Wire Rope Slings 55 Pride
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
55 Wire Rope Slings Wire Wire Rope Slings Like wire rope itself, wire rope slings are one of the most fundamental and versatile components of modern rigging. In addition to standard loops, wire rope slings are available with a wide variety of end terminations, each of which has been designed for a specific purpose and application. A basic wire rope sling is fabricated by cutting a length of wire rope, unlaying the rope a bit at each end, and weaving the wires back together in the form of a loop. Then, the rope tails are secured by tucking them into a swaging sleeve. Yarbrough Cable fabricates wire rope and cable slings using cable and wire rope diameters from 1/4 inch to 4-1/2 inch. All Yarbrough slings are available with a wide range of standard and custom end terminations and treatments in place of standard eyes. Yarbrough uses small diameter aircraft cable and EIPS or EEIPS IWRC wire rope to fabricate wire rope slings. Wire rope slings fabricated with fiber center wire rope are available on special request. Unless otherwise requested, Flemish eye mechanical splices are used on all Yarbrough wire rope slings. Hand tucked splices are available on special request. © 2015 Yarbrough Cable Service, LLC Pride. Integrity. Quality. 56 How to Measure and Specify Wire Rope Slings The standard eye/eye wire rope sling is illustrated below. Two dimensions are required to specify this wire rope sling: 1. Wire rope diameter. 2. Sling length. Wire Rope Slings Wire The length of a wire rope sling is measured from the bearing surface of one eye to the to bearing surface of the opposite eye, as shown in the following diagram. The size of standard eyes for wire rope slings are shown in the following table. These dimensions should be considered approximate as they will vary slightly depending on the splicing technique used by the individual who actually fabricates the sling. Sling Length Width Eye Eye Length Body Memphis, TN • 800 . 395 . 5438 © 2015 Yarbrough Cable Service, LLC Little Rock, AR • 800 . 749 . 3690 Yarbrough Cable Service 57 Unless otherwise specified, standard eyes in wire rope sling eye size is that it measures Rope Slings Wire all wire rope slings fabricated by Yarbrough approximately eight (8) sling body diameters will have these approximate dimensions. wide by sixteen (16) body diameters long, up to The general rule of thumb used to calculate 3 inch diameter. Wire RopeImportant Slings note – Approximate on wire rope slingSizes eye of Standard size: When Eyes fabricating wire rope slings with Flemish eye mechanical splices, it is not possible to create eyes in an infinite range of sizes. Though some adjustment is possible, splicers are generally limited to creating eye sizes which are multiples of rope lay—the helical twist of wire rope strands created when the wire rope itself is manufactured. Contact a Yarbrough representative to discuss your needs if the application requires sling eyes of a specific and/or critical size. Wire Rope Slings – Approximate Sizes of Standard Eyes Wire Rope Size Sling Eye Width Sling Eye Length (diameter in inches) (inches) (inches) 1/4 in. 3 in. 6 in. 5/16 in. 3 in. 6 in. 3/8 in. 4 in. 8 in. 7/16 in. 4 in. 8 in. 1/2 in. 4 in. 8 in. 9/16 in. 5 in. 10 in. 5/8 in. 5 in. 10 in. 3/4 in. 6 in. 12 in. 7/8 in. 7 in. 14 in. 1 in. 8 in. 16 in. 1-1/8 in. 9 in. 18 in. 1-1/4 in. 10 in. 20 in. 1-3/8 in. 11 in. 22 in. 1-1/2 in. 12 in. 24 in. 1-3/4 in. 14 in. 28 in. 2 in. 16 in. 32 in. 2-1/4 in. 18 in. 36 in. 2-1/2 in. 20 in. 40 in. 2-3/4 in. 22 in. 44 in. 3 in. 24 in. 48 in. 3-1/2 in. 36 in. 72 in. 4 in. 45 in. 90 in. 4-1/2 in. 55 in. 110 in. © 2015 Yarbrough Cable Service, LLC Muscle Shoals, AL • 256 . 383 . 3212 Pride. Integrity. Quality. Pascagoula, MS • 228 . 712 . 2933 58 Minimum sling body length is the minimum The hand tucked splice is one in which a loop distance between splices, sleeves, or fittings. is formed at the end of a piece of wire rope Generally, the minimum body length for single- by splicing the dead (short) end into the live part slings is equal to ten (10) times the sling (long) end of the rope. Each dead end strand body diameter. This allows approximately one is manually tucked between, over, and around and one half (1-1/2) rope lays between splices. a live end strand several times, thus the name: For multi-part (braided) slings, the minimum hand tucked splice. The advantage of a hand body length between splices is forty (40) times tucked splice is that it is physically small, having the component rope diameter. a diameter only slightly greater than the wire Wire Rope Slings Wire rope itself. This allows the sling eye to be passed Allowable length tolerance for single-part slings through spaces where a mechanical splice is generally plus or minus two (2) body diameters, would not fit because of the diameter of the or plus or minus 0.5% of the sling length, steel sleeve. whichever is greater. The legs of bridle slings are normally held to within one (1) body diameter. The return loop splice or turnback eye is fabricated by forming a loop at the end of the Wire Rope Sling Capacity rope, sliding one or more metal sleeves over The rated capacity of any wire rope sling is the short end of the loop eye and pressing the based on the minimum breaking force of the sleeve(s) to secure the end of the rope to the wire rope used in the sling and other factors sling body. The drawback of this type of splice which affect the overall strength of the sling. is that the lifting capacity of the sling depends These other factors include: entirely upon the integrity of the pressed or swaged metal sleeve. Return loop splices are • Efficiency of the eye splice or end termination used almost exclusively on small diameter attachment. aircraft cable, in sizes below 3/8 inch diameter. • Number of parts of rope in the sling (applies to The Flemish eye splice is fabricated by braided slings only). opening or unlaying the rope body into two • Type of hitch with which the sling is attached parts, one having three strands and the other to the load (straight pull, choker hitch, basket having the remaining three strands and the hitch, etc.). • Diameter around which the body of the sling is bent (D/d ratio). • Diameter of the pin or hook that attaches the sling to the lifting or pulling apparatus. The wire rope sling capacity tables presented later in this section take these and other factors—including design factor—into account when presenting wire rope sling capacity. Wire Rope Sling Splices There are three basic splice types: hand tucked, return loop mechanical, and Flemish eye mechanical. Memphis, TN • 800 . 395 . 5438 © 2015 Yarbrough Cable Service, LLC Little Rock, AR • 800 . 749 . 3690 Yarbrough Cable Service 59 core. The rope is unlaid to allow the loop or Yarbrough uses return loop splices on aircraft Rope Slings Wire eye to be formed by looping one part in one cable slings below 1/4 inch diameter and, direction and the other part in the opposite depending on the application, for some aircraft direction, and then laying the rope back cable slings from 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch diameter. together. The ends of the strands are rolled around the rope body and a metal sleeve is Wire Rope Splice Efficiency slipped over the ends of the splice and pressed Nominal splice efficiency refers to the (swaged) to secure the ends to the body of effectiveness of the sling splice. Any time wire the sling. Because the eye splice is formed by rope is disturbed, as when splicing an eye, the actually laying the rope strands back together, strength of the rope is reduced. This reduction the strength of the eye does not depend on the must be taken into account when calculating swaged sleeve alone. the rated capacity of a wire rope sling. Yarbrough Cable typically fabricates wire Sling Hitches rope slings with Flemish eye mechanical Depending on the type of hitch used to attach splices. Hand tucked splices are available the sling to the load, the capacity of the sling from Yarbrough Cable on a special order basis. may be increased or decreased. Splice Efficiency for Wire Rope – Flemish Eye Mechanical Splice Wire Rope Size Type of Wire Rope – IPS and EIP Steel Grades (diameter in inches) IWRC Fiber Core 1/4 through 1 in. 95% 92.5% 1-1/8 through 2 in. 92.5% 89% 2-1/8 in. and larger 90% 87% Splice Efficiency for Wire Rope – Hand Tucked Splice Wire Rope Size Type of Wire Rope – IPS, EIPS, and EEIPS Steel Grades (diameter in inches) IWRC 1/4 in. 90% 5/16 in. 89% 3/8 in. 88% 7/16 in. 87% 1/2 in. 86% 9/16 in. 85% 5/8 in. 84% 3/4 in. 82% 7/8 through 2-1/2 in. 80% © 2015 Yarbrough Cable Service, LLC Muscle Shoals, AL • 256 . 383 . 3212 Pride. Integrity. Quality. Pascagoula, MS • 228 . 712 . 2933 60 A vertical basket hitch, in which the body of are usually much less than 135°.