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Reaction of Hypochlorous Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide and Tert-Butyl

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Reaction of Hypochlorous Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide and Tert-Butyl Reaction of Hypochlorous Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide and tert- Butyl Hydroperoxide. *H NMR Spectroscopy and Chemiluminescence Analyses Jürgen Arnhold11, Oleg M. Panasenkob, Jürgen Schiller1, Klaus Arnold3, Yurij A. Vladimirovb, Valeri) I. Sergienkob a Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik. Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27. D-04103 Leipzig. Bundesrepublik Deutschland b Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine. M. Pirogovskaya la. RUS-119828, Moscow. Russia Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 386-394 (1996); received January 26/February 27. 1996 Hypochlorous Acid. Hydrogen Peroxide, tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide, Singlet Oxygen. Free Radicals, 'H NMR Spectroscopy, Chemiluminescence In contrast to the well-known reaction of hypochlorous acid with hydrogen peroxide, no singlet oxygen is formed as the result of reaction between hypochlorous acid and fm-butyl hydroperoxide. The reaction with hydrogen peroxide yielded a quadratic dependence of light intensity on reactant concentration, a drastic enhancement of luminescence yield using D20 as solvent and only an emission of red light, that are typical characteristics of emission result­ ing from two molecules of delta singlet oxygen. Other chemiluminescence properties were observed using tert-butyl hydroperoxide. There was a linear dependence of light intensity on reactant concentration using rm-butyl hydroperoxide in excess with a decline of emission at higher concentrations. 'H-NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed di-rm-butyl peroxide, fm-butanol and also rm- butyl hypochlorite, acetone and acetate as products of the reaction between hypochlorous acid and fm-butyl hydroperoxide. The formation of di-rm-butyl peroxide is only possible assuming a re/Y-butyloxy radical as primary intermediate product of this reaction. Our results demonstrate that alkoxy radicals derived from organic hydroperoxides can participate in lipid peroxidation induced by hypochlorous acid. On the other hand, singlet oxygen did not influence the yield of peroxidation products. Changing H20 for D20 in suspension of egg yolk phosphaditylcholine no differences in accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive products were observed. Introduction and thioether groups (Winterbourn, 1985; Arn­ Stimulated neutrophils generate the powerful hold et al, 1991) the formation of chloramines oxidant hypochlorous acid in a myeloperoxidase- (Weiss et al, 1982), enzyme inactivation (Wasil et catalysed reaction between hydrogen peroxide al, 1987; Klebanoff, 1988) and also the initiation and chloride anions (Thomas, 1979; Albrich et al, of lipid peroxidation. An increase of primary 1981). Hypochlorous acid contributes to tissue in­ (diene conjugates, hydroperoxides) and secondary jury in a number of diseases including rheumatoid (thiobarbituric acid reactive compounds) products arthritis (Schiller er c//., 1995; 1996), coronary heart of lipid peroxidation in liposomes and lipoproteins disease and others (Fliss, 1988; Klebanoff, 1988; upon the action of hypochlorous acid has been de­ Smith et al, 1989). An involvement of low density tected by several groups (Stelmaszynska et a l, lipoproteins modified by hypochlorous acid into 1992; Evgina et al, 1992; Panasenko et a l, foam cell formation during arteriosclerosis is also 1994a,b). under discussion now (Hazell et al, 1993; 1994). Although hypochlorous acid reacts in lipid sys­ Hypochlorous acid has manifold effects on cell tems with different targets only its reaction with constituents. Among these are the oxidation of organic hydroperoxides previously accumulated functional sites of proteins, especially of sulfhydryl by autoxidation or other processes leads to a pro­ motion of new lipid peroxidation (Panasenko et al, 1995). Other possible reactions of hypochlo­ rous acid such as the chlorohydrin formation with Reprint requests to Dr. Jürgen Arnhold. olefinic double bonds of phospholipid molecules Fax: 0341-9715709. (Winterbourn et al, 1992: Arnhold et al, 1995) or 0939-5075/96/0500-0386 $ 06.00 © 1996 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved. D J. Arnhold et al. ■ HOC1 and Hydroperoxides 387 the oxidation of molecules with an aldehydic func­ copy-grade) were obtained from Fluka, Switzer­ tion did not contribute to additional peroxidation land. H 20 2 was a product from Merck, Germany. reactions (Panasenko et al., 1995). On the other Hexamethylethane was purchased from Aldrich, hand, the chlorohydrin formation diminishes the Germany. Sodium hypochlorite was from Sigma, number of double bonds in lipid systems and thus Germany. Luminol was obtained from Boehringer, also the amount of available substratum for lipid Mannheim, Germany. 2-Thiobarbituric acid was a peroxidation. Consequently, sufficient products of product from Serva, Germany. 7erf-butyl hypo­ lipid peroxidation are only detectable at relatively chlorite was prepared bubbling chlorous gas low concentrations of hypochlorous acid (Pana­ through an alkaline solution of re/Y-butanol senko et al., 1994a). (Metzger, 1989). In the present paper we focused our interest on the reaction mechanism between hypochlorous Solutions acid and organic hydroperoxides and the role of A stock solution of NaOCl was kept in the dark reaction products to promote lipid peroxidation. at 4 °C. Its concentration was determined at pH 7erf-butyl-hydroperoxide and cumene hydroper­ 12 using £290 = 350 M _ 1cm _1 (Morris, 1966). It was oxide have been found to promote additional pro­ diluted with 0.14 mol/1 NaCl, 10 mmol/1 phosphate duction of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive pro­ immediately prior to use and adjusted to pH 7.4. ducts if they are incorporated into egg yolk In some cases the buffer used for dilution was pre­ phosphatidylcholine liposomes (Panasenko et al., pared with D 20. 1995). This increase in TBA-reactive compounds A stock solution of H 20 2 was prepared in phos­ can be inhibited by the free radical scavenger bu- phate buffer using H20 or D 20. Its concentration tylated hydroxytoluene. On the other hand, hy­ was determined spectrophotometrically using drogen peroxide did not influence the yield of e 230 - 74 M - 1cm _1 (Beers et al., 1952). TBA-reactive products (Panasenko et al., 1994a), although hydrogen peroxide is known to yield sin­ Liposome preparation and incubation with glet oxygen in its reaction with hypochlorous acid hypochlorous acid (Khan et al., 1970; Held et al., 1978). Singlet oxy­ gen itself is assumed to be a potent agent to induce 1 ml of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine dissolved peroxidation reactions (Thomas et al., 1980; Fran­ in chloroform ( 6 mg/ml) were given in a round- kel et al., 1982). bottom flask and evaporated to dryness using a The objection of the present paper is to compare rotary evaporator. Multilamellar liposomes were the reaction of hypochlorous acid with hydrogen prepared by dissolving the lipid film in 3 ml 0.14 peroxide and with organic hydroperoxides to es­ mol/1 NaCl, 10 mmol/1 phosphate (pH 7.4) and tablish differences between these two reactions vortexing rigorously for 30 seconds. and to characterize mechanisms responsible for In order to induce peroxidation aliquots of lipo­ initiation of lipid peroxidation. Using chemilumi- some samples (final concentration 2 mg/ml) were nescence detection and 'H-nuclear magnetic reso­ incubated with NaOCl at 37 °C for 40 min. Final nance spectroscopy results are obtained favouring concentrations of NaOCl varied from 0.05 to 3 the appearance of free radicals immediately dur­ mmol/1. Control measurements revealed that the ing the reaction of hypochlorous acid with or­ pH value remains at 7.4 after the addition of ganic hydroperoxides. NaOCl. A number of experiments was made using buffer and NaOCl solutions prepared on D 20. Material and Methods Malondialdehyde was determined by its reac­ Chemicals tion with thiobarbituric acid (Uchiyama et al., 7e/t-butyl hydroperoxide (70% solution in 1978). H 20), cumene hydroperoxide, rm-butanol, di -tert- Chemiluminescence butyl peroxide, rm-butyl methyl ether, 2 -methyl- propene, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, D 20, 200 [.il of NaOCl solution (1-50 mmol/1, final CDCI3 and all organic solvents (in UV-spectros- concentration) in phosphate buffer was placed 388 J. Arnhold et al. ■ HOC1 and Hydroperoxides into plastic vials of the luminometer AutoLumat LB 953 (Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Berthold. Wild- bad, Germany). Then 50 |il of H 20 2 (final concen­ tration 2 - 1 0 ”* mol/ 1) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (final concentration 2 - 1 0 “ 1 mol/ 1) was added by means of an injector device. Total light intensities were determined using an integration time of 10 s. In some cases a cut-off filter (A>600 nm) was placed between the photomultiplier and reaction tube. Only red light photons were counted by this approach. NMR measurements NaOCl, mmol/l Solutions of tert-butyl hydroperoxide either pre­ Fig. 1. Chemiluminescence intensities in the result of re­ pared in phosphate buffered saline or D20 were action of different amounts of NaOCl and hydrogen per­ incubated with NaOCl at 25 °C for 15 min. The oxide (2 -1 0 '1 mol/1, final concentration). 50 |ol H20 2 was concentration ratios between rm-butyl hydroper­ injected into 200 ul NaOCl solution made in 0.14 mol/1 NaCl, 10 mmol/l phosphate, pH 7.4. Photons were oxide and hypochlorous acid are indicated in the counted over 10 s. A cut-off filter (X>600 nm) was placed Results section. Then 1 ml of the reaction mixture between reaction tube and photomultiplier in some ex­ was thoroughly mixed with 1 ml CDCI 3. After a periments (full symbols).
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