this posed between two other electrodes subclass. and where no significant supporting and/or spacing structure for the elec- (2) Note. In some of the devices in this sub- trodes is claimed. class the foraminous or grid electrode is 348+, for the structure of foraminous or grid intended to be used to control the dis- electrodes, per se. charge between the anode and cathode of the discharge device. In other of the 266 Stem or envelope structure: devices, the interposed foraminous or This subclass is indented under subclass 252. grid-like electrode is intended to be used Devices which have the structure of the enve- as an anode in the discharge device. lope part or the envelope stem or press which supports the electrode supporting wire, rod or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tube modified. CLASS: 241, where the discharge device is pro- (1) Note. This subclass includes patents vided with a plurality of discharge where significant structure of the enve- electrodes which are mounted in side lope part, stem or press which supports by side, coaxial or concentric relation, the electrode supporting wire, rod or an end of the electrodes being located tube is claimed. in substantially coplanar relation, a shield electrode extending across the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ends of the electrodes. CLASS: 245, where the discharge device includes 242, where the discharge device has a four or more electrodes which are shield supported by or forming part of arranged to form at least two different the envelope stem. discharge spaces, one of the discharge 246+, for discharge devices under subclass spaces having a foraminous or grid 243 which have at least a portion of electrode mounted therein. the envelope wall formed of metal or 247, for this subject matter where the enve- conductive material, the metallic or lope of the discharge device is formed conductive portion being designed for of metal or conductive material, the use as an electrode, means being pro- hollow metal or conductive portion of vided to support an electrode within the envelope being designed for use as the discharge device. an electrode of the discharge device, 248, for discharge devices under subclass and having a foraminous or grid elec- 243 which have have at least a part of trode supported by the end closure of the envelope wall formed of metal or the hollow metal or conductive enve- conductive material, a plurality of lope portion. electrodes being supported by the 248, where the envelope of the discharge metallic or conductive wall of the device is made of metal or conductive envelope. material, and a plurality of electrodes, 271, for devices under subclass 238 where including a foraminous or grid elec- the device has an envelope and a fila- trode, are supported by the metallic or ment supported within the envelope, conductive envelope wall. the structure of the envelope part or 249, for this subject matter where the dis- the envelope stem or press which sup- charge device envelope is elongated, ports the electrode supporting struc- and a plurality of electrodes, includ- ture being modified. ing a foraminous or grid electrode, are 290, for miscellaneous devices under sub- supported in spaced relation along the class 238 where the device has an longitudinal axis of the envelope. envelope and an electrode supported 253, through 264, see (1) Note, above. within the envelope, the structure of

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the envelope part or the envelope stem or press which supports the electrode 268 Insulating spacer between discharge elec- supporting structure being modified. trodes: 317+, and the classes and subclasses speci- This subclass is indented under subclass 243. fied in the notes to the definition of Miscellaneous discharge devices which have those subclasses for the structure of an insulating spacer member interposed envelopes for discharge devices and between two of the discharge electrodes. electric lamps. 626, for gas or vapor type discharge (1) Note. For the definition of “spacer”, see devices which have a shield (where (2) Note to the definition of subclass may be a part of the envelope wall, 238. stem or press) for an electrode support. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 267 Plural rod electrodes: 246, for discharge devices which have a This subclass is indented under subclass 243. tubular envelope portion of insulating Discharge devices having means for supporting material, the ends of the tubular mem- and/or spacing a plurality of rod-like elec- ber having closures of conductive trodes. material which are designed for use as electrodes of the discharge device, the (1) Note. This subclass includes arc lamps electrodes and the insulating tubular and similar discharge devices which are portion forming the envelope of the provided with a plurality of rod-like discharge device. electrodes and which are usually 257+, and the subclasses specified in the intended to have the arc or other dis- notes to the definition of those sub- charge maintained between the ends of classes for discharge devices which the electrodes. are provided with an envelope and which have an insulating spacer inter- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- posed between two discharge elec- CLASS: trodes or their supports, the electrodes 238, for patents claiming the structure for being supported by support wires, supporting only a single rod electrode rods or tubes within the envelope. of a discharge device. 325, for patents claiming electric discharge 269 With vibration damping device: devices having rod-like electrodes This subclass is indented under subclass 238. where no significant supporting and/ Devices which have in addition to the support- or spacing structure is claimed. ing and/or spacing structure for the electrodes, 357, and the subclasses specified in the means to damp mechanical vibrations of an notes to the definition of that subclass electrode or an electrode support. for the structure of rod electrodes, per se. (1) Note. The means provided is sometimes a weight mounted upon the electrode or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: electrode support so as to give the elec- 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge trode a greater mass so that the vibra- Devices: Consumable Electrodes, tions are damped. appropriate subclasses for discharge devices of the consumable electrode (2) Note. Where the vibration damping type (e.g., arc lamps and similar means involves only the structure of the devices having means for feeding the electrode or the electrode supporting electrodes together as they are con- means, such as providing either rigid or sumed) which have supporting and/or resilient supporting means or making the spacing structure for a plurality of electrode or its support of a specific rod-like electrodes. shape, the patent is not classified in this subclass, but will be found in subclass

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238 or one of the other subclasses incandescent lamps. Where only the indented under subclass 238. supporting and spacing structure for an incandescent lamp filament is disclosed SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- and claimed, the patent is classified in CLASS: this or one of the indented subclasses 50, for devices under the class definition and is not cross-referenced into any of which are provided with a detachable the subclasses below this or the indented electric connector (e.g., socket) or subclasses. Where novel structure in support which includes resilient sup- addition to the mere filament supporting porting means for the lamp or dis- and/or spacing structure is disclosed or charge device or which is provided claimed, appropriate cross-references are with vibration damping means. made.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 188, Brakes, for miscellaneous means for CLASS: retarding the motion of moving mech- 244+, for discharge devices under subclass anism by friction, by positive engage- 238 which have an envelope and a ment of elements or by the internal plurality of electrodes, one of which is resistance of a fluid or a field of force. a filament supported within the enve- See especially subclasses 378+ for lope. structures which include a weight 315+, for miscellaneous incandescent designed for attachment to a moving lamps. Patents claiming incandes- member to damp the vibrations of the cent lamps but which do not claim any member. significant supporting and/or spacing 248, Supports, subclasses 560+ for miscel- structure for the lamp filament are laneous resilient supports. classified in subclasses 315+ or in one of the subclasses specified in the notes 270 For indirectly heated cathode: to the definition of that subclass. This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Devices which have supporting and/or spacing SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: structure for an indirectly heated cathode. 248, Supports, subclasses 49+ for miscellaneous pipe or cable supports. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 272 Plural filaments: 263, and the subclasses specified in the This subclass is indented under subclass 271. notes thereto where the device is a Devices having supporting and/or spacing discharge device which has a plurality structure for a plurality of filaments at least two of electrodes including an indirectly of which are separately energizable. heated cathode supported by support structure within an envelope. (1) Note. Where the device has a plurality 310, and the subclasses specified in the of filaments all of which are connected notes to the definition of that subclass to the same lead-in wires so that all of for discharge devices which have an the filaments must be energized together, indirectly heated cathode. the structure is considered to be support- 337+, for the structure of indirectly heated ing and/or spacing structure for a plural cathodes, per se. section filament and classified in subclass 273. 271 For filament: This subclass is indented under subclass 238. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices which have supporting and/or spacing CLASS: structure for a filament. 245, for discharge devices under subclass 238 which have means for supporting (1) Note. Many of the patents in this and the and/or spacing a plurality of elec- indented subclasses are patents for trodes which form a plurality of sepa-

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rate discharge spaces, at least two of which are emissive filaments. 274 Supports supported by opposed parts of 273, see (1) Notes, above. envelope: 306, and the subclasses specified in the This subclass is indented under subclass 271. notes to the definition of that subclass Devices which have the filament within an for discharge devices under the class envelope, the filament being supported within definition which have a plurality of the envelope by means of supports (e.g., sup- emissive filaments and which do not port wires, rods, or tubes), at least one of the include any significant supporting supports being supported by a part of the enve- and/or spacing structure for the elec- lope wall which is opposed to or spaced at a trodes. distance from the part of the envelope wall 316, for incandescent lamps which have a which supports either a different portion of the plurality of separately energized fila- same support or another support. ments which do not involve any significant supporting and/or spacing (1) Note. This and the indented subclass structure for the filaments. does not include devices where all the supporting and/or spacing means are 273 Plural section filament: sealed into a common stem or press of This subclass is indented under subclass 271. the envelope even though the supporting Devices having supporting and/or spacing and/or spacing means are widely spaced structure for a plural section filament. from each other.

(1) Note. A plural section filament is a fila- (2) Note. Some devices in this subclass ment which is composed of a plurality of have the lead-in wires which pass filament wires connected to common through the envelope wall at the same leading-in wires. The plurality of fila- end of the envelope so that only a single ments may be connected to the leading- base is needed for the device. in wires so that the filament sections are electrically connected in parallel, or a fil- (3) Note. One of the more common struc- ament section may be connected to a tures found in this subclass is the so- leading-in wire and a conductive sup- called “multiple-ended” incandescent port, another filament section being con- lamp, that is, a lamp having a stem or nected to the same conductive support press at each end of a substantially tubu- and another leading-in wire so that the lar envelope, the filament supports being filament sections are electrically con- supported by each of the stems or nected in series. One of the filament sec- presses. tions may have supports which are separate from the supporting structure SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- for another filament section, the fila- CLASS: ments being electrically connected by 253+, for discharge devices having an enve- leading-in wires which may or may not lope and support structure for a plural- also be supports for the filament sec- ity of electrodes. The support tions. structure being supported by opposed or spaced portions of the envelope. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- See subclass 255 where the same elec- CLASS: trode is supported by supports which 264, for discharge devices under subclass are supported at spaced or opposed 238 having an envelope and a plural- portions of the envelope. ity of electrodes including a plural 286, for other devices under subclass 238 section filament supported within the which have an envelope and an elec- envelope. trode therein, the electrode being sup- 272, for devices under subclass 271 for ported by means of supports (e.g., supporting a plurality of separately wires, rods or tubes) which are sup- energizable filaments.

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ported by opposed or spaced parts of the envelope wall. 276 Conductive member supports insulator: 288, and the subclasses specified in the This subclass is indented under subclass 275. notes to the definition of this subclass Devices which have the insulating member for other devices under subclass 238 which supports the filament supported by an which have an envelope and an elec- electrically conductive supporting member trode therein, a spacer member being (e.g., wire, rod or tube.) positioned between the envelope wall and the electrode or an electrode sup- (1) Note. The conductive wire, rod or tube port. may be used as one of the lead-in wires for conducting electrical current to the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: filament. 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- tors, subclass 99 for conduits for elec- (2) Note. Among the structures found in trical conductors which have interior this are devices having an insulating supports for supporting one or more plate or bar supported by a conductive electric conductors therein. wire or rod, a filament being supported by the insulator. Sometimes, the fila- 275 Insulator supports filament: ment is V-shaped or W-shaped, and the This subclass is indented under subclass 271. insulating rod is provided with means to Devices in which the supporting structure for engage and support the filament at a plu- the filament includes an electrically insulating rality of points. member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. Including in this subclass are sup- CLASS: porting structures such as glass or 257, for discharge devices under subclass ceramic rods having metal hooks or 238 which have an envelope and a anchors attached to it for supporting the plurality of electrodes supported by filament. Also included are supporting conductive supports within the enve- structures wherein, a glass bead is lope an insulating spacer member mounted upon a metal supporting rod, being interposed between a plurality the glass bead having means for support- of the electrodes or electrode sup- ing the filament. ports, a filament being supported by the insulating spacer member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 264, for discharge devices under subclass CLASS: 238 which have an envelope and a 257, for discharge devices under subclass plurality of electrodes therein, the 238 which have an envelope and a supporting structure for the electrodes plurality of electrodes supported by including means to support a supports, within the envelope, an U-shaped, V-shaped or W-shaped fila- insulating spacer member being inter- ment. posed between a plurality of the elec- 285, for devices under subclass 238 which trodes or electrode supports, a are provided with an envelope and an filament being supported by the insu- electrode other than a filament, lating spacer member. therein, the electrode being supported 289, for other devices under subclass 238 by an intermediate supporting mem- which have an envelope and an elec- ber, such as an insulating plate, rod, or trode other than a filament supported bead, the intermediate member being by means of an insulating or ceramic supported by a conductive support. support rod or tube within the envelope.

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the tension means being supported by 277 Insulating standard supports filament the spacing member. brackets or anchors: 284+, for devices under subclass 238 which This subclass is indented under subclass 275. include an envelope and an electrode Devices having an insulating standard or rod supported by supporting means which supports filament anchors or brackets, therein, the supporting means being the filament anchors or brackets engaging and resilient or flexible. supporting the filament. 279 Support intermediate of filament ends: (1) Note. The devices in this and the This subclass is indented under subclass 271. indented subclass include incandescent Devices which have supporting means which lamps which are provided with an enve- engage and support the filament intermediate lope have a stem, a glass or ceramic rod the ends of the filament. or standard being supported by the stem, the rod or standard usually being fused SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- to or being integral with the stem, fila- CLASS: ment supporting brackets or anchors 273, where the device includes means for being attached to the rod or standard, supporting a plural section filament, usually by fusing the brackets or anchors that is, a filament which is composed to the rod or standard, the filament being of a plurality of separate sections of supported by the supporting brackets. filament wire. 274, where the device includes an enve- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- lope, and the filament supports are CLASS: supported by opposed or spaced parts 289, and the subclasses specified in the of the envelope wall. notes to the definition of that subclass 276, where the device has the filament sup- for other devices under subclass 238 ported by an electrical insulating which have an envelope and an elec- member, the insulating member being trode other than a filament supported supported by an electrically conduc- by an insulating or ceramic support tive wire, rod or tube. rod therein. 277, for this subject matter where the device is provided with an insulating SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: standard or rod having a plurality of 248, Supports, subclasses 65+ for brackets filament anchors or brackets sup- for supporting pipe or cables, sub- ported by the rod or standard, so that classes 300+ for brackets formed of the filament is supported at one or sheet material, and subclasses 302+ more intermediate points. for brackets formed of wire. 278, for this subject matter where the support which engages the intermediate 278 Tension device for filament: portion of the filament includes means This subclass is indented under subclass 271. for maintaining the filament under a Devices which include means to apply a ten- tension force. sion force to the filament. 281 Support mounted in or around aperture in SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- conductive wall or plate: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 238. 257, for discharge devices which are pro- Devices which have the support for the elec- vided with an envelope and a plurality trode mounted in or around an aperture in a of electrodes supported by supports conductive wall or plate. therein, a spacer member being interposed between the electrodes or the (1) Note. In some of the devices in this sub- electrode supports, a filament being class, the support for the electrode or the supported by tension applying means, electrode is intended to pass through the conductive wall or plate. In other

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devices, the electrode supporting means 246+, where the devices is a discharge surrounds an aperture in the conductive device and the conductive envelope wall or plate and the electrode is located wall portion is disclosed or claimed as in the same side of the wall or plate as being an electrode of the device, the the supporting means, the aperture being supporting and/or spacing structure provided so that the electrode may coop- for a plurality of electrodes which are erate through the aperture with other supported by the conductive wall por- means located upon the opposite side of tion being claimed. the wall or plate. 248, where the devices is a discharge device having a conductive envelope (2) Note. Neither the electrode nor its sup- wall portion which is not disclosed or porting means need necessarily be insu- claimed as being either a shield or an lated from the conductive wall or plate. electrode and the supporting and/or spacing structure for a plurality of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electrodes which are supported by the CLASS: conductive wall portion is claimed. 282, and the subclasses specified in the 281, where the device has a conductive notes to the definition of that subclass envelope portion which is provided for devices under subclass 238 which with an aperture an electrode being have an envelope which has a portion mounted in or around the aperture. of the wall made of metal or conductive material and an electrode, the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: electrode being supported by the con- 220, Receptacles, subclass 2.3 for enve- ductive wall portion or being sup- lopes, per se, which have conductive ported by means of a support which is wall portions. supported by the conductive wall portion. 283 Electrode supported by envelope: This subclass is indented under subclass 238. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Devices which have an envelope, the electrode 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- being supported by the envelope. tors, subclasses 151+ for devices for insulating a conductor from a wall or (1) Note. The electrode need not be sup- plate through which the conductor ported directly upon the envelope, but extends. may be supported upon support rods or other support members which are sup- 282 Conductive envelope supports electrode: ported by the enclosing envelope. This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Devices which have an envelope and an elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trode, at least part of the envelope formed of CLASS: electrically conductive material, either the 239+, for devices under subclass 238 which electrode being supported by the conductive have an envelope and a shield portion of the envelope wall or having the elec- enclosed by the envelope, the shield trode supported by supporting means which is being supported by the envelope. supported by the conductive portion of the 244+, for this subject matter where the envelope wall. device is a discharge device and a plurality of electrodes are supported by SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the envelope. CLASS: 269, for this subject matter where the 239+, where the device is enclosed within an device includes a vibration damping envelope which has an electrically means for damping vibrations of the conducting envelope wall portion, the electrode or electrode support. wall portion being disclosed or 270, for this subject matter where the elec- claimed as being a shield. trode is an indirectly heated cathode.

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271, for this subject matter where the elec- 271+, and the subclasses specified in the trode is a filament. notes thereto where the electrode 281, where the envelope has a conductive which is supported is a filament. wall portion with an aperture in it, the 282, where the envelope is provided with a electrode support being mounted in or metallic or conductive part, the sup- around the aperture. port wire, rod or tube being supported 282, where the envelope is provided with a by the metallic or conductive part of conductive wall portion, this electrode the envelope. being supported by the conductive wall portion. 286 At spaced or opposed portions of envelope: This subclass is indented under subclass 285. 284 Electrode supporting member supported by Devices which have (1) the electrode supported envelope: by a plurality of support wires, rods or tubes at This subclass is indented under subclass 283. least one of the support wires, rods, or tubes Devices which have the electrode supported by being supported by a part of the envelope wall a supporting member which is supported by the which is opposite to or spaced at a distance envelope. from the part of the envelope wall which supports another of the supporting wires, rods or (1) Note. In the devices of this and the tubes, or (2) which have at least one of the sup- indented subclasses, the electrode is supporting wires, rods or tubes for the electrode ported within the envelope by means of supported by a part of the envelope wall which supporting member, the supporting is opposite to or spaced at a distance from the member being attached to and supported part of the envelope wall which supports a dif- by the envelope. ferent portion of the support wire, rod or tube.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. This subclass does not include 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- devices where all the support rods, wires tors, subclass 50.54 for miscella- or tubes are sealed into a common stem neous hermetically sealed envelopes or press of the envelope even though the of general application which are lim- support wires, rods or tubes are widely ited to electrical use which include spaced from each other. means to mount an electrical device within the envelope. (2) Note. One of the common types of structures found in this and the indented 285 Supporting wire, rod, or tube supported by subclasses is the so-called “multiple envelope: ended” devices, that is devices having a This subclass is indented under subclass 284. stem or press at each end of a substan- Devices having the electrode supported by a tially tubular envelope, an electrode sup- supporting wire, rod, or tube, which is support wire, rod, or tube being supported ported by the envelope. by each of the stems or presses.

(1) Note. The supporting wire, rod or tube SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- is sometimes sealed into the stem or CLASS: press of the envelope and is usually used 255, where the device is a discharge device as the lead-in wire for the electrode. having a plurality of electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being sup- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ported by support wires, rods or tubes CLASS: which are supported by spaced or 252+, and the subclasses specified in the opposed parts of the envelope wall. notes thereto where the device is a 274, where the electrode supported by the discharge device having a plurality of support wires, rods or tubes is a fila- electrodes supported by the envelope. ment. 318.01+,for a device within the class definition which is provided with an envelope,

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the device having at least a base and supports the electrode supporting wire, rod or an electrical connector attached to tube modified. spaced or opposed parts of the envelope. (1) Note. This subclass includes patents 318.12, for a device within the class definition where significant structure of the enve- having an envelope and an electrical lope part, stem or press which supports connector attached to spaced or the electrode supporting wire, rod or opposed parts of the envelope tube is claimed.

287 Support collar surrounding envelope stem: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 285. CLASS: Devices in which the envelope has a stem or 266, where the device is a discharge device press, the support wire, rod or tube being having a plurality of electrodes sup- attached to and supported by a ring shaped ported by supporting wires, rods or clamping member or collar, the ring shaped tubes. member or collar being fastened about the stem 271, where the electrode supported by the or press. support wires, rods or tubes is a filament. 288 Spacer between envelope and support or 281, where the envelope includes a con- electrode: ductive wall portion having an aper- This subclass is indented under subclass 285. ture, the support being mounted in or Devices having a spacer member interposed around the aperture in the conductive between the envelope of the discharge device wall portion. and an electrode or electrode support. 282, where the envelope is provided with a metallic or conductive wall portion, (1) Note. For the definition of spacer, see the electrode support being attached (2) note to the definition of subclass 238. to the conductive wall portion. 317+, and the classes specified in the notes SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- to the definition of those subclasses CLASS: for the structure of envelopes for 258, where the device is a discharge device lamps and discharge devices. having a plurality of electrodes. 292, for miscellaneous spacing elements, 291 Electrode formed by coating on envelope: per se. This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Devices in which the electrode is a conductive 289 Ceramic or insulating support: coating upon the envelope wall. This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Devices which have the supporting rod or tube SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- formed of insulating or ceramic material. CLASS: 355, and the subclasses specified in the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- notes thereto for miscellaneous coated CLASS: electrodes. 256, for discharge devices which have a 485, for devices under the class definition plurality of electrodes enclosed within which have a fluorescent or phospho- an envelope, an insulating or ceramic rescent material coated upon the enve- electrode supporting rod being sup- lope wall. ported by the envelope. 541+, for photosensitive discharge devices 275+, where the electrode supported is a fil- which have the cathode coated upon ament. the envelope wall.

290 Stem or envelope structure: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 285. 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 105+ Devices which have the structure of the enve- for processes of coating the interior of lope part or the envelope stem or press which hollow electrical articles.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- cles, subclasses 34.1+ for a tube or (3) Note. In some of the devices in this and conduct type of article which may the indented subclasses the foraminous have a coating on the internal wall or grid-like electrode is intended to be thereof. used to control the discharge between the cathode and anode of the discharge 292 Supporting and/or spacing elements: device. In other of the devices, the inter- This subclass is indented under subclass 238. posed foraminous or grid-like electrode Miscellaneous supporting and spacing ele- is intended to be used as an anode in the ments which are not classified in any other discharge device. class and which are designed for use with the devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 5+, where the device includes a plurality 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- of separate discharge devices which tors, subclass 138 for miscellaneous are structurally combined to form a supports and spacing members which single unitary device (e.g., multiple are made of insulating material. unit devices), one or more of the dis- 248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for charge devices having an apertured or miscellaneous supports. grid electrode interposed in the discharge space between two of the elec- 293 DISCHARGING DEVICES WITH APER- trodes. TURED ELECTRODE (E.G., GRID) 146+, where the apertured or grid electrode INTERPOSED BETWEEN TWO ELEC- is mounted so that it is movable. TRODES: 153+, where the discharge device is also This subclass is indented under the class defini- provided with a magnetic device for tion. Discharge devices which are provided influencing the space discharge. with three or more electrodes, at least one of 167, where the discharge device has a liq- the electrodes being an apertured or grid-like uid electrode. electrode, the apertured or grid-like electrode 238+, for patents for discharge devices being interposed between two of the other elec- which include an apertured or grid trodes so that a straight line drawn between the electrode interposed between two two other electrodes will pass through the aper- other electrodes where significant tured or grid-like electrode. supporting and/or spacing structure for the electrodes is claimed. Where (1) Note. The apertured or grid-like elec- the claims include significant support- trode may be formed of open work mate- ing and/or spacing structure for the rial such as wire mesh or perforated electrodes, the patent is classified in sheet material, or may be formed of subclasses 238+ and cross-referenced wires or bars, such as coiled wire or oth- to this or one of the indented sub- erwise provided with one or more open- classes when structure in addition to ings in the wall of the electrode. the supporting and/or spacing structure for the electrodes is claimed or (2) Note. To be classified in this subclass disclosed. See especially indented the claims must state that the grid elec- subclass 265. trode is interposed between two other 308, and the subclasses specified in the electrodes. Where a patent claims only notes to the definition of that subclass that the discharge device includes a cath- for other discharge devices which are ode, an anode, and a grid electrode, the provided with a discharge control patent is excluded from this and the electrode. Also see note 2 above. indented subclasses and will be classi- 325, for discharge devices provided with fied in subclass 308 or one of the sub- an electrode which is formed of non- classes specified in the notes to the foraminous material which is perme- definitions of that subclass. able to electrons.

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326, for electrode structures which have device, and subclasses 56+ for the only a single aperture. miscellaneous discharge devices 348+, for the structure of foraminous and which have an apertured or grid elec- grid-like electrodes, per se. trode interposed in a discharge space 356, for the structure of tubular and other between two other electrodes and hollow sleeve-like electrodes. which have a circuit element structur- 441, and the subclasses specified in the ally combined therewith. notes thereto, for cathode ray devices which have an apertured electrode 294 Non-uniformly spaced from another elec- interposed between the cathode and trode: the target for concentrating, shaping, This subclass is indented under subclass 293. accelerating, or decelerating the cath- Discharge devices which have a foraminous or ode-ray beam. grid-like electrode interposed in the inter-elec- 537, for photosensitive discharge devices trode space and spaced form one of the other which have an apertured or grid elec- electrodes so that different parts of the forami- trode interposed between two other nous or grid-like electrode are at different dis- electrodes. tances from such other electrode. 597+, and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto where the discharge (1) Note. The foraminous or grid electrode device is provided with an envelope may be uniformly spaced from one of containing an atmosphere of gas or the other electrodes, the second of the vapor. other electrodes begin nonuniformly spaced from the foraminous or grid elec- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: trode and from the other electrode. This 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge subclass includes discharge devices Devices: Systems, subclasses 33 where the foraminous or grid electrode is through 63 for discharge devices eccentrically spaced in the space which have a grid or other apertured between the cathode and anode, and dis- electrode interposed in the discharge charge devices where the foraminous or space between two electrodes and grid-like electrode is spaced in parallel which also have a circuit element relationship with the cathode and anode (e.g., inductance switch, resistor) but has a different cross-section configu- structurally combined with the dis- ration from that of the cathode or anode charge device so as to form a unitary (e.g., where the anode is circular and device. See subclass 34 where the concentric with the cathode, the grid discharge device includes an antenna, electrode being oval in cross-section). subclasses 35+ where the structural combination includes a plurality of (2) Note. Some of the devices in this sub- such discharge devices and a circuit class are intended to be used as variable- element, subclass 39 where the dis- mu discharge devices. charge device includes a wave guide, coaxial cable or resonate parallel wire SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- transmission line, subclass 39.63 CLASS: where the discharge device has an 349, for structure of foraminous and grid- electrode formed so as to provide a like electrodes where the electrode structure having distributed induc- wall surface which is provided with tance and capacitance, and operable in the openings does not form a straight a magnetic field (e.g., magnetrons), hollow sleeve and is of a nonstraight subclasses 41+ where the discharge surface configuration with the open- device has an inductive impedance ings in the electrode lying in at least connected between the electrodes, two different planes, and for the struc- 51+, where the discharge device has ture of foraminous and grid-like elec- structurally combined therewith an trodes having the wall surface of the electric generator or piezo-electric electrode which contains the openings

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in the form of a hollow sleeve, the the inter-electrode space defined by other elec- sleeve having a cross-sectional area at trodes. one region of the electrode, which is different from the cross-sectional area 297 Serially arranged: at another region of the electrode, This subclass is indented under subclass 296. such as electrodes which are in the Discharge devices having a plurality of aper- form of a truncated cone, sphere, or tured or grid-like electrodes interposed in which are barrel shaped or hour-glass superimposed relation with respect to each shaped. other in the inter-electrode space so that a straight line drawn between the electrodes 295 Interposed electrode with non-uniform which define the inter-electrode space will pass mesh area (e.g., variable mu): through both of the apertured or grid-like elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 293. trodes. Discharge devices which have a foraminous or grid-like electrode interposed in the inter-elec- (1) Note. This subclass includes, for exam- trode space, the foraminous or grid-like elec- ple, plural grid discharge devices such as trode having the ratio of area of free passage discharge devices provided with a screen through the openings in the electrode to the grid and a control grid, discharge devices obturating area of the electrode in one region with two control grids, discharge devices different from such ratio in another region of with a control grid and a suppressor grid, the electrode. and discharge devices where one of the apertured or grid-like electrodes is (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge intended to be used as a first anode and devices having a foraminous or grid-like another apertured or grid-like electrode electrode interposed between two other is intended to be used as a control grid, electrodes where the foraminous or grid- one of the electrodes defining the inter- like electrode has at least one opening in electrode space being a second anode. the electrode of a different area from the area of another of the openings, or where SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the openings in the electrode are nonuni- CLASS: formly spaced with respect to each other, 295, where one of the grid-like electrodes or where the electrode is formed of a has the ratio of area of free passage wire coil or helix which has a nonuni- through the openings in the electrode form pitch for the turns of the coil or to the obturating area of the electrode helix. different from such ratio in another region of the electrode (e.g., variable- (2) Note. Some of the devices in this sub- mu discharge devices). class are intended to be used as variable- 447, for cathode ray devices which have a mu discharge devices. plurality of apertured or grid-like electrodes interposed between the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cathode and the target. CLASS: 599, where the discharge device is pro- 349, for foraminous and grid-like elec- vided with an envelope containing an trodes which have a ratio of free pas- atmosphere of gas or vapor. sage area to obturating area in one region of the electrode which is differ- 298 Plural interelectrode discharge: ent from such ration in another region This subclass is indented under subclass 297. of the electrode. Discharge devices which are provided with either a plurality of separate cathode or a plu- 296 Plural interposed apertured electrodes: rality of separate nonemissive electrodes (e.g., This subclass is indented under subclass 293. anodes) in addition to the interposed apertured Discharge devices which have a plurality of or grid-like electrodes, so that the discharge apertured or grid-like electrodes interposed in device has at least two separate inter-electrode spaces, at least two apertured or grid-like elec-

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trodes being interposed in one of the inter-electrode spaces in superimposed relation with SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- respect to each other. CLASS: 409+, for plural beam generators which may SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- include control electrons. CLASS: 447+, for control electrodes between the 5+, for plural unit discharge devices cathode and target. which have at least two cathodes and an anode for each of the cathodes, at 300 Three or more serially arranged: least one of the discharge devices hav- This subclass is indented under subclass 297. ing a plurality of serially arranged Discharge devices having three or more aper- apertured or grid-like electrodes inter- tured or grid-like electrodes interposed in posed in the inter-electrode space. superimposed relation with respect to each 301, for other discharge devices which are other in the inter-electrode space. provided with a plurality of inter-electrode spaces, at least two of the inter- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electrode spaces having an apertured CLASS: or grid-like electrode disposed 447, for cathode-ray tubes which have therein, or at least one of the inter- three or more apertured or grid-like electrode spaces having a plurality of electrodes interposed between the apertured or grid-like electrodes in cathode and target. nonsuperimposed relation. 599, where the discharge device has an envelope containing an atmosphere of 299 Aligned apertures (e.g., beam power): gas or vapor This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Discharge devices where the openings in at 301 Plural interelectrode discharge spaces: least two of the apertured or grid-like elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 296. trodes are located in aligned relation upon a Discharge devices which have either a plurality straight line drawn between the electrodes of separate cathodes or a plurality of separate defining the inter-electrode space so that the nonemissive electrodes (e.g., anodes) in addi- effective obstructing area of such two aper- tion to the interposed apertured or grid-like tured or grid-like electrodes to the space dis- electrodes so that the discharge device has at charge is not greater than the effective least two separate inter-electrode spaces. obstructing area of either of the two foraminous or grid-like electrodes. (1) Note. In the discharge devices in this subclass there may be a plurality of aper- (1) Note. This subclass includes only pat- tured or grid-like electrodes in one of the ents as originals which claim the aligned inter-electrode spaces, the apertured or relationship of the openings in the two grid-like electrodes being in nonsuper- apertured or grid-like electrodes. Only imposed relation, or there may be only patents where there is a definite state- one apertured or grid-like electrode in ment in the specification that the open- each of the inter-electrode spaces. ings in the two apertured or grid-like electrodes are aligned along a straight SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- line are cross-referenced into this sub- CLASS: class. 6, for plural unit discharge devices which have at least two cathodes and (2) Note. This subclass includes discharge a separate anode for each cathode devices of the type known as beam there being an apertured or grid-like power tubes. electrode interposed in the discharge space between each anode and cathode. 239+, and 245, for discharge devices which include significant supporting and/or

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spacing structure for a plurality of discharge electrodes which form a plu- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- rality of separate inter-electrode CLASS: discharge spaces. See subclasses 5+, for plural unit discharge devices 239+ where the device includes sup- which have at least two cathodes and porting and/or spacing structure for a an anode for each cathode, one or shield member which is interposed more of the inter-electrode spaces between two of the separate discharge having an apertured or grid-like elec- spaces. trode therein. 245, see the reference to subclass 239 245, for discharge devices which have sig- above. nificant supporting and/or spacing 296, for discharge devices having only one structure for a plurality of electrodes inter-electrode discharge space and which form a plurality of separate dis- which have a plurality of apertured or charge spaces. grid-like electrodes in the inter-elec- 298, where the discharge device has a plu- trode discharge space in nonsuperim- rality of separate discharge spaces posed relation. with a plurality of superimposed aper- 298, where at least one of the inter-elec- tured or grid-like electrodes in at least trode spaces contains a plurality of one inter-electrode space. apertured or grid-like electrodes in 301, where the discharge device has a plu- superimposed relation with respect to rality of inter-electrode spaces with a each other. plurality of apertured or grid-like 302, and 303, for discharge devices having electrodes interposed in the inter-elec- a plurality of inter-electrode spaces, trode space in nonsuperimposed rela- an apertured or grid-like electrode tion. being interposed in only one of the 306+, and the subclasses specified in the inter-electrode spaces. See subclass notes thereto for other discharge 302 where the discharge device has a devices provided with a plurality of plurality of cathodes, and subclass separate cathodes. 303 where the discharge device has a 409+, for cathode ray tubes which have a plurality of nonemissive electrodes plurality of cathodes and an apertured (e.g., anodes). or grid-like electrode interposed in the 597+, where the discharge device has an space between one of the cathodes envelope containing a gas or vapor. and the target. 597+, where the discharge device has an 302 Plural cathodes: envelope containing a gas or vapor. This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Discharge devices which have a plurality of 303 Three or more nonemissive electrodes (e.g., separate cathodes. plural anodes): This subclass is indented under subclass 293. (1) Note. The discharge device may be pro- Discharge devices which have a plurality of vided with a nonemissive electrode (e.g., separate nonemissive electrodes (e.g., anodes) anode) in addition to the apertured or in addition to the interposed apertured or grid- grid-like electrode so that the discharge like electrode. device has a plurality of separate inter- electrode spaces and the apertured or (1) Note. In the discharge devices in this grid-like electrode may be interposed in subclass which have a plurality of both of the inter-electrode spaces or may anodes, the apertured or grid-like elec- be interposed in only one of the inter- trode may be interposed in only one of electrode spaces, or the discharge device the inter-electrode spaces (e.g., the may have only a plurality of separate device having a triode section and a cathodes with the apertured or grid-like diode section) or the apertured or grid- electrode disposed in the space between like electrode may be interposed in a two of the cathodes. plurality of the inter-electrode spaces.

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tubular part of the apertured or grid-like elec- (2) Note. This subclass includes discharge trode completely surrounding a different one of devices which have a cathode, an anode, the parallel sections of the cathode. an apertured or grid-like electrode interposed between the cathode and anode, (1) Note. The tubular apertured or grid-like and an electrode or shield (e.g., shield electrode sometimes has the form of a grid) disposed outside of the inter-elec- figure 8 in cross-section, a cathode sec- trode discharge space (e.g., having a tion being disposed within each loop of shield grid which surrounds a cylindrical the figure 8 with the cathode extending anode). parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular apertured or grid-like electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 5+, for plural unit discharge devices CLASS: which have at least two anodes and a 264, for discharge devices which include cathode for each anode, one or more significant supporting and/or spacing of the inter-electrode spaces having an structure for a plural section filament. apertured or grid-like electrode 302, for discharge devices having a plural- therein. ity of separate cathodes and a forami- 245, for discharge devices which include nous or grid-like electrode interposed significant supporting and/or spacing in the inter-electrode space. structure for a plurality of discharge electrodes which form a plurality of 305 DISCHARGE HEATED ANODE TYPE separate discharge spaces. (E.G., CATHANODE): 298, for this subject matter where the dis- This subclass is indented under the class defini- charge device has a plurality of aper- tion. Discharge devices which have an anode tured or grid-like electrodes or target which is designed to be heated by the interposed between two other elec- electron bombardment form the cathode. trodes in superimposed relation with respect to each other. (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge 301, where the discharge device has a plu- devices of the cathanode type i.e., dis- rality of apertured or grid-like elec- charge devices which have an electrode, trodes, the discharge device having known as the cathanode, which is the either an apertured or grid-like elec- anode with respect to a cathode which trode in each inter-electrode space or bombards it with electrons, the electron a plurality of apertured or grid-like bombardment being designed to heat the electrodes in one discharge space in cathanode to electron emission tempera- nonsuperimposed relation. ture so that another surface of the catha- 302, for discharge devices provided with a node will emit electrons to a third plurality of cathodes and an apertured electrode which serves as the anode for or grid-like electrode interposed in the cathode surface of the cathanode. one of the discharge spaces. 306+, and the subclasses specified in the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- notes thereto for other discharge CLASS: devices provided with a plurality of 8, for discharge devices which are pro- anodes. vided with a separate body which is not intended to be used as an electrode 304 Plural-parallel-section cathode with elec- and which is designed to be heated to trode surrounding each section: incandescence by the space discharge. This subclass is indented under subclass 293. 39+, and 47, for discharge devices which Discharge devices which have a cathode which are provided with means for prevent- is composed of a plurality of parallel sections, ing the flow of heat away from an the apertured or grid-like electrode being pro- electrode. See subclasses 39+ where vided with a plurality of tubular parts, each the electrode is within an envelope.

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103+, and the subclasses specified in the charge device is involved. For example, notes thereto for discharge devices secondary emissive discharge devices having an electrode which emits sec- (e.g., electron multipliers) having three ondary electrons when bombarded by or more electrodes are classified in sub- primary electrons. classes 103+ above and not cross-refer- 337+, for the structure of indirectly heated enced to this subclass. Where the cathodes, per se. discharge device is provided for in some 347, for the structure of electrodes which general subclass above, such as sub- are designed to be incandescible upon classes 11+ (with temperature modifier), electron bombardment. or subclasses 238+ (with support and/or 464, for cathode-ray tubes having anodes spacing structure for electrode and/or or targets which are designed to be shield) and structure in addition to that heated to incandescence by the cath- provided for in the general subclass ode beam. being disclosed, and the patent is not 588, for discharge devices which have an cross-referenced to a subclass providing envelope and an atmosphere of gas or for a special type of discharge device, vapor, the discharge device having the patent is cross-referenced into this two electrodes between which an ion- subclass. The notes below refer to some izing discharge is to be maintained, of the subclasses which specifically pro- the ionizing discharge being a source vide for three or more electrode dis- of electrons for a discharge to a third charge devices. electrode, the discharge to the third electrode being nonionizing (elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tronic). CLASS: 627+, for discharge devices which contain a 1+, for plural unit discharge devices gas or vapor and which have an elec- which have at least two cathodes and trode designed to be used alternately an anode for each cathode. as a cathode and as an anode when the 103+, and the subclasses specified in the discharge device is used with alternat- notes thereto, for discharge devices of ing current, the electrode being the secondary emitter type (e.g., elec- designed to be heated to electron tron multiplier) which have three or emissive temperature by the ionic more electrodes. bombardment. Also, 627+, for dis- 123+, and 140, for spark plugs having 3 or charge devices containing an atmo- more electrodes. sphere of gas or vapor which have an 162, for discharge devices which have incandescible anode. three or more electrodes and a magnetic device for influencing the space 306 DISCHARGE DEVICES HAVING THREE discharge. OR MORE ELECTRODES: 166, 167 through 169, 170+ and 172, for This subclass is indented under the class defini- liquid (e.g., mercury) electrode dis- tion. Discharge devices which have three or charge devices having three or more more electrodes. electrodes. See subclass 166 where one of the electrodes is external of the (1) Note. See the glossary in the class defi- envelope, 167 where one of the elec- nition for the definition of a three or trodes is an apertured or grid-like more electrode discharge device. electrode, 168 and 169, where a plurality of the electrodes are anodes, (2) Note. This is a residual subclass and 170+ where one of the electrodes is an provides only for discharge devices hav- auxiliary starting electrode, and sub- ing three or more electrodes which are class 172 for liquid electrode dis- not provided for in the subclasses above. charge devices which have two The search should include the subclasses electrodes immersed in the liquid providing for special types of discharge electrode, the liquid electrode being devices where a specific type of dis- vaporized to initiate the discharge and

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to supply the gas or vapor atmosphere in the device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 234, where the discharge device has one of 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge the three or more electrodes exterior Devices: Consumable Electrodes, to the envelope of the device. subclasses 7+ for consumable elec- 236, for discharge devices which are pro- trode discharge devices (e.g., arc vided with three or more electrodes lamps and similar devices having and means for selectively using the means to feed the electrodes together electrodes so that the discharge device as they are consumed) where the may be operated without one of the structure includes at least two cath- electrodes being operated, one elec- odes each having a separate anode, trode being substituted for the other subclass 31 for polyphase A. C. type when the first operated electrode consumable electrode type devices, becomes defective. subclass 33 where the consumable 238+, for discharge devices which include electrode discharge device is provided supporting and/or spacing structure with three or more series connected for three or more electrodes. If struc- electrodes, and subclasses 36+ for the ture in addition to the electrode sup- consumable electrode discharge porting and/or spacing structure is devices which have a plurality of disclosed or is claimed, the patent is cathodes or a plurality of anodes. cross-referenced to this or one of the 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge indented subclasses where the dis- Devices: Systems, subclasses 5.16+, charge device has three or more elec- 5.27, 5.28, and 5.39+ for cathode-ray trodes if it is not specifically provided tube circuits including a plurality of for in a subclass other than subclasses hollow distributed parameter devices 238+ which precedes this subclass such as a wave guide, cavity resona- (306). tor, or co-axial line through or in 293+, for discharge devices which have an which the ray passes; and subclasses apertured or grid-like electrode inter- 34 to 63 for discharge devices which posed in the inter-electrode space have three or more electrodes and between two other electrodes. which have structurally combined 305, for discharge devices which have an therewith a circuit element such as an electrode designed to act as a cathode electric switch or an impedance. with respect to one electrode and an 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or anode with respect to a cathode, the Devices, subclass 124 and 134 for electrode being heated by the bom- X-ray devices which have a plurality bardment of electrons from the cath- of cathodes or anodes. ode and emitting electrons to the anode. 307 Four or more electrodes: 364+, for cathode-ray tube having three or This subclass is indented under subclass 306. more electrodes. Discharge devices which have four or more 531, for photosensitive discharge devices electrodes. which have a plurality of photosensitive electrodes. (1) Note. In some of the discharge devices 540, for photosensitive discharge devices in this subclass, one or more of the elec- which have a plurality of cathodes, at trodes are intended to be used merely as least one of which is not photosensi- discharge control electrodes. tive and 540, for photosensitive discharge devices which have a plurality (2) Note. This is a residual subclass and of anodes. provides only for discharge devices hav- 581, where the discharge device has an ing four or more electrodes which are envelope which contains a gas or not provided for in the subclasses above. vapor. The search should include the subclasses above which provide for special types of

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discharge devices where a specific type inter-electrode space defined by other of discharge device is involved. For electrodes. example, secondary emissive discharge 364+, for cathode-ray tube having four or devices (e.g., electron multipliers) hav- more electrodes. ing four or more electrodes are classified 581, where the discharge device has an in subclasses 103+ above and not cross- envelope which contains a gas or referenced to this subclass. Where the vapor. discharge device is provided for in some general subclass above, such as sub- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: classes 11+ (with temperature modifier), 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge or subclasses 238+ (with support and/or Devices: Consumable Electrodes, spacing structure for electrode and/or subclass 7 for consumable electrode shield), and is not cross-referenced to a discharge devices (e.g., arc lamps and subclass providing for a special type of similar devices having means to feed discharge device, the patent is cross-ref- the electrodes together as they are erenced into this subclass. The notes consumed) where the structure below refer to some of the subclasses includes at least two cathodes each which specifically provide for four or having a separate anode; subclass 33 more electrode discharge devices. where the consumable electrode discharge device is provided with four or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- more series connected electrodes and CLASS: subclasses 36+ where the consumable 1+, for plural unit discharge devices electrode discharge device has a plu- which have at least two cathodes and rality of cathodes or a plurality of an anode for each cathode. anodes and has four or more elec- 103+, and the subclasses specified in the trodes. notes thereto, for discharge devices of 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge the secondary emitter type (e.g., elec- Devices: Systems, subclasses 34 tron multiplier) which have four or through 63 for discharge devices more electrodes. which have four or more electrodes 238+, for discharge devices which include and which have structurally combined supporting and/or spacing structure therewith a circuit element such as an for three or more electrodes. If struc- electric switch or an impedance. ture in addition to the electrode supporting and/or spacing structure is 308 Discharge control electrode: disclosed or is claimed, the patent is This subclass is indented under subclass 306. cross-referenced to this subclass Discharge devices which have a discharge con- where the discharge device has four or trol electrode. more electrodes if it is not specifically provided for in a subclass other than (1) Note. This is the residual subclass pro- subclasses 238+ which precedes this viding for discharge devices having three subclass. electrodes, one of the electrodes being 293, for discharge devices which have an designated as a control electrode. As apertured or grid-like electrode inter- pointed out in the glossary, a control posed in the discharge space between electrode is an electrode designed to a cathode and another electrode (e.g., influence or control the discharge current anode), a fourth electrode being flowing between other electrodes. located outside of the discharge space Accordingly, whether or not an electrode (e.g., a shield grid around a cylindri- is a control electrode will depend upon cal anode). the system which is used with the dis- 296+, for discharge devices which have four charge device. The search should or more electrodes, at least two of the include the subclasses above which pro- electrodes being apertured or grid-like vide for special types of discharge electrodes which are interposed in the devices where a specific type of dis-

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charge device is involved. For example, cross-referenced to this subclass secondary emissive discharge devices where the discharge device has a con- (e.g., electron multipliers) having a control electrode unless the device is spe- trol electrode are classified in subclasses cifically provided for in a subclass 103+ above. Where the control elec- other than subclasses 243+ which pre- trode is an apertured or grid-like elec- cedes this subclass. trode interposed in the discharge space 293+, where the control electrode is an aper- between two other electrodes, the patent tured or grid-like electrode interposed is classified in subclasses 293+ above. in the discharge space defined by two Where the discharge device is provided other electrodes. for in some general subclass above, such 307, where the discharge device has four or as subclasses 11+ (with temperature more electrodes, one of which is a modifier), or subclasses 238+ (with sup- control electrode. port and/or spacing structure for elec- 447, and the subclasses specified in the trode and/or shield), and is not cross- notes thereto for cathode-ray tubes referenced to a subclass providing for a which have a control electrode. special type of discharge device, the 537, for photosensitive discharge devices patent is cross-referenced into this sub- which have a control electrode. class. The notes below refer to some of 581, where the discharge device has an the subclasses which specifically pro- envelope containing an atmosphere of vide for four or more electrode discharge gas or vapor and a control electrode. devices. 309 DISCHARGE DEVICES HAVING A MUL- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- TIPOINTED OR SERRATED EDGE CLASS: ELECTRODE: 5+, for plural unit discharge devices (e.g., This subclass is indented under the class defini- discharge devices having at least two tion. Discharge devices having an electrode cathodes and an anode for each cath- which has a plurality of pointed needle-like ode) at least one of the discharge portions or which has a serrated edge. devices having a control electrode. 153+, for discharge devices having a control SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electrode and also a magnetic device CLASS: for influencing the space discharge. 140, for this subject matter in spark plugs. 166, 167 and 170+, for liquid electrode dis- 351, for the structure of multipointed or charge devices which are provided serrated edge electrodes, per se. with a control electrode. See subclass 166 where the control electrode is 310 DISCHARGE DEVICES HAVING A external of the envelope of the device; THERMIONIC OR EMISSIVE CATH- 167, where the control electrode is an ODE: apertured or grid-like electrode inter- This subclass is indented under the class defini- posed between the cathode and anode tion. Discharge devices which have a thermi- and 170+, where the control electrode onic or emissive cathode. is an auxiliary starting or holding electrode. (1) Note. This subclass is the residual sub- 234, where the control electrode is exterior class providing for discharge devices to the envelope of the discharge which have thermionic or emissive cath- device. odes which are not provided for in the 243+, for discharge devices having signifi- above subclasses. This subclass does not cant supporting and/or spacing struc- contain cross-references of devices clas- ture for a plurality of electrodes, one sified in the preceding subclasses where of which is a control electrode. If the sole novelty in the cathode is in the structure in addition to the electrode structure or the cathode. For such cross- supporting and/or spacing structure is references, see subclasses 337+ where disclosed or claimed, the patent is the cathode is an indirectly heated cath-

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ode, 341+, where the cathode is a fila- cathode. See subclass 616 where the ment or resistance heated electrode, 346 device is provided with means to for cathodes which contain or are coated shield the cathode from positive ion with electron emissive material. This bombardment, subclasses 627+ where subclass does not contain cross-refer- the device has a heated or thermionic ences of devices classified in the preced- cathode, and subclass 630 for the mis- ing subclasses where the sole novelty in cellaneous gas or vapor discharge the cathode is the composition of the devices with emissive cathodes. cathode. For such cross-references, see 233, for discharge devices which are the classes referred to in the class defini- defined by the degree of vacuum and tion. Neither does this subclass contain which include a thermionic or emis- cross-references to patents where the sive cathode. sole novelty is in the supporting and/or 244+, for discharge devices which are pro- spacing structure for either the cathode vided with means for supporting and/ or the cathode and the other electrodes. or spacing a plurality of electrodes, The search should include the subclasses one of which may be a thermionic or above which provide for special types of emissive cathode. See (1) Note discharge devices where a specific type above. of discharge device is involved. For 270, for discharge devices which are pro- example, cathode-ray tubes with thermi- vided with means for supporting and/ onic or emissive cathodes are classified or spacing an indirectly heated cath- in subclasses 364+ above. Where the dis- ode. See (1) Note above. charge device is provided for in some 271, for devices having means for support- general subclass, such as subclasses 11+ ing and/or spacing a filament. See (1) (with temperature modifier) and struc- Note above. ture of the cathode is claimed in addition 293+, for discharge devices which have a to that provided for in either the general thermionic or emissive cathode and or specific subclasses preceding this sub- other electrode and an apertured or class, the patent is cross-referenced into grid-like electrode interposed between this subclass. See the search notes below the cathode and the other electrode. for a reference to some of the subclasses See subclass 302 where the discharge which provide for discharge devices hav- device has a plurality of cathodes and ing a thermionic or emissive cathode. subclass 304 where the discharge device is provided with a plural sec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion cathode having the cathode wires CLASS: parallel to each other. 1+, for plural unit discharge devices 305, for discharge devices which have a which have at least two cathodes and cathode and other electrode which is at least one anode for each cathode. designed to be used as an anode with 16, for discharge devices which have a respect to the first cathode and to be liquid electrode and an electric heater heated by the electron bombardment for the liquid electrode. from the first cathode, the electrode 37+, where the cathode is provided with having another surface which when means other than the mere filament or heated emits electrons to a third elec- heater for modifying the temperature trode, (e.g., cathanode type discharge of the cathode (e.g., a heat shield). device). 103+, for secondary emitter discharge 315+, for incandescent lamps which have a devices (e.g., electron multiplier) filament or glower. which have emissive cathodes. 337+, see (1) Note, above. 163+, for discharge devices which have a 341+, see (1) Note, above. liquid (e.g., mercury cathode) 616, 346, see (1) Note, above. 627+ and 630 for discharge devices 364+, for cathode-ray tubes which have a which contain a gas or vapor and thermionic or emissive cathode. See which have a thermionic or emissive

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subclass 409 where the cathode-ray electrode is composed of a different tube has a plurality of cathodes. composition. 523+, for photosensitive devices which have an emissive cathode. (3) Note. The composition or material may be a coating upon the electrode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices, subclasses 121+ for X-ray CLASS: tubes which have a thermionic or 54, where the electrode includes a radio emissive cathode. active material. 103+, where the electrode includes a mate- 311 DISCHARGE DEVICES HAVING AN rial which emits secondary electrons ELECTRODE OF PARTICULAR MATE- when bombarded by primary elec- RIAL: trons. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 107, where the electrode includes a mate- tion. Discharge devices which have an elec- rial which does not emit secondary trode defined by the composition of which it is electrons when bombarded by pri- composed. mary electrons. 150, and 163+, where the electrode is a liq- (1) Note. This subclass provides only for uid electrode (e.g., mercury). patents for discharge devices but which 230, and 359.1+for discharge devices hav- specify that the device has an electrode ing an evacuated envelope and an formed of a particular composition or electrode which will emit positive material. Electrode composition and ions. materials are classified in Class 252, 483+, where the electrode includes a fluo- Compositions, subclasses 500+ or in one rescent or phosphorescent material. of the related classes as pointed out in 523+, where the electrode includes a photo- the class definition. Consequently, pat- sensitive material. ents disclosing electrode compositions 559, where the electrode includes a getter and materials for discharge devices are material or a material designed to gen- not cross-referenced into this subclass erate a gas or vapor within the enve- solely for the composition or material, lope of the device. but are cross-referenced in one of the 561, where the device has an envelope classes specified in the class defini- which contains a getter or a gas or tions. However, this subclass does con- vapor generating material which is tain some cross-references of patents defined by its composition and also where the electrode is specified as being has an electrode defined by its compo- made of some well known material, such sition. as brass or zinc which is novel in its rela- 627+, and 630, where the device has an tionship in the discharge device although envelope containing a gas or vapor the composition, per se, is not new. This and an electron emissive cathode. See subclass is restricted to disclosures subclasses 627+ where the cathode is where there is some significance in the a heated or thermionic cathode. use of the particular material or compo- 633, where the device is provided with an sition in a discharge device. envelope containing a gas or vapor and has an electrode defined by the (2) Note. This subclass includes patents composition or material of which it is either as originals or cross-references for composed. discharge devices which specify that one electrode is composed of a specified SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: composition or material and another 252, Compositions, see (1) Note, above. electrode is composed of a specified composition or material and another

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which are provided with a casing or 312 WITH CASING OF JACKET FOR ENVE- jacket which is not gas tight and LOPE: which wholly or partially surrounds This subclass is indented under the class defini- the device. tion. Devices having envelopes and having a separable casing or jacket surrounding the 313 WITH ELECTRICAL SHIELD OR envelope or a portion thereof. STATIC CHARGE DISTRIBUTION MEANS: (1) Note. This subclass is the residual sub- This subclass is indented under the class defini- class providing for lamps and discharge tion. Devices provided with electrical shield- devices which have an envelope and a ing means or with means for distributing the separable casing or jacket surrounding static charges which accumulate upon the parts the envelope or a portion thereof and of the device or for the prevention of the accu- which are not provided for in specific mulation of static charges upon parts of the subclasses above. This subclass contains device or for preventing undesired electric cross-references of lamps and discharge space discharges, such as arcs, between the devices classified in the preceding sub- parts of the device. classes which do not specifically provide for the combination of a lamp or dis- (1) Note. For a definition of shield, see the charge device with an envelope having a glossary. casing therefor. The structures of envelopes in combination with a casing there- (2) Note. This subclass includes devices for are classified in other classes as set provided with means to prevent the forth in the class definition. Accordingly accumulation of undesired static dis- the cross-references are placed in this charges upon the envelope of the device. subclass of lamps and discharge devices This subclass also includes devices pro- which have envelopes and a casing vided with means to prevent electric therefor only when there is some signifi- space discharges between the lead wires cance in the fact that the device enclosed for the electrodes of the device. within the envelope is a lamp or discharge device. To complete the search (3) Note. This is the residual subclass and for this subject matter the specific sub- provides for all lamp and discharge classes referred to in the notes below devices which are not specifically pro- must be searched. vided for in the preceding subclasses which have an electrical shield or a static (2) Note. This subclass does not provide for charge distribution means combined lamps or discharge devices which have therewith. Accordingly, cross-references an integral double wall envelope. For have been placed in this subclass of pat- this excluded subject matter see sub- ents classified in the preceding subclasses 317+ below. classes of lamps and discharge devices having an electrical shield or static SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- charge distribution means excepting in CLASS: the case where such patent is classified 17+, where the lamp or discharge device is in a specific subclass preceding this sub- provided with an envelope and has a class which provides for such subject casing or jacket for the envelope, the matter. A complete field of search for space between the casing and the this subject matter will therefore include envelope being designed to contain the subclasses set forth in the notes either a heat transfer medium, a heat below. insulating medium or to be evacuated. 317+, for envelopes which have double SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- spaced walls. See (2) Note, above. CLASS: 324, for devices under the class definition 11+, where the shield is a heated shield or which do not have an envelope but is provided with means for modifying

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the temperature of the shield (having a 293+, for discharge devices which have an heat radiating surface), see indented apertured or grid-like electrode (e.g., subclass 33 for devices having an a shield electrode) interposed in the envelope and an internal temperature discharge space between two elec- modifying baffle, and subclass 38 for trodes, see subclass 293, where the devices having a heat shield for the discharge device has in addition a filament or heated cathode. fourth electrode or shield disposed 134, for spark plugs having an electrical outside of the discharge space. shield (e.g., radio shielding). 326+, for the structure of shields, per se. 168, for liquid electrode discharge devices (e.g., mercury) which have the anodes SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: shielded from each other by being 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- placed in separate chambers of the tors, subclasses 140+ for insulators envelope. provided with conductive means to 169, for liquid electrode discharge devices modify the electrical characteristics of having a plurality of anodes with one the insulator, including arcing horns, or more anode arc shields. means for preventing the concentra- 590, 592, 597+, 608, 609+, 614, 616, and tion of electrical stresses, means for 626, where the device includes an modifying surface resistance, and envelope containing a gas or vapor. grading means for modifying the volt- Where the device is a discharge age gradient; and subclasses 350-397 device having three or more elec- for miscellaneous electrical shields or trodes see subclasses 590, 592 and screens, per se, and for envelopes, 597+. See subclass 590 where a boxes, and housings which are of gen- shield is interposed between two of eral utility (including those similar to the electrodes to prevent a discharge those used for electric lamps and dis- therebetween, subclass 592 where charge devices) which are provided there is a hollow shield which sur- with or include as a part thereof an rounds at least a part of the discharge electromagnetic or electrostatic path and which has an apertured or shielding means. grid-like electrode within the shield 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge and subclasses 597+ where an aper- Devices: Systems, subclass 32 for tured or grid-like electrode (e.g., electric lamps and space discharge shield electrode) is interposed devices which have a condenser, between two other electrodes. See inductance or other circuit element subclass 608 where a discharge device structurally combined therewith so as has particulate material between the to form a unitary device. Electric discharge electrodes, subclasses 609+ lamps and discharge devices which where a discharge device has a parti- are provided with a condenser or other tion, baffle, constricting means or a circuit impedance to modify the distri- portion of the envelope wall inter- bution of electrostatic charges upon posed in the discharge space between the parts of the lamp or discharge the electrodes, subclass 614 for dis- device are in Class 315, subclasses charge devices provided with an 32+. Note indented subclasses 58+ of anode shield, subclass 616 for dis- Class 315 and the subclasses specified charge devices which are provided in the notes to the definition of those with a positive ion or cathode shield, subclasses where a discharge device is and subclass 626 for lamps and dis- structurally combined with a con- charge devices which have a shield denser or other circuit impedance, and for the electrode or an electrode sup- subclass 85 for electrical systems for port. electric lamps and electric space dis- 239+, where the device is provided with sig- charge devices having shielding nificant supporting and/or spacing means for part of the system to pre- structure for the shield. vent radiation of electromagnetic

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waves from and/or to the system or cence by the passage of an electric current some part thereof. therethrough. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 139 for X-ray dis- (1) Note. The glower or filament may be charge devices having electrostatic but need not be contained within an field stress distributing means for enclosing envelope. increasing the impedance of the dielectric paths between the elec- (2) Note. This is residual subclass and pro- trodes and subclass 143 for X-ray vides only for incandescent lamps which tubes having means for absorbing the are not specifically provided for in the secondary X-ray radiation. subclasses above. Where the incandescent lamp is provided for in some gen- 314 NONREPAIRABLE: eral subclass above such as subclasses This subclass is indented under the class defini- 11+ (with temperature modifier), and is tion. Devices which are provided with means not cross-referenced to a subclass specif- for preventing the repair of the device. ically providing for incandescent lamps and structure of the lamp is claimed in (1) Note. Some of the devices in this sub- addition to that provided for in either the class are provided with means to cause general or specific subclass, the patent is the envelope of the device to shatter cross-referenced into this subclass. The when an attempt is made to open the notes below refer to subclasses above envelope for the purpose of repairing or which specifically provide for incandes- replacing the filament or other electrode. cent lamps. Other of the devices are provided with means to prevent the filament or other (3) Note. Where the only significant lamp electrode from being attached to the lead structure recited is the envelope, or the wires. envelope and the base for the envelope, the filament or light emitting body being SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- recited broadly or by name only, and CLASS: where there is no relationship recited 236, for devices within the class definition between the filament or the light emit- which are provided with a spare or ting body and the envelope except that extra electrode which is to be substi- the filament or body is within the enve- tuted for a defective electrode. lope, the patent is classified in subclasses 237, for devices within the class definition 317+. For example, a claim directed to a which have an envelope and parts particular shaped envelope which states which are especially designed so that merely that there is a filament or light the device may be disassembled to emitting body within the envelope is repair an electrode or another part of classified in subclass 317. A claim the device and for devices within the which includes an envelope, either class definition which are provided broadly or specifically recited, and a with means for replacing a defective base and which state merely that the electrode. envelope contains a filament or light emitting body is classified in subclasses SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 318.01+. 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+, for envelopes, per se, for lamps and dis- (4) Note. Where the only significant lamp charge devices. structure recited is the structure of the filament or glower with or without a lead 315 INCANDESCENT LAMPS: wire or connector, the claim merely stat- This subclass is indented under the class defini- ing that the filament or glower is within tion. Lamps which are provided with a glower or a part of an incandescent lamp, the or filament adapted to be heated to incandes- patent is classified in subclasses 326+, especially in subclasses 341+. For

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example, a claim which recites an incan- ture for the filament or glower either descent lamp provided with a filament of with or without the enclosing enve- a particular structure without stating any lope, the patent is classified in sub- other relationship of the filament to the classes 271+ of this class. Where the other parts of the lamp is classified in structure is disclosed or claimed in subclasses 326+. Where the patent addition to the filament or glower sup- claims an envelope having a filament or porting and/or spacing structure, the glower being defined by either its struc- patent is classified in subclasses 271+ ture or by its composition, the patent is and cross-referenced to this or the classified in this subclass (315). indented subclass. 313, for incandescent lamps provided with SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- means for preventing the accumula- CLASS: tion of static charges upon parts of the 1+, for plural unit devices under the class lamp or for preventing undesired arc definition which include at least one or other discharges between the parts incandescent lamp unit and a dis- of the lamp. charge device unit. Note that incan- 314, for incandescent lamps which are pro- descent lamps having only plural vided with means which prevents filaments or glowers are not classified repair of the incandescent lamp. in subclasses 1+ but are in indented 331+, for the structure of lamp filaments and subclass 316. glowers which have combined there- 9, for incandescent lamps which include with a lead wire or connector. See (4) a filament or glower and a separate Note above. body, not an electrode, which is 341+, for the structure of filaments and designed to be heated to incandes- glowers. See (4) Note above. cence by the filament or glower. 549+, where the incandescent lamp has an 110+, for incandescent lamps which have envelope which contains a getter, a integrally combined therewith an opti- gas or vapor generating material or is cal device or which have the envelope provided with means for regulating made of a material which transmits a the pressure within the envelope. particular portion of the spectrum 578+, where the incandescent lamp has an (e.g., ultraviolet light). See subclass envelope which contains a gas or 112 where the optical device is a vapor. polarizer, a filter or where the envelope is special ray transmissive. See SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: subclasses 113+ where the optical 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge device is a reflector; subclass 116 Devices: Systems, subclasses 32+ where the optical device is a light dif- especially subclasses 32, 46+, 49, fusing means and subclass 117 where 51+, and 64 through 74 for incandes- the optical device is a light valve or cent lamps which have structurally light obscuring means. combined therewith a circuit element 235, for incandescent lamps which include such as an electric switch or an two electrodes which are maintained impedance. See subclasses 46+ for in imperfect contact, the lamps being the structural combination of an designed so that the passage of elec- incandescent lamp and a discharge tric current from one electrode to the device where the lamp filament is other produces light adjacent the ends connected in shunt relation to the dis- of the electrodes which are in contact charge electrode, subclass 49 for the with each other. structural combination of an incandes- 271+, for incandescent lamps having sup- cent lamp and a discharge device porting and/or spacing structure for where the lamp filament is connected the filament or glower. Where the in series with the discharge device. only significant lamp structure recited See subclasses 51+ where the incan- is the supporting and/or spacing struc-

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descent lamp has a plurality of circuit elements combined therewith. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 316 Plural filaments or glowers: Devices: Systems, subclasses 64+ This subclass is indented under subclass 315. where the lamp has structurally com- Lamps which are provided with a plurality of bined therewith a circuit element such filaments or glowers, the filaments or glowers as an electric switch or impedance. being provided with separate terminals so that Note that indented subclass 65 has the filaments or glowers are adapted to be inde- multiple filament or glower lamps pendently energized. which include switch means in the lamp to energize one filament when (1) Note. One terminal may have a plurality another filament fails to operate prop- of filaments or glowers connected to it, erly. the filaments or glowers being provided with separate terminals for the other 317 WITH ENVELOPE: ends of the filaments or glowers so that This subclass is indented under the class defini- they may be independently energized. tion. Devices provided with an envelope which encloses the electrodes of the device. (2) Note. See notes (2) to (4) in the definition of subclass 315 with respect to the (1) Note. This subclass provides only for classification of multiple filament lamps lamps and discharge devices which are in the subclasses which precede subclass provided with an envelope when there is 315 and this indented subclass. some significance in the use of the envelope in a lamp or discharge device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Also, included are lamps and discharge CLASS: devices which are provided with a spe- 115, where the lamp has a reflector inte- cific envelope where the claims state that grally combined therewith. the envelope contains one or more elec- 236, for multiple filament electric lamps trodes of a discharge device, a lamp fila- which are provided with means, other ment, or other structure sufficient to than the mere terminals of the lamp, exclude the patent from the classes so that one of the filaments or glowers which provide for the envelope and may be used to the exclusion of the envelopes with bases, per se. Envelopes, other, the means being capable of per se, for lamps and discharge devices selecting either of the filaments or are classified in Class 220, Receptacles, glowers for use. subclasses 2.1+, or Class 174, Electric- 272, for lamps which including significant ity: Conductors and Insulators if supporting and/or spacing structure claimed in combination with the lead-in for a plurality of filaments or glowers. structure, or in Class 439, Electrical Where the only significant lamp struc- Connectors, if claimed in combination ture claimed is the supporting and/or with electrical connector structure as spacing structure for the filaments or pointed out in the class definition. See glowers, either with or without the the class definition for the line between enclosing envelope, the patent is clas- Class 313 and the other classes with sified in subclass 272. Where struc- respect to the subject matter provided for ture is disclosed or claimed in in this subclass. Consequently, patents addition to the supporting and/or disclosing envelopes for electric lamps spacing structure for the filaments or and discharge devices are not cross-ref- glowers, the patent is classified in erenced into this subclass solely for the subclass 272 and cross-referenced to envelope structure of for the structure of this subclass. the envelope and its base (electrical connector), but are cross-referenced in one of the classes specified in the class definition.

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shield, the shield being supported by SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or forming part of the stem of the CLASS: envelope. 17+, where the envelope of the device is 246+, and 248, for discharge devices having provided with a jacket or casing for an envelope and means for supporting modifying the temperature of the and/or spacing a plurality of elec- envelope (e.g., cooling, heating or trodes therein, the envelope being insulating the device), see subclasses formed of conductive material. See 25+ where the envelope is provided subclasses 246+ where the conductive with spaced double walls and includes envelope portion is an electrode of the means (e.g., vacuum, gas, insulating device. material) in the space between the 266, for discharge devices under the class envelope walls for modifying the tem- definition having a plurality of elec- perature of the lamp or discharge trode supported by wires, rods, or device. tubes within an envelope, the struc- 33, where the envelope is provided with ture of the envelope or the envelope an internal temperature modifying stem which supports the electrode baffle. supports being modified. 34, where the envelope is provided with a 282, for devices which have an envelope condensing chamber or surface to with an electrically conductive (e.g., cool the gas or vapor within the enve- metal) envelope portion which sup- lope. ports an electrode within the enve- 44, where the envelope wall is provided lope. with means to modify the temperature 290, for devices under the class definition of the device (e.g., heat radiating having an electrode supported by a means, etc.). wire, rod or tube within an envelope, 109, where the envelope is coated or con- the structure of the envelope or the tains a fluorescent or phosphorescent envelope stem which supports the material. electrode support being modified. 110+, where the envelope is provided with 312, where the device is provided with an optical means (e.g., lens, etc.) to mod- envelope and has a separable casing ify the ray energy passing through the or jacket which wholly or partially envelope wall, see subclass 112 where surrounds the envelope. the optical means is a polarizer, or fil- 313, for devices under the class definition ter, subclass 113 where the optical provided with means for preventing means is a reflector, subclass 116 the accumulating of static charges where the envelope wall is light dif- upon the envelope. fusing, and subclass 117 where the 314, for devices under the class definition optical means is a light valve or light provided with envelopes which shat- obscuring means. ter when an attempt is made to open 148, where the device has a movable elec- the envelope for the purpose of repair- trode and a portion of the envelope ing the electrodes of the device. wall is moveable to transmit motion to 315+, for incandescent lamps provided with the movable electrode. an envelope. See (3) Note to the defi- 168, for liquid electrode (e.g., mercury) nition of subclass 315 for the incan- discharge devices having a plurality descent lamps which are classified in of anodes, the envelope being pro- this and the indented subclass. vided with separate anode chambers. 530, where the device is a photo-sensitive 237, where the envelope and the parts of discharge device having the cathode the device are made so that the device on the envelope wall. can be readily disassembled to repair 547, where the envelope is provided with or replace a part of the device. valve means for introducing a gas or 242, for devices under the class definition vapor into or withdrawing a gas or which have means for supporting a vapor from the envelope.

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609+, for gas or vapor discharge devices classified in Class 439, Electrical Con- where the envelope is shaped so that a nectors, where no significant structure of portion of the envelope is interposed the lamp or discharge device is claimed. in the straight line path between the Likewise, lamps and discharge devices electrodes (e.g., coiled, U-shaped, having an envelope with an attached etc.) or where the envelope is pro- base where the structure claimed relates vided with a restricted cross-sectional solely to the joint between the base and portion so as to provide a partition or the envelope are classified in Class 403, baffle between the discharge elec- Joints and Connections, as pointed out in trodes. the class definition. Envelopes having a 626, where the device includes an envelope base thereon are classified in Class 220, containing an atmosphere of a gas or Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ where elec- vapor and a lead-in wire, the stem of trical features are not claimed. See the the envelope being formed so as to class definition. Consequently patents shield the lead-in wire from deleteri- disclosing lamps and discharge devices ous influences, such as sputtered par- which have an envelope and the base ticles, vaporized metals, etc. thereon are not cross-referenced into this 634+, and 636, where the device includes an subclass solely for the structure of the envelope containing an atmosphere of envelope and its base (electrical connec- gas or vapor. See subclasses 634+ tor) but are cross-referenced in one of where the device is defined by the the classes specified in the class defini- structure of the envelope and subclass tion. 636 where the device is defined by the composition of the envelope. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 247, 253+, 274, and 286, for devices under 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- the class definition which have an tors, see (1) Note, above. envelope and an electrode which is 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ see (1) supported by support structure such as Note, above. lead-in conductors, wires, rods, or 439, Electrical Connectors, and see (1) tubes which are supported by opposed Note, above. or spaced parts of the envelope wall (double-ended devices). See subclass 318.01 Having base and connector: 247 where the device is a discharge This subclass is indented under subclass 317. device and the envelope has a portion Devices wherein the envelope is provided with of the wall formed of conductive a base attached to the envelope, the base being material which is designed for use as provided with contact means for making elec- an electrode, subclasses 253+ for trical connection to the electrodes of the other discharge devices having sup- device. porting means for a plurality of electrodes, at least one of which is so (1) Note. This subclass provides only for supported, subclass 274 where the lamps and discharge devices which have device has a filament so supported, an envelope and the base therefor when and subclass 286 for miscellaneous there is some significance in the fact that devices under the class definition hav- the device within the envelope is a lamp ing an electrode so supported. or discharge device. This subclass, there- 315, for incandescent lamps provided with fore, is subject to all the limitations set a base where the base is accurately forth in the notes to the definition of sub- located with respect to the filament or class 317. As pointed out in the class light emitting body so as to form a definition, lamps and discharge devices prefocused lamp. having an envelope with a base therefor where the base includes electrical connector means (e.g., contact prongs) are

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contacts which are spaced apart and electrically SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: insulated one from another. 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+, and see (1) Note above. 318.06 Having three or more electrical contacts: 403, Joints and Connections, see (1) Note This subclass is indented under subclass above. 318.01. Devices wherein the base includes 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses three or more electrical contacts. 611+ for electrical connectors having a vitreous envelope secured to an 318.07 Associated with pinch (or press) seal of electrical contact or coupling part envelope: (i.e., lamp or tube base type), and see This subclass is indented under subclass subclasses 660+ for various types of 318.01. Devices wherein the base is attached connectors, per se, which may or may to a sealed portion of the envelope, the seal not be disclosed as being subcombina- portion being flat and having two major sur- tions of a lamp or space discharge faces and two minor surfaces. device. Also, see (1) Note above. 318.08 Base attached to the envelope with cement 318.02 Secure to each end of a double-ended or or adhesive: tubular envelope: This subclass is indented under subclass This subclass is indented under subclass 318.01. Devices wherein the base is attached 318.01. Devices wherein the envelope has a to the envelope with a cement or adhesive-type cylindrical form or a particular form that has material. two opposite ends and wherein the base is supported by one end of the envelope which is 318.09 Base attached to the envelope with friction opposite to the other end of the envelope which or other mechanical means: is secured to either a different portion of the This subclass is indented under subclass same base or another base. 318.01. Devices wherein the base is friction fitted to the envelope or is secured to the enve- 318.03 Having an annular contact disposed concen- lope using other mechanical means such as a trically about the longitudinal axis of the screw, nut, bolt, etc.. envelope: This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1 Resilient mechanical means for attaching 318.01. Devices wherein the base has at least the base to the envelope: two contacts, at least one of which is annular This subclass is indented under subclass and concentric about a longitudinal axis of the 318.09. Devices wherein the base is secured to envelope or about an axis of engagement to a the envelope with mechanical means, the corresponding socket. mechanical means being resilient (or elastic or flexible) and the resilience of the mechanical 318.04 Having screw thread coupling contact: means enabling the attachment of the base to This subclass is indented under subclass the envelope. 318.03. Devices wherein the annular contact is concentrically disposed about a central contact 318.11 Having a reflector in combination with base: and is in the form of a sleeve having grooves or This subclass is indented under subclass threads which function to mechanically and 318.01. Devices wherein the base is formed as electrically couple the base to a corresponding a part of a radiant energy reflecting structure or socket having a mating annular grooved or is attached to an end portion of a radiant energy threaded contact and a central contact. reflecting structure.

318.05 Having spaced, longitudinally engaging, 318.12 Having a connector: pronglike contacts: This subclass is indented under subclass 317. This subclass is indented under subclass Devices wherein the envelope is provided with 318.01. Devices wherein the base has extend- electrical contact means for making electrical ing therefrom at least two elongated, fingerlike connection to the electrodes of the device.

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where the casing or jacket is designed SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- for use with temperature modifying CLASS: means for the lamp or discharge device 318.01, for an envelope having both a base or includes temperature modifying and a connector means. means and for the classification of miscellaneous separable casings and jackets, 323 COMBINED: per se. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Lamps and discharge devices claimed in SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- combination with structure classifiable, per se, CLASS: in other classes when such combinations are 36, where the device is provided with a not classified in any of the subclasses in this jacket or casing for directing the flow class preceding this subclass. of a temperature modifying medium about some part of the device. (1) Note. In this and the indented subclass, 312, and the subclasses specified in the for example, are lamps and discharge notes thereto, where the lamp or the devices which have a casing (other than discharge device is provided with an an envelope or a casing provided for envelope and a casing or jacket which temperature modifying purposes), and wholly or partially encloses the enve- combinations with signal or indicator lope. means. 313, where the casing includes means for shielding the enclosed device or is (2) Note. This and the indented subclass provided with means for preventing contains cross-references of patents for the accumulation of static charges lamps and discharge devices classified in upon the casing or jacket. the preceding subclasses which do not 317+, and the subclass specified in the notes specifically provide for combined sub- thereto where the casing or jacket is ject matter. an envelope for the lamp or discharge device. 324 With casing or jacket: This subclass is indented under subclass 323. 325 MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE Subject matter where the lamp or discharge DEVICES: device is provided with a jacket or casing This subclass is indented under the class defini- which wholly or partially surrounds the lamp tion. Discharge devices which are not classifi- or discharge device. able in any of the subclasses above.

(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for (1) Note. This subclass includes discharge lamps (including those of the discharge devices having an electrode formed of device type) in combination with a sepa- solid material which is electron perme- rable casing or jacket for the lamp. For able, discharge devices which have an the classification of the excluded subject insulating material in the discharge space matter, see the class definition. Likewise, and miscellaneous lightning arrestors of this subclass does not provide for certain the space discharge type which are not types of discharge devices such as cath- provided for in the preceding subclasses. ode-ray tubes and photo-cells in combination with a separable casing or jacket 326 ELECTRODE AND SHIELD STRUC- therefor. For the classification of this TURES: excluded subject matter, see the class This subclass is indented under the class defini- definition. See the class definition tion. Electrodes and shields for electric lamps where the structure includes means for and electric space discharge devices which are modifying the temperature of the lamp defined by their structure. or discharge device. Separable casings and jackets, per se, are provided for in other classes. See the class definition

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(1) Note. For the definition of “electrodes” SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: and “shields”, see the glossary in the 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclass definition. classes 95 and 98 for electrodes for electrical precipitators. (2) Note. This and the indented subclasses 219, Electric Heating, subclasses 145.1+ do not include electrodes and shields and 146.1+ for electrodes designed which are defined solely by their compo- for use in arc welding. sition. Also excluded are electrodes and 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge shield which are defined by their compo- Devices: Consumable Electrodes, sition and the only structure defined is subclass 60 for electrodes limited by that the electrode is a wire, rod, strip, claimed structure to use in discharge cylinder. Also excluded are electrodes devices of the consumable electrode and shields which involve no more struc- type, where the feed of an electrode ture than a base having a coating towards another of the electrodes is thereon. For the classes which provide accomplished by the consummation for the excluded subject matter and the of the electrode material or by the distinction between such classes, see the destruction of obstructions to the class definition. motion of the electrode. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or (3) Note. Joints and connections between an Devices, subclasses 121+ and 143+ electrode or shield and a lead wire or for X-ray tube electrodes; and sub- connector are not included in this or the classes 145+ and 203 for shields. indented subclass unless the structure 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- claimed includes some significant struc- cles, subclasses 364+ for a rod, ture of the electrode or shield beyond strand, fiber or filament which is that which is provided for making the coated or is structurally defined, but joint or connection. Where the structure omits structure (e.g., terminals or of the electrode or shield is not involved leads) which defines an electrode or a excepting such structure as is necessary shield, or a product for classification for the joint, even though the joint is elsewhere, and subclass 560 for a claimed as being for electrically con- metallic composite in which a compo- necting the parts, see the classes referred nent has metal particles held in a non- to in the class definition. metal which acts as a binder. 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Component or Device Manufacturing, CLASS: subclasses 35+, 46+ and 60+ and the 11+, where the electrode structure includes classes specified in the notes thereto means for modifying the temperature for processes and apparatus for mak- of the electrode (e.g., hollow elec- ing electrodes and shield for electric trodes having conduits therein for cir- lamps and space discharge devices. culating a cooling fluid therethrough, electrodes having heat radiating sur- 327 Self-baking electrodes (e.g., Soederberg): faces, electrodes provided with heat This subclass is indented under subclass 326. insulating means). Electrodes which are composed at one end of 54, where the electrode contains or is an unbaked material, the unbaked material coated with a radio-active material. being designed to be baked by heat applied to 631+, for devices under the class definition the electrode during the use of the electrode. having an envelope containing a gas or vapor and an electrode of particular (1) Note. The heat to bake the electrode may structure. be generated by a space discharge, or by the heat generated by the resistance to the passage of the current which flows

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from the end of the electrode to the lead- in conductor for the electrode. (1) Note. The structures in this subclass include receptacles for liquid electrodes (2) Note. With respect to the subject matter where the receptacle is to be attached to of this subclass, there is little distinction an envelope of the discharge device, between the process of making the arti- receptacles for liquid electrodes which cle and the process of using the article. are designed to be placed within the Therefore, any claims relating to pro- envelope, and the structure of the enve- cesses of making self-baking electrodes lope portion which is to receive the liq- will be deemed to be directed to a pro- uid electrode. cess of using the same where the process includes the baking in the use of the (2) Note. The receptacles in this subclass electrode article. For classes which usually include means to conduct elec- relate to processes of using self-baking tricity to the liquid electrode. electrodes, see the search notes below. Processes of using the electrodes are SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- classified with the art to which the pro- CLASS: cess relates. 16, for liquid electrode discharge devices which have an electric heater for the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: liquid electrode. 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave 29, for liquid electrode discharge devices Energy, subclasses 280+ for self-bak- which have means for modifying the ing or Soederberg electrodes limited temperature of the liquid electrode. to use in electrolytic apparatus. Where 150, for liquid electrode discharge devices the disclosure is that the electrode can which have a movable liquid elec- be used in an electrolytic device and trode. the claimed structure does not neces- 163+, for the miscellaneous liquid electrode sarily so limit the electrode to such discharge devices, see subclass 173 use, the patent is classified in Class where the liquid electrode includes 313 and cross referenced to Class 204. means to prevent the space discharge 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shap- from wandering over the liquid elec- ing or Treating: Processes, appropri- trode surface. ate subclasses, for processes within the class definition, for molding or 329 Mosaic electrodes: shaping plastic materials, particularly This subclass is indented under subclass 326. subclasses 104+ and 614+ pertaining Electrodes where the electrode surface is in the specifically to molding of electrical form of minute conductive areas insulated elec- articles. trically from each other and arranged in the 373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, manner of a mosaic surface. subclasses 89 and 97 for self-baking electrodes in electric furnaces. (1) Note. The insulation may be of high 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge resistance so as to allow the leakage of Component or Device Manufacturing, electricity from one area to another. subclasses 1+ and 60+ for Methods and Apparatus for the miscellaneous (2) Note. In many of the patents in this sub- manufacture of electric light and class, the small minute areas are photo- space discharge devices and the elec- sensitive, but they need not be trodes therefor. photosensitive.

328 Liquid electrode container: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 326. CLASS: Structures designed for use as a receptacle for a 367+, for cathode-ray tubes having a photo- liquid electrode (e.g., mercury). sensitive mosaic electrode.

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531+, for miscellaneous photosensitive discharge devices having a photosensi- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tive mosaic electrode. CLASS: 238+, for devices under the class definition SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: which have supporting and/or spacing 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 77+ for structure for the electrode or shield. processes of coating wherein the In some of the devices in subclasses product is electron emissive or sup- 238+ the electrode support is made of pressive. electrically conductive material and is 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- used as a lead-in conductor to conduct cles, subclass 376 for an electrode electricity to the electrode. having a discontinuous coating thereon which may be of the mosaic SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: type, and which includes no more 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- structure than a base having one or tors, subclass 144 for arcing rings and more coatings thereon. electrodes which include as a part 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge thereof electrical connector structure, Component or Device Manufacturing, per se, which are specifically subclasses 52 and 60+ and the classes designed for use with the insulators of specified in the notes thereto, for pro- Class 174. cesses and apparatus for making 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for mosaic electrodes. electrically conductive compositions even if they are coating or plastic 331 With lead wire or connector: compositions such as electrically con- This subclass is indented under subclass 326. ductive cements specialized for use in Electrodes and shields which have combined joining an electrode to its lead wire or therewith a lead-wire or an electrical connec- connector. tor. 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, subclass 591 for alloys designed for (1) Note. An electrical connector is defined use in soldering, brazing or welding for the purpose of classification in these an electrode to its lead wire or con- subclasses as any device or means which nector. is provided for the purpose of attaching a lead wire or conductor to the electrode or 332 Inserted section or material: shield. The connector may be a part of This subclass is indented under subclass 331. the electrode or shield structure or may Structure having, (1) a connector or coupling be merely attached mechanically to the section mounted between and joined to the electrode or shield. electrode or shield and the lead wire or connector, or (2) a material interposed between the (2) Note. Joints and connections between an electrode or shield and the lead wire or connec- electrode or shield and a lead wire or tor. connector are not included in this or the indented subclasses unless the structure (1) Note. In some of the patents in this sub- claimed includes some significant struc- class, the interposed section or material ture of the electrode or shield beyond is used to join the electrode or shield to that which is provided for making the the lead wire where the electrode or joint or connection. Where the structure shield and the lead wire will not unite of the electrode or shield is not involved directly to each other because of the excepting such structure as is necessary material used for the electrode or shield for the joint, even though the joint is or lead wire. In others, the interposed claimed as being for electrically con- section or material is used only to secure necting the parts, see the classes referred a better electrical or mechanical joint. to in the class definition.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 334 Nonmetallic electrode or shield: 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate This subclass is indented under subclass 331. subclasses for joints and connections Structure where the electrode or shield is of general utility even though desig- formed at least in part of a nonmetallic material nated as an electrical connection. and the lead wire or connector is connected to the nonmetallic part of the electrode or shield. 333 Filament or wire shield or electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass 331. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Structure where the electrode or shield is a fila- CLASS: ment or formed of wire and the lead wire or 333, where the electrode is a filament, or connector is attached to the filament or wire. an electrode or shield formed of filamentary strands which has its end SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- structure modified to facilitate con- CLASS: necting the lead wire or connector to 271+, for devices under the class definition the filament, electrode or shield. which have significant supporting and/or spacing structures for a fila- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ment. In some of these devices, the 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for supporting members are formed of electrically conductive compositions electrically conductive material and even if they are coating or plastic are designed to be used as the lead-in compositions such as electrically con- conductor to conduct electricity to the ductive cements specialized for use in electrode. joining a nonmetallic electrode or 332, when there is, (1) a connector or cou- shield to a connector. pling section mounted between and 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate joined to the filament or wire and the subclasses for a joint of general utility lead wire or connector, or (2) a mate- even though designated as an electri- rial is interposed between the elec- cal connection. trode or shield and the lead wire or 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- connector. cles, subclasses 416, 418, 432+, 444, 341+, for the structure of filaments for elec- 450, and 457+ for a nonstructural tric lamps and discharge devices. composite web or sheet embodying a 348+, for electrodes and shields for electric layer of metal next to a nonmetal. lamps and discharge devices other than filaments which are made of wire 335 Rod electrode or shield: (e.g., grids). This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Structure where the electrode or shield is in the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: form of a rod-like body. 403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for a mere connection SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- between a filament or wire and CLASS: another wire even though designated 238+, for devices under the class definitions as an electrical connection. which are provided with supporting 439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate and/or spacing structures for a rod subclasses for an electrical connector, electrode. In some of these devices, generally, and for the combination of the supporting member is designed for an electrical connector with a use as the lead-in conductor to con- “named” electric lamp. See the class duct electricity to the rod. See definition of that class (439), section indented subclass 267 where the sup- IV, for the line between Class 439 and porting structure for supporting a plu- other classes which provide for joint rality of rod electrodes is claimed. structure. See subclass 238 where the support

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structure for a single rod electrode is 341+, for filaments and other resistance claimed. heated electrodes for electric lamps 333, where the electrode or shield is a fila- and space discharge devices. ment or is formed of wire. 357, for the structure or rod electrodes or 338 Plural separate cathode sections: shields, per se. This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Cathodes where the cathode is provided with a 336 Point source cathodes: plurality of electron emissive sections which This subclass is indented under subclass 326. are electrically insulated from each other so Cathodes where the cathode is designed so that that the cathode affords a plurality of electri- the electron emission from the cathode is cally independent cathode sections. restricted to a point-like area. 339 Interior emissive hollow cathodes: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 337. CLASS: Cathodes where the cathode member is formed 364+, for cathode-ray tubes having point with a hollow cavity, the cathode member source cathodes. being designed to emit electrons from the interior walls of the hollow cavity. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices, subclasses 121+ for X-ray CLASS: tubes having point source cathodes. 346, for cathodes under subclass 643 which include a body or mass of elec- 337 Indirectly heated cathodes: tron emissive material which is at This subclass is indented under subclass 326. least partly enclosed within a support Cathodes which include a cathode member and or carrier member, the support or car- a source of heat energy for heating the cathode rier being permeable to electrons, or member, the heating means being a member or being permeable to the electron emis- device separate from the cathode member. sive material so that the material can permeate the support or carrier and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- form a coating thereon. CLASS: 270, and the subclasses specified in the 340 Insulating material between heater and notes thereto for devices under the cathode: class definition which include sup- This subclass is indented under subclass 337. porting and/or spacing structure for an Cathodes which are provided with an electrical indirectly heated cathode. insulating material between the cathode mem- 305, for discharge devices provided with at ber and the heating means for the cathode. least three electrodes, a cathode emitting electrons to a first anode which is SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: heated by the space discharge, the 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- heated anode having a surface which tors, subclasses 137+ for insulators, when heated emits electrons to a sec- note subclass 138 for cathode heater ond anode (the third electrode). insulators, per se, and subclasses 110+ These devices are sometimes known for insulated electric conductors. as “cathanode” devices. 219, Electric Heating, subclass 531 for 310, and the subclasses specified in the electric heaters provided with insulat- notes to the definition of that subclass ing means including the combination for discharge devices which have an of an electrical heater and insulating indirectly heated cathode. means for an indirectly heated cath- 336, where the cathode is designed so that ode where the cathode is not included the electron emission is restricted to a in the claims. point-like area.

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252, Compositions, subclasses 570+ for 337+, and the subclasses specified in the fluent electrical insulating materials notes thereto where the electrode is an and compositions. indirectly heated cathode, that is, the 338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 226+ cathode includes an electron emissive for electrical resistors having a casing part and a separate heating means to or housing around the resistance ele- heat the emissive part to the electron ment. emitting temperature. 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for processes of coating, per se, wherein SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the product is an electrical product. 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- cles, subclasses 364+ for a filament cles, subclasses 375+ for a filament or which is coated or is structurally electrode for electric lamps and space defined, but omits structure (e.g., ter- discharge devices which have an minals or leads), which defines an insulting coating thereon. electrode for Class 313 or a product 501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate elsewhere classified. subclasses for ceramic electrical insulating compositions, especially sub- 342 Noninductive: classes 127+ and 134+ for clay con- This subclass is indented under subclass 341. taining compositions; and subclasses Filaments and electrodes where the parts of the 141+ for titanates and similar material filament and electrodes are arranged so as to containing compositions. reduce to a minimum the electromagnetic or electrostatic field which is generated by the 341 Filament or resistance heated electrodes: current flowing through the filament or elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 326. trode. Electrodes which are either, (1) filaments, or (2) of the type which are designed to be heated SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- by the flow of electric current through the elec- CLASS: trode. 337+, for indirectly heated cathodes which are provided with means to shield the (1) Note. For the other classes which pro- electrons emitted by the cathode from vide for filaments and resistance heated the electromagnetic or electrostatic electrodes including those for use in field generated by the heating means. electric lamps and discharge devices, and for the processes and apparatus for SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: making filaments and resistance heated 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- electrodes, see the class definition. tors, subclasses 32+ for conductors of the noninductive type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 343 Plural wires or strands: 271+, for devices under the class definition This subclass is indented under subclass 341. which have a filament and which have Filaments and electrodes which are composed supporting and/or spacing structure of a plurality of inter-engaged wires or strands for the filament. assembled to form a single electrode structure. 310, and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for discharge devices SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: which are provided with a filament or 57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and resistance heated cathode. Twining, subclasses 200+ and the 315+, for incandescent lamps with filaments classes specified in the notes thereto or resistance heated glowers. for spun, twisted or twined strands. 336, where the electrode is electron emis- 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- sive, the electrode being designed so tors, subclasses 128.1+ for plural that the electron emission is restricted strand conductors. to a point-like area.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- 355, for the structure of other electrodes cles, subclass 608 for metallic stock under subclass 326 which have a coat- material which embodies interen- ing thereon. gaged fibers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 344 Coiled: 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- This subclass is indented under subclass 341. cles, subclass 554 for a metal particle- Filaments and electrodes where the filament is containing stock material composite. formed into a coil. 346 Cathodes containing and/or coated with (1) Note. A coil is defined for the purpose electron emissive material: of classification in this subclass as a fila- This subclass is indented under subclass 326. ment or electrode having at least one Electrodes which are made at least in part of convolution. electron emissive material or which are coated with electron emissive material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. Where no structure other than the 341, for mere U-shaped, V-shaped or mere composition of the electrode is looped filaments and electrodes claimed, or no structure other than the within the definition of subclass 341. mere composition of the base and/or coating is claimed, the patent is excluded SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: from Class 313. Merely naming the 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- electrode as a wire, rod, filament, plate cles, subclass 592 for metallic stock or electrode will not cause classification material in the shape of a helix or in Class 313. For the classification of which has a helical component. electrodes defined only by their composition, and for coated electrodes involv- 345 Coated: ing only a base with a coating thereon, This subclass is indented under subclass 341. see the class definition. Filaments and electrodes where the filament or electrode is provided with a coating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. The coating may be either elec- 310, and the subclasses specified in the tron emissive or not electron emissive. notes thereto for discharge devices which are provided with an emissive (2) Note. This subclass includes only those cathode. patents which claim structure of the fila- 329, for the structure of electron emissive ment or electrode other than merely mosaic electrodes. reciting that the electrode is a filament, 336, for the structure of electron emissive rod cathode, electrode or base, which is electrodes where the electron emis- provided with a coating. Where no more sion is restricted to a point-like is claimed than the mere base with a source. coating thereon, the patent is classified 337, for the structure of electron emissive in one of the classes specified in the indirectly heated cathodes. class definition. 341, for the structure of electron emissive filaments and resistance heated elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trodes, see indented subclass 345 CLASS: where the filament or resistance 346, for the structure of other electrodes heated electrode has an emissive coat- under subclass 326 which are pro- ing thereon. vided with an electron emissive coat- 353, for electrode structure where a portion ing. of the electrode is a nondischarge sustaining portion.

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464, for cathode ray devices provided with SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: targets adapted to be rendered incan- 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for descent by the cathode beam. processes of coating, per se, wherein 627+, for discharge devices of the gas or the product is an electrical product. vapor type having a thermionic cath- 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- ode which is heated by the space dis- cles, subclasses 375+ for a filament or charge. Also 627+, for discharge electrode which may be made at least devices of the gas or vapor type hav- in part from electron emissive mate- ing an anode which is heated to incan- rial or which is coated with electron descence by the space discharge. emissive material, and subclass 553 for an electrode comprising a particu- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: late metal component adjacent to a 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or nonparticulate metal component. Devices, for X-ray tube targets or anticathodes. 347 Incandescible upon electron bombardment: This subclass is indented under subclass 326. 348 Foraminous electrodes (e.g., grids) or Electrodes which are constructed so that at shields: least a small area of the electrode becomes This subclass is indented under subclass 326. incandescent when bombarded by electrons. Electrodes and shields which are formed of open-work material such as wire mesh or per- (1) Note. This subclass is limited to elec- forated sheet material, or which are formed of trodes which are especially designed to wires or bars, or which are otherwise provided have a portion of the electrode become with openings in the wall of the electrode or incandescent when bombarded by elec- shield. trons and does not include electrodes, such as anodes, which may become (1) Note. Some of the electrodes in this sub- heated only as an undesired incident of class are intended for discharge control their operation. electrodes or grid electrodes, but also included are all foraminous and grid-like (2) Note. Some of the electrodes in this sub- electrode structures even though claimed class are intended for use as targets in as being used for anodes, cathodes or cathode-ray tubes. other electrodes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 346, for electrodes containing and/or 293+, and the subclasses specified in the coated with electron emissive material notes thereto for discharge devices designed for use in discharge devices, which have a foraminous or grid-like usually of the type containing a gas or electrode disposed in the inter-elec- vapor, and which are designed to trode space between two other elec- become heated by the bombardment trodes. of the electric space discharge so that 346, where the foraminous or open-work they become thermionic electrodes. electrode forms a support or carrier 305, for miscellaneous discharge devices for a body or mass of electron emis- which have an anode which is sive material, the body or mass of designed to be heated by the space electron emissive material being at discharge. Included in subclass 305 least partly enclosed within the are discharge devices where the foraminous or open-work electrode heated anode has a surface designed contains or is coated with electron to emit electrons to a second anode emissive material. (an electrode other than the cathode which emits electrons to the heated anode).

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 245, Wire Fabrics and Structure, appropri- CLASS: ate subclasses for flexible wire or slat- 294, for discharge devices having a forami- and-wire fabrics. nous or grid electrode interposed in 442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Non- the discharge space between two other woven Textile or Cloth, etc.), sub- electrodes, the foraminous or grid classes 1+ for an open mesh material. electrode being nonuniformly spaced from the other electrodes (e.g., the 349 Nonuniform mesh area or nonstraight elec- foraminous or grid electrode being trodes or nonuniform cross sectional area eccentrically mounted, or being non- electrodes: cylindrical with respect to concentric This subclass is indented under subclass 348. electrodes, etc.). Electrodes and shields, (1) having the ratio of 295, for discharge devices having a forami- area of free passage through the openings in the nous or grid electrode interposed in electrode or shield to the obturating area of the the discharge space between two other electrode or shield in one region of the elec- electrodes, the foraminous or grid trode or shield different from such ratio in electrode having a nonuniform mesh another region of the electrode or shield, (2) area. where the electrode or shield wall surface is not 348, and 350, for foraminous or open-work a cylindrical hollow sleeve and is of a non- electrodes and shields where the wall straight surface configuration with the forami- surface is a straight hollow sleeve and nous wall of the electrode or shield lying in at is uniformly foraminous over its sur- least two different planes, or (3) having the face. foraminous wall surface of the electrode or shield in the form of a hollow sleeve, the sleeve 350 Rods, wire, or mesh supported on rod or having the cross-sectional area at one region of post: the electrode or shield different from the cross- This subclass is indented under subclass 348. sectional area at another region of the electrode Electrodes and shields where the electrode or or shield. shield is formed of rods, wire or mesh material which is attached to one or more rods or posts (1) Note. Under (1) in the subclass defini- so as to give the desired rigidity to the elec- tion is included electrodes and shields trode or shield. having at least one opening in the electrode or shield of a different area from SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the area of another of the openings, or 245, Wire Fabrics and Structure, subclass electrodes and shields having the open- 11 for slat and wire fabrics. ings in the electrode or shield nonuniformly spaced with respect to each other, 351 Multipointed or serrated edge electrode: or electrodes and shields formed of a This subclass is indented under subclass 326. wire coil or helix which has a nonuni- Electrodes and shields where the electrode or form pitch for the turns of the coil or shield is provided with, (1) a plurality of helix. Under (3) in the subclass defini- pointed needle-like portions, or (2) with a ser- tion is included electrodes and shields rated edge. the wall surface of which is conical, in the form of a truncated cone, barrel- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- shape or spherical. CLASS: 309, for discharge devices which have a (2) Note. Many of the electrodes in this sub- multipointed or serrated edge elec- class are intended for use as discharge trode. control electrodes in discharge devices of the variable-mu type.

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352 Composite electrodes or shields: 353 With non-discharge-sustaining portion This subclass is indented under subclass 326. This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Electrodes and shields which are composed of Electrodes where the electrode is provided with a plurality of parts or sections, one of the parts a part or section which is formed of a material or sections being composed of a different mate- which will not sustain an electric space dis- rial from the material of which another part or charge. section is composed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. This and the indented subclasses CLASS: includes the structure of electrodes and 106+, for discharge devices having means shields which are formed of one material for preventing the emission of second- and which are coated with another mate- ary electrons, note subclass 107 where rial. the electrode is formed of or coated with a nonemissive material. (2) Note. This and the indented subclasses do not include electrodes or shields 354 Cored rod: which are composed of a plurality of This subclass is indented under subclass 352. materials which are mere constituents of Electrodes where the electrode is formed in the a single composition or alloy. shape of a rod, the rod being provided with a core part which is formed of a material which SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- is of different composition from the material of CLASS: which the body part of the rod is composed. 337+, where the electrode is an indirectly heated cathode. (1) Note. This subclass includes cored rods 343, for this subject matter where the elec- designed for use as arc lamp electrodes. trode is a filament or resistance heated electrode which has a wire or strand SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: wound upon another filament or rod 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- which is of a different composition cles, subclasses 375+ for a rod which from the composition of the filament has a coating, impregnation or core. or rod. 346, for this subject matter where the elec- 355 Coated or laminated: trode is made of a material containing This subclass is indented under subclass 352. or is coated with electron emissive Electrodes and shields where, (1) the electrode material or includes a body or mass of is provided with a coating, or (2) the electrode electron emissive material which is at or shield is formed of a plurality of lamina- least partly enclosed by a support or tions. carrier which is permeable to electrons or to the electron emissive mate- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- rial. CLASS: 329, where the electrode is a mosaic elec- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: trode. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or 336, where the electrode is electron emis- Devices, where the electrode is an sive electrode and is provided with a X-ray target or anti-cathode. coating, the electrode being designed 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- to emit electrons only from a small cles, subclasses 548+ for composite point-like area. metallic stock having metal particles, 337+, where the electrode is an indirectly and subclasses 615+ for other com- heated cathode. posite metallic stock. 345, where the electrode is a filament or resistance heated electrode which is provided with a coating.

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346, where the electrode is provided with vide a structure having distributed an electron emissive coating. inductance and capacitance (e.g., cavity resonator), and operable in a mag- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: netic field (e.g., magnetrons), and for 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- the electrode, per se. cles, subclasses 98+ for a stock material product in the form of a single or 357 Rods: plural layer which has structure (e.g., This subclass is indented under subclass 326. dimension or aperture), subclasses Electrodes and shields which are in the form of 221+ for such a product embodying rods. an element or component which is structurally defined (e.g., porous or (1) Note. Where no structure of the elec- size of fiber), subclasses 357+ for a trode or shield is recited except that it is structurally defined or coated rod, a rod formed of a particular composition, strand, fiber, filament or other ele- the patent is excluded from Class 313 ment, and subclasses 411.1+ and 615+ and will be found in Class 252, Compo- for nonmetallic and metallic compos- sitions, subclasses 502+ or one of the ites, respectively, defined in terms of classes specified in the notes to the defi- the composition of their components. nition of those subclasses. See the class definition of Class 313. 356 Tubular or hollow sleeve: This subclass is indented under subclass 326. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Electrodes and shields which are in the form of CLASS: tubes or hollow sleeves. 238+, for devices under the class definition which are provided with a rod elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trode and supporting and/or spacing CLASS: structure for the rod electrode. See 331, where the tubular or hollow sleeve indented subclass 267 where the electrode or shield is provided with a device is provided with supporting lead wire or connector. and/or spacing structure for a plurality 337+, where the tubular or hollow sleeve of rod electrodes. See subclass 238 electrode is part of an indirectly where the supporting structure for a heated cathode. single rod electrode is claimed. 341, where the tubular or hollow sleeve 335, where the rod is provided with a lead electrode is a filament or resistance wire or connector. heated electrode. 341+, for filaments and resistance heated 346, where the tubular or sleeve electrode electrodes. is made of a material containing or is coated with electron emissive material SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: or at least partially encloses a body or 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- mass of electron emissive material. cles, subclasses 364+ for a rod which 348+, where the tubular or hollow sleeve is is structurally defined or coated, and formed of foraminous or open work not elsewhere provided for. material. 354, where the tubular or sleeve electrode 358 MISCELLANEOUS (E.G., ELECTRO- contains a core made of a different LYTIC LIGHT SOURCE): composition from the composition of This subclass is indented under the class defini- the tube or sleeve material. tion. Miscellaneous subject matter which is not provided for in any of the preceding sub- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: classes in this class. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 39.77 for (1) Note. This subclass includes electrolytic discharge devices having a hollow light sources. tubular electrode formed so as to pro-

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for 315+, for miscellaneous incandescent devices for producing and propagat- lamps. ing a unidirectional stream of neutral 325, for miscellaneous discharge devices. molecules or atoms through a vacuum, usually with thermal velocity; 359.1 WITH POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ION subclasses 281+ for methods and ACCELERATION: apparatus for ionic separation or anal- This subclass is indented under the class defini- ysis; especially subclass 288 which tion. Subject matter which are provided with includes a sample supply or invisible means for generation positive or negative ions radiation responsive gas; subclasses and which are provided with means to acceler- 379+ for discharge device apparatus ate the ions. which includes means to supply the gas into the discharge device; sub- (1) Note. Many of the devices in this subclasses 396+ for means to deflect, class are provided with means such as an scan, spread, or focus a performed ion transparent window for allowing beam of ions; and subclasses 423+ for ions to emerge from the envelope of the ion generation methods and apparatus discharge device. in which a material is treated or irradiated. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge CLASS: Devices: Systems, subclasses 111.01+ 62, for cyclotrons. for discharge device load with fluent 230, for discharge devices which are pro- material supply to the discharge vided with an evacuated envelope and space. which have means for generating pos- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- itive ions. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 231.01+,for discharge devices with means for subclasses 510+ for miscellaneous supplying fluent material to the dis- circuits which are magnetically charge space. effected. 364+, for cathode-ray tubes which may 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated include means for controlling or Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- deflecting an electron beam. nets, subclass 210 for ion or electron 567, for discharge devices which include beam deflecting magnets, per se, and an envelope and a confined atmo- the search notes thereto for combina- sphere of gas or vapor and which nec- tions including such magnet means. essarily generate positive ions in their 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro- operation. cesses, Systems, and Elements, 588, for gas or vapor-type discharge appropriate subclasses, especially devices which are provided with an subclasses 100+ for the utilization of envelope having two portions, one of a plasma in fusion reactions or where the portions containing electrodes it is intended to obtain a nuclear designed to generate an ionizing dis- fusion reaction; and subclasses 156+ charge, the ionizing discharge supply- and apparatus for processes for changing electrons to an electrode in the ing the nucleus of a substance by the second portion of the device; the sec- use of ray energy including an ion ond portion being designed to operate beam. with an electronic discharge. The two portions of the envelope may be sepa- 360.1 Plural apertured electrodes: rated by a barrier which is permeable This subclass is indented under subclass 359.1. to ions but impermeable to the gas or Subject matter including two or more apertured vapor in the first envelope portions. electrodes.

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stream into a restricted beam or ray is a (1) Note. In general, the electrodes here are plurality of grid electrodes or other aper- accelerating electrodes. tured electrodes between the cathode and anode, with the apertures of the grid or 361.1 Means for deflecting or focusing: other electrodes in alignment. However, This subclass is indented under subclass 359.1. this and the indented subclasses do Subject matter including means to deflect, include discharge devices similar in scan, spread, or focus the ions. structure where in addition to the plurality of grid or apertured electrodes, other SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: means (e.g., electrodes) are provided for 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 396+ for the sole purpose of forming the dis- the deflection or focusing of a pre- charge into a restricted beam or ray. The formed beam of ions. excluded subject matter will be found in subclass 299 of this class. 362.1 Supplying ionizable material (e.g., gas or vapor): (3) Note. This and the indented subclass do This subclass is indented under subclass 359.1. not include discharge devices which are Subject matter including means for delivering provided only with means for varying an ionizable fluent material to a discharge the width of the electron stream and device. which do not include any means whose purpose is to form the discharge into a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- restricted beam or ray. See subclass CLASS: 107.5, for the excluded subject matter 231.01+,for means for supplying or directing including discharge devices of the fluent material to a discharge device. “magic eye” type.

363.1 Extraction or target electrode: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 359.1. CLASS: Subject matter including an electrode for 2.1, for plural unit devices under the class removing or receiving ions. definition where one of the devices is a cathode-ray tube. 364 CATHODE RAY TUBE: 107.5, see (3) Note, above. This subclass is indented under the class defini- 299, see (2) Note, above. tion. Subject matter including means to gener- 359.1, for discharge devices with means to ate a beam of electrons in the form of a ray or accelerate positive or negative ions. to exchange energy therewith. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. Cathode-ray tubes in general are 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for neu- characterized by being provided with tron generators, subclasses 281+ for one or more focusing electrodes or elec- methods and apparatus for mass spec- tromagnets for forming the electric space trometers which use discharge devices discharge into a restricted beam or ray of in the separation and analysis of mate- elemental cross-section. However, some rial, subclass 305 for methods and cathode-ray tubes utilize the gas pressure apparatus for analyzing electrons by within the envelope of the discharge separating them on a velocity or device to form the cathode stream into a momentum basis, subclasses 306+ for restricted pencil ray beam and such the inspection of solids or liquids by devices are included in this and the discharged particles and particularly indented subclasses. subclass 311 for electron microscopes, subclasses 396+ for electron (2) Note. This and the indented subclasses or ion beam deflection or focussing, do not include discharge devices of the means, subclasses 440.11+ for object so-called beam power type where the supports used in charged particle sole means for forming the electron inspection systems, subclasses 493.1+

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for evacuable chamber device with 523+, for other photosensitive devices under radiation detectors or detector sup- the class definition. ports and subclasses 492.1+ methods and apparatus to irradiate object or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: materials generally. 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 330+ and 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 361+ for light amplifiers responsive to Devices: Systems, subclasses 3+ for invisible radiation, subclass 213 for cathode ray devices which have struc- “light amplifiers”, i.e., devices having turally combined therewith a circuit a photosensitive cathode, and a fluo- element, (e.g., a switch, impedance, rescent screen which is excited by the cavity resonator, etc.). emission from the cathode so that 347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic there is correspondence between the Information, subclasses 226+ for light falling on the cathode and the cathode-ray oscilloscopes (e.g., cath- light output of the fluorescent screen, ode-ray tubes having means, such as and subclasses 216+ for cathode-ray photographic film, to make a record tubes which are provided with a pho- of the trace of the cathode ray), and tosensitive electrode in combination subclasses 121+ for electrostatic with a separable optical means for recorders using electron beam in an controlling the light impressed upon air tight envelope for creating a the photosensitive electrode. charged pattern. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 348, Television, subclasses 325+ and 805+ Devices: Systems, subclasses 10+ for for cathode-ray tubes utilized in tele- systems for supplying electrical vision systems in combination with energy to cathode-ray tubes, the sys- optical elements, supports, and spe- tem including light sensitive means to cific circuitry peculiar to television. control the operation of the cathode- 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or ray tube. The cathode-ray tube in the Devices, subclasses 121+ for X-ray system may have a light sensitive tubes. electrode.

365 Image pickup tube: 366 Semiconductor depletion layer type: This subclass is indented under subclass 364. This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including structure responsive Subject matter including a semiconductor to electromagnetic radiation or compressional depletion layer device responsive to irradia- waves. tion.

(1) Note. Included here are structures which (1) Note. The barrier may be induced or emit electrons or change conductivity formed by doping. when irradiated with light, and structures responding piezoelectrically to compres- 367 Mosaic: sional waves. This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the semiconductor SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- depletion layer devices are disposed in a CLASS: mosaic. 2.1, for plural unit devices within the class definition which include a cathode ray (1) Note. The term mosaic is intended to device with a fluorescent screen and a include strips, stripes, or bands. photosensitive device, the light emitted by the fluorescent screen activat- 368 Plural junction: ing the photosensitive electrode. This subclass is indented under subclass 367. 346, and the classes and subclasses speci- Subject matter wherein more than one deple- fied in the notes thereto, for photo- tion layer form an element of the mosaic. emissive cathodes, per se.

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369 Mechanically responsive (e.g., sound): 376 With target: This subclass is indented under subclass 365. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter including structure responsive Subject matter including an electrode which to pressure receives the electron cloud emitted by the photo-emissive cathode and forms a latent (1) Note. Devices responsive to compres- electrical image corresponding to the image on sional waves are included here. the photo-emissive cathode.

370 Particular transparent conductor: (1) Note. The target receives the cathode This subclass is indented under subclass 365. ray. Subject matter including a conductive light previous film, layer or element adjacent the 377 Secondary electron emissive: responsive structure specified in terms of This subclass is indented under subclass 376. chemical composition or construction. Subject matter including means for providing electron multiplication at the target in response 371 With optical element: to the electron cloud from the photo-emissive This subclass is indented under subclass 365. cathode or means for providing electron multi- Subject matter including an optical element plication of electrons returning from the target. associated with the responsive structure to filter, reflect, refract, or restrict light. (1) Note. The means providing the electron multiplication at the target may be (1) Note. Included here are filters, masks, located between the photo-emissive lenses, reflectors and light conducting cathode and the target or be part of the elements. target.

372 Light conducting fiber or rod: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 371. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the optical means con- 379, for an electron multiplier receiving ducts light by total internal reflection. electrons returning from the photoemissive cathode. (1) Note. The light conducting element is generally in the form of a fiber or rod. 378 Support: This subclass is indented under subclass 376. 373 With photoemissive cathode: Subject matter including structure to support This subclass is indented under subclass 365. the target. Subject matter including a cathode element which emits electrons in response to light. 379 Secondary electron emissive: This subclass is indented under subclass 373. 374 Mosaic: Subject matter including an electron multiplier This subclass is indented under subclass 373. responding to electrons returning from the Subject matter wherein the photo-emissive photo-emissive cathode. cathode is formed of small discrete emissive elements in a mosaic pattern. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. A mosaic pattern includes strips, 377, for an electron multiplier receiving stripes, or bands. electrons returning from a target.

375 Plural photoemissive layers: 380 Special ray sensitive: This subclass is indented under subclass 373. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter wherein the photo-emissive Subject matter wherein the photo-emissive cathode is in the form of more than one film, cathode is adapted to respond to electromag- coating or layer on a substrate each being netic radiation other than visible light. photo-emissive.

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(1) Note. Included here is structure of or 385 Layer composition: associated with the cathode to make it This subclass is indented under subclass 384. particularly sensitive to, for example, Subject matter wherein the photoconductive infrared radiation. element is in the form of a layer having a specified chemical composition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 386 Plural layers: 388, for photoconductive elements made This subclass is indented under subclass 385. sensitive to particular frequencies of Subject matter wherein the photoconductive electromagnetic radiation. element is composed of plural layers.

381 Image dissector: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 373. CLASS: Subject matter including an aperture across 375, for plural photo-emissive layers form- which an electron cloud from the photo-emis- ing the cathode. sive cathode may be scanned, an elemental part of the scanned cloud emanating as a ray from 387 Secondary electron emissive: the opposite side of the aperture. This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Subject matter including an element which 382 Focusing: emits electrons in response to electrons This subclass is indented under subclass 373. reflected from the photoconductive element. Subject matter including structure to focus the electron beam. (1) Note. Included here are photomultipli- ers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 388 Special ray sensitive: 389, for similar structure including a This subclass is indented under subclass 384. photo-conductive element. Subject matter wherein the photoconductive 414, for plural beam generators with a element is adapted to respond to electromag- focusing electrode. netic radiation other than visible light. 442, for cathode-ray tubes with magnetic focus. (1) Note. Included here is structure of or associated with the photoconductor to 383 Electrode or electrode support: make it particularly sensitive to, for This subclass is indented under subclass 373. example, infrared radiation. Subject matter including an additional electrode or support for the additional electrode or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the photo-emissive cathode. CLASS: 380, for photo-emissive cathode made sen- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sitive to particular frequencies of elec- CLASS: tromagnetic radiation. 390, for similar subject matter with a photo-conductive element. 389 Focusing: This subclass is indented under subclass 384. 384 Photoconductive: Subject matter including structure to focus the This subclass is indented under subclass 365. cathode ray. Subject matter including an element which changes in conductivity in response to light. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 382, for similar structure including a photo-emissive cathode. 414, for plural beam generator with a focusing electrode.

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442, for cathode-ray tubes with magnetic focus. 395 Foraminous storage element: This subclass is indented under subclass 391. 390 Electrode or electrode support: Subject matter wherein the storage element is This subclass is indented under subclass 384. in the form of a mesh having voids or a sheet Subject matter including an additional elec- having perforations and coated with a storage trode or support for the additional electrode or material. the photoconductive element. 396 With non-beaming gun: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 391. CLASS: Subject matter including means for flooding 383, for similar subject matter with a the storage electrode with electrons. photo-emissive cathode 417, for electrode support structure in a 397 With display: plural beam tube. This subclass is indented under subclass 391. 438, for means for supporting electrostatic Subject matter including a display screen for deflection structure. providing an image corresponding to the stor- 456+, for means for supporting an electrode age electrode charge distribution, storage and in the electron gun structure. display are effected by the same element or contacting elements. 391 Storage: This subclass is indented under subclass 364. 398 Integral or contiguous storage and display Subject matter including an electrode capable element: of converting the energy from a cathode ray to This subclass is indented under subclass 397. a charge distribution. Subject matter wherein storage and display are effected by the same element or contacting ele- (1) Note. In general, a writing and reading ments. cathode-ray beam is required to place the charge on the storage electrode and to 399 Secondary emissive electrode: derive information from it. This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter which includes a secondary 392 Depletion layer type storage element: emissive electrode. This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter wherein the storage electrode is (1) Note. Included here are electron multi- a depletion layer device. pliers.

(1) Note. The depletion layer may be SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- induced or formed by doping. CLASS: 346, and the classes and subclasses speci- 393 Double ended: fied in the notes thereto for secondary This subclass is indented under subclass 391. emissive electrodes, per se. Subject matter wherein the storage electrode is 377, 379 and 387, for secondary emissive located intermediate two electron guns with electrodes in pick-up tubes. one gun on each side of the storage electrode. 391, for storage tubes which may include a secondary emissive electrode. 394 Continuous storage element: This subclass is indented under subclass 391. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter wherein the storage element is 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge the anode or is contiguous with the anode in Devices: Systems, subclasses 11, the form of a separate continuous layer. 12.1, for systems for supplying electrical energy to cathode-ray tubes (1) Note. The continuous type storage ele- which include a secondary emissive ment requires scanning to read the stored electrode. charge distribution.

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329, Demodulators, appropriate subclasses, for demodulators with sec- 406 With studs: ondary emission. This subclass is indented under subclass 404. 330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for amplifi- Subject matter including studs to which the ers having a secondary emissive tube. resilient elements are attached, secured, or connected. 400 With display: This subclass is indented under subclass 399. 407 With frame: Subject matter including an element producing This subclass is indented under subclass 402. a visual display in response to electron irradia- Subject matter including a frame for supporting tion from the secondary emissive electrode. the shadow mask or shield.

401 Monoscope: 408 With screen: This subclass is indented under subclass 399. This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein the emissive material is Subject matter including a phosphor screen. in the form of a picture or symbol or the emissive material is masked to provide a signal 409 Plural beam generating or control: indicative of a picture or symbol. This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter including structure to produce (1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass or control a plurality of electron beams. is generally for the purpose of providing a video signal of a test pattern or the like. (1) Note. These devices may have a plurality of beam forming cathodes, each with 402 Shadow mask, support or shield: beam forming means associated there- This subclass is indented under subclass 364. with, or a single cathode with means Subject matter including an electrode having associated therewith for forming the dis- apertures, correlated with groups of color emis- charge into a plurality of separate beams sive elements of display screen, structure directed severally toward different tar- securing the electrode, or electrode frame; or gets or different parts of the same target. an electron shield associated with the electrode or frame. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. The nominal recitation of a sup- 2.1, for plural unit devices under the class ported or unsupported shadow mask is definition which include two cathode not sufficient for classification in this ray devices, each being provided with subclass. its own beam forming means and provided with a separate target for each 403 Non-circular aperture: beam. This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein the shadow made has SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: noncircular apertures. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 5.14+ 404 With resilient support: for cathode-ray tube circuits which This subclass is indented under subclass 402. include a plurality of beam forming Subject matter including a resilient element cathodes and a hollow distributed securing the mask or mask frame to the cathode parameter device such as a wave ray device. guide, resonator, or co-axial line, the beams formed by the cathodes passing 405 Bimetallic: through or in the device; and sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 404. classes 368.11+ for a cathode-ray Subject matter wherein the resilient support device having convergence control comprises dissimilar metals associated in such circuitry. See also (1) Note under a way as to move the mask in response to tem- subclass 5.14 and subclasses 13.1+ for perature changes. systems for supplying electrical

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energy to cathode-ray tubes which are provided with means for forming a 417 With electrode support: plurality of separate cathode-ray This subclass is indented under subclass 409. beams. Subject matter including means for supporting 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or one or more, of the beam generating or control- Devices, subclass 134 for X-ray ling electrodes. devices under the class definition which include a plurality of cathodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 410 With character forming electrode: 383, and 390, for electrode support struc- This subclass is indented under subclass 409. ture in an image pickup tube. Subject matter including means to define a pat- 438, for means for supporting electrostatic tern in the form of a number or letter. deflection structure. 456+, for means for supporting an electrode 411 One cathode source of plural beams: in the electron gun structure. This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter including means for deriving 418 Signal translating output electrode: plural beams from a single cathode. This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter including an output electrode 412 Convergence: for supplying electrical information which is a This subclass is indented under subclass 409. function of cathode intensity or position. Subject matter including means for affecting the beam paths so that all beams strike the 419 Plural: same point. This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter including more than one output 413 With deflection: electrode. This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter including means for deflecting 420 Electron permeable window: one or more beams. This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter having a window which is per- (1) Note. Focusing is not considered deflec- meable to electrons so that the electrons may tion. pass through the window and out of the envelope containing the discharge electrodes. 414 With focusing and accelerating electrodes: This subclass is indented under subclass 409. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter including means for focusing CLASS: and accelerating one or more of the electron 317, for other devices under the class defi- beams. nition provided with an electron permeable envelope. 415 With screen: 359.1+, for discharge devices under the class This subclass is indented under subclass 409. definition which are provided with Subject matter including a fluorescent or phos- means for accelerating positive ions phorescent screen. and which may be provided with an ion transparent envelope. 416 Including non-planar elements: 588, for gas or vapor type discharge This subclass is indented under subclass 415. devices provided with one chamber in Subject matter including elements having sub- which an ionizing discharge is elements in more than one plane which geo- adapted to be maintained, an electron metrically discriminate between or among permeable barrier being provided so electron beams. that electrons from the ionizing discharge can pass into a second chamber where an electronic discharge is designed to be maintained.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+, for 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge envelopes, per se, for lamps and dis- Devices: Systems, subclasses 364+ charge devices, note that subclass 2.3 and indented subclasses for electric provides for such envelopes where a systems for supplying electric current portion of the envelope is made of and/or potentials to cathode-ray tubes, conductive material. which are provided with ray deflect- 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 306+ for ing circuits, subclasses 393+ where methods and apparatus to inspect sol- the cathode ray is swept in different ids or liquids by charged particles and planes (e.g., horizontal and vertical subclasses 492.1+ for the irradiation sweeping), subclasses 391+ where the of objects and material generally. cathode ray is merely deflected (e.g., bent) and also swept in one plane or is 421 Beam deflecting means: swept in two different directions in a This subclass is indented under subclass 364. single plane, and subclasses 399+ for Subject matter having means to deflect the the systems for supplying electric cur- beam. rents to the deflecting electromagnets of a cathode-ray tube. (1) Note. A pair of electrodes, one on each 331, Oscillators, subclass 80 for oscillator side of the beam path so that a potential systems utilizing a cathode-ray tube applied to them causes one to attract and of the ray sweeping or deflecting type. the other to repel the beam is considered 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated to be a single deflecting means. Two Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- such pairs of electrodes each pair opera- nets, subclasses 210+ for magnetic ble separately of the other pair are con- deflecting or focusing structure exter- sidered to constitute two deflecting nal to a cathode-ray tube. means. In general any means capable of deflecting the beam out of its path in a 422 Flat tube type: single direction is considered a single This subclass is indented under subclass 421. deflecting means, and any means capa- Subject matter wherein the deflection is greater ble of deflecting the beam out of its path than 110 degree or the cathode ray is asymmet- in two dimensions is considered to be rically deflected. plural deflecting means. Also considered to be cathode-ray tubes with plural (1) Note. The general purpose of these deflecting means are cathode-ray tubes tubes is to minimize the front to back which are provided with means to dimension. deflect the cathode ray into different directions in a single plane. 423 Electron reflecting mirror: This subclass is indented under subclass 421. (2) Note. This subclass includes cathode- Subject matter wherein the beam deflecting ray tubes which are provided with a sin- means causes the cathode ray to have a vector gle magnetic means for deflecting the component opposite to the direction it was cathode ray. traveling before deflection.

(3) Note. For the classification of deflection SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- magnets, per se, see the class definition. CLASS: 422, for deflection arrangements used in SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- flat type tubes. CLASS: 153, for other discharge devices provided with magnetic means for influencing the discharge.

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424 Ion trap: 431 Plural magnetic: This subclass is indented under subclass 421. This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter wherein ions are deflected out Subject matter wherein at least two of the of the electron beam to prevent undesirable deflecting means are magnetic. effects. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 425 Centering: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 421. 440, for cathode-ray tube with yoke. Subject matter wherein the deflecting means is utilized to center the cathode ray beam. 432 Electrostatic: This subclass is indented under subclass 426. 426 Plural: Subject matter wherein at least two of the This subclass is indented under subclass 421. deflecting means provide electrostatic attrac- Subject matter including a plurality of beam tion or repulsion of the cathode ray. deflecting means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. The plurality of deflecting means CLASS: may deflect one or more beams. 439, for single electrostatic deflection means. 427 Three or more: This subclass is indented under subclass 426. 433 Magnetic: Subject matter including three or more beam This subclass is indented under subclass 432. deflecting means. Subject matter including magnetic deflecting means. (1) Note. The deflecting means may all be electrostatic, all electromagnetic or may SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- include both electrostatic and electro- CLASS: magnetic. 413, for means for deflecting plural beams. 431, for two or more magnetic means for SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- deflecting the electron beam. CLASS: 440, for cathode-ray tube with yoke. 409+, and in particular 413 for the deflection of plural cathode rays. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated 428 With convergence: Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- This subclass is indented under subclass 427. nets, subclasses 210+ for magnetic Subject matter including means for causing deflecting or focusing structure exter- plural beams to intersect at a specified point. nal to a cathode-ray tube.

429 Field varied near screen (i.e., post deflec- 434 Nonparallel or asymmetric: tion): This subclass is indented under subclass 432. This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter wherein the deflecting members Subject matter wherein the deflecting means is include plates or areas of plate surfaces which positioned near the viewing screen. are nonparallel or asymmetric.

(1) Note. Such placement of the deflecting 435 Nonplanar: means is termed “post deflection”. This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein at least one surface of 430 By external element: the deflecting means is nonplanar. This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein the deflecting means is located external to the tube.

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436 Enclosed or overlapping: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 432. 335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Subject matter wherein the deflecting means Switches, Magnets, and Electromag- overlap each other or are enclosed by other nets, subclasses 210+ for means electrodes or shielding. external of a cathode-ray tube to deflect or form the beam. 437 With distortion correction: This subclass is indented under subclass 432. 441 Ray generating or control: Subject matter including means to correct dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 364. tortion due to deflection. Subject matter including a cathode source of electrons, electrodes or magnetic elements for 438 With support: controlling electron velocity or beam cross sec- This subclass is indented under subclass 432. tion. Subject matter including structure for supporting the deflecting means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 409, for similar subject matter where more CLASS: than one beam is generated or con- 383, and 390, for electrode support struc- trolled. ture in an image pickup tube. 421, for similar subject matter including 417, for electrode support structure in a means for deflecting the beam. plural beam tube. 456+, for means for supporting an electrode 442 With magnetic focus: in the electron gun structure. This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter including magnetic means for 439 Electrostatic: defining beams cross-section. This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Subject matter wherein the deflecting means 443 Internal: provides electrostatic attraction or repulsion of This subclass is indented under subclass 442. the cathode ray. Subject matter wherein the magnetic focus structure forms part of or is located within the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- envelope. CLASS: 432, for plural electrostatic deflection 444 Sandwiched electrodes: means. This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter including a plurality of elec- 440 With yoke: trodes and one or more insulating members This subclass is indented under subclass 421. serially disposed relative to the beam and Subject matter including coil laminations sur- secured together in a contiguous fashion. rounding the cathode ray to provide deflection. 445 Canted electrode (i.e., ion trap): SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 441. CLASS: Subject matter including an electrode or elec- 413, for means for deflecting plural beams. trode surface positioned at an acute angle with 431, for two or more magnetic means for respect to a plane perpendicular to the electron deflecting the beam. beam axis for the purpose of deflecting ions off 433, for one or two magnetic means com- axis. bined with electrostatic means for deflecting the beam. 446 Including cathode assembly: This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter including a cathode.

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447 With control grid adjacent cathode: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 446. CLASS: Subject matter including an electrode located 383, and 390, for electrode support struc- immediately adjacent the cathode for regulat- ture in an image pickup tube. ing the velocity of an electron or electron beam 417, for electrode support structure in a density. plural beam tube. 438, for means for supporting electrostatic 448 With anode: deflection structure. This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including an anode. 457 Parallel rod type: This subclass is indented under subclass 456. 449 With additional electrode: Subject matter wherein the support structure is This subclass is indented under subclass 448. in the form of an insulating rod or rods sup- Subject matter including an additional elec- porting an electrode and extending parallel to trode. the electron beam.

450 With coating or spiral electrode: 458 Electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass 449. This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter wherein the additional electrode Subject matter including an electrode. is a conductive coating on the envelope wall or is a conductive helical wire. 459 Movable: This subclass is indented under subclass 458. 451 With support: Subject matter including structure to provide This subclass is indented under subclass 448. for movement of an electrode. Subject matter including support structure for the anode. 460 Plural: This subclass is indented under subclass 458. 452 With focus electrode adjacent cathode: Subject matter including more than one elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 446. trode. Subject matter including a focus electrode immediate the cathode. 461 Screen: This subclass is indented under subclass 364. 453 Noncircular beam type: Subject matter including means for converting This subclass is indented under subclass 452. the energy of a cathode ray into light or for Subject matter wherein the focus electrode and modulating light in accordance with the ray cathode produce a beam that is noncircular in energy. cross-section. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 454 Nonplanar cathode: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 452. 483+, for noncathode ray devices including Subject matter wherein the cathode surface is a luminescent solid or liquid material. curved. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 455 Brillouin beam type: 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 483.1+ This subclass is indented under subclass 454. for luminescent devices responsive to Subject matter wherein the cathode and associ- invisible radiation. ated electrodes produce a hollow beam in 348, Television, subclasses 744+ for televi- which the electron density increases radially sion projection devices that may uti- from the beam center. lize a cathode-ray beam to modulate light. 456 With support for electrode: Subject matter under 441 including structure for supporting an electrode.

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462 Scale or graticule: 466 Nonluminescent layer: This subclass is indented under subclass 461. This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter including indicia on or embed- Subject matter including a layer which is not ded in the screen. luminescent overlying the luminescent layer.

463 Electroluminescent: 467 Phosphor composition: This subclass is indented under subclass 461. This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein the light output of the Subject matter including a particular phosphor screen capable of luminescence in an electric composition. field is modified by a cathode ray. 468 Rare earth: 464 Incandescent type: This subclass is indented under subclass 467. This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein the phosphor composi- Subject matter wherein the screen is of a mate- tion is formed from a rare earth element. rial which incandesces when heated by the bombardment of electrons. 469 Embedded in face plate: This subclass is indented under subclass 467. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter including a face plate and the CLASS: phosphors composition is dispersed in the face 305, and the subclasses specified in the plate material. notes thereto for other discharge devices under the class definition hav- 470 Mosaic: ing anodes adapted to be heated by the This subclass is indented under subclass 461. discharge. Subject matter including discrete phosphor ele- 347, and the subclasses specified in the ments arranged in a mosaic pattern. notes thereto for electrodes, per se, which are designed to be incandesci- 471 Beam indexing element: ble upon electron bombardment. This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter including a phosphor positioned 465 Light valve type: on the screen which when excited gives an This subclass is indented under subclass 461. indication of the position of the electron beam. Subject matter in which the screen includes means to regulate the amount of light which (1) Note. In operation light from the beam can pass through it; the regulation of the light indexing element or elements is gener- transmissibility of the screen being controlled ally received by a detector. by the cathode ray. 472 Dot type: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 470. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the mosaic is a dot pat- 117, for other devices under the class defi- tern. nition which have structurally combined therewith a light valve. 473 Plural layer type: This subclass is indented under subclass 461. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter wherein the screen comprises 348, Television, subclasses 744+ for televi- more than one light-generating or modulating sion projection devices that may use a layers. cathode-ray beam to regulate the light transmissibility of a screen, which 474 With optics: screen regulates the amount of light This subclass is indented under subclass 461. transmitted. Subject matter including optical means com- 359, Optical Systems and Elements, sub- bined with the screen. classes 227+ and 238+ for light valves, per se.

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475 Light conducting fiber or rod: (1) Note. Included here, for example, are This subclass is indented under subclass 474. electroluminescent and electrochemilu- Subject matter wherein the optical means minescent devices. includes a light conducting fiber or rod which conducts light by total internal reflection. (2) Note. See the class definition for fluorescent and phosphorescent screens, 476 Support: coatings, and compositions, and the This subclass is indented under subclass 461. method for coating bases with fluores- Subject matter including means for securing cent or phosphorescent materials. the screen relative to the cathode ray device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 477 Envelope: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 364. 461+, for cathode ray devices having a fluo- Subject matter including an envelope. rescent screen.

478 With external optical element: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 477. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Subject matter including optical means exter- Devices: Systems, appropriate sub- nal of the envelope for reflecting, refracting, or classes, for electric systems for sup- transmitting light. plying electric energy to electric lamps which are provided with a fluo- 479 Coating or shielding: rescent or phosphorescent material. This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Note that systems for supplying elec- Subject matter including means for protecting tric energy to electronic tubes which the envelope or preventing radiation from are provided with a fluorescent or entering or leaving the envelope. phosphorescent material for the purpose of emitting light are considered 480 Composition: to be lamp systems classified in Class This subclass is indented under subclass 477. 315. Subject matter wherein the chemical composi- 345, Computer Graphics Processing and tion of the envelope is specified. Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 36, 37, 41+, 44+, 47, 60+, 481 With getter or gas: 73, 74.1+, 76+, and 82+ for selective This subclass is indented under subclass 477. electrically controlled visual display Subject matter including means to increase the systems. degree of vacuum or including a gas. 362, Illumination, subclass 84 for illuminating devices which have combined 482 Support for electrode or envelope: therewith a fluorescent or phosphores- This subclass is indented under subclass 477. cent material. Subject matter including means integral with and internal the envelope for supporting or 484 With gaseous discharge medium: attaching electrodes or means integral with and This subclass is indented under subclass 483. external the envelope particularly adapted for Subject matter including a gaseous medium in mounting the envelope or for supporting which a discharge is developed. deflecting structure thereof. 485 Phosphor on envelope wall: 483 WITH LUMINESCENT SOLID OR LIQ- This subclass is indented under subclass 484. UID MATERIAL: Subject matter which includes an envelope and This subclass is indented under the class defini- fluorescent or phosphorescent material applied tion. Subject matter which include a liquid or to or embedded in the wall of the envelope. solid material that produces radiant energy in response to excitation. (1) Note. The fluorescent or phosphorescent material may be in direct contact with

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the envelope wall or separated from it by a layer or coating on the envelope for 490 With amalgam: example, a phosphor layer overlying a This subclass is indented under subclass 485. protective layer disposed directly on the Subject matter wherein mercury or an alloy of envelope wall. mercury with another metal is provided within the envelope to maintain the mercury-vapor (2) Note. The fluorescent or phosphorescent pressure. material may be applied as a coating to either the interior or the exterior of the 491 Electrode structure or material: envelope. This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Subject matter including one or more elec- (3) Note. Included here are devices having trodes having a particular structure or chemical two envelopes where the fluorescent or composition. phosphorescent material may be applied to or embedded in either envelope wall, 492 With shield or additional electrode: however, generally a high pressure dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 491. charge tube is enclosed and supported Subject matter including an additional elec- within a sealed outer envelope which is trode or shielding structure mounted adjacent internally coated with a phosphor. an electrode to protect either the electrode, the envelope, or the fluorescent or phosphorescent SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- coating. CLASS: 461+, for cathode-ray tubes which have a (1) Note. The additional electrode may be a florescent or phosphorescent material starting electrode. applied to the envelope wall. 493 Envelope structure or material: 486 Including particular phosphor: This subclass is indented under subclass 485. This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Subject matter wherein the envelope has a par- Subject matter wherein the chemical composi- ticular configuration or chemical composition. tion, size, shape, or optical property of the phosphor is specified. 494 Coplanar electrodes: This subclass is indented under subclass 483. 487 Plural: Subject matter wherein the electrodes are in the This subclass is indented under subclass 486. same plane. Subject matter wherein there are plural phosphors. 495 Vacuum-type tube: This subclass is indented under subclass 483. 488 Aperture-type tube: Subject matter including an evacuated enve- This subclass is indented under subclass 485. lope, a fluorescent or phosphorescent material Subject matter wherein an aperture or disconti- within the envelope, an electron source, and an nuity is provided in the fluorescent or phospho- anode cooperating to bombard the fluorescent rescent layer or coating or wherein some other or phosphorescent material. means is provided to permit or direct light from the interior of the envelope. 496 Phosphor on anode segments: This subclass is indented under subclass 495. 489 With protective coating or filter: Subject matter wherein the anode is segmented This subclass is indented under subclass 485. and wherein the fluorescent or phosphorescent Subject matter including a film, coating, or ele- material is applied to the segments. ment on the envelope or the fluorescent or phosphorescent material for protection or an 497 With accelerating or control electrode: optical filter to limit the frequency of the emit- This subclass is indented under subclass 496. ted light. Subject matter including an electrode between cathode and anode segments to direct or permit electrons to strike a particular segment.

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498 Solid-state type: 499 Semiconductor depletion layer type: This subclass is indented under subclass 483. This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter in which the luminescent mate- Subject matter in which the solid-state lumi- rial is an insulating material that emits light nescent material is a semiconductor that emits based on the principle of intrinsic lumines- light based on the principle of intrinsic lumi- cence, i.e., where an applied electric field gen- nescence, e.g., pn junction semiconductor type. erates free carriers in the device (since the material, being an insulator, has no free carriers (1) Note. This subclass is limited to subject to be accelerated by the applied field) to initiate matter with only nominal recitation of a light emission mechanism(s) in the material, or luminescent element, i.e., with no signif- other solid-state material (e.g., semiconductor) icant structural details thereof, but with which either operates by a mechanism not recitation of details of a light modifier, `elsewhere classified, or only nominally recites envelope, encapsulation, header, or other a mechanism (e.g., injection luminescence) peripheral feature. elsewhere classified. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. Intrinsic luminescence is to be 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 64+ for distinguished from injection lumines- fluorescent or phosphorescent base cence, the latter being the mechanism of coating, subclasses 74+ for a coating operation of incoherent luminescent process to form a photoemissive ele- active solid state devices which are prop- ment, and subclasses 77+ for a coat- erly classified as ORs in Class 257. Typ- ing process to form an electron ical injection luminescence devices emissive element. include pn junctions (including), Schot- 438, Semiconductor Device Manufactur- tky barriers, metal-insulator-semicon- ing: Process, subclass 29 for methods ductor (MIS) structures, and traveling of making a semiconductor solid-state high speed domains, e.g., Gunn domain device having combined therewith a and acoustoelectric wave generated luminescent material layer. domains. 500 Matrix or array: (2) Note. When structural details of an inco- This subclass is indented under subclass 499. herent light emitting injection solid-state Subject matter including a plurality of semi- type luminescent element are claimed, conductor luminescent material devices dis- classification as an original (OR) is in posed in a regular spaced relationship in two or Class 257. more dimensions with respect to each other.

(3) Note. When structural details of a coher- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ent light emitting solid-state type lumi- 345, Computer Graphics Processing and nescent element are claimed, Selective Visual Display Systems, classification as an original (OR) is in subclasses 44+ and 82+ for selective Class 372. electrically controlled visual display systems. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., 501 Light conversion: Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 499. classes 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118, Subject matter including another luminescent 184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, material which emits light in response to being and 414-466 for radiation-sensitive irradiated by light from the semiconductive active semiconductors injection lumi- luminescent material device. nescent devices, and subclasses 613+ for active semiconductor injection luminescent devices containing group II-VI compounds.

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502 With phosphor embedding material: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 498. 345, Computer Graphics Processing and Subject matter including a material in which a Selective Visual Display Systems, phosphor is implanted. subclasses 33+ for selective electrically controlled visual display sys- 503 With particular phosphor or electrode tems having segmented display material: elements. This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter wherein the phosphor or elec- 511 Flexible: trode composition is specified. This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including two electrodes 504 Organic phosphor: between which the luminescent material is dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 503. posed and wherein the electrodes and lumines- Subject matter wherein the phosphor is an cent material are flexible. organic compound. 512 With envelope or encapsulation: 505 With electrode matrix: This subclass is indented under subclass 498. This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including protective envelope or Subject matter including a plurality of elec- encapsulation means surrounding the lumines- trodes between which the luminescent material cent material. is disposed and wherein at least some of the electrodes are arranged in rows and columns. 513 WITH CHARACTER DISPLAY (E.G., DIGITS OR LETTERS): 506 Plural layers: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 498. tion. Subject matter including an indicia or Subject matter including more than one layer indicating scale formed on or within the enve- of material disposed between two electrodes lope of the device. and wherein one of the layers is luminescent. (1) Note. The filament or electrodes of the (1) Note. The plural layers may, for exam- device may be formed into the shape of ple, be two or more luminescent layers. indicia or have indicia or a scale formed thereon. 507 With photosensitive layer: This subclass is indented under subclass 506. (2) Note. See the class definition for the Subject matter including a photosenstive layer. classification of electric lamps including those of the discharge device type, and (1) Note. The photosensitive layer may be cathode ray discharge devices combined photoconductive or photo-emissive. with a separable support for the lamp or discharge device (e.g., electric signs 508 With piezoelectric layer: which include a lamp and a mounting This subclass is indented under subclass 506. panel). Subject matter including a piezoelectric layer. (3) Note. See the class definition for the 509 With dielectric layer: classification of electric lamps, including This subclass is indented under subclass 506. those of the discharge device type, and Subject matter including a dielectric layer. cathode ray discharge devices combined with a separable casing or jacket for the 510 With character display (e.g., digits or let- lamp or discharge device (e.g., electric ters): signs which include a lamp and a casing, This subclass is indented under subclass 498. oscillographs with casings). Subject matter including an electrode in the shape of a character or wherein the luminescent (4) Note. See the class definition for the material is so shaped. classification of electric lamps including

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those of the discharge device type and cathode ray discharge devices in combi- 515 With character-shaped envelope: nation with a separable optical device This subclass is indented under subclass 514. (e.g., mirror, reflector, etc.), for the lamp Subject matter including an envelope in the or discharge device. shape of a character confining the gaseous discharge medium. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 516 Electrode with character-shaped aperture: 107.5, for variable width electron stream dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 514. charge device which have a fluores- Subject matter including at least one electrode cent screen or other anode having a having a character shaped aperture. scale or indicia formed thereon (e.g., magic eye-type tubes). 517 With electrode display segments: 462, for cathode-ray tubes which are pro- This subclass is indented under subclass 514. vided with targets or ray receiving Subject matter including a plurality of elec- means which have a scale or indicia trode segments which form a character. formed thereon. 518 With dielectric layer or coating: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 517. 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, Subject matter including a dielectric (insulat- subclasses 541+ for illuminated signs ing) layer of material between electrode seg- which include electric lamps of the ments. type classified in this subclass in Class 313 in combination with separa- 519 Multiple display (i.e., side-by-side): ble sign supporting structure for the This subclass is indented under subclass 517. lamp. Subject matter including a plurality of charac- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ter displays juxtaposed. Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for miscellaneous systems, 520 With integrant display electrode: for supplying electrical energy to This subclass is indented under subclass 514. electric lamps and gas or vapor type Subject matter including a display electrode discharge devices, including such wherein a single electrode is in the shape of a lamps and discharge devices as have character. indicia as a part thereof. 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 521 Stacked electrodes (i.e., superimposed): subclass 122 for spark gaps having This subclass is indented under subclass 520. scales for indicating the separation of Subject matter including a plurality of integrant the electrodes, and designed for use as display electrodes arranged one behind the voltmeters. other. 345, Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, 522 Incandescent filament display: subclasses 33+ for selective electri- This subclass is indented under subclass 513. cally controlled visual display sys- Subject matter including a filament in the tems having segmented display shape of a character. elements. 523 PHOTOSENSITIVE: 514 Gaseous discharge medium: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 513. tion. Subject matter which includes an electric Subject matter including a gaseous medium in lamp or discharge device having an electrode which a discharge may take place. or electrical element which will react photo- electrically to electromagnetic radiation of the visible and certain invisible types not classified elsewhere.

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220, Receptacles, subclass 2.1 for an enve- (1) Note. “Photoelectric” is the effect of lope of an electric lamp or similar electromagnetic radiation on material device. which causes photoconductive, photoe- 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 200 for pho- missive, photovoltaic and photoelectro- tocell circuits and apparatus, sub- magnetic effects. classes 330+ for infrared to visible imaging, and subclasses 336.1+ for (2) Note. Included are lamp or discharge invisible radiant energy responsive devices responsive to X-ray, ultraviolet, electric signalling. visile and infrared radiation. 252, Compositions, subclass 501.1 for light sensitive electrically conductive (3) Note. Also included are subcombina- or emissive compositions. tions of an electric lamp or discharge 257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., device having a photosensitive member, Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), sub- incomplete photosensitive devices of classes 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118, this class which will react photoelectri- 184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, cally when completed and photocath- and 414-466 for radiation-sensitive odes not classified else where. active semiconductor devices, subclasses 13, 79-103, and 918 for inco- (4) Note. Included are photocathodes, per herent light emitting injection se. luminescent devices, subclasses 80-85 for semiconductor light emitting SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sources combined with semiconductor CLASS: light responsive devices, and sub- 1+, for a structurally combined lamp and classes 613+ for active semiconductor discharge device, plural lamps or plu- injection luminescent devices contain- ral discharge devices. ing group II-VI compounds. 7+, for a lamp or discharge device with a 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- vacuum pump. nection Systems, subclass 117 for 11+, for a lamp or discharge device with a switching systems responsive to light temperature modifier. or radiant energy. 54+, for a lamp or discharge device with 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge radioactive material. Devices: Systems, subclasses 149+ 93, for a geiger-mueller counter tube. for such a system with radiant energy 373+, for a cathode-ray tube with a photoe- sensitive control means. missive cathode. 318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 384+, for a cathode-ray tube with a photo- subclass 640 for photoelectric or opti- conductive cathode. cal error detecting positional servo systems, and subclass 480 for radiant SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: energy responsive automatic and/or 65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses with time delay means motive power 138+ for electronic envelope header, systems. terminal or stem making means. 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photo- subclasses 403+ for electric lamp or electric, subclasses 243+ for a photo- discharge device testing. electric device, particularly subclass 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- 254 for photoemissive devices. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 317+ for subclasses 514+ for miscellaneous coated stock material which can be a circuits responsive to light. photocathode. 331, Oscillators, subclass 66 for a light 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave responsive oscillator. Energy, subclasses 192.1+ for form- 338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 15+ ing a photosensitive member by cath- for electric resistors which change ode sputtering.

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resistance responsive to electromagnetic radiation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 348, Television, appropriate subclasses. CLASS: 356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, par- 110+, for electric lamp or discharge with an ticularly subclasses 402+ for testing integral optical device or special ray shade or color and subclasses 213+ transmissive envelope. for photometers. 371+, for a cathode-ray tube with an optical 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and element. Devices, subclasses 173+ for control circuits for electromagnetic devices SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: including light responsive control cir- 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 216+ for cuits. optical or photocell systems. 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or 348, Television, subclasses 195+ for Devices, subclasses 1+ for specific mechanical optical scanning. applications. 356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, par- 396, Photography, subclasses 213+ for a ticularly 73.1 for optical fiber testing, photographic exposure control circuit subclasses 124+ for a lens or reflec- which is light responsive. tive image former testing and sub- 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 74+ for classes 128+ for refraction testing. processes of making photocathodes 359, Optical Systems and Elements, sub- by coating a base and subclasses 160+ classes 350+ for optics having signifi- for X-ray, ultraviolet or infrared cant infrared or ultraviolet properties, responsive coatings. subclasses 838+ for a reflector, sub- 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti- classes 885+ for a filter, subclasses cles, subclasses 98+ for a structurally 642+ for a lens. defined web or sheet which may have 362, Illumination, subclass 551 for a light photosensitive properties. source and modifier and subclasses 438, Semiconductor Device Manufactur- 317+ for a light modifier. ing: Process, subclass 20 for methods 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or of making semiconductor-based elec- Devices, subclass 140 for an X-ray tron emitters, subclasses 22+ for discharge device having a special ray methods of making light emissive transmissive window. semiconductor devices, and sub- 385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses 57+ for methods of making classes for a light transmitting fiber, light responsive semiconductor waveguide or rod. devices. 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge 525 Having phosphor screen: Component or Device Manufacturing, This subclass is indented under subclass 523. subclasses 1+ for a method of manu- Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge facture, repair or salvage and sub- device includes within an envelope a photoe- classes 66+ for apparatus used in missive cathode or element which responds to manufacture, repair or salvage electromagnetic radiation to emit electrons and 455, Telecommunications, subclass 600 for a phosphor screen which converts, (1) the elec- light wave communications. trons emitted by the electrode or device into electromagnetic radiation, or (2) electromag- 524 With optical device: netic radiation into different electromagnetic This subclass is indented under subclass 523. radiation to which the electrode or member is Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge responsive to emit electrons. device includes an optical element of the physical type integral therewith. (1) Note. The envelope is transmissive to electromagnetic radiation received (1) Note. See the class definitions for an through it from outside the envelope and optical device not integral with a Class transmissive of the electromagentic radi- 313 device.

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ation released by the screen from the 378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or inside of the envelope. Devices, subclass 42 for stereofluo- roscopy and subclasses 44+ for fluo- (2) Note. See the class definitions, “Fluo- rescent applications. rescent and Phosphorescent Coating and 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 64+ for Compositions” for a classification of coating processes, per se, wherein the such fluorescent and phosphorescent product is an electrical product with a compositions, coatings, methods of coat- fluorescent or phosphorescent base or ing and electrical devices using the coating. same. 526 Proximity focus type: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 525. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the electrode is a pho- 461+, for cathode-ray tube with phosphor tocathode having an extensive area so that an screen. electromagnetic radiation image external to the 483+, for an electric lamp or discharge device may be projected onto the photocath- device with a luminescent solid or liq- ode, through the envelope, to emit electrons in uid material. the shape of the electromagentic radiation image and the screen is placed close enough to SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: the cathode so that no focusing is required to 216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, sub- have the electron image impact the screen. class 25 for the manufacturing of a phosphor screen involving etching. 527 Photocathode responsive to phosphor: 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 213+ for This subclass is indented under subclass 525. light amplifier circuits, subclasses Subject matter wherein the phosphor screen is 337+ for invisible radiant energy responsive to electromagnetic radiation hitting responsive signalling with heating of the phosphor to convert the radiation to a lower luminophors, subclasses 361+ for frequency of radiation to which the photoemis- invisible radiant energy responsive sive cathode is responsive, the lower frequency electric signalling including a lumino- electromagnetic radiation upon hitting the pho- phor, particularly subclass 366 hav- toemissive cathode causes the photoemissive ing plural or composite phosphors, cathode to emit electrons in the response to the subclasses 458.1+ for a radiation lower frequency. source and a luminophor responsive to the source and subclasses 483.1+ 528 With electron multiplier: for nonelectrical luminescent devices, This subclass is indented under subclass 525. per se, which detect invisible radia- Subject matter which includes between the tion. photoemissive cathode and the phosphor 252, Compositions, subclass 301.16 for screen an electrode which emits, upon being hit organic luminescent material contain- by an electron emitted by the photoemissive ing compositions, subclass 301.36 for cathode, a plurality of secondary electrons to inorganic luminescent compositions increase the magnitude of the electron current with organic nonluminescent material which impact on the phosphor screen. and subclasses 301.4+ for inorganic luminescent compositions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 362, Illumination, subclass 34 for chemilu- CLASS: minescent light, subclass 84 for a light 103+, for a secondary emitter type discharge source or light source support and device. luminescent material and subclass 260 399+, for a cathode-ray tube having a sec- for a fluorescent type light source or ondary emissive electrode. light source support and modifier.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. Included here are a plurality of 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 207 for a photosensitive cathodes with one or circuit having a photocell with an more anodes within a common envelope. electron multiplier. 329, Demodulators, appropriate subclass SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 359 for a demodulator using second- CLASS: ary emission. 329, for a photosensitive mosaic electrode, 330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for an ampli- per se. fier with a secondary electron emis- 375, for a cathode-ray tube with plural sion amplifying device. photoemissive layers.

529 With control electrode: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 525. 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 208.2+ Subject matter which includes between the for a photocell controlled circuit hav- photoemissive cathode and the phosphor ing plural photocells or plural photo- screen an electrical element to control the pho- sensitive electrodes. toemissive electrons emitted by the cathode. 532 Photomultiplier: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 523. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the discharge device 103+, for a secondary emitter type lamp or includes a secondary electron emissive elec- discharge devices. trode which emits secondary electrons as a 399+, for a cathode-ray tube with a second- result of the photoelectrons from a photocath- ary emissive electrode. ode hitting the secondary electron emissive 532+, for a photosensitive lamp or discharge electrode. device having a secondary electron emissive electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 103, for secondary emitter type electric 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 207 for a lamp or discharge device. photocell controlled circuit having a 399+, for a cathode-ray tube with a second- secondary emissive electron multi- ary emissive electrode. plier. 538, for gas phototubes wherein the ion- 329, Demodulators, subclasses 148+ for a ized gas is an electron secondary demodulator and detector with sec- emission multiplier. ondary emission. 330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for an ampli- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: fier with secondary electron emission 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 207 for a tube amplifying device. photocell controlled circuit with an electron multiplier. 530 With photocathode on envelope: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Devices: Systems, subclass 11 for Subject matter wherein the photoemissive cath- cathode-ray tube circuits with radiant ode is on the envelope wall. energy sensitive control means having a secondary emission stage in the 531 Having plural photosensitive electrodes: cathode-ray tube, and subclass 12.1 This subclass is indented under subclass 523. for a cathode-ray tube with a second- Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge ary emission stage in the cathode-ray device includes a plurality of photosensitive tube. electrodes within a common envelope. 329, Demodulators, subclass 359 for such a device with secondary emission.

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330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for an amplifier with a secondary electron emis- 537 Having a control electrode: sion amplifying device. This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter including an electrical element 533 Having plural dynodes: to control the electrical current flow in the This subclass is indented under subclass 532. operation of the lamp or discharge device. Subject matter wherein there are a plurality of secondary emissive electrodes. (1) Note. In addition to electrodes to control the current produced by the lamp or dis- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- charge device, there are elements which CLASS: emit electrons under the action of radia- 104+, for a lamp or discharge device having tion to control the current produced by plural secondary emissive electrodes. the lamp or discharge device.

534 Channel or circular type: (2) Note. The term “control” includes the This subclass is indented under subclass 533. rate of current flow, the focusing of the Subject matter including, (1) a plurality of pas- current in the device, and separation of sageways to direct the photoelectrons emitted positive ions resulting from gas bombar- by the photocathode and each passageway has ment within the device. a surface which emits secondary electrons as a result of the photoemitted electrons hitting the (3) Note. The control electrode may be pho- secondary electron emissive surface in its tosensitive rather than acting in an elec- travel through the passageway, or (2) plural trostatic manner to influence the current dynodes placed serially in a circular manner. within the device. The control electrode can be controlled by photosensitive SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- means. CLASS: 103, for a lamp or discharge device having SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a channel multiplier. CLASS: 105, for a lamp or discharge device with 308, for discharge device including a con- three or more channel multipliers. trol electrode.

535 Venetian blind type: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 533. 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 222.1+ Subject matter wherein there are a plurality of for photocell circuit or apparatus. spaced slat-like secondary electron emissive 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge electrodes at an angle to the direction of move- Devices: Systems, subclasses 149+ ment of photoemissive electrons emitted by the for systems having a lamp or dis- photoemissive cathode. charge device to control a lamp or discharge device. 536 Box or linear type: This subclass is indented under subclass 523. 538 Gas phototube: Subject matter wherein there are plural serial This subclass is indented under subclass 523. secondary electron electrodes wherein, (1) Subject matter wherein there is an ionizable there are two successive box-like secondary gas within an envelope and the electrode is electroemissive electrodes alternately on each photoemissive so that photoelectrons hitting side of an imaginary plane, or (2) there is a sec- the gas causes the gas to ionize to release addi- ondary electron emissive electrode alternately tional electrons. on each side of an imaginary plane. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 532+, for a vacuum tube photomultiplier. 567+, for a lamp or discharge device having gas or vapor.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for a 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 208.2+ gas phototube circuit or apparatus, for photocell controlled circuit having subclasses 374+ for invisible radiant plural anodes or cathodes. energy responsive electric signalling device having a gas responsive to the 541 Having photocathode on tube wall: invisible radiant energy rather than a This subclass is indented under subclass 523. photocathode. Subject matter wherein the photoemissive cath- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ode is on the envelope wall. Devices: Systems, subclasses 149+ for an electric lamp or discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- device system including a radiant CLASS: energy sensitive control means. 530, for a photosensitive lamp or discharge device having a phosphor screen and a 539 Responsive to ultraviolet radiation: photocathode on the lamp or dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 523. charge envelope. Subject matter wherein the electrode is a pho- 538, for a gas phototube having a photo- toemissive cathode responsive to ultraviolet cathode on the envelope wall. radiation. 544, for a photocathode combined with an envelope. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110+, for a lamp or discharge device with an 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 74+ for optical device or a special ray trans- photoelectric coating on a member missive envelope. which is an electrical product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 542 Photocathode: 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 372+ for This subclass is indented under subclass 523. an invisible radiant energy responsive Subject matter wherein the electrode absorbs electric signalling system having infrared, visible, or ultraviolet electromagnetic ultraviolet responsive means. radiation so that some of the electrons of the material absorb enough energy as a result of 540 Having plural anodes or cathodes: the electromagnetic radiation to escape from This subclass is indented under subclass 523. the surface of the material. Subject matter wherein the lamp or discharge device includes a plurality of anodes or cath- (1) Note. Photocathodes claimed as bases odes within a common envelope. with coatings or layers which emit electrons upon irradiation by electromag- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- netic radiation of the ultraviolet, visible, CLASS: infrared light are classified here. 302, for discharge devices with an apertured electrode interposed between (2) Note. See the class definition for a dis- two electrodes where there are plural cussion on electrodes. cathodes. 303, for discharge devices with an aper- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tured electrode interposed between CLASS: two electrodes where there are plural 326+, for an electrode, per se, which may be anodes. a photocathode or photosensitive and 306, for other discharge devices having a used in a lamp or discharge device, plurality of anodes or cathodes. particularly subclass 329 for mosaic electrodes which includes photosensitive mosaic electrodes. 329, for mosaic photosensitive electrodes.

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365+, for a cathode-ray tube with a photosensitive electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 367+, for cathode-ray tubes having mosaic CLASS: potosensitive electrodes. 364+, for an image pickup tube with a photoemissive cathode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 532+, for a photomultiplier which includes a 140, Wireworking, subclass 71.5 for elec- photoemissive cathode within an tric lamp or discharge device elec- envelope. trode making or forming. 538, for a gas or vapor phototube which 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 317+ for includes a photoemissive cathode coated stock material. within an envelope. 252, Compositions, subclass 501.1 for 541, for a phototube having a photocathode electrically emissive photosensitive on the tube wall. compositions. 427, Coating Processes, subclasses 74+ for 545 HAVING VALVE WITH GETTER, GAS/ photoelectric coating processes. VAPOR GENERATING MATERIAL OR 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge PRESSURE CONTROL MEANS: Component or Device Manufacturing, This subclass is indented under the class defini- subclasses 35+ for processes of tion. Subject matter which includes as electric assembling an electrode, subclasses lamp or a discharge device having an envelope 46+ for processes of making an elec- with an opening, a passageway with a device to trode and subclasses 60+ for corre- close or open the passageway connected to the sponding apparatus, especially opening to permit the passage of gas or vapor subclass 67 for electrode assembly including a getter into or out of the envelope means. for the purpose of controlling the operation including the regulation of the gas or vapor 543 With phosphor: pressure of the lamp or discharge device. This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Subject matter which includes a phosphor (1) Note. The subcombination of the valve screen which is, (1) responsive to electromag- for an electric lamp or discharge device netic radiation to change the frequency of the is here unless provided for elsewhere. electromagnetic radiation to electromagnetic energy to which the photoemissive electrode is (2) Note. The reservoir for the gas or vapor responsive to emit photoemissive electrons to be admitted to the lamp or discharge from its surface, or (2) responsive to the photo- device can be also claimed. emissive electrons emitted by the photoemissive electrode as a result of the bombardment (3) Note. The purpose may be for pressure by the electromagnetic radiation. regulation of the gas or vapor pressure of the lamp or discharge device or for get- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tering an unwanted gas or vapor. CLASS: 483+, for a lamp or discharge device with a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- luminescent solid or liquid material. CLASS: 525+, for a lamp or discharge device of the 7, for a lamp or discharge device with an photosensitive type having a phosphor evacuating pump. screen responsive to a photocathode 11+, for a lamp, discharge device or elec- or a photocathode responsive to a trode combined with means to modify phosphor screen. the temperature of the lamp, discharge device or electrode or some other part 544 With envelope: thereof. This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter which includes a container gen- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: erally to enclose the photocathode. 137, Fluid Handling, subclass 251.1 for liquid valves, per se.

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141, Fluent Material Handling, With 252, Compositions, subclasses 181.1+ for Receiver or Receiver Coacting getter compositions or gas or vapor Means, subclass 8 for processes of generating material compositions exhausting a lamp envelope, and which may be stored in a capsule. inserting a gas or vapor into the 417, Pumps, subclasses 48+ for electric or exhausted envelope. getter type pumps where the claims do 222, Dispensing, subclasses 3+ for gas or not state the gettering action is within vapor dispensing into an evacuated a lamp or discharge device (single dis- envelope by the use of a valve. closure appears to control the classifi- 251, Valves and Valve Actuation, for a cation). valve. 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing, Devices: Systems, subclass 110 for subclasses 9+ for a process which valve controlled confined gas or vapor includes generating gas or vapor or load device with pressure regulating coating by gas vapor, mist or smoke means. within an envelope combined with an 411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, assembly operation, subclass 16 for a Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded process of gas introduction into an Fastener, subclasses 52+ for expan- electric lamp or discharge device with sion and contraction of pump fluid generating gas or vapor within the processes. envelope, subclass 19 for a process which includes the generating a gas or 546 WITH FRANGIBLE CAPSULE CON- vapor, mist or smoke within an TAINING GETTER, GAS OR VAPOR envelop which requires induction GENERATING MATERIAL: heating to release the generated mate- This subclass is indented under the class defini- rial, subclasses 38+ for a process tion. Subject matter which includes a sealed which includes the evacuation of a capsule holding a getter or a gas or vapor gen- lamp or discharge device and some erating material, capable of being opened other operation, subclasses 53+ for a within the envelope so that the material can process which includes evacuation, enter the inside of the envelope to perform degasification or gas, vapor or liquid some function. introduction into a lamp or discharge device envelope and the step of getter- (1) Note. The container can be unsealed by ing within the envelope and sub- breaking the container, melting at least a classes 70 and 73 for apparatus to portion of the container, penetrating the evacuate, degasify and/or gas, vapor container, or destroying the sealed con- or liquid introduction into a lamp or tainer in any way to cause the material to discharge envelope. enter the inside of the envelope. 547 HAVING HEATING MEANS TO CON- (2) Note. Here is the subcombination of an TROL GAS/VAPOR, GAS OR VAPOR envelope of a lamp or discharge device GENERATING MEANS OR GETTER and a frangible container with material MEANS: within the inside of the envelope. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which includes an enve- (3) Note. Material in the container may be lope for a lamp or discharge device, at least an solid, gas or liquid. electrode within the envelope and electric heating means to maintain or control the tempera- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ture or the pressure of gas or vapor within 141, Fluent Material Handling, With certain limits within the envelope, to cause the Receiver or Receiver Coacting generation of gas or vapor within the envelope Means, subclass 7 for a gas or vapor or to control a getter within the envelope to in a receiver with the evacuation of remove a gas or vapor from the gas to vapor the receiver for processes. within the tube.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 550 Vapor generating: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 547. 552, for a gas or vapor lamp of discharge Subject matter wherein the electric heating device having pressure control of the means is used to create a vapor from material gas or vapor generally. within the envelope. 553+, for a lamp or discharge device having a getter. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 548 Incandescent lamp gettering: 564+, for a lamp or discharge device having This subclass is indented under subclass 547. vapor generating material where no Subject matter wherein the electric heating additional heating means is claimed. means is used for the purpose of heating getter material within the envelope to remove 551 Gas generating: unwanted gas or vapor from the gas or vapor This subclass is indented under subclass 547. within the envelope of an incandescent lamp. Subject matter wherein the electric heating means is used to create a gas from material SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- within the envelope. CLASS: 315+, for an incandescent lampgenerally. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 557, for an incandescent lamp and getter CLASS: including getter material where no 563, for a lamp or discharge device having additional heating means to heat the gas generating material where no getter is claimed. additional heating means is claimed. 578+, for a gas or vapor incandescent lamp. 552 HAVING PRESSURE CONTROL OF GAS 549 Discharge device gettering: OR VAPOR: This subclass is indented under subclass 547. This subclass is indented under the class defini- Subject matter wherein the electric heating tion. Subject matter which includes a gas or means is used for the purpose of heating the vapor within the envelope, at least an electrode getter material within the envelope to remove within the envelope and material of structure to unwanted gas or vapor from the gas or vapor release or take up gas vapor within the enve- within the envelope of an electrical discharge lope to control the pressure of the gas or vapor device. within the envelope.

(1) Note. Here the getter or the getter sup- (1) Note. Here gas or vapor may be added port may be part of the heating means. or subtracted from the gas or vapor within the envelope to control the pres- (2) Note. Included are electrical resistance, sure or the temperature of the gas or induction or any other type of electric vapor within the envelope more than one heaters for the purpose of heating the time. getter in the envelope. (2) Note. The lamp or discharge device SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- itself in its normal operation creates the CLASS: energy which controls the material or 553+, for a discharge device of the gas, structure to release or remove gas or vapor or the vacuum type with a getter vapor from the amount of gas or vapor whether it is a lamp or electronic tube within the lamp or discharge device. where no additional heating means is claimed. (3) Note. Pressure control requires the abil- ity to add or subtract gas or vapor from the gas or vapor within the envelope. The temperature of the gas or vapor

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determines whether gas or vapor is added to subtracted. 555 Diverse: This subclass is indented under subclass 554. (4) Note. The vacuum of a vacuum tube is Subject matter wherein the plural getters considered to be pressure on the gas or include at least two different elements, or com- vapor within the envelope. pounds, or an element and a compound within the envelope of the electric lamp or discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- device. CLASS: 11+, for a lamp or discharge device with a (1) Note. A getter may change an element temperature modifier. or a compound within the sealed enve- 547+, for pressure control of gas or vapor lope into other substances and a second using heating means rather than the getter may in turn change the resulting heat evolved during the operation of products of the first gettering action into the tube. other chemical substances.

553 WITH GETTER: (2) Note. Here the plural diverse getters This subclass is indented under the class defini- may be in name only and may affect the tion. Subject matter including a lamp or dis- same unwanted element or compound charge device having a gas or vapor within an within the envelope. envelope detrimental to the operation of the lamp or discharge device and a material to 556 And vapor generator: remove the detrimental gas or vapor or lessen This subclass is indented under subclass 553. the amount of the detrimental gas or vapor in Subject matter which includes, in addition to the atmosphere of the envelope. the getter, a material to produce a vapor within the envelope. (1) Note. The subcombination of an envelope and a getter within the envelope 557 Incandescent lamp type: will be placed in this group of sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 553. classes. Subject matter wherein there is an incandescent filament within the envelope. (2) Note. The getter receives heat from the filament of a lamp, a cathode heater of a 558 Electrode includes getter, supports getter or tube, or the electrical discharge of a tube. is connected to getter: This subclass is indented under subclass 553. (3) Note. Getters may be of the absorption, Subject matter including an electrode which, adsorption, chemical reaction type or by (1) includes getter material, (2) supports a get- any means solely within the envelope. ter, or (3) is connected to a getter.

(4) Note. Support structure for a getter or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- with a getter where the only disclosure is CLASS: for an electric lamp or discharge device 559, for a getter mounted on an electrode will be placed with the appropriate sub- support. class as a subcombination not elsewhere classified. 559 Mounted on electrode support: This subclass is indented under subclass 553. (5) Note. Getter materials for vacuum tubes Subject matter wherein the getter or getter are classified in this subclass. material is mounted on a support for an electrode. 554 Plural: This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein there are at least two getter materials or structures within the envelope of the lamp or discharge device.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 563 HAVING GAS GENERATING MATE- CLASS: RIAL: 558, for a getter, forming part of an elec- This subclass is indented under the class defini- trode, supported by an electrode or tion. Subject matter which includes an enve- connected to an electrode. lope for a lamp or discharge device, at least an electrode or a filament and a material within 560 With structure to direct or shield from get- the envelope capable of emitting a gas. ter: This subclass is indented under subclass 553. (1) Note. The subcombination of an enve- Subject matter which includes structure to lope of a lamp or discharge device and a direct or cause the gas or vapor of the sup- gas within the envelope and a material ported getter to be deposited only in certain which will generate a gas is here in the areas within the envelope. absence of another class to take this subcombination. Also an electrode, per se, (1) Note. The subcombination of a dis- with gas generating material is here. charge envelope with a support for a getter with a directional type outlet is SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- classified here. CLASS: 551, for gas generating means within the (2) Note. Classified here are getters within a envelope having heating means other discharge device envelope having an than the heat developed in the opera- electrode with a shield to prevent the tion of the lamp or discharge device. getter material from being deposited in unwanted areas of the tube or with a con- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: tainer with an outlet to have the getter 206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub- material leave the container in a prede- classes 0.6+ for a receptacle with a termined direction. gas therein. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices: Systems, subclass 108 for CLASS: gas or vapor type load device with 481, for a cathode-ray tube with a getter. pressure regulating means and sub- 558, for a getter, part of an electrode, sup- classes 111.01+ for a discharge device ported by an electrode or connected to load with fluent material supply to an electrode. discharge space. 565, for a contained getter without means 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and to direct the gas or vapor of the getter. Devices, subclass 120 for gas filled space discharge device in safety and 561 With contained getter: protection of systems and devices to This subclass is indented under subclass 553. dissipate high voltage arcs. Subject matter which includes a getter material supported by a holder. 564 HAVING VAPOR GENERATING MATE- RIAL: 562 Gas or vapor device type: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 553. tion. Subject matter which includes an enve- Subject matter wherein the getter is used in a lope for an electric lamp or discharge device, at gas or vapor type tube. least an electrode and a substance capable of being vaporized within the envelope. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. A vapor is the gasified state of a 553, for a vacuum tube getter. liquid or a solid material.

(2) Note. No electrical heating means is claimed to change the substance from a

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solid or a liquid to a vapor. See subclass 550 for heating means to heat vapor gen- 568 Having a particular total or partial pres- erating material. In this subclass the heat sure: evolved in the operation of the tube This subclass is indented under subclass 567. changes the vaporizable substance to a Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor pres- vapor. sure within the envelope is stated as being a specific pressure or in a range of pressures. (3) Note. The subcombination of an envelope of a lamp or discharge device and a (1) Note. The unit of pressure, torr, is the material capable of being vaporized is same as a millimeter of pressure. here in the absence of a class to take the subcombination. (2) Note. The patents are placed on the basis of the highest pressure of the total SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or the partial pressure recited in the CLASS: claim. 550, for a lamp or discharge device having electrical heating means to vaporize (3) Note. Here are patents which include a material. gas or vapor fill of less than one torr, but 554, for temperature or pressure control of greater than .1 torr. a gas or vapor. 555, for a lamp or discharge device having SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a getter which is a vapor generating CLASS: material. 233, for a lamp or discharge device which 571, for a lamp or discharge device enve- is defined in terms of the degree of lope with a gas or vapor fill. vacuum within the envelope of the lamp or discharge device. However, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: claims reciting a gas or vapor at less 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and than 0.1 torr are classified in subclass Devices, subclasses 2+ particularly 14 577. for arc blowout for main breaker con- 549, for a lamp or discharge device having tact by means of a fluid or gas and a heating means to control the gas or subclass 121 for high voltage dissipa- vapor pressure within the envelope of tion by means of a fluid. the lamp or discharge device. 552, for a lamp or discharge device having 565 Mercury vapor material: means to control the gas or vapor This subclass is indented under subclass 564. pressure within the envelope of the Subject matter wherein the substance to be lamp or discharge device, using the vaporized is mercury. heat developed in the operation of the lamp or discharge device. 566 Electrode or electrode support includes 637, for a lamp or discharge device having material: a particular gas or vapor including This subclass is indented under subclass 564. mixtures of gases or vapors. Subject matter wherein the electrode composition or structure or the support for the electrode 569 Incandescent lamp: includes the substance capable of being vapor- This subclass is indented under subclass 568. ized. Subject matter which includes a filament type lamp. 567 WITH GAS OR VAPOR: This subclass is indented under the class defini- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion. Subject matter which includes a lamp or CLASS: discharge device having a gas or vapor within 315+, for incandescent glower or filament an envelope. type lamps with or without an enclosing envelope.

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548, for incandescent lamp gettering by heating means. 574 With electrode structure: 557, for incandescent lamp with getter This subclass is indented under subclass 572. including gettering and gettering Subject matter which includes a structural material. detail of an electrode. 578+, for a gas or vapor type incandescent lamp. (1) Note. For electrode material or composition, see subclasses 568+. 570 Greater than 760 torr: This subclass is indented under subclass 568. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor pres- CLASS: sure is in excess of one atomsphere. 238+, for a lamp or discharge device with a support and/or spacing structure for (1) Note. One torr is equal to one millimeter electrode and/or shield. of pressure. 326+, for lamp or discharge device electrode or shield structures, per se. 571 Includes mercury in gas or vapor fill: 615, for a gas or vapor discharge device This subclass is indented under subclass 570. having a crater electrode and a shield. Subject matter which includes mercury in the 617, for a gas vapor discharge device hav- gas or vapor. ing a spur electrode. 618, for a gas or vapor discharge device 572 One torr thru 760 torr: having a hollow cathode. This subclass is indented under subclass 568. 622, for a gas or vapor discharge device Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor pres- having diverse electrodes. sure within the envelope is from one torr to and 630, for a gas or discharge device having including 760 torr. an electrode of alkali, alkaline, or rare earth material. 573 Having specified envelope detail: 631+, for a gas or vapor discharge device This subclass is indented under subclass 572. having particular electrode structure. Subject matter wherein the envelope is defined 633, for a gas or vapor discharge device in terms of some envelope feature. having cathode or anode of composition. (1) Note. The feature may be structural, or composition, or some optical feature, but 575 Composite: not merely transparent, translucent, This subclass is indented under subclass 574. sealed or vitreous. Subject matter including an electrode made of more than one part or material. (2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents to both envelope detail and elec- (1) Note. Here are electrodes having a base trode detail. material with a coated, or layered type electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (2) Note. The composite electrode is gener- 317+, for a lamp or discharge device having ally a cathode having a low work func- a particular envelope. tion material to increase electron 634+, for a gas or vapor discharge device emission. envelope having particular structure including envelopes with a layer or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- coating or material. CLASS: 636, for a gas or vapor discharge device 352+, for composite electrodes. having a particular envelope composition. 576 With rare gas: This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter which also includes noble gas.

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341+, for a lamp only with significant fila- (1) Note. The rare gases are helium, neon, ment or glower structure. argon, krypton or xenon. These gases 557, for a getter integral with an incandes- are also know as the noble or inert gases. cent lamp. 563, for a lamp having a gas generating SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- material. CLASS: 564+, for a lamp having vapor generating 641, for a lamp or discharge device having material. a mercury vapor, rare earth metal and a rare gas atomsphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 642, for a lamp or discharge device includ- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge ing a mercury vapor and a rare gas Devices: Systems, particularly sub- atmosphere. class 46 for a combined load device or 643, for a lamp or discharge device includ- load device temperature modifying ing one or more rare gases. means wherein there is a filament, electric heater, or resistance in shunt 577 Less than .1 torr: with the discharge electrodes of a dis- This subclass is indented under subclass 568. charge device load, subclass 49 for a Subject matter wherein the total or partical filament or electric in series with a pressure of the gas or vapor is below one-tenth discharge device load and subclasses torr. 82+ for headlight systems.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 579 Tungsten-halogen cycle lamp: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 578. 233, for lamp or discharge devices which Subject matter wherein the filament is tungsten are defined in terms of the magnitude and the gas includes, (1) a hologen, or (2) a of the vacuum of the lamp or dis- halogen compound containing gas, or (3) a charge device. halogen compound within the envelope.

578 Incandescent filament lamp: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. CLASS: Subject matter which includes an electrical fil- 548, for a lamp or discharge device having ament capable of being energized within the heating means to control an incandes- envelope so that the filament as a result of the cent lamp getter. energization is heated to emit electromagnetic 557, for an incandescent lamp having a radiation. getter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 580 With filter, barrier, screen, shield, electric CLASS: terminal or fuse: 37, for a lamp or discharge device with a This subclass is indented under subclass 578. temperature modifier for a filament or Subject matter which includes, (1) a physical heated cathode. screen to trap unwanted material as vaporized 110+, for an incandescent lamp having an filament material, (2) a screen or shield for pre- optical device or a a special ray trans- venting an explosion, or fire within the lamp, missive envelope intergal therewith. (3) a quick make and break electrical connector 315+, for incandescent lamp having a attached to the filament, (4) a barrier to contain glower or filament adapted to be or impede the circulation of gas or vapor within heated to incandescence by passage of the envelope, or (5) an integral fuse in circuit current therethrough. with the filament. 317+, for significant envelope or envelope and base structure and a filament or light emitter body in name only or broadly and no relationship to other parts of the lamp.

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notes for systems for supplying elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trical energy to gas or vapor discharge CLASS: devices which have a plurality of 579, for tungsten filament-halogen cycle cathodes and/or anodes and sub- lamps that lessens blackening of the classes 349+ and the subclasses cited lamp envelope. in the notes thereto for systems supplying electrical energy to gas or SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: vapor type discharge devices which 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for appa- have a control electrode. ratus for gas separation, per se. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 582 Multiple gaseous discharge display panel: Devices: Systems, subclasses 119+ This subclass is indented under subclass 581. for an electric lamp with an automatic Subject matter wherein the envelope has an shunt or cut-off. extended viewing surface, a first set and a sec- 337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Ther- ond set of electrode, of the second set produce mally Actuated Switches, subclasses a point of light in the ionized gas to form a 142+ for fusible element actuated visual display. switch. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 611+ for a quick make or break elec- 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge trical connector with a vitreous enve- Devices: Systems, subclass 169.4 for lope secured to contact or coupling a gas display panel device having part. diverse type energizing or bias supplies to different electrodes of a plural 581 Three or more electrode discharge device: anode and/or cathode load device. This subclass is indented under subclass 567. 345, Computer Graphics Processing and Subject matter wherein the discharge device Selective Visual Display Systems, includes at least three electrodes within the subclasses 41+ for selective electri- envelope. cally controlled visual display systems having segmented, fluid, light- (1) Note. See the glossary for the definition emitting display elements, and sub- of the term “electrode”. classes 60+ for selective electrically controlled visual display systems hav- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ing fluid light-emitting display ele- CLASS: ments arranged in a matrix or array. 162, for a discharge device or lamp having a movable electrode or shield in an 583 Having electric terminal detail: envelope having three or more elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 582. trodes. Subject matter where there is included electri- 163+, for a liquid electrode discharge device cal terminal structure connected to the elec- having three or more electrodes, par- trodes to supply power to ionize the gas. ticularly subclass 168 for plural anodes in separate envelope cham- (1) Note. Since the bulk of the patents here bers. do not claim the gas as ionizable and 306+, for a discharge device having three or some do not include in the claim more more electrodes. than two electrodes, the patents are 568+, for a lamp or discharge device having placed here on the basis of the disclosure a particular total or partial gas or having an envelope with a gas therein vapor pressure. and at least one electrode associated with the gas. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 334+ and the subclasses specified in the

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 587 And additional layer on member: 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- This subclass is indented under subclass 586. tors, subclasses 17+ for boxes and Subject matter wherein the dielectric medium housings with fluids or vacuum par- has another layer of material. ticularly subclass 18 with bushing, terminal or lead in and subclasses (1) Note. The layers may be a coating or a 50.5+ for hermetic sealed envelope laminate and one of the layers may be type boxes and housings. electron emissive. 439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 55+ for an electrical connector with a pre- 588 Amplifier, cathanode or ionic cathode: formed panel circuit arrangement This subclass is indented under subclass 581. without specific electronic structure; Subject matter which includes, (1) a cathode and subclasses 611+ for an electrical and an anode between which the main electron connector or contact having a vitre- flow takes place after the gas or vapor ionizes ous-type envelope secured thereto. and a control electrode which does not lose control of the electron flow between the cath- 584 Having intersecting electrode sets: ode and the anode after the gas or vapor ion- This subclass is indented under subclass 582. izes, (2) an auxiliary cathode and an anode Subject matter wherein the electrodes of the with the gas or vapor in between which func- first set are at an angle to the electrodes of the tions, when the appropriate voltage is placed second set so that an electrode of one set can on the auxiliary cathode and the anode, to ion- intersect each of the electrodes of the other set ize the gas or the vapor to create electrons to create a plurality of points of light when the which form the electron current in the enve- sets of electrodes and the gas are appropriately lope, or (3) an auxillary cathode and an auxil- energized. lary anode which causes the gas or vapor to ionize, when the appropriate voltage is placed 585 With three sets of electrodes: between them and cause the electrons formed This subclass is indented under subclass 584. by the ionization to bombard the auxillary Subject matter which includes a third set of anode which in turn gives off secondary elec- electrodes spaced from the second set of electrons which acts as the main cathode of the trodes. device.

586 With dielectric member: (1) Note. See the glossary for the terms This subclass is indented under subclass 584. “cathanode” and “ionic cathanode”. Subject matter wherein there is a dielectric medium between the ionizable gas and at least (2) Note. Some the discharge device in this one set of the electrodes. subclass are provided with means, such as a barrier, between two discharge (1) Note. One of the sets may have one spaces, so that different pressures of gas electrode, but the second set has plural or different kinds of gas may be main- electrodes. tained in the respective discharge space, the barrier being electron permeable. (2) Note. The dielectric medium may be Other of the discharge spaces have the claimed as a composition with or with- electron receiving electrode so spaced out the thickness of the medium or in with respect to the ionizing discharge terms of the thickness of the medium. electrodes that the electrons do not attain sufficient velocity or do not travel (3) Note. The type of display panel here is through sufficiently long distance to ion- energized by an alternating current sup- ize the gas or vapor. ply supply rather than direct current.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge 305, for cathanode type discharge device Devices: Systems, subclass 84.61 for which is provided with two electron pulse storing systems of the gaseous emissive electrodes and another elec- discharge tube type having plural trode, one electron emissive electrode cathode or anodes and subclass 169.2 being designed to emit electrons to the for a plural power supply to a plural second electron emitting electrode to cathode and/or anode load device hav- heat the second emitting electrode to ing diverse type energizing or bias its emitting temperature, the second supplies to different electrodes includ- emitting electrode being designed to ing shifting, of register, counter or dis- emit electrons to the third electrode. play. 359.1+, for discharge devices with means to 377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse form and accelerate positive ion or Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits megative ions. and Systems, subclass 103 for count- 420, for a cathode-ray tube which is pro- ing or dividing chains using gas filled vided with a electron permeable win- tubes. dow. 598, for a gas or vapor discharge device 590 With shield to prevent discharge between with three or more electrodes one of electrodes: which is an apertured grid, the space This subclass is indented under subclass 581. between two of the electrodes is less Subject matter which includes a physical bar- than the mean free path spacing of the rier within the envelope to prevent the passage gas or vapor. of an electrical discharge from one electrode to another electrode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 330, Amplifiers, subclasses 4+ for maser (1) Note. Classified here are barriers to pre- type amplifying devices and subclass vent a discharge between two anodes. 41 for gas or vapor type amplifying device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 331, Oscillators, subclass 126 for a gas- CLASS: eous space discharge device. 609+, for baffles, partition or constricting 372, Coherent Light Generators, particu- means to control the discharge path larly subclasses 55+ for gas or vapor within the discharge device. media generators. 613+, for electron shields to prevent a discharge to the electrode. 589 Counter, indicator or switching tube: This subclass is indented under subclass 581. 591 Having cathode heater: Subject matter wherein there is a plurality of This subclass is indented under subclass 581. the same type of anode or cathode and an elec- Subject matter wherein there is a cathode trode of the opposite type, conduction of the which is electrically heated by the passage of gas or vapor when ionzed between the elec- an electrical current through an electrical resis- trode of the opposite type and one of the plural- tance element which may be the cathode. ity of the same type electrodes can be shifted to another electrode of the plurality of the same SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- type electrodes and the same electrode of the CLASS: opposite type whereby the tube can function as 337+, for indirectly heated cathodes, per se. counter, indicator or a switching tube. 341+, for filament or resistance heated electrodes, per se. (1) Note. The envelope may or may not be 629, for gas or vapor tubes having a resis- transmissive to the light caused by the tance heated cathode. ionization of the gas or vapor in the operation of the tube.

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601+, for three electrode gas or vapor dis- 592 With control electrode: charge device where a start electrode This subclass is indented under subclass 591. is not in main discharge path. Subject matter wherein there is a control grid 607, for a gas or vapor discharge device electrode whose function is to ionize the gas or having an electrode on the outside of vapor within the envelope. the envelope.

(1) Note. Here the grid electrode loses con- 595 Internal start or control electrode between trol of the ionized gas when the gas or discharge electrodes: vapor becomes ionized. This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Subject matter wherein the start or control elec- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- trode is between two spaced electrodes which CLASS: are capable of having an electrical discharge 163+, for liquid electrode device particularly there between in use, the start or control elec- subclasses 170+ for an auxiliary start- trode being capable of starting or controlling ing or holding electrode. the discharge of the ionized gas or vapor 588, for a gas or vapor discharge device between the two spaced electrodes. wherein the grid does not lose control of the discharge. 596 Strip electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass 595. 593 Plural: Subject matter wherein the electrode between This subclass is indented under subclass 592. the two spaced electrodes is an elongated elec- Subject matter wherein there are two or more trical conductor. control electrodes within the envelope. (1) Note. The strip electrode may be electri- (1) Note. If a thyratron is claimed, the cath- cally connected to either of the two ode may be stated as a “cathode” rather spaced electrodes. than a thermionic or an electrically heated cathode. (2) Note. The discharge devices here are generally double-ended tubes but the (2) Note. Classified here are shield grid subclass is not restricted to such type thyratrons. tubes.

594 Start electrode exterior to envelope: (3) Note. The two spaced electrodes are This subclass is indented under subclass 581. heated filaments, but the subclass is not Subject matter wherein there is a starting elec- restricted to electrically heated resis- trode on the outside of the envelope, the start tance electrodes. electrode when electrically energized along with the electrodes within the envelope of the 597 Interposed apertured electrode: gas or vapor tube, causes the gas or vapor to This subclass is indented under subclass 595. ionize to form the discharge current in the Subject matter wherein the start or control elec- envelope. trode has at least one opening there through or formed to make a conduit to permit the passage SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of the electrical discharge, between the two CLASS: electrodes. 166, for a liquid electrode discharge device having a starting band or external (1) Note. The control or start electrode can electrode. be grid like or in the form of an open cyl- 595+, for gas or vapor three electrode dis- inder. charge device with an internal start or control electrode in the discharge 598 Mean free-path spacing: path. This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter wherein the interposed apertured electrode is spaced from another elec-

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trode a distance which is less than the mean free path distance of an electron in the gas or 602 Trigger electrode concentric with discharge vapor within the device. electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass 601. (1) Note. The mean free path of an electron Subject matter wherein the start or the control is the average distance an electron may electrode is placed with respect to one of the travel in the gas or vapor without pro- two discharge electrodes so that they both have ducing ionization of the gas or vapor. As a common axis. the mean free path distance depends upon a number of factors, not all of 603 Triggerable vacuum gap device: which necessarily involve structure of This subclass is indented under subclass 601. the discharge device, this subclass Subject matter wherein there is a starting elec- includes patents which claim two electrode which injects an ionized gas or vapor into trodes as being within the mean free path the discharge device as a result of an overload distance and include as cross references so that an electrical discharge can be trans- patents which disclose that the elec- ferred to the discharge electrodes of the dis- trodes are within the mean free path discharge device. tance. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (2) Note. The electrodes between which the CLASS: apertured electrode is interposed may be 231.01+,for a fluent material supply or flow spaced from each other a distance less directing means in a discharge device than the mean free path length. lamp, radiation source or discharge device. 599 Plural serial apertured electrodes: This subclass is indented under subclass 597. 604 Plural serial electrodes: Subject matter wherein there are more than one This subclass is indented under subclass 581. apertured electrode in series in the electrical Subject matter wherein two of the electrodes discharge path of the discharge device. are the main discharge electrodes and there is at least another electrode in between wherein 600 Two interposed electrodes: all electrodes are in series with each other so This subclass is indented under subclass 595. that, when an ionized discharge takes place Subject matter wherein there are at least two between successive electrodes, the voltage electrodes between the two spaced electrodes. drop between two successive electrodes is pro- portional to the distance between the two elec- (1) Note. Included are auxiliary electrodes trodes with respect to the overall distance which ionize the gas or vapor of the dis- between the main discharge electrodes. charge device but are not in the main discharge path. (1) Note. The tubes here can be voltage reg- ulators, voltage dividers or overvoltage 601 Start electrode not in main discharge path: protection devices for a circuit or for the This subclass is indented under subclass 581. tube itself. Subject matter wherein one of the electrodes is a starting, trigger or control electrode and two 605 Mean free-path spacing of envelope portions of the electrodes are the discharge electrodes of or content parts: the discharge device, the one electrode is This subclass is indented under subclass 567. placed out of the discharge path between the Subject matter wherein one envelope portion or main discharge electrodes of the discharge a part of the device is spaced from another device. envelope portion or part of the device a distance which is less than the mean free-path length distance.

(1) Note. The mean free-path distance of an electron is the average distance an elec-

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tron may travel in the gas or vapor without producing ionization of the gas or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- vapor. As the mean free-path length CLASS: depends upon a number of factors, not 594, for a gas or vapor discharge device all of which involve structure of the having at least three electrodes one of device, this and the indented subclass which is on the outside of the enve- include patents which claim the parts as lope. being within the mean free-path distance and include as cross references patents 608 Single electrode type discharge device, or that disclose that the parts are within the including particulate material: mean free-path distance. This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Subject matter which include discharge devices 606 Electrode spacing related to mean free path having only one electrode; or which have a length: space between two electrodes which is at least This subclass is indented under subclass 605. partially filled with particulate material. Subject matter wherein at least a portion of the electrode is spaced a distance from a portion of (1) Note. When the discharge device has another electrode less than the mean free path but one electrode and the voltage to spacing. operate the device is applied between the single electrode and some other object, (1) Note. The spacing may be for the pur- such as ground, the electrostatic field at pose of restricting current flow from one the discharge device along with the gas electrode or may be for the purpose of pressure and the device structure is capa- insulating one portion of an electrode ble of causing ionization of the gas or from a portion of another electrode even vapor within the device. though other portions of the electrodes are spaced a distance which permits ion- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ization between such portions. CLASS: 325, for a discharge device having an insu- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- lating material in the discharge space. CLASS: 598, for a gas or vapor discharge device SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: having a grid like or apertured elec- 607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electri- trode interposed in the discharge path cal Application, subclasses 154+ for between two discharge electrodes, the discharge devices which are designed distance between the discharge elec- to transmit high frequency electric trodes being less than the means free current into the human body, the path length. devices include an envelope with a 620, for a gas or vapor discharge device confined gas or vapor and an elec- having the spacing between electrodes trode within the envelope, the human cited as being a specific distance or a body being used as the other electrode range of distances or being based to establish a space discharge in the upon the gas or vapor pressure or the device. operating electrical power. 621, for a gas or vapor discharge device 609 Having baffle, partition, or constricting having the electrodes spaced from means affecting discharge: each other in terms of a geometrical This subclass is indented under subclass 567. relationship. Subject matter which includes physical structure within the envelope to change the direction 607 Having electrode exterior to envelope: of the electrical discharge within the envelope This subclass is indented under subclass 567. or which can be part of the envelope to change Subject matter wherein at least one electrode of the area of the discharge flowing within the the discharge device is on the outside of the envelope. envelope.

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sectional area of the discharge of the discharge (1) Note. Shields for an electrode which device. may act as a baffle are classified in subclasses 613+. (1) Note. A constriction reduces the area of the electrical discharge at least in one (2) Note. Electrical type of control of the position of the discharge path within the discharge is not classified here. tube and does not change the length of the discharge path. (3) Note. In these indented subclasses, there is no structure to stop the electrical dis- 612 Substantially the full length of discharge charge from continuing. path: This subclass is indented under subclass 611. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein the physical means to CLASS: reduce the cross-sectional area of the discharge 33, for a lamp or discharge device having extends substantially the entire length of the an envelope with internal temperature discharge between main electrodes of the tube. modifying baffle. 317+, for a lamp or discharge device having 613 Having electrode shield: a particular envelope structure. This subclass is indented under subclass 567. 325, for a miscellaneous discharge device Subject matter which includes a protective which has an insulating material in the member, (1) to protect the electrode from the discharge space. ionized gas or vapor within the envelope, or (2) 608, for a gas or vapor discharge device to restrict the area of the electrode available to including particulate material between receive the ionized discharge of gas or vapor. discharge electrode. 613+, for an electrode with a baffle to pre- (1) Note. See the to this class for the word vent an electrical discharge from hit- “shield”. ting the electrode except in a specific direction. (2) Note. The shield may be an conductor or 634, for a gas or vapor discharge device an insulator. having an envelope with a nonlinear discharge path. (3) Note. Here is an electrode surrounded by a conductive or an insulative shield 610 Partition: which limits the area of the electrode to This subclass is indented under subclass 609. receive the ionized gas or vapor dis- Subject matter wherein the physical means charge in the envelope. within the envelope not only guides the direction of the discharge but also changes the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cross-sectional area of the discharge that can CLASS: flow through the envelope and lengthens the 147, for a lamp or discharge device having discharge path. a movable shield. 239+, for devices having a support and/or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- spacing structure for electrode and/or CLASS: shield. 611+, for a partition that only changes the 326+, for shield structures, defined by struc- area of the discharge between elec- ture, for a lamp or discharge device. trodes. 492, for a lamp or discharge device with luminescent solid or liquid material 611 Constriction means: and gaseous discharge medium hav- This subclass is indented under subclass 609. ing the solid or liquid on the envelope Subject matter wherein the structure includes, and an electrode shield. (1) envelope structure which changes the cross- 590, for a three or more electrode gas or sectional area of the envelope, or (2) physical vapor discharge device with a shield means within the envelope to reduce the cross-

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to prevent discharge between electrodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 592+, for a three or more electrode gas or CLASS: vapor discharge device with a shield 618, for a gas or vapor discharge device grid electrode. having a crater electrode. 626, for a gas or vapor discharge device having electrode leading shields. 616 With positive ion or cathode shield: This subclass is indented under subclass 613. 614 With anode shield: Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor within This subclass is indented under subclass 613. the envelope becomes ionized in the operation Subject matter wherein the electrode is an of the device and the electrode is a cathode sep- anode or the electrode acts as an anode during arated from an anode by the ionized gas or the portion of an alternating voltage supplying vapor and there is a barrier protecting the cath- power to the electrode and the member pre- ode so that the positive ions will hit the barrier vents bombardment of the anode or electrode to protect the cathode. by positive ions or restricts the area of the anode or electrode available to the discharge of (1) Note. The shield is generally connected the device. electrically to dissipate the electrical charge as a result of the ions hitting SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- shield. CLASS: 168, for liquid electrode discharge device (2) Note. Shields or anode plates about a which has a plurality of anodes and an thermic cathode achieve a reduction of envelope having a plurality of sepa- the anode voltage drop and slows down rate anode chambers. the darkening of a lamp or electronic 169, for a liquid electrode discharge device tube without damage to the cathode. which is provided with a plurality of anodes, at least one anode having a (3) Note. An electrical cathode shield is an shield. auxiliary electrode electrically acting as 590, for three or more electrode gas or an anode in alternate half cycles of a.c. vapor discharge device including a operation of a discharge device. plurality of anodes, at least one anode having a shield. (4) Note. The positive ion shield need not 609+, for a gas or vapor discharge device for the purpose of shielding the cathode. having physical barrier or partition between the electrodes of a discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- path to cause the discharge to travel CLASS: along a longer path between the elec- 614, for a gas or vapor discharge device trodes or a constricting means in the having an anode shield. discharge path which reduces the cross-sectional area of the discharge 617 Having spur electrode: path to a smaller area than the rest of This subclass is indented under subclass 567. the path. Subject matter wherein the electrode is pro- 616, for a gas or vapor discharge device vided with a starting spur extending from the with a positive ion or cathode shield. electrode towards another electrode.

615 Crater electrode with shield: (1) Note. A starting spur is usually a wire or This subclass is indented under subclass 613. strip of metal which is attached to an Subject matter wherein the electrode is a cath- electrode and extends close to another ode with a hollowed out cavity, and there is electrode, the starting spur serving to ini- also an anode and a dielectric shield touching tiate the discharge between it and the both the cathode and the anode to prevent an other electrode when the device is put electrical discharge between the cathode and into operation, the discharge transferred the anode except at predetermined locations.

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to the other electrode after the initial discharge has been initiated. 620 Having specified electrode spacing: This subclass is indented under subclass 567. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein there are two electrodes CLASS: spaced from each other in terms of, (1) the dis- 592+, for a gas or vapor discharge device tance between the electrodes or a range of dis- having a cathode heater and a starting tances between them, or (2) the distance electrode. between them stated relative to a parameter of 594, for a gas or vapor discharge device the discharge device or an operating parameter having a start electrode exterior to of the device. envelope. 595+, for a gas or vapor discharge device (1) Note. The parameter may be an electri- with a start electrode between dis- cal parameter with respect to the spacing charge electrodes. of the electrodes or a nonelectrical 601+, for a gas or vapor discharge device parameter of the discharge device with with a start electrode not in the main respect to the spacing of the electrodes. discharge path. (2) Note. Included in the parameter are the, 618 Having hollow cathode: (1) gas or vapor pressure of the discharge This subclass is indented under subclass 567. device with respect to the spacing Subject matter wherein the electrode is a cath- between electrodes or the product of the ode which has at least a portion which is a cav- gas or vapor pressure and the spacing ity or is a hollow cylinder. between the electrodes, and (2) the electrical power to operate the discharge (1) Note. Crater type glow discharge lamp device with respect to the electrode spac- sources are here. ing or the voltage necessary to operate the discharge device with respect to the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- electrode spacing. CLASS: 615, for a gas or vapor device with a shield SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- between the hollow cathode and the CLASS: anode. 581+, for a three or more electrode gas or 631+, for a gas or vapor discharge device vapor discharge device, particularly having a hollow or tubular electrode. subclass 602 for an interposed grid like or apertured electrode in the dis- 619 Negative or cathode glow device: charge space between two other elec- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. trodes, the spacing between the Subject matter wherein there are two electrodes interposed electrode and another of and the electrodes and the electrode spacing are the electrodes being less than the so designed that during the operation of the mean free path distance. device only the negative or cathode glow por- 605, for a gas or vapor discharge device tion of the discharge will generate visible light. where the distance between electrodes is less than the mean free path dis- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tance. CLASS: 619, for a gas or vapor discharge device 615, for a gas or vapor discharge device where the spacing between the elec- having a shield between the anode and trodes is such, when operated, to emit crater type cathode to control the type visible light only by the negative or and the shape of electrical discharge. cathode glow discharge. 618, for a gas or vapor discharge device having a hollow or crater like cathode to confine the luminous electrical discharge to the interior or hollow of the cathode.

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621 Having electrodes with geometrical relation- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ship: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 567. 43, for a lamp or discharge device having Subject matter wherein there are two electrodes a temperature modifier for a lead-in spaced from each other in terms of a geometri- seal or stem protection. cal condition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. The geometrical relationship 65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 49 for involves the spacing between electrodes a process of bonding metal to the in terms of being parallel, nonparallel, glass part formed from shapeless mass concentric or other spatial relationship. in a mold cavity, subclasses 59.1+ for a process of fusion bonding of glass to (2) Note. For classification here, the geo- a metal part and subclass 154 for an metrical relationship must be claimed or apparatus for fusion bonding glass to disclosed. metal. 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- 622 Discharge device with diverse electrodes: tors, subclass 17.07 for a box or hous- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. ing with a fluid or vacuum of the Subject matter wherein there are two electrodes sealed envelope type and subclasses which differ in their structure or in the material 50.61+ for a box or housing of the composing the electrodes. sealed envelope type with a bonded seal for a conductive member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 624 End cap seal: 581+, for a gas or vapor discharge device This subclass is indented under subclass 623. having three or more electrodes at Subject matter wherein the open end is closed least one is different in structure of by a closure which fits over and about the end material from the others. of the envelope to seal the envelope. 609, for a gas or vapor discharge device where an electrode is exterior to the 625 End plug seal: device envelope. This subclass is indented under subclass 623. 616, for a gas or vapor discharge device Subject matter wherein the open end of the having a cathode which is provided envelope is closed by a closure which fits into with a positive or other shielding the open end to seal the envelope. structure. 626 Having lead-in shield: 623 Having electrode lead-in or electrode sup- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. port sealed to envelope: Subject matter having means to shield the lead- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. in wire or a support from an electrode. Subject matter wherein the envelope has an open end and means to seal the open end of the (1) Note. The shielding means can be for envelope which includes and lead-in wire or an the purpose of preventing an electric dis- electrode support sealed to the means to seal charge from being established between the envelope. the lead-in wire or support and another part of the device or for preventing a (1) Note. Here are also the patents dealing deposit of sputtered material upon the with the sealing of the ends of the enve- lead-in wire or supports, or for any other lope which are more than a nominal reci- shielding purpose. tation of the seal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 168, for liquid electrode discharge device which has an anode and an anode

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lead-in wire in separate anode chambers. (2) Note. All or part of the electrode is of 169, for a liquid electrode discharge device therminonically active material. having plural anodes and a shield between the anodes and anode lead-in (3) Note. The discharge may be from elec- wires to prevent a discharge there trons or ions. between. 239+, for devices which are provided with a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- supporting and/or spacing structure CLASS: for a shield. 39+, for a discharge device with a filament 313, for devices provided with means to or a heated cathode with means to distribute or prevent static charges or modify the temperature of the cathode means to prevent deleterious electrical of filament. discharges. 310, for a discharge device having a ther- 317+, for devices of this class which include mionic cathode. an envelope with lead-in conductors. 346+, for thermionic electrode, per se, and 590, for a three or more electrode gas or the notes to the other subclasses and vapor discharge device having a classes. shield to prevent a discharge between 347, for an electrode which becomes two of the electrodes. incandescent when subjected to elec- 594, for a three or more electrode gas or tron bombarment. vapor device wherein there is a grid or 558, for a lamp or discharge device with an other apertured electrode arranged electrode which includes or is coated within an anode shield. with a getter. 614, for a discharge device having an 566, for a lamp or discharge device with a anode shield to prevent undesired dis- filament or a heated cathode electrode charges to the anode or anode lead-in. which includes or is coated with a 616, for a discharge device having a shield vapor generating material. to protect some part of the device such 567+, for a gas or vapor discharge device as the cathode, from the effects of particularly subclasses 591+ for three positive ion bombarment. or more electrode device having a cathode heater. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- 628 Coil type: tors, subclass 50.59 for hermetic This subclass is indented under subclass 627. sealed envelope with lead-in conduc- Subject matter wherein at least part of the elec- tors of general utility which has trode is in the form of a wound spiral. shielding means between the lead-in conductors or the joint between the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- envelope and a lead-in conductor. CLASS: 31, for a lamp or discharge device having 627 Having electrode heated by space discharge a tubular hollow coil electrode with a current: temperature modifier for the coil. This subclass is indented under subclass 567. 344, for a coiled resistance heated elec- Subject matter wherein the electrode is bom- trode, per se. barded by a charged particle of the ionized gas or vapor which constitutes the electrical dis- 629 Having resistance heated cathode: charge within the envelope of the tube which is This subclass is indented under subclass 567. attracted to the electrode by an electrical force. Subject matter wherein the electrode is a cathode and the cathode is heated by the passage of (1) Note. The gas or vapor discharge is not electrical current through it or indirectly heated restricted to the discharge between the by the passage of an electrical current through main electrodes of the tube. a resistive element.

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(1) Note. For a gas or vapor discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- device having an electrode heated by a CLASS: space discharge current, see subclasses 326+, for a discharge device electrode, par- 627+. ticularly subclasses 337+ for a indirectly heated cathode, subclasses (2) Note. Subclass 616 includes a cathode 341+ for a resistance heated cathode shield and a heated electrode where the and 346 for cathode containing and/or heated electrode when negative is the coated with an electron emissive cathode and the shield is used to prevent material. positive ion bombardment of the elec- 591+, for a three or more electrode gas or trode. vapor discharge device having a cathode heater. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 618, for a gas or vapor discharge device CLASS: having a hollow cathode. 37+, for a lamp or discharge device with a 631, for an electron emissive coated or temperature modifier for a heated laminated electrode. cathode. 636+, for a gas or vapor discharge device 310, for other discharge devices which having an electrode heated by space have a directly heated cathode or an discharge current. indirectly heated cathode. 639, for a space discharge device having a 337+, for an indirectly heated cathode, per resistance heated cathode. se. 341+, for a resistance heated cathode, per se. 631 Having particular electrode structure: 591+, for three or more electrode gas or This subclass is indented under subclass 567. vapor discharge device having a Subject matter wherein the structure of an elec- heated cathode. trode is significantly recited. 616, for a positive ion or cathode electrode shield. (1) Note. See the general class notes, for an 627+, for an electrode heated by space dis- electrode combined with connector charge current. structure and for an electrode/or shield.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (2) Note. An electrode, per se, is not here. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge See subclasses 326+ for an electrode, per Devices: Systems, subclasses 94+ for se. systems for supplying electrical energy to the cathode or cathode (3) Note. A gas or vapor lamp containing a heater of a discharge device. coated electrode is here.

630 Having electrode of alkali, alkaline or rare SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- earth material: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 567. 5+, for a plural unit lamp or discharge Subject matter wherein the electrode includes device having at least a discharge within the envelope, structure or a material device with a control unit. containing an alkali, alkaline or a rare earth as 16, for a liquid electrode with an electric an element or in compound form. heater. 30+, for a hollow electrode with tempera- (1) Note. If composite electrode structure is ture modifier. an electron emissive material coated or 39+, for an electrode with a temperature laminated electrode, see subclass 631. modifier within an envelope. 146+, for a discharge device with movable (2) Note. See the “SEARCH THIS CLASS, electrode. SUBCLASS” notes in subclass 631.

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155, for a lamp or discharge device with a operate on direct current or pulsating magnetic device where an electrode current in one direction, for example, a generates a magnetic field. flash tube. 163+, for liquid electrode discharge device. 238+, for a lamp or discharge device with SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- support and/or spacing structure for CLASS: an electrode. 633, for an electrode composition used in a 326+, for an electrode structure for a lamp or discharge device. discharge device. 523+, for photosensitive device having a 633 Electrode composition: photosensitive electrode and sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 567. classes 543+ for photocathode, per se. Subject matter wherein the composition of an 558, for a lamp or discharge device where electrode is significantly recited. an electrode includes a getter, supports a getter or is connected to a get- (1) Note. See the class definition for a dis- ter. cussion of patents disclosing electrode 566, for a lamp or discharge device having compositions or materials for use in gas a vapor generator having an electrode or vapor lamps or discharge devices. with vapor generating material. 574+, for a gas or vapor discharge device SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- having a particular total or partial gas CLASS: or vapor pressure. 311, for a discharge device having an elec- 581+, for a gas or vapor, three or more electrode of particular material. Also, see trode, discharge device, particularly the subclasses specified in the notes 591+ for a device with a cathode for discharge devices having an elec- heater with or without a control electrode defined by composition or mate- trode, subclasses 595+ for a start elec- rial. trode between discharge electrodes 558, for an electrode which includes a get- and subclasses 601+ for start elec- ter or is coated with a getter material. trode not in main discharge path. 566, for an electrode which includes a 607, for a gas or vapor discharge device vapor generating material or is coated with an electrode exterior on the out- with a vapor generating material. side of the envelope. 627+, for thermionic cathodes which are 608, for a single electrode type gas or formed or coated with a particular vapor discharge device. composition. 621, for a gas or vapor discharge device 629, for resistance heated cathodes which having a hallow cathode. include a particular composition. 627+, for a gas or vapor discharge device 630, for an electrode which includes alkali, having an electrode heated by space alkaline or rare earth material. discharge current. 634+, for an electrode having particular 629, for a gas or vapor discharge device structure. having a resistance heated cathode. 630, for a gas or vapor discharge device SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: having an electrode of alkali; alkaline 252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for or rare earth material in structure or electrically conductive or emissive composition form. compositions.

632 Cathode or anode: 634 Envelope with particular structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 631. This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Subject matter wherein the electrode is a cath- Subject matter wherein a structural detail of the ode or an anode. envelope is significantly recited.

(1) Note. Included are lamps or discharge devices of the gas or vapor type which

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula- 25+, for means in the space between the tors, subclasses 17+ for boxes and envelope walls for modifying the tem- housings filled with a fluid and sub- perature of the lamp or discharge classes 50+ for boxes and housings device. with electrical features not restricted 33, for an envelope provided with an for use in a lamp or discharge device. internal temperature modifying baffle. 206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub- 34, for an envelope provided with a con- classes 0.6+ for gas containers. densing chamber or surface to cool 220, Receptacles, subclasses 2.1+ for an the gas or vapor within the envelope. envelope of an electric lamp or similar 44, for means to modify the temperature device. of the device (e.g., heat radiating means, etc.). 635 Envelope layer or coating: 110+, for optical means (e.g., lens, etc.) to This subclass is indented under subclass 634. modify the ray energy passing Subject matter wherein the envelope has a through the envelope wall, see sub- coating or layer on the internal or external sur- class 112 where the optical means is a face of the envelope. polarizer, or filter, subclass 113 where the optical means is a reflector, sub- (1) Note. The covering is considered struc- class 116 where the envelope wall is ture. If the coating is used as an electrode light diffusing, and subclass 117 see the electrode subclasses. where the optical means is a light valve or light obscuring means. (2) Note. A glaze on the inside or the out- 168, for liquid electrode (e.g., mercury) side of the envelope is considered struc- discharge devices having a plurality ture. of anodes, the envelope being provided with separate anode chambers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 317, for a lamp or discharge device enve- 118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 50 for lope with an electrode or filament or vacuum or fluid pressure chamber where there is some significance in type coating apparatus and subclasses the use of the envelope in a lamp or 620+ for coating apparatus using discharge device. means to apply electrical and/or radi- 515, for a lamp or discharge device with ant energy to work and/or coating character display having a character material. shaped envelope. 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscella- 547, for valve means for introducing a gas neous Chemical Manufacture, sub- or vapor into or withdrawing a gas or classes 99+ for methods of making an vapor from the envelope. optically transparent sandwich. 567, for a lamp of discharge device enve- 427, Coating Processes, 106+ for pro- lope with a gas or vapor. cesses for coating a hollow electrical 577, for a lamp or discharge device having article or the product produced. particular total or partial gas or vapor pressure having an envelope detail. 636 Envelope composition: 609+, for a discharge device having a baffle, This subclass is indented under subclass 567. partition or constricting means affect- Subject matter wherein the composition of the ing discharge. envelope is significantly recited. 623+, for discharge device having lead-in wire, electrode support or electrode (1) Note. Here discharge devices including sealed to envelope including envelope lamps and electronic devices are classi- end seals. fied. 636, for envelope compositions.

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313 - 170 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS February 2011

515+, for a lamp or discharge device with (2) Note. Envelopes defined only by compo- character display and a gaseous dis- sition will be found in the appropriate charge medium. composition class. Also see the class 538, for a gas phototube. definition. 545, for a lamp or discharge device with a valve and gas or vapor generating SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- material. CLASS: 546, for a lamp or discharge device with a 110+, for a special ray transmissive enve- frangible capsule containing gas or lope formed of a specific composition vapor generating material. having optical properties, particularly 547+, for a lamp or discharge device with subclass 112 where the envelope wall heating means to control gas or vapor includes a polarizing composition or a or gas or vapor generating means. light filtering material, subclasses 563, for a lamp or discharge device with 113+ wherein the envelope has mate- gas generating material. rial which has light reflecting proper- 564+, for a lamp or discharge device with ties, subclass 116 wherein the vapor generating material. envelope has light diffusing material 568+, for a lamp or discharge device having and subclass 117 wherein the enve- a particular total or partial gas or lope has material with light valve vapor pressure. properties or light obscuring proper- 580, for incandescent lamp having a tung- ties. sten-halogen cycle. 317, for an envelope of the lamp or dis- 595+, for a three or more electrode device charge device with electrical lamp or having a gas or vapor and a heated discharge device structure or there is cathode. some significance in the use of the envelope in a lamp or discharge SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: device. 252, Compositions, subclasses 372+ for 480, for an envelope composition of a cath- gaseous compositions and the pro- ode-ray tube. cesses for making them. 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: subclasses 210+ for modifying or 501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 54 removing component of normally gas- for a glass composition containing eous mixture and subclass 262 for an greater than ninety per cent silica. inert or noble gas or compound thereof, subclasses 351+ for nitrogen 637 With particular gas or vapor: or compound thereof, subclasses 414+ This subclass is indented under subclass 567. for carbon or compound thereof and Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor within subclasses 644+ for nitrogen or com- the envelope is defined in terms of its composi- pound thereof. tion. 638 With metal vapor: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 637. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the composition 161, for a lamp or discharge device with includes a metal vapor. magnetic device and a gas or vapor within lamp or device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 481, for a cathode-ray tube having a gas 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, therein. subclasses 155+ for an alkaline earth 484+, for a lamp or discharge device having metal, subclasses 179+ for an alkali a luminescent solid or liquid and a metal, compound, subclasses 99+ for gaseous discharge medium. mercury containing compound, and subclass 263 for rare earth compound.

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639 Mercury vapor: END This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter wherein the composition of the vapor includes mercury vapor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 150, for a discharge device having a movable liquid mercury electrode. 163+, for a discharge device having a liquid mercury electrode.

640 And rare earth metal: This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter wherein a rare earth metal is included in the composition.

(1) Note. The “rare earth” element are metallic in character.

(2) Note. Misch metal is an alloy of iron with mixture of rare earth metals.

(3) Note. The “rare earth” elements include the atomic numbers from 57 to 71.

641 With rare gas: This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter wherein the composition includes a rare gas.

642 And rare gas: This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter wherein the composition includes a rare gas.

643 One or more rare gases: This subclass is indented under subclass 637. Subject matter wherein the composition includes at least one noble gas.

(1) Note. Many of the patents includes a mixture of noble gases or gas of the noble type and another type gas.

(2) Note. The noble “gases” are helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 262 for an inert or noble gas or compound thereof.

February 2011