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Analysis and Interpretation of Regional Geophysical Data in the Kapuskasing Structural Zone of the Superior Province, Canada

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Analysis and Interpretation of Regional Geophysical Data in the Kapuskasing Structural Zone of the Superior Province, Canada Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Geociencias Thesis for the degree of Bachelor in geosciences Analysis and Interpretation of Regional Geophysical Data in the Kapuskasing Structural Zone of the Superior Province, Canada Author: SHARON VANESSA CUERVO ARCINIEGAS Research mentor and advisor: PH.D. BOGDAN NITESCU Bogotá, Colombia December 2020 Acknowledgements At first, I want to thank Bogdan Nitescu, my research mentor and advisor, for suggesting me the topic of this thesis and for its great knowledge on the subject. Also, I am grateful for his support and for helping me with all my doubts and concerns during the process of this project. To the Geoscience Department and its excellent teachers, thanks to which I have knowledge and love for geosciences, I would like to thank for supplying me with the necessary Software and materials for the data processing and analysis. My most loving and sincere thanks to my parents, Luz Janneth and Fernando, for loving me and who always supported me and guided me to be the person I am today. To my brother Santiago and my cousin Diany thanks for encouraging me and listen to me when I needed the most. Also, I want to Thank Theo for making me smile and cheer me up. To my uncle Jaime and my beautiful grandma, who believed in me during all my academical process, thank you very much. Finally, I want to thank my friends and colleagues for their support and help in my personal and professional life. Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a Bogdan Nitescu, mi mentor y asesor de investigación, por sugerirme el tema de esta tesis y por su gran conocimiento. Además, agradezco su apoyo y ayuda con todas mis dudas e inquietudes durante el proceso de este proyecto. Al Departamento de Geociencias y sus excelentes profesores, gracias a los cuales tengo conocimiento y amor por las geociencias, quiero agradecer por proporcionarme el Software y materiales necesarios para el procesamiento y análisis de datos. Mi más cariñoso y sincero agradecimiento a mis padres, Luz Janneth y Fernando, por amarme, apoyarme y guiarme para ser la persona que soy hoy en día. A mi hermano Santiago y a mi prima Diany gracias por apoyarme y escucharme cuando más lo necesitaba. Además, quiero agradecer a Theo por hacerme sonreír y animarme. A mi tío Jaime y a mi preciosa abuelita, que creyeron en mí durante todo mi proceso académico, muchas gracias. Finalmente, quiero agradecer a mis amigos y colegas por su apoyo y ayuda en mi vida personal y profesional. Abstract An analysis and modelling of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone regional data were made to investigate the geometry and depth extent of this block of uplifted crust. First the analysis of the Bouguer anomaly and its first vertical derivative showed that the Kapuskasing Structural Zone presents high anomaly values that correspond to denser material in a region of uplifted crust relative to the Wawa and Abitibi subprovinces. Using the GM-SYS extension tool from Oasis Montaj, forward 2.5D gravity modelling was completed along five profiles that cross the Kapuskasing Structural Zone. One model was done in a West to East direction in the Groundhog River block, three of the models where done in the same direction but in the Chapleau block, and the last model was done in a South to North direction through the Chapleau block. These models showed that in the Groundhog River block the Kapuskasing block does not present a high depth and that the Ivanhoe Lake fault dips to the northwest and is a thrust fault. On the other hand, the models suggest that the geometry of the Saganash Lake fault is different in the two blocks, being a west-dipping normal fault over the Groundhog River block and southeast dipping reverse fault over the Chapleau block. These geometries follow the proposal of various authors. As a result of this model’s analysis it is suggested that after the Kapuskasing uplift a compressive event occurred in the Chapleau block and erosion removed part of the Groundhog River block. Resumen Se realizó un análisis y modelamiento de los datos regionales del Kapuskasing Structural Zone para examinar la geometría y la extensión de profundidad de este bloque de corteza levantada. Primero, el análisis de la anomalía de Bouguer y su primera derivada vertical expusieron que el Kapuskasing Structural Zone presenta altos valores en la anomalía que corresponden a material más denso en una región de corteza levantada en relación con las subprovincias de Wawa y Abitibi. Usando la extensión de la herramienta GM-SYS de Oasis Montaj, se completó el modelamiento directo 2.5D de los datos de gravedad a lo largo de cinco perfiles que cruzan el Kapuskasing Structural Zone. Uno de los modelos se realizó en dirección oeste a este en el bloque de Groundhog River, tres de los modelos se hicieron en la misma dirección, pero en el Chapleau block, y el último modelo se realizó en dirección sur a norte a través del bloque de Chapleau. Estos modelos mostraron que en el bloque de Groundhog River el Kapuskasing Structural Zone no presenta una gran profundidad y que la falla de Ivanhoe Lake buza hacia el noroeste y es una falla de cabalgamiento. Por otro lado, los modelos sugieren que la geometría de la falla de Saganash Lake es diferente en los dos bloques, siendo una falla normal que se inclina hacia el oeste sobre el bloque de Groundhog River y una falla inversa que se inclina hacia el sureste sobre el bloque de Chapleau. Estas geometrías siguen la propuesta de varios autores. Como resultado del análisis de este modelo, se sugiere que después del levantamiento de Kapuskasing ocurrió un evento de compresión en el bloque de Chapleau y la erosión eliminó parte del bloque de Groundhog River. Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 2 2.1 General objective ................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................. 3 3. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 3 3.1 Geology of the Kapuskasing structural zone ....................................................... 3 3.2 Previous studies ...................................................................................................... 6 4. ANALYSIS OF THE BOUGUER ANOMALIES ...................................................... 8 4.1 Gravity database .................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Qualitative analysis of the Bouguer anomalies ................................................. 11 5. MODELLING OF GRAVITY DATA ....................................................................... 14 5.1 Gravimetric model for profile A ......................................................................... 17 5.2 Gravimetric model for profile B ......................................................................... 18 5.3 Gravimetric model for profile C ......................................................................... 19 5.4 Gravimetric model for profile D ......................................................................... 21 5.5 Gravimetric model for profile E ......................................................................... 22 6. ANALYSIS OF THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES ................................................. 23 6.1 Magnetic database ............................................................................................... 23 6.2 Qualitative analysis of the magnetic anomalies ................................................ 23 7. DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................. 27 8. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 32 9. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 33 10. APPENDIX ................................................................................................................. 36 10.1 Theoretical gravity ............................................................................................... 36 10.2 Free air-gravity anomaly ..................................................................................... 36 10.3 Bouguer gravity anomaly .................................................................................... 36 LIST OF FIGURES 1-1. Location of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone (KSZ) in the South-Central Superior province Canada. (Halls, Uplift structure of the southern Kapuskasing zone from 2.45 Ga dike swarm displacement, 1998). The map in the left corner shows the location of the Superior Province on Canada and the position of the KSZ in it. 3-1. Geological Sketch of the KSZ taken from Nitescu and Halls (2002). The map shows the fault-bounded blocks of the KSZ (CB: Chapleau block; FB: Fraserdale- Moosonee block; GB: Groundhog River block; BV: Val Rita block), the faults (ILF: Ivanhoe Lake fault; LF: Lepage fault; SLF: Saganash Lake fault) the MB (Michipicoten Belt), and the WGD (Wawa Gneiss Domain). 3-2. General geology of the Southern part of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone (KSZ) and the surrounding Wawa and Abitibi subprovinces (Ontario Geological
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