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Data on the Occurrence of Species of the Paramecium Aurelia Complex World-Wide

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Data on the Occurrence of Species of the Paramecium Aurelia Complex World-Wide Protistology 1 (4), 179–184 (2000) Protistology August, 2000 Data on the occurrence of species of the Paramecium aurelia complex world-wide Ewa Przybo and Sergei Fokin1 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland, 1 Biological Research Institute of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Summary At present 15 species of the Paramecium aurelia complex are known world-wide (Sonneborn, 1975; Aufderheide et al., 1983). Data on their distribution in the Americas, Africa, and Australia are mainly in the papers cited above, the following ones are cosmopolitan: P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. tetraurelia, and P. sexaurelia. Data on the distribution of species of the P. aurelia complex in Asia are scattered in the literature and rather rare, P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. tetraurelia, P. sexaurelia, and P. novaurelia were there recorded. The greatest data on distribution and frequency of occurrence of the particular species of the P. aurelia complex concerns Europe. As far as Europe is concerned, the following conclusions were drawn: P. novaurelia is a dominant species (found in 178 habitats among 459 studied), P. biaurelia is a frequent one (in 151 habitats), while P. primaurelia (in 103 habitats) is also characteristic but less frequent. Other species known from Europe are rare. Key words: frequency of species occurrence, geographical distribution, Paramecium aurelia spp. complex At present 15 species of the P. aurelia complex are occurrence of the particular species of the P. aurelia com- known world-wide (Sonneborn,1975; Aufderheide et al., plex concerns Europe (Table 3). The following species 1983). have been recorded there: P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. Data on their distribution in the Americas, Africa, and triaurelia, P. tetraurelia, P. pentaurelia, P. sexaurelia, P. Australia are mainly in the papers cited above (Table 1). novaurelia, and P. tredecaurelia (Przybo, 1991). Recently, Among known species of the complex the following ones P. octaurelia was found in Western Germany (Stoeck and are cosmopolitan: P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. Schmidt, 1998). The number of investigated clones and tetraurelia, and P. sexaurelia. Some of the species were habitats (Table 3) as well as the ratio value (r.v.), i.e. the found in two continents, i.e. P. octaurelia and P. number of habitats for a defined species to the total num- tredecaurelia, while others are known from the USA alone ber of habitats in the area (country or zone) were taken (P. septaurelia, P. decaurelia, P. undecaurelia, P. into consideration (Table 4) when the frequency of spe- dodecaurelia, and P. sonneborni) or only from Australia cies occurrence was estimated. (P. quadecaurelia). As far as Europe is concerned, the following conclu- Data on the distribution of species of the P. aurelia sions were drawn: complex in Asia (Table 2) are scattered in the literature 1. P. novaurelia is a dominant species (r. v. 0.39, found and rather rare. The species were recorded in 31 habitats, in 178 habitats among 459 studied in Europe), P. P. biaurelia appearing in 14, P. primaurelia in 9, while biaurelia is a frequent one (r. v. 0.33, in 151 habitats), both species are rather widely distributed. P. tetraurelia while P. primaurelia (r. v. 0.22, in 103 habitats) is was found in 4 habitats, P. sexaurelia in 3, and P. novaurelia also characteristic but less frequent. in 1 only. The last finding seems very interesting as that 2. P. tetraurelia (r. v. 0.05, in 25 habitats) and P. triaurelia species was regarded as restricted to Europe alone r.v. 0.04, in 17 habitats) are rather rare, while other (Sonneborn, 1975) but more recently Przybo (1998b) species very rare, i.e. P. sexaurelia (r. v. 0.01, in 5 recorded it in Turkey (Anatolian Upland). habitats), P. pentaurelia (r. v. 0. 007, in 3 habitats and The greatest data on distribution and frequency of only in southern Europe), P. octaurelia (r.v. 0.004, in © 2000 by Russia, Protistology. 180 · Ewa Przybo and Sergei Fokin Table 1. Occurrence of species of the Paramecium aurelia complex in the Americas, Africa, Australia (data from: Sonneborn 1975; Aufderheifde et al. 1983) Continent or country P. primaurelia P. biaurelia P. P. triaurelis P. tetraurelia pentaurelia P. P. sexaurelia septaurelia P. P. octaurelia P. ** novaurelia P. decaurelia P. undecaurelia dodecaurelia P. P. tredecaurelia quadecaurelia P. P. sonneborni Northern ++++++++–+++ + America Central ++++ + America Southern ++ + America Hawai + New + Zealand Australia ++ + Kenya + Uganda + Madagascar + ** Known from Europe only (Sonneborn, 1975), found in Asia (Przybo, 1998b). 2 habitats), and P. tredecaurelia (r. v. 0.002, in 1 habi- Paramecium aurelia species-complex. J. Protozool. tat). 30, 128–131. 3. Nevertheless, a different number of habitats were stud- Daggett P.-M. (Ed.). 1978. Protozoa and Algae. In: Cata- ied in the particular zones, 21 in the northern, 363 in logue of Strains. I. Thirteenth edition, the American the central, and 75 in the southern zone, the prevail- Type Culture Collection. Rockville, Maryland. pp. 1– ing number of habitats originating in the central zone, 18. and mainly in Poland. Of the total number of 363 stud- Komala Z. 1961. Syngens (varieties) of Paramecium ied habitats in that zone, 286 were situated in Poland. aurelia in Bulgaria. Folia biol. (Krakow). 9, 229–232. We can assume that not all Paramecium species have Komala Z. 1994. Contemporary investigations on the world-wide distribution, as a result of our sampling done Paramecium aurelia species complex in the Tatras. in different parts of the world and extract from the litera- Preliminary Report. Folia biol. (Krakow). 42, 35–39. ture (Przybo and Fokin, 2000b). Because some species Komala Z. 1997. A new habitat of Paramecium biaurelia of P. aurelia complex as well as a part of other paramecia in Poland. Folia biol. (Krakow). 45, 55–58. cannot be considered as a cosmopolitan, we have to ex- Komala Z.1998a. Report on the Paramecium aurelia spe- pect an interesting sampling in some places of the world cies complex in a water body in the borderland of the which were not yet checked for ciliate fauna. Not so much Wyspowy Beskid and Gorce Mts. Folia biol. sampling was done in the Southern Hemisphere so far. (Krakow). 46, 69–71. Thus, it is possible to expect a discovery somewhere even Komala Z. 1998b. Current investigations on the occur- a new Paramecium species. rence of the Paramecium aurelia species complex in Poland. Folia biol.(Krakow).46, 73–76. Komala Z. 1998c. Investigations on the occurrence of the References Paramecium aurelia species complex in the Carpathians. Folia biol. (Krakow). 46, 77–81. Aufderheide K. J., Daggett P.-M. and Nerad T. A. 1983. Komala Z. and Dubis K. 1965. Contribution to the obser- Paramecium sonneborni n. sp., a new member of the vations on the occurrence of Paramecium aurelia Protistology · 181 Table 2. Occurrence of species of the Paramecium aurelia complex in Asia Number of known strains and habitas (in brackets) Country References or region P. primaurelia P. P. biaurelia P. tetraurelia P. sexaurelia P. novaurelia Total Japan 7(4) 7(7) 4(3) 18(4) Sonneborn, 1950; Kociuszko and Koizumi, 1984 Russia 1(1) 3(3) 4(4) Daggett, 1978; Preer et al. 1974; Kociuszko, (Far East) 1985; Przybo and okin, 1996 Vietnam 1(1) 1(1) Przybo and okin, 1996 Thailand 2(2) 2(2) Daggett, 1978; Przybo and okin, 2000 a,b India 9(1) 9(1) Sonneborn, 1974 Turkmenia 1(1) 1(1) Daggett, 1978 Georgia 3(3) 3(3) Daggett, 1978; Kociuszko, 1985 Turkey 1(1) 1(1) Przybo, 1998b Lebanon 2(1) 2(1) Sonneborn, 1974 Israel 2(2) 1(1) 3(3) Przybo, 1995; Przybo and okin, 1999 Total 12(9) 15(14) 5(4) 11(3) 1(1) 44(31) syngens in Italy. Folia biol. (Krakow). 13, 265–267. cal Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Komala Z. and Dubis K. 1966. Syngens of Paramecium Folia biol. (Krakow). 48 (in press). aurelia in some regions of Moscow and Leningrad. Kociuszko H. 1964. Syngens of Paramecium aurelia in Folia biol. (Krakow). 14, 227–228. Hungary. Folia biol. (Krakow). 12, 17–22. Komala Z. and Kociuszko H. 1963. Investigations on the Kociuszko H. 1985. Species of the Paramecium aurelia occurrence of different varieties of Paramecium complex in some regions of the USSR. Folia biol. aurelia in Poland. Proceedings of the First Interna- (Krakow). 33, 117–122. tional Conference on Protozoology. Prague, 1961. pp. Kociuszko H. and Koizumi S. 1984. Habitats of the Para- 96–98. mecium aurelia complex in Japan. Folia biol. Komala Z. and Przybo E. 1992. Species of the Parame- (Krakow), 32, 57–62. cium aurelia complex in the Middle Sudeten of Kociuszko H. and Prajer M. 1988. Habitats of species of Czecho-Slovakia. Folia biol. (Krakow). 40, 129–135. the Paramecium aurelia complex and some other Komala Z. and Przybo E. 1994. Paramecium triaurelia Paramecium species in Finland. Folia biol. (Krakow). and other species of the aurelia complex in the 36, 65–72. Kaczawskie Mts and Plateau (Western Sudeten). Fo- Kociuszko H. and Prajer M. 1991. New habitats of spe- lia biol. (Krakow). 42, 27–33. cies of the Paramecium aurelia complex in Komala Z. and Przybo E. 1999. Paramecium biaurelia Scandinavia (southern Sweden). Folia biol. (Krakow). and other accompanying zooplankton in the ponds of 39, 25–27. the Botanical Garden in Krakow. Folia biol. (Krakow). Preer J. R. Jr., Preer L. B. and Jurand A. 1974. Kappa and 47, 51–52. other endosymbionts in Paramecium aurelia. Bact. Komala Z. and Przybo E. 2000. Further investigations Rev. 38, 113–163. on the zooplankton of the water bodies of the Botani- 182 · Ewa Przybo and Sergei Fokin Table 3.
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