Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt

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Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt Valley of the Queens The Valley of the Queens is located on the West Bank at Luxor (ancient Thebes ). There are between 75 and 80 tombs in the Valley of the Queens, or Biban al-Harim. These belong to Queens of the 18th, 19th and 20th Dynasties. These include The Tomb of Khaemwese (Tomb 44): Scenes in Khaemwese's tomb show him being presented to the guardians of the gates to the afterlife along with his father. He is making an offering in the scene, and is dressed in a robe, wearing a necklace and the sidelocks of youth. The Tomb of Queent Titi (Tomb 52): She is probably the queen of a 20th Dynasty. She is depicted with the sidelocks common to the Egyptian young of the period and in the presence of the gods Thoth , Atum, Isis and Nephthys . In the next chamber the queen is shown making offerings to Hathor the cow, and in the last chamber the gods Neith , Osi ris , Selquit, Nephthys and Thoth. The Tomb of Amenhikhopeshef (Tomb 55) : Amenhikhopeshef was a son of Ramesses III and scenes show him with his father and the gods Thoth, Ptah 1 / 4 Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt and others. He was probably about nine years old when he died. Scenes show him being presented to various gods, including Anubis , the Jackal-headed god of the dead, by his father, Ramesses III . A premature baby was also found in to tomb. This belonged to this mother, who aborted upon learning of Amenhikhopeshef's death. Nefertari The Tomb of Nefertari (Tomb 66): One of five wives of Ramesses II , Nefertari was his favorite and the tomb here has been is said to be one of the most beautiful in Egypt. The tomb is completely painted with scenes though out. In most of these, Nefertari, known as 'the most beautiful of them', is accompanied by gods. She is usually wearing a golden crown with two feathers extended from the back of a vulture and clothed in a white, gossamer gown. Be sure not to miss the side room where one scene depicts the queen worshipping the mummified body of Osiris. Near the stairs to the burial chamber is another wonderful scene with Nefertarti offering milk to the goddess 2 / 4 Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt Hathor . Tombs: - Amenherkhepshef, Tomb of - Valley of the Queens (QV55) - Khaemwaset, Tomb of - Valley of the Queens (QV44) - Nefertari, Tomb of - Valley of the Queens - Tyti, Tomb of - Valley of the Queens (QV 52) See also: 3 / 4 Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt - An Overview of the West Bank at Luxor - Tomb Building in the Valley of the Kings - Valley of the Kings Main Site - Valley of the Kings (by Marie Parsons) - Thebes - Modern Luxor - Visiting the Valley of the Kings 4 / 4.

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Ancient Egyptian Life Map for the Valley of the Kings
Ancient Egyptian Life Map for the Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings is where all the great pharaohs are buried. There is also the lesser known KV1 Valley of the Queens, where the wives, princes and princesses are buried, as well as some noble people. The Valley of the Kings is near the city of Thebes, now called Luxor. One of Napoleon Bonaparte’s expeditions came across the valley in 1799. Pharaoh Ramesses VII Since then, 63 different tombs have been found there. Some of them go down into the earth 650 feet. Most are richly adorned with paintings and carvings of life in Egypt and Egyptian beliefs of afterlife with the gods. The most famous tomb discovered was that of King Tutenkhamun. Compared to other tombs his was tiny, KV7 and it was undisturbed by grave robbers. Around the 18th dynasty Egyptians left Pharaoh Ramesses II behind building pyramids to carving tombs into the cliffsides of the valley. It is not known why the use of pyramids as burial tradition stopped. KV62 Some Egyptologists think that the valley was started by Queen Hatshepsut. Tutankhamun What do you think? What factors could affect a decision to abandon burying leaders and statesmen in pyramids, or, what might be the appeal of using the cliffs, if any? KV35 Amenhotep II was a succesful military leader during Egypt’s 18th dynasty. Pharaoh Amenhotep II King Tut ascended the throne still a child; his reign returned the country to polytheistic religion and away from his father’s institution of the one sun god.
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(Modern Luxor) Ancient Greek Name for the Upper Egyptian Town of Waset
Originalveröffentlichung in: Donald B. Redford (Hrsg.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt III, Oxford 2001, S. 384-388 384 THEBES complexes, extended over an area of more than 4 kilo meters (2.4 miles) in length and 0.51 kilometer (about a quarter to a half mile) in width. The great number of monuments, many exceptionally well preserved, make the Theban area the largest and most important archaeologi cal site in Egypt. Eastern Bank of the Nile. A discussion of the princi pal archaeological features follows. The temple of Karnak. Archaeologically, the eastern bank of Thebes is dominated by the gigantic temple com plex of Karnak, the home of Egypt's main god AmunRe from the time of the Middle Kingdom onward. The earli est known parts of the temple have been dated to the first half of the eleventh dynasty, when a presumably modest temple, or a chapel, for the god Amun was erected by King Antef II. The temple was substantially expanded in the twelfth dynasty, during the reign of Senwosret L The temple, however, seems to have remained in this state for almost four hundred years. From the eighteenth dynasty until the Roman period, Karnak was a place of continu ous building activity, but of varying intensity. The temple of Luxor. The main part of the temple of Luxor was founded by Amenhotpe III (r. 14101372 BCE). An earlier triple shrine (barkstation), built by Queen Hat shepsut and Thutmose III (r. 15021452 BCE) north of the first pylon, remained in use at later times; then in the nineteenth dynasty, Ramesses II added an open court to the north of the existing Amenhotpe III building.
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Deir El Bahri Project: the Lineage of Royal Legitimization
DEIR EL BAHRI PROJECT: THE LINEAGE OF ROYAL LEGITIMIZATION By, Cori Hoover Hoover 1 Introduction Narrative Project Purpose: Even before the creation of the Ancient Egyptian state, the rulers of this ancient region created strategies to validate their control. This concept of legitimacy came to define Egyptian kingship. Throughout the Dynastic Period (3,000-332 BCE), kings used religion, military campaigns, and even the prosperity of Egypt to portray themselves as the true rulers of their empire. In this project, I will expand on our understanding of the royal use of legitimacy. Because the king was thought to be the semi-divine son of the gods, many historians focus on how the kings depicted themselves as the rulers of Egypt through religion. For my own research, I examine this concept from a different perspective, investigating how these rulers used their earthly connections to validate their roles as king. To do this, my project considers familial legitimacy. While religion was an essential part of Egyptian kingship, in my research I will show how the kings of the New Kingdom justified their reign through their connection to their mortal family (past kings, actual family line). Project Parameters: In this project, I examined visual representations of legitimacy, showing how temple architecture and landscape were used by Egyptian kings to express the importance of their familial connections. For the parameters of this project, my research was centered around the reign of king Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE). Using 3D modeling, I created a historically accurate reconstruction of the Deir el Bahri complex, which includes the memorial temples of Hatshepsut and Mentuhotep II.
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Textual Evidence for the Function of the “Botanical Garden” of Karnak in the Initiation Ritual
oi.uchicago.edu i ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION • NUMBER 61 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu iii OCCASIONAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE THEBAN WORKSHOP SACRED SPACE AND SACRED FUNCTION IN ANCIENT THEBES edited by PETER F. DORMAN and BETSY M. BRYAN STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION • VOLUME 61 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2006941012 ISBN: 978-1-885923-46-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2007. Printed in the United States of America. Series Editors’ Acknowledgments Lindsay DeCarlo and Katie L. Johnson assisted in the produc- tion of this volume. Cover Illustration Watercolor by David Roberts Showing Columns Decorated by Ramesses IV at the Great Hypostyle Hall, Karnak. See herein page 53 and figure 5.4. Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................
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House of Eternity: Tomb of Nefertari
20 HOUSE OF ETERNITY beyond the broad and the thermal stress of hot days and swath of cultivation cold nights. Such forces of nature broke down the rock still more into scree that between the river now rings the bases of the cliffs. In this and the Libyan plateau. desolate region lie the world-famous ceme The plateau is a vast desert region teries of western Thebes: the Valley of that extends westward from the Nile more the Kings, the Tombs of the Nobles, and than a thousand miles. Made of fossil-rich the Valiey of the Queens. limestone laid down by incursions of Placing their cemeteries to the west Previous page: ancient seas, it stretches from magnificent was instinctive for the ancient Egyptians, A view across the cliffs formed over millennia by the mean who localized the netherworld in the land river Nile toward derings of the river. Innumerable bays and of the setting sun. This association took western Thebes. canyons have been etched by wind, sand, on particular meaning in Thebes because Kadesh The main wadi in the • Valley of the Queens ME DITER R ANEAN SEA showing some of the tombs of queens and royal children. Nefertari's tomb is indicated. Photo: A. Siliotti. LOW E R E GYPT u P PER E GYPT VALLEY OF THE QUEENS ( Aswan High Dam THE VALLEY OF THE QUEENS Thebes - in the work a benchmark ever since. men's village at Deir el Schiaparelli and his Medineh and in the assistant Francesco Valley of the Queens. Ballerini assigned num of the great western peak of Qurna, by far 1906, ERNESTO SCHIAPARELLI In while work bers to all the tombs in the most prominent landmark around.
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ELIZABETH THOMAS (1907-1986) by Barbara S
ELIZABETH THOMAS (1907-1986) by Barbara S. Lesko Elizabeth Thomas is best know to Egyptologists for her seminal work on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings, much of which is contained in her invaluable book The Royal Necropoleis of Thebes. Born on March 29, 1907, in Memphis, Tennessee, she grew up in Granada, Mississippi, and spent part of her time in nearby Cruger, where members of her family owned Egypt Plantation.1 The youngest child of Ruth Archer and James Talbert Thomas, she was a self- discribed tomboy who spent much of her childhood tagging along after her older brothers, Tollie (James T. Thomas, Jr.) and Wilmer. In the fall of 1924, Thomas entered Granada College, leaving the following autumn for Hollins College, near Roanoke, Virginia. Although she stayed only a year at Hollins, Thomas remembered her experience there as a very positive one.2 After a hiatus of nearly a decade, she returned to Granada College in the fall of 1935 and and later transferred to the University of Mississippi at Oxford, where she completed her bachelor's degree in May 1937. Thomas made her first visit to Egypt within a year of her graduation. To placate her family, who didn’t consider it a safe place for a young woman to travel unescorted, she made her travel arrangements with Thomas Cook & Sons.3 Since the standard itinerary didn’t always include the sites she wanted to see or allow enough time to study the monuments in any detail, Thomas took matters into her own hands and hired transportation and guides, striking out into the desert with them as her only companions.
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Queen Nefertari's Tomb
This exhibition celebrates the role of women—goddesses, queens, and artisans—in Egypt’s New Kingdom period (c. 1539–1075 BCE), when Egyptian civilization was at its height. These women, including great royal wives, sisters, daughters, and mothers of pharaohs, are brought to life through refined statues, exquisite jewelry and personal objects, votive steles, stone sarcophagi, and painted coffins, as well as items of daily life from the artisan village of Deir el-Medina, home to the craftsmen who built the royal tombs. Drawn from the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy, one of the most important and extensive collections of ancient Egyptian works in the world, these treasures showcase the legacy of these amazing women—whose status often verged on divine—and also trace the journey of discovery made by the Italian archaeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli on the banks of the ancient Nile. Nefertari, whose name means “beautiful companion,” was one of the most celebrated queens of ancient Egypt and the favorite wife of pharaoh Ramesses II (reigned 1279 –1213 BCE). Until the early 1900s, Nefertari was known only through a few sculptures, tomb paintings, and hieroglyphs related to Ramesses II. In 1904, Schiaparelli, then director of the Museo Egizio, discovered her tomb—the most richly decorated in the Valley of the Queens—establishing Nefertari’s revered status. Although the contents had been looted in ancient times, the brilliant murals decorating the tomb depict the perilous journey Nefertari had to make on her path to immortality. Schiaparelli made other significant discoveries in the village of Deir el-Medina that reveal what daily life would have been like for the artisans who constructed Nefertari’s magnificent tomb.
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Art and Eternity: Nefertari Wall Paintings
Original Painting Techniques and Materials Used in the Tomb of Nefertari STEPHEN RICKERBY The tomb of Nefertari, favorite wife of Rameses II, is justly OPPOSITE. CHAMBER G, EAST famous for the importance and quality of its wall paintings. WALL. OSIRIS (LEFT) AND ATUM (RIGHT), SEPARATED BY A MAGIC Other monuments associated with Nefertari certainly demo FAN OF PROTECTION. SYMBOLS OF onstrate more explicitly the queen's prominent political DIVINE POWER APPEAR IN A VERTI role in Nineteenth Dynasty Egypt, such as her temple at CAL COLUMN BEHIND ATUM. Abu Simbel where she is uniquely represented in the same size as the king. The vast building and restoration program that Rameses II initiated also fully conveys the revitalized power his reign brought to Egypt. But it is in Nefertari's tomb paintings, with their unrivaled combination of both artistic superiority and spontaneity, that an aesthetic high point is reached in the Ramesside era. This outstanding cultural importance and, formerly, the critical state of preservation of the paintings, have long been incentives for various scientific and other inves tigations aimed primarily at finding solutions for the com plex problems of conserving the tomb.1 These endeavors have also provided information on the original techniques and materials employed in the wall paintings; but, in com mon with other Theban tombs of the New Kingdom, much knowledge has been derived too simply from empirical observations. In the relative absence of more detailed technical studies and scientific analyses of individual tombs, variations and idiosyncrasies of execution have no doubt been overlooked.2 Conservation treatment not only allows for the possibility of discovering details of tech nique that were never intended to be revealed, but it is also the one opportunity to correlate acquired analytical information with firsthand observations.
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A Re-Examination of O. Cairo Jde 72460 (= O
A RE-EXAMINATION OF O. CAIRO JDE 72460 (= O. CAIRO SR 1475) Ending the quest for a 19th Dynasty queen’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings Andreas DORN & Stéphane POLIS (Université de Liège & F.R.S.-FNRS) Résumé. Dans cette contribution, nous procédons à un nouvel examen de l’O. Caire JdE 72460 : après avoir discuté les interpré- tations possibles pour ce texte, en nous appuyant sur une analyse des expressions de mesure de distance dans les textes du Nouvel Empire, nous examinons les correspondances qui peuvent être établies entre les emplacements et distances mentionnées dans l’ostracon, d’une part, et les structures archéologiques conservées dans la Nécropole thébaine, d’autre part. Nous arrivons à la conclu- sion que ce document pourrait bien se rapporter à des travaux en cours à l’intérieur de KV 5. Abstract. In this paper, we offer a new interpretation for O. Cairo JdE 72460. Based on a discussion of the expressions used for measuring distances in the New Kingdom documentation, we explore the various possible translations. We then try to map the abstract relationships between places as well as the related measurements onto actual archeological structures. We come to the conclusion that this ostracon might be linked to work in progress inside KV 5. 0. INTRODUCTION The famous O. JdE 72460 — which mentions distances between several places in the Theban necropolis, including the building sites of tombs — was first published by E. Thomas in 19761, based on an earlier tran- scription made by J. Černý. Some years ago, this document received a thorough commentary by K.C.
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Undiscovered Egypt
Undiscovered Egypt Jan 17 - 30, 2020 A 14 day overland adventure from Cairo to Luxor exploring Egypt’s enduring mysteries and best kept secrets US $3,995 Includes accommodation, sightseeing and entrance fees, 27 Meals Join us on an exciting journey across Egypt with Ancient Egypt Alive's Laura Ranieri and our Egyptian Egyptologist Ramy Darwish. Visit top attractions along with rarely seen pyramids, tombs, villages and temples – and enjoy a private tour of Pharaoh Akhenaten’s kingdom of Amarna led by Professor Barry Kemp or one of his team Tour Highlights • Guest Lecturers - Engage in lively discussions with Egyptologists Laura Ranieri and Ramy Darwish at each site – and enjoy a lively series of lectures enroute • Unique off-the-beaten track itinerary - designed for travellers with a deep Ramses II Mortuary Temple interest in Egyptian history • Insider’s archaeologist-level experience of the Pyramids of Giza, city of Cairo, Step Pyramid of Sakkara, Karnak, Luxor Temple, Valley of the Kings, Queens, Nobles and Workers • Visits to Rarely seen tombs, temples and sites including: o Hidden Sakkara- some unique sites including Serappeum, Ty, Mereruka and Tomb of the Manicurists o Hermopolis, a major cult center for the god Thoth The rock tombs of Beni Hasan o Rock tombs of Beni Hasan o Sacred temples at Denderah and Abydos o Mortuary temples of Medinet Habu and Ramesseum on Luxor’s West Bank • Private tour of Amarna, Visit the site of Akhenaten’s lost Kingdom (with Barry Kemp CBE, or one of the Amarna Project team members) • See The Valley of the Kings – including optional tours into the jewels of the Valley: rarely seen tomb of King Seti or Queen Nefertari Amarna *Per person based on double occupancy.
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The Power Behind the Crown: Messages Worn by Three New Kingdom Egyptian Queens
Studia Antiqua Volume 5 Number 1 Article 4 June 2007 The Power Behind the Crown: Messages Worn by Three New Kingdom Egyptian Queens Mary Abram Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua Part of the History Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Abram, Mary. "The Power Behind the Crown: Messages Worn by Three New Kingdom Egyptian Queens." Studia Antiqua 5, no. 1 (2007). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua/vol5/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studia Antiqua by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Power Behind the Crown: Messages Worn by Three New Kingdom Egyptian Queens Mary Abram hroughout the ages and among diverse cultures, the crown has Tbeen recognized as a statement of power, honor, and high political or religious office. In the deeply symbolic society of ancient Egypt, the crowns and headdresses worn by royalty represented more than mere emblems of authority. Various symbolisms accompanied the crown’s different components. An evaluation of the crowns worn by three New Kingdom queens—Hatshepsut, Nefertiti, and Nefertari—places the pronouncement of royal status as only one of a multi-layered message. These messages even transcend traditional symbolisms of Egyptian iconography. The particular components for each crown chosen by these women actually reveal personal and political agendas. Before reviewing the life and times of these New Kingdom royal figures, however, an outline of standard wear for queens will illustrate how these three individuals conformed with or contested the norm, thus providing the first insight into their respective personalities.
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Transcript of the Acoustiguide Audio Tour
Kimbell Art Museum Transcript of the Acoustiguide Audio Tour STOP LIST 0. DIRECTOR’S INTRODUCTION 1. GALLERY INTRODUCTION Temples of the Pharaohs: Abu Simbel Religion in Ancient Egypt Sekhmet: Goddess of Divine Wrath 2. RELIGION, THE TEMPLE, GODDESSES The Pharaoh: Human and Divine 3. WOMEN’S ROLE IN ANCIENT EGYPT Women in Ancient Egypt Life in the Women’s Palace 4. BEAUTY Beauty in Ancient Egypt Adorning the Body 5. WOMEN’S ROLE IN RELIGION 6. RELIGION IN DEIR EL-MEDINA 7. STELA OF NAKHI 8. DEIR EL-MEDINA INTRODUCTION Living in Deir el-Medina Building the Tombs 9. DEATH AND BURIAL IN DEIR EL-MEDINA 10. EGYPTIAN FUNERARY BELIEFS AND PRACTICES Beliefs in the Afterlife 11. QUEEN NEFERTARI’S TOMB MODEL Tomb Fly-through 12. QUEEN NEFERTARI’S TOMB 13. EGYPTIAN FUNERARY TEXTS Book of Amduat 14. INSIDE EGYPTIAN TOMBS © Acoustiguide Inc. and Kimbell Art Museum, 2020 All rights reserved. 0. DIRECTOR’S INTRODUCTION ERIC LEE: Hello, I’m Eric Lee, director of the Kimbell Art Museum, and I'm pleased to welcome you to Queen Nefertari’s Egypt. The superb works of art you will see today come to us from the renowned Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy, which holds one of the most important collections of ancient Egyptian art outside of Cairo. Nefertari was a celebrated queen of ancient Egypt, and the beloved royal Queen before the divine scribe Thoth. Mural painting, Tomb of Nefertari. wife of pharaoh Ramesses II—one Photo: S. Vannini. © DeA Picture Library / Art Resource, NY of the greatest rulers in Egypt’s long history.
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