People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University Djilali Liabes –Sidi Bel-Abbès Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of English Woman Search for an Authentic Identity beyond Time and Space in Claire Messud’s The Last Life Thesis Submitted to the Department of English in the Candidacy for the Degree of “Doctorat” ‘in British, American and Commonwealth Studies Presented By Supervised By Mrs. Souhila BOUKHLIFA Prof. Fewzia BEDJAOUI Board of Examiners President Prof. Belabbes OUERRAD (Professor) University of Sidi Belabbes Supervisor Prof. Fewzia BEDJAOUI (Professor) University of Sidi Belabbes Internal Examiner Prof. M.Y.BOULENOUAR (Professor) University of Sidi Belabbes External Examiner Prof. Ilhem SERIR (Professor) Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen External Examiner Dr. Omar AZZOUG (MCA) Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen External Examiner Dr. Frid DAOUDI (MCA) (MCA) Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen Academic Year: 2017-2018 Dedications To the memory of my cherished father Ali, may Allah rest his soul! To my much-loved mother and to my treasured daughter, Malek I Acknowledgments I am heartedly thankful to my supervisor Prof. Fewzia BEDJAOUI whose rich advice and support enabled me to realize this research thesis. I should also express my deepest gratitude and thanks to the jury members: Dr. Belabbes OURRAD, Prof. Mohamed, Y, BOULENOUAR, Prof. Ilhem SERRIR, Dr. Omar AZZOUG and Dr. Frid DAOUDI for accepting to read and to evaluate my work. I am very grateful to Mrs. Mebarka MENAOUAR, the teacher of Arts for her valuable advice. I am indebted to my colleague and Friend Mrs Hayat Mokeddem for her help at any time I felt in need I am very indebted to Prof. Tewfik BENABDELLAH, the Director of IPSIL Laboratory in ENPO of Oran for his encouragements and support. At last and not at least, my greatest gratitude goes to my darling mother whose memories have been a source of my inspiration. I owe singular thanks to my step-sister Keltoum and my sister Ibtissem who took care of my daughter all along the realisation of my research. This investigation could not come to the light if my siblings: Fatiha, Mokhtar, Sid Ahmed and Fatima have not supported me with their patience and encouragement. II Abstract Space and place have historically been the subject matter of geographers. Yet, due to the humanistic and the historical geographies, they have been attached to the human being since s/he seems to be the only responsible for their transformations, over time, from space to place or vice versa. Creating a personal geography then may depend on the individuals’ endeavours and drives. However, the lure towards a certain local which may differ from one to another depending on individual experiences contributes, to a great extent, to the de/construction of his/her identity. Claire Messud’s Bildungsroman The Last Life, for instance, stands for a clear image of three pieds-noirs generations and their dis/integration in a place, i.e. France. Their sudden departure and the end of the ‘French Algeria’ have caused a great despair among them when their paradise was officially lost in 1962. Because a structured and a traditional documentation could not be sufficient to understand why certain events have taken place in the past as they are still confusing generations over time, the aforementioned work seems to be an adequate means to reconsider them. Furthermore, when some of the pieds-noirs have accepted to testify and to talk about Algeria, in different documentaries and interviews, others preferred voicing their emotions and depression through their writings whereas other ones did it through different types of arts. Their Algeria, still exists as they are still querying about what remains of their memories which can be found, only, in the moans of their stories on the one hand and about what they can tell to their children about it on the other. The present work’s main objective then is to picture the extent to which Claire’s protagonist is affected by her ancestors’ past and how could their traumatic memories about a place transgress her mind’s and psych’s space. Because their Original Sin which is related to Augustine of Hippo’ s philosophy as it has been adapted by Albers Camus’s ‘La Chute’, ‘The Fall’, Sagesse has decided to detach herself from the other selves, i.e. her family. She has found in America her lure as she considers it a land of opportunity which may help her to seek a new identity. III List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AOS: Organisation de l’Armée Secrète, Organization of the Secret Army: it is a French political-military organization founded on 11 February 1961 to defend the French presence in Algeria by all means. ARS Académie Royale des Science, Royal Academy of Sciences ARTE: Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne, TV Channel AF: Association Française, French Association AFAS: Association Française pour l’Avancement des Sciences (French Association for the Advancement of Sciences. BE: Bureaux Arabes, Arabes Affices: they were a linking point between the French coloniser and the Algerian colonised. CA: Content Analysis: a research method. CWIC: Key Words In Context: a strategy in quantitative MCA. Doc: Documentary: used in the third Chapter ENA : Etoile Nord-Africaine, North-African Star: Missali el Hadj’s 1926 mouvement FLN: Front de Libération Nationale, Liberation National Front. Fr3: France Trois : TV Channel GPRA : Provitional Government of the Republic of Algeria, Gouvernement provisoire de la République d'Algérie : It included members from the FLN who were allowed to negotiate the Algerian independence with the French Government. KWIC : Key Words In Context : part of quantitative research in MCA MCA : Media Content Analyis : A multidisciplinary research method: A branch of CA MPA : Manifest du Peuple Algérien, Manifesto of the Algerian People, Farhat Abbes’ 1943Mouvement. NF: National Front: it is a French political party founded in 1972, originally known as the: National Front for French and chaired by Jean-Marie Le Pen PKK: Kurdistan Workers' Party, in Kurdish: (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan): A Kurdish organisation which struggled for the separation from Turkey. IV PPA: Parti du Peuple Algérien, Algerian People’s Party, Missali El-hadj’s ENA modified in1937. RCT: Rational Choice Theory PRCT: Political Rational Choice Theory. WAA: Women of Algiers in their Apartment: A painting Wff: Well-formed formula: a formal abbreviation V List of Figures Figure I.1: The Chronological Passage of Time in the Human Inner…………….. ..28 Figure I.2 Examples about John Stilgos and William Pronon’s View to Landscape... 31 Figure II.1: Bureaux Arabes (BA)……………………………………………………60 Figure I.2: Women of Algiers in their Apartments…………………………………...68 Figure. I.3: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, ‘The Turkish Bath (1862)………...….69 Figure. I. 4: View of Algiers in the 17th Century……………………………….……71 Figure I.5: Representation of the City of Al- Djazair: Panorama d’Alger 1832……..73 Figure :I. 6: Map of Algeria and Tunisia…………………………………………….80 Figure I. 7: Comparison of the Coloniser’s Impact on the Indigenous Population…...88 Figure III.1 The Mayor of Marseille, Gaston Deffere’s Declaration………………..116 Figure III. .3. Pieds-noirs, to the See! ..........................................................................117 Fig III.2: An Acculturated Pieds-Noirs Woman………………………………….…118 Figure VI. 1: The Last Life’s Front Page……………………………………………184 VI List of Tables Table I.1 Anna Freud’s main Defence Mechanisms……………………………...….23 List of Graphs Graph II.1: Comparison of the European and the indigenous’ income by 1954….….81 Graph III. 1: Comparison of pieds-Noirs Names’ Determination…………………..112 Graph III.2 Comaparison of the Pieds-Noirs’ Occupational Roles in France ….…..113 Graph III.3: Sub-divisions of the pieds-noirs’ Occupational Roles in France…...…113 Graph III. 4 Comparison of the pieds-Noirs’ Physical Appearance in Doc A ……..114 Graph III.6 Comparison of Pieds-Noirs’ Physical Appearance in Doc B… …….…115 Graph III. 7Comparison of the Pied-noirs’ Psyches in both Documentaries……....135 VII Table of contents Dedication………………………………… …………………………………………..I Acknowledgements………………………..………………………………………..…II Abstract………………………………………… …………………………………....III List of Acronyms…………………………………………… ……………………....III List of Figures……………………………… ……………………………………...IV List of Tables…………………………………………………………………….……V List of Graphs……………………………………………………………...………....VI Coding List………………………………………………………………..………....VII Table of Contents……………………………………………………...................... VIII General Iintroduction..................................................................................................1 Chapter One: Space, Place and Identity Re/Construction over Time I.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….9 I.2. Michel Foucault’s the Archaeology of Knowledge (1971) .....................................11 I.3. Political Rational Choice Theory…………………………………………………12 I.4 Archetypes and psyches through Different Perspectives ............................................... 20 I.5What about Post/Memory ...................................................................................................... 26 I.6Space, Place and Time .......................................................................................................... .29 I.7The Power of Landscape........................................................................................................ 31 I.8Time, Place and Identity ......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics
    GETTY GEBERT IMAGES/ANDREAS The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics By Max Hoffman, Alan Makovsky, and Michael Werz December 2020 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Key findings 9 Detailed findings and country analyses 34 Conclusion 37 About the authors and acknowledgments 38 Appendix: Citizenship laws and migration history in brief 44 Endnotes Introduction and summary More than 5 million people of Turkish descent live in Europe outside Turkey itself, a human connection that has bound Turkey and the wider European community together since large-scale migration began in the 1960s.1 The questions of immigra- tion, citizenship, integration, assimilation, and social exchange sparked by this migra- tion and the establishment of permanent Turkish diaspora communities in Europe have long been politically sensitive. Conservative and far-right parties in Europe have seized upon issues of migration and cultural diversity, often engaging in fearmonger- ing about immigrant communities and playing upon some Europeans’ anxiety about rapid demographic change. Relations between the European Union—as well as many of its constituent member states—and Turkey have deteriorated dramatically in recent years. And since 2014, Turks abroad, in Europe and elsewhere around the world, have been able to vote in Turkish elections, leading to active campaigning by some Turkish leaders in European countries. For these and several other reasons, political and aca- demic interest in the Turkish diaspora and its interactions
    [Show full text]
  • Transformation from Tent to Room: Room of Traditional Turkish House
    IJASOS- International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol. III, Issue 9, December 2017 TRANSFORMATION FROM TENT TO ROOM: ROOM OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSE Deniz Demirarslan Ass.Prof Dr.,Kocaeli University, TURKEY, [email protected] Abstract The room has a function of nucleus in the formation of Turkish House which has an important place in the sense of traditional residence features in the world and the planning of this residence begins with room. Therefore, this residence is a phenomenon that develops from inner space through outer space. The formation of the room of traditional Turkish house is influenced by various elements. On top of them there come the requirements of nomads and Turkish-Islamic life style. The effects of these are clearly observed in the architectural design and decoration of the room which is shaped by the features of traditional life and bestows its design characteristics from nomad tent. Before immigrating to Anatolia from 11th century A.D., Turks have lived mostly a nomadic life in Middle Asia. Therefore, just like in other Middle Asia cultures; Turks have lived in temporary shelters. After settling in Anatolia and before that after accepting Islam; Turks have started to lead a sedentary life and formed a new living culture with the effect of various Anatolian civilizations, notably the Byzantines. In this way, a type of residence which is built in Anatolia, Balkans and Caucasus in the period of Ottoman Empire has emerged. The room of this type of house which lasted from 15th century to the second half of 19th century forms the nucleus of design.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Turkey S Immigration and Emigration Dilemmas at the Gate Of
    Migración y Desarrollo ISSN: 1870-7599 [email protected] Red Internacional de Migración y Desarrollo México Avci, Gamze; KIRI¿CI, Kemal Turkeys immigration and emigration dilemmas at the gate of the european union Migración y Desarrollo, núm. 7, segundo semestre, 2006, pp. 123-173 Red Internacional de Migración y Desarrollo Zacatecas, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66000706 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TURKEY’S IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION DILEMMAS TURKEY’S IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION DILEMMAS AT THE GATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION GAMZE AVCI KEMAL KIRIŞCI* ABSTRACT. This paper examines the emigration and immigration system of Turkey and its cor- related visions of development. For that purpose, the paper will study the major characteristics and dynamics of emigration from Turkey into Europe (in particular Germany and the Nether- lands), and the major impact on host societies as well as on Turkey. The analysis gives particular attention to the extent to which Turkish emigration and the Turkish Diaspora have influenced economic, political and social development in Turkey. In a similar manner, we will examine the evolving nature of immigration into Turkey. Finally, we give attention to the place of these issues in EU–Turkish relations. The parallel development of Turkish migrants becoming per- manent residents in Europe and of Turkey receiving new – potentially permanent – migrants from its surrounding region are discussed with a close look at what kind of impact this has on Turkey itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking?
    CYPRUS CENTRE 2/2007 REPORT 2/2007 Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking? Shrinking? Cypriot Population Turkish Is the The demography of north Cyprus is one of the most contested issues related to the island’s division. In particular, the number of indigenous Turkish Cypriots and Turkish immigrants living in the north has long been a source of dispute, not only among the island’s diplomats and politicians but also among researchers and activists. Until recently, the political use of demog- raphy has hindered comprehensive study of the ethno-demographic make-up of the north, while at the same time making a thorough demographic study all the more imperative. The present report addresses this situation by providing an analysis of the results of the 2006 census of north Cyprus, comparing these fi gures with the results of the previous census. The report focuses mainly on identifying the percentage of the population of north Cyprus who are of Turkish-mainland origin and also possess Turkish Cypriot citizenship – an important factor given claims that such citizens play an signifi cant role in elections in the north. In addi- tion, the report examines the arrival dates of Turkish nationals in order to analyze patterns of migration. This, in turn, is indicative of the numbers of naturalized Turkish Cypriot citizens who have arrived in Cyprus as part of an offi cial policy. The report also presents estimates for Turkish Cypriot emigration to third countries, based on immigration and census fi gures from the two main host countries: the United Kingdom and Australia. Following analysis of these latter fi gures and the results of the 2006 census, it is argued that claims of massive emigration by Turkish Cypriots to third countries are largely misleading.
    [Show full text]
  • Official General Report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page
    Official general report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Information on the country 6 2.1. Basic facts 6 2.1.1. Country and people 6 2.1.2. History 8 2.2. System of government 17 2.3. Political developments 20 2.3.1. Internal relations 20 2.3.2. External forces 31 2.4. Security situation 36 2.5. Social and economic situation 48 2.6. Conclusions 53 3. Human rights 55 3.1. Safeguards 55 3.1.1. Constitution 55 3.1.2. Other national legislation 55 3.1.3. Conventions 56 3.2. Monitoring 56 3.3. Respect and violations 58 3.3.1. Freedom of opinion 58 3.3.2. Freedom of association and of assembly 59 3.3.3. Freedom of religion 60 3.3.4. Freedom of movement 73 3.3.5. Judicial process 83 3.3.6. Arrest and detention 84 3.3.7. Maltreatment and torture 87 3.3.8. Extra-judicial executions and murders 87 10804/00 dre/LG/mc 2 DG H I EN 3.3.9. Death penalty 87 3.4. Position of specific groups 88 3.4.1. Turkmens 88 3.4.2. Staff of international organisations 91 3.4.3. Conscripts, deserters and servicemen 96 3.4.4. Independent intellectuals and journalists 98 3.4.5. Prominent political activists 99 3.4.6. Fayli Kurds 99 3.4.7. Women 101 3.4.8. Orphaned minors 104 3.5. Summary 104 4. Refugees and displaced persons 106 4.1. Motives 106 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkmen of Iraq
    Turkmen of Iraq By Mofak Salman Kerkuklu 1 Mofak Salman Kerkuklu Turkmen of Iraq Dublin –Ireland- 2007 2 The Author Mofak Salman Kerkuklu graduated in England with a BSc Honours in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Oxford Brookes University and completed MSc’s in both Medical Electronic and Physics at London University and a MSc in Computing Science and Information Technology at South Bank University. He is also a qualified Charter Engineer from the Institution of Engineers of Ireland. Mr. Mofak Salman is an author of a book “ Brief History of Iraqi Turkmen”. He is the Turkmeneli Party representative for both Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. He has written a large number of articles that were published in various newspapers. 3 Purpose and Scope This book was written with two clear objectives. Firstly, to make an assessment of the current position of Turkmen in Iraq, and secondly, to draw the world’s attention to the situation of the Turkmen. This book would not have been written without the support of Turkmen all over the world. I wish to reveal to the world the political situation and suffering of the Iraqi Turkmen under the Iraqi regime, and to expose Iraqi Kurdish bandits and reveal their premeditated plan to change the demography of the Turkmen-populated area. I would like to dedicate this book to every Turkmen who has been detained in Iraqi prisons; to Turkmen who died under torture in Iraqi prisons; to all Turkmen whose sons and daughters were executed by the Iraqi regime; to all Turkmen who fought and died without seeing a free Turkmen homeland; and to the Turkmen City of Kerkuk, which is a bastion of cultural and political life for the Turkmen resisting the Kurdish occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    December 2016 Volume: 6, No: 2, pp. 325 – 336 ISSN: 2046-4436 e-ISSN: 2046-4444 tplondon.com/bordercrossing Article history: Received 27 July 2016 Accepted 27 August 2016 Meaning and Functions of Norwegian-Turkish Vernacular Space in Drammen, Norway Karolina Nikielska-Sekula± Abstract This paper discusses the functions and meaning of Norwegian-Turkish vernacular space in Norway. Employing the Foucauldian concept of heterotopia, it analyzes Turkish ethnic clubs in Drammen - a midsized city situated in the western part of Norway. In 2013, 25% of the city’s inhabitants were of an immigrant background with the majority (13.5%) being of Turkish origin (Høydahl, 2014). Most of them arrived in the city as “guest workers” in the late 1960s and 1970s, and were followed afterwards by other members of their families. Due to their prolonged residence, they have managed to make an imprint on the city’s landscape. This study shows that Norwegian-Turkish ethnic clubs are heterotopias of Norwegian society, in a Foucauldian understanding of the term. They embody practices, discourses and signs of identity originating from Turkey, being at the same time ordered by the rules of Norwegian society. I argue that those transnational spaces, labeled as “foreign,” and linked to Turkey, bear strong influences from the host society and should be regarded as Norwegian-Turkish, rather than Turkish. Keywords: heterotopia; immigrant neighborhoods; Norway; Turkey; vernacular space. Introduction Migratory processes from Turkey to Europe has gained a wide attention from the academia after 1960s wave of guest workers migration. Among the studies focusing on Turks in Europe, an important branch of research was dedicated to various aspects of Turkish run businesses and so-called immigrant neighborhoods populated by people of Turkish origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Diaspora Tourism and the Issue of Belonging - the Case of Second-Generation Pakistanis in Denmark
    Diaspora tourism and the issue of belonging - The case of second-generation Pakistanis in Denmark Salik Rehman, Aalborg Universitet Table of content Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Diaspora tourism and Pakistani diaspora communities .......................................................................... 6 1.2 Research question & Relevance .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Significance of Research .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Key Terms ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Thesis outline ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2: Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Understanding diaspora tourism – its definition and characteristics. .................................................. 12 2.2 Diaspora tourism, identity and belonging
    [Show full text]
  • Download?Doi=10.1.1.422.268&Rep= Rep1&Type=Pdf
    Careja and Bevelander Comparative Migration Studies (2018) 6:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0076-4 ORIGINALARTICLE Open Access Using population registers for migration and integration research: examples from Denmark and Sweden Romana Careja1* and Pieter Bevelander2 * Correspondence: [email protected] ’ 1University of Southern Denmark, Abstract: The paper starts from the observation that research on immigrants Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, integration trajectories needs detailed information, both objective and attitudinal, Denmark and ideally longitudinal. This study uses the cases of Denmark and Sweden – whose Full list of author information is ’ ’ available at the end of the article registers produce detailed records about all natives and immigrants lives in their host countries – in order to, first, review existing research on immigrants and their integration and, second, discuss the way in which register data are used, their caveats and their potential. The study finds that, in Denmark and Sweden, registers provide systematic objective data which are fully available to researchers and have the potential to help in the collection of high-quality subjective data. However, the population registers have some traits which may impact on the representativeness of the samples. The authors argue that, if researchers are aware of the caveats, registers can be used to obtain representative samples of immigrants, and register data can be complemented with survey-based attitudinal data, thus opening up new research opportunities for testing propositions on integration theories. Keywords: Register-based information, Register-based sampling, Immigrants, Integration, Sweden, Denmark Introduction From social cohesion to diversity, and from inequality to identity formation, immi- grants’ integration challenges many contemporary European societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersion, Diaspora Identity and Belonging: a Case Study on the Turkish Migrants in Copenhagen
    115 Chapter 6 Dispersion, Diaspora Identity and Belonging: A Case Study on the Turkish Migrants in Copenhagen Can Eminoğlu Bilkent University, Turkey ABSTRACT Turks are one of those migrants living in Europe with constituting majority of the migrants in the coun- try of residence and Denmark is among those countries that opened its doors to Turks since 1960’s. In this research, I specifically focus on the diaspora consciousness, relations and belonging of the Turkish migrants in Denmark. In doing that, Copenhagen is chosen as the city for the case study. Focusing on the Turkish diaspora and reflection of the sociological realities in the issue of integration to Denmark is the basis of this research. I use qualitative research method and interviewed with 7 migrants from Turkey in living in Copenhagen while conducting my research applying structured interview method. In this study, I have found out that diaspora identity has a significant role in getting integrated to Denmark. As a result of these, migrant Turkish identity becomes bolder which has a direct affect in the level of integration to Denmark. INTRODUCTION Research Design, Research Questions, and Argument Although there are a numerous academic researches and studies on the immigrants from Turkey in Western Europe, it is an unfortunate fact that there is an obvious scarcity of academic research on the Turks in Denmark. For that reason, author finds it beneficial to research migrant Turks in Denmark not only to get an analytical knowledge on these people but also to create an academic work that would be able to facilitate, foster and encourage future researches on the same topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Charsley, K. A. H., & Liversage, A. (2015). Silenced Husbands: Muslim
    Charsley, K. A. H., & Liversage, A. (2015). Silenced Husbands: Muslim Marriage Migration and Masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 489-508. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X15575112 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1177/1097184X15575112 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Sage at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1097184X15575112. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Silenced Husbands: Muslim marriage migration and masculinity (part of ‘Invisible (Migrant) Man’ Special Issue submission) Author 1 (For Correspondence): Katharine Charsley, University of Bristol Address: School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies 11 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK Email: [email protected] Telephone (no fax available): +44 (0) 117 331 0609 Author 2: Anika Liversage, SFI (Danish National Centre for Social Research) Address: Herluf Trolles Gade 11 DK- 1052 København K, Denmark Email: [email protected] Telephone: +45 3348 0857 Fax: +45 33 48 08 33 1 Author Bios Katharine Charsley is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Bristol. Her main research interests are in gender and migration, particularly transnational marriage, and in South Asian diaspora. Her most recent publications include an ethnographic monograph Transnational Pakistani Connections: marrying ‘back home’ (2013, Routledge) and an edited collection Transnational Marriage: new perspectives from Europe and Beyond (2012, Routledge).
    [Show full text]
  • FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, and the GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu a Thesis
    FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Sciences Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Umut Özsu (2011) Abstract FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE Umut Özsu Doctor of Juridical Sciences (S.J.D.) Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2011 This dissertation concerns a crucial episode in the international legal history of nation-building: the Greek-Turkish population exchange. Supported by Athens and Ankara, and implemented largely by the League of Nations, the population exchange showcased the new pragmatism of the post-1919 order, an increased willingness to adapt legal doctrine to local conditions. It also exemplified a new mode of non-military nation-building, one initially designed for sovereign but politico-economically weak states on the semi-periphery of the international legal order. The chief aim here, I argue, was not to organize plebiscites, channel self-determination claims, or install protective mechanisms for vulnerable minorities Ŕ all familiar features of the Allied Powers‟ management of imperial disintegration in central and eastern Europe after the First World War. Nor was the objective to restructure a given economy and society from top to bottom, generating an entirely new legal order in the process; this had often been the case with colonialism in Asia and Africa, and would characterize much of the mandates system ii throughout the interwar years. Instead, the goal was to deploy a unique mechanism Ŕ not entirely in conformity with European practice, but also distinct from non-European governance regimes Ŕ to reshape the demographic composition of Greece and Turkey.
    [Show full text]