Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1998 Processing of Value-Added Textile and Geotextile Products From Sugarcane and Kenaf. Ovidiu Romanoschi Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Romanoschi, Ovidiu, "Processing of Value-Added Textile and Geotextile Products From Sugarcane and Kenaf." (1998). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6703. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6703 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. 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PROCESSING OF VALUE-ADDED TEXTILE AND GEOTEXTILE PRODUCTS FROM SUGAR CANE AND KENAF A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Engineering Science by Ovidiu Romanoschi M.S., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. December 1996 B.S. & M.S.. Technical University “Gh. Asachi’’, Iasi, Romania, Junel992 May, 1998 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9836904 UMI Microform 9836904 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express sincere appreciation to Dr. John R. Collier, my research advisor, for all his help, exemplary guidance, and encouragement throughout the course of this work. It was an honor to work with him. 1 also thank Dr. Billie Collier for all her help. Both Dr. Colliers have been not only a guidance in my professional development, but also an example for me and my wife. 1 would like to extend my appreciations to all the members of my committee: Dr. loan Negulescu, Dr. Lynn R. LaMotte, Dr. Caye Drapcho, and Dr. Lynn Dellenberger, for their cooperation and time. The financial assistance granted by both The Department of Chemical Engineering and The Department of Experimental Statistics, at Louisiana State University is also appreciated. Financial support from the NSF (grant # NSF DMR- 9202434), LEQSF (grant # ( 1994-97)-RD-B-01 ),and USDA/NRl (grant # 93-37500- 9153) is gratefully acknowledged. 1 would like to express my special gratitude to Dr. loan Negulescu for bringing me at Louisiana State University, for his advice, and for his special friendship. His guidance in life and research filled the gap that I felt living away from my family. Furthermore, 1 am grateful to Dr. Lynn R. LaMotte and Dr. Julia Valoufova, for their assistance and support. Also, 1 thank them for feeding my interest in statistics. 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Special thanks for their support to my colleagues from Chemical Engineering, Ajit Pense, Maryoud Elsunni, Douglas Krzystowczyk, Erick Comeaux, and Bijan Seyfzadeh. 1 would like to extend my thanks to my colleagues from Human Ecology Department: Julia Thames, HyoJung Kwon, and Melissa Philips. I deeply acknowledge my in-law parents for enriching my life, and for their affection. I also thank my brothers Stefan and Radu, and all my friends from here and from back home. 1 would like to express my gratitude and love toward my mother, for whom her sons’ happiness is her meaning in life. Finally, my special and deep love to my wife Simona, for being not only an extraordinary friend, but also a great colleague and research mate. 1 dedicate this work to my wife and my mother. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................viii NOMENCLATURE..............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH............................................1 1.1 Research Objectives...........................................................................................3 1.2 Arrangement of This Report ..............................................................................4 PART I TEXTILE AND GEOTEXTILE VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SUGAR CANE AND KENAF....................................... 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 6 2.1 Value-added Products from Sugar Cane Bagasse ...........................................6 2.1.2 Sugar Cane Rind and Bagasse for Textiles and Geotextiles .................................................................10 2.2 Value-added Products from Kenaf. .................................................................15 2.2.1 KenafRind for Textiles and Geotextiles .........................................19 CHAPTER 3 ALKALI DELIGNIFICATION OF SUGAR CANE AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE......................................................................................23 3.1 Materials and Methods ................................................................................ 23 3.2 Experimental Design ......................................................................................25 3.2.1 Central Composite Rotatable Experimental Design ..................... 26 3.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 29 3.3.1 Response Surface Modeling and Optimization ............................... 40 3.4 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 4 KENAF ALKALI PROCESSING.........................................45 4. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................45 4. 2 Method and Materials .................................................................................... 46 4. 3 Results and Discussions ................................................................................. 49 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 4. 4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................55 CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................. 57 PART II LYOCELL SOLUTIONS FROM SUGAR CANE AND KENAF....................................................59 CHAPTER 6 LITERATURE RESEARCH......................................................60 6.1 Advanced Fibers from Cellulose Solution ...................................................60