Annotated Bibliography
All Thats Interesting. allthatsinteresting.com/stonewall-riots. This source is a secondary source, it gives information on the Stonewall Inn and how it was at the time. As it states, the Inn
was in bad condition the bartenders would normally get your order wrong and the liquor
didn't taste very good. Although the bar gave a sign of freedom and a place where they
could be free.
Alt, Exa von. "Protest and Rebellion in the 20th Century." Protest and Political Violence in U.S. History, Facts On File, 2018. World Religions, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=16254&itemid=WE30&articleId=358203.
Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This article is a secondary source. This article is comparing the
protests of the 20th century including the Stonewall Riots. This shows inspiration and
ideas that the LGBTs took from other groups, and other groups taking ideas from the
LGBTs.
Associated Press. Rainbow Flag. 19 Feb. 2019. Afro, 19 Feb. 2019, afro.com/ church-rally-draws-more-than-200-after-lgbtq-sign-vandalized/. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019.
This is a secondary source, a image of the rainbow flag. The
rainbow flag is a symbol of homosexuals and gay pride. This is used during
the gay pride marches during gay pride month.
Bing. www.bing.com/th?id=OIP.yvDeI6UuZHTErPjwSpauzAHaEK&pid=Api&rs=1. This source is a primary source, a photograph from the time of the Stonewall Riots. It shows a
group of young people in front of the Stonewall Inn in September 1969. This helped me
have a understanding of what type of aged people rioted against the police.
Biography. "Pete Buttigieg Biography." Biography, 14 Nov. 2019, www.biography.com/political-figure/pete-buttigieg. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This article
is a secondary source. This source talks about a gay man running for president and how
the Stonewall has made him the man he is today.
Cable News Network, Emanuella Grinberg. "How the Stonewall Riots Inspired Today's Pride
Celebrations." Cable News Network, 28 June 2019, www.cnn.com/ 2019/06/28/us/1969-stonewall-riots-history/index.html. Accessed 8 Oct. 2019. This
website article by Emanuella Grinberg is a secondary source. This event left a legacy
which is celebrated with pride marches to honor the people who fought and started the
gay rights movement. That event led to people to start marches and inspired many out in
the world to fight for what they believe is okay.
Colombia University, editor. "Stonewall and Beyond: Lesbian and Gay Culture." Colombia University, edited by Colombia University, www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/case1.html. This is a secondary
source, it is an article with many aspects of Stonewall Riots in it. It shows the events that
happened prior to Stonewall and the some of the events that had happened after the
Stonewall Riots.
Devoy, Maeve. "Lgbt Rights." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Topics/Display/1771081?cid=41&sid=17
71081. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This article is a secondary source. This source gave me
information of the progression in gay rights since the Stonewall riots. It gave me
information on same sex marriage and a bit of background information.
" Flashback: Stonewall Inn Riots of 1969." NBC News, uploaded by NBC News, 26 Oct. 2019, www.nbcnews.com/feature/flashback/video/flashback-stonewall-inn-riots-of-1969-79397
0243608. Accessed 22 Nov. 2019. This video is a secondary source. This video helped
recap on hte subject of the Stonewall Riots and gave different ways of explaining the
event.
Gay people fighting police. The HomoCulture, www.thehomoculture.com/2018/10/16/the-60s-and-stonewall-the-times-they-are-a-chang
in/. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This picture is a secondary source because it was from a
movie. This source really shows the gays protesting and fighting back at the police.
Gay People Protesting Against Police. 26 June 2015,
time.com/3937600/stonewall-bartender-remembers-riots/. Accessed 3 Dec. 2019. This
source is a secondary source. This source is from a movie about the Stonewall Riots and
it demonstrates the protests done by the gays against the police.
"Gay Pride." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/260991. Accessed 23
Nov. 2019. This slogan from the database is a secondary source. This source gave
information on a popular slogan that I wasn't aware of earlier
Gay Pride March. ABC News, abcnews.go.com/US/lgbt-activists-remember-stonewall-riots-50-years-fighting/story?id=
63083481. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This is a image, a primary source of a gay pride
march. This is one of the impacts of the Stonewall Riots, and the people are parading for
the homosexuals. The people would accept the homosexuals.
"Gay Rights Movement." American History Online. Lincoln Library Press, 2013. FactCite, factcite.xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/useh/5000159.html. This article is a secondary source. This
source talks about other groups attempting to break the gay barrier with protests,
although they were not as successful as the Stonewall Riots.
Glass, Matthew, and Edward L. Queen. "Sexuality in American Culture." Encyclopedia of American Religious History, Fourth Edition, Facts On File, 2018. World Religions, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=16254&itemid=WE30&articleId=195883.
Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This article is a secondary source. This article is giving the
religious approach to the gay barrier and explaining the problem with a different point of
view.
Greenblatt, A. (2015, December 11). Transgender rights. CQ Researcher, 25, 1033-1056. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/ This article is a secondary
source. The article showed the impact the Stonewall Riots had on transgender people and
how it helped them. This shows gays were not the only people who were affected by the
riots.
Hamilton, Neal. "Stonewall Riots." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/252881. Accessed 27
Sept. 2019. This database article by Neal Hamilton is a secondary source. This source
explains the ways they rioted and most of what happened that day. This is raising
awareness of an issue that is still present in society today and is an event that made a
difference in society.
History. www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline#&gid=ci024785f780002481&pid=stone
wall-riots-gettyimages-83599000. This is a primary source, it is a photograph of a sign
outside the Stonewall Inn after the riots. It states that gay people of Greenwich Village
wanted peace in the Village and no harm. This was created by the Mattachine Society.
Holden, Stephen, editor. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/movies/16stone.html. This source is a secondary source,
it is a article on the New York Times that states information about the Stonewall Inn
Riots. It also has a interview with one of the police officers and one of the eye witnesses.
This also states how the riots were like during that time an what happened during the
riots.
"HOMOSEXUALITY." The Reader's Companion to American History, 1991. History Study Center, http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:ho-us&rft_dat=
xri:ho:sup_ref:hmaA0000500. This article is a secondary source. This article gives
information on homosexuality years before the riots and gay progression up to the
Stonewall riots, and a few year after it.
"The Homosexuals - Mike Wallace's CONTROVERSIAL 1967 CBS Report (FULL VIDEO)."
Youtube, uploaded by Kim Smyth, 13 Sept. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu1r6igCODw. Accessed 22 Nov. 2019. This video is a
primary source. This video from 1967, which is prior to the riots hows the public's
thought on homosexuals and opinions on them. Respected people like Mike Wallace are
stereotyping these people and giving them a bad name.
How Stuff Works, editor. How Stuff Works. history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/stonewall-riots5.htm. This a secondary
source, it is a summary of what basically happened during the Stonewall Riots. This also
has the impacts of the Stonewall Riots and how it affected some people.
"Interview with Gil Horowitz on the Stonewall Riots." Youtube, 28 June 2014, This database article by Neal Hamilton is a secondary source. This source explains the ways they rioted
and most of what happened that day. This is raising awareness of an issue that is still
present in society today and is an event that made a difference in society. Accessed 26
Oct. 2019. This interview is a primary source. This video explains the story of what
happened during the Stonewall Riots from someone who explains the event from both
sides. This source helps historians see other perspectives during the event.
Lane, Bettye. A photograph from a 1979 protest of the film "Cruising" that was featured in the
film "Stonewall Uprising." 1979. New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/movies/16stone.html. Accessed 18 Nov. 2019. This
image is a secondary source. This image from 1979 illustrated what the events must've
looked like during the time. This helped me understand how tough life was back then for
the gays and the police brutality.
LGBT. Stonewall Button. Digital Public Library of America, dp.la/primary-source-sets/stonewall-and-its-impact-on-the-gay-liberation-movement/sour
ces/1416. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This is a primary source, it was most likely created
right after the Stonewall Riots. It is a button that symbolizes the Stonewall Riots and
what it brought to homosexuals.
"LGBT Demographics of the United States." Pintrest, www.pinterest.com/pin/239957486373445567/. Accessed 22 Nov. 2019. This
infographic is a secondary source. It gives facts on LGBTs in the United States. This
source helps give information on LGBTs throughout the course of several years.
"LGBTQ Elders Reflect on Stonewall After the AIDS Crisis." Youtube, uploaded by Mashable, 28 June 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ji69MlesAc. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This
video is a secondary source. This source explains what happened to many LGBTs after
the riots. It explains how many people died at the time from an A.I.D.S epidemic.
"LGBTQ Rights." Gale In Context Online Collection, Gale, 2019. Gale In Context: Middle School, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/ACOAXB878893516/MSIC?u=bocesnas12&sid=MSIC&
xid=c2c8bcd2. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This source is a secondary source. This source
gives information on the beginning of the gay rights movement and background on
homosexuality from ancient Greece and Rome and other information.
Morris, Larry, editor. History. A Maven Channel, www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline. This is a secondary source, it is an
article on the Stonewall Riots. It is gives the basics of what caused the riots and what
happened during the riots. It also includes some primary photographs from the riots.
National Park Service, editor. National Park Service. www.nps.gov/ston/index.htm. This is a primary source, with a quote stating "there was no out, they were just in". This quote
means that no homosexuals came out, it was dangerous to do that, they only kept it to
themselves at the time.
Newsweek, editor. "10 LGBT Uprisings Before Stonewall ." Newsweek, edited by Newsweek, 23 June 2019, www.newsweek.com/before-stonewall-riots-1445365. Accessed 23 Nov.
2019. This is a secondary source, it gives information about what happened during the
Stonewall Riots. It gives more detailed information about what agitated the Stonewall Inn
patrons and some more details on what happened during the riots.
New York Times, editor. New York Times. 6 June 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/06/ nyregion/stonewall-riots-nypd.html. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This is a
primary source, a quote from Former Comissioner James O'Neill apologizing
for the actions taken during the Stonewall Riots. This is a impact as
people are finally realizing their mistakes and they are apologizing for
it, and they are taking note of the gay people and accepting them.
NYCdata. "Stonewall Inn Riots - 1969." NYCdata, edited by NYCdata, Baruch University, www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/riots-stonewall.html. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019.
This is a secondary source, with information on what happened during the Stonewall
Riots. It mainly gives information on why gay bars were easy targets for police to raid.
This article helps prove that the information given by other articles are true as well.
"POLICE AGAIN ROUT 'VILLAGE' YOUTHS: OUTBREAK BY 400 FOLLOWS A
NEAR-RIOT OVER RAID." New York Times (1923-Current file), Jun 30, 1969, pp. 22. ProQuest, https://search-proquest-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/docview/118687806?accountid=699. This
newspaper is a primary source. It is explaining to the public what is going on, raising
awareness of the gay barrier. This explains what happened during the riots. It shows how
people charged and hurt from the police and fighting back, which can inspire today's
youth and show how these rights were earned.
"Protest." American History Online. Lincoln Library Press, 2012. FactCite, factcite.xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/useh/7020767.html. This source is a secondary source. It
gives the historical context of life before the Stonewall Riots. It talks about how the
country was tied up with the Vietnam War at the time these opinions on gays were being
made.
Public Domain Dedication. Protesters took to the streets in the aftermath of the Stonewall riots in lower Manhattan in the summer of 1969. Stonewall marked a turning point in the gay
rights movement. The Harvard Gazette, news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/06/harvard-scholars-reflect-on-the-history-and-lega
cy-of-the-stonewall-riots/. This picture from the Harvard Gazette is a primary source.
This picture was taken during the riots in 1969 and shows the way they riot and the
situation then.This was significant because it is shown an uprising and change in the gay
rights movement. This changed the lives of other LGBTs for the better.
Quigley's Cartoons. "Remembering Stonewall Inn." Cape Cod Today, 28 June 2013, www.capecodtoday.com/blogs/quigley/2013/06/28/20139-stonewall-riots. Accessed 22
Nov. 2019. This source is a secondary source. This political cartoon exaggerates the
characters to make it clear what happened that day. This makes the event easy to
understand and helps get the point across.
Ruta, Garrance Franke. "An Amazing 1969 Account of the Stonewall Uprising." The Atlantic, edited by The Atlantic, 24 Jan. 2013,
www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/an-amazing-1969-account-of-the-stonewal
l-uprising/272467/. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This is a secondary source, it shows that
their are still many problems remaining for homosexuals. Many of the problems they face
today are nothing compared to the problems they faced back then during the riots.
Stein, Paul. Obama May Declare National Monument to LGBT Rights Movement Outside Stonewall Inn. Flickr, www.flickr.com/photos/kapkap/7157451403/in/photolist-bUtNWx-8dBCKi-8ocuxq-c2zf
DL-Vf2K2-8dVivf-VajLx-8dCDTS-6uwvoW-8dCgnu-VdEPJ-6fTbrv-c3rmDo-8dAb8F-
8dBFPc-V8X6p-8dAjaB-V99KP-8dBmhc-VaHxB-VfVCd-6ujcgC-dPZjpR-8dCyfG-8dR
FrV-8dCvyY-6uwvDC-8dySnc-8dFM4u-8dC58L-8dBVex-Vb5UH-8dBuPn-8dBZxf-8d
AKTf-dQ5WKL-8dFvAJ-VaETA-dQ5Xrs-dQ5WCC-Vbx2g-8dFqvm-8dDJTY-8dE3Zd-
8dFoKq-8dQT3e-dkEp12-8dN18X-8dCpv9-dPZjJp. This picture that was taken by Paul
Stein is a secondary source. This picture shows how great people like former President
Barack Obama honored the riots by building them a monument. When people see these
monuments, they will be aware of the event and the issues it still faces today. This is
significant because it shows the legacy of the Stone Wall Riots and shows that people
like the President care and are aware of spreading more awareness of the event.
"Stonewall and the Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Rights, 1969–1979.". History Study Center, http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:ho-us&rft_dat=
xri:ho:kn:KNN00023. This article is a secondary source. This source provides a LGBT
timeline from 1940 - 2002. This also gives more information on the actual riots.
"Stonewall HISTORY Video." Youtube, uploaded by HISTORY, HISTORY, 1 June 2018, youtu.be/Q9wdMJmuBlA. Accessed 2 Oct. 2019. This video by History is a secondary
source. This source really helps readers understand what the topic is about, which enables
them to see the LGBT problems that others don't. This is raising awareness of an issue
that is still present in society today and is an event that made a difference in the way we
live now.
"Stonewall Inn Police Raid." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/2150080. Accessed 26
Sept. 2019. This is primary source, it is a photograph of the police arresting some of the
rioters as they are fighting back. This shows how the police were arresting people who
didn't have more than 3 articles of gender appropriate clothing.
"Stonewall Riot." American History Online. Lincoln Library Press, 2012. FactCite, factcite.xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/useh/5000034.html. This source is a secondary source. This
source helps show the causes of the barrier and the life of the gays along with the
hardships they faced.
Stonewall riots." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Jun. 2019. school-eb-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/middle/article/Stonewall-riots/313707. Accessed
25 Sep. 2019. This is a secondary source, article mainly based upon what had caused the
riots. It states that the patrons had enough of the police bullying them for a long time and
they finally took action.
"Stonewall Riots (stock footage / archival footage)." Youtube, uploaded by FilmArchivesNYC, 28 June 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5kbyMW1pk4. Accessed 22 Nov. 2019.
This video is a primary source. This is footage from the riots from 1969 during the riots.
This video helps illustrate what happened during the riots and how to police fought back
against the LGBTs.
"Stonewall Riots Veterans." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/1670936. Accessed 23
Nov. 2019. This picture is a secondary source. This picture shows the legacy of the
Stonewall Riots and how it is remembered 40 years later. It shows people celebrating the
occasion with pride marches.
Uva, Katie. "Greenwich Village." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2019, americanhistory-abc-clio-xaaa.orc.scoolaid.net/Search/Display/2195925. Accessed 23
Nov. 2019. This article is a secondary source. This article gave me background
information on Greenwich Village, the location of Stonewall Inn before the riots.
White, Edmund. "Edmund White: Letter to Ann and Alfred Corn 'We're Part of a Vast Rebellion
of All the Repressed.'" Out History, outhistory.org/exhibits/show/stonewall-riot-police-reports/contents/edmund-white-letter.
Accessed 2 Oct. 2019. Letter. This letter from Edmund White is a primary source. It
explains the precautions of companies against these riots and how life was more violent.
first hand. This source also shows how these riots affected the lives of everyone living in
that area.
Wicker, Randolfe Hayden. Interview. Conducted by Sri Sagiraju and Arav Prabhu, 23 Nov.
2019. This interview is a primary source. This interview gave more detailed and reliable
information as to what happened during the riots because it was told by Randy Wicker, a
gay activist present at the riots.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots. This is a primary source, a photograph of the Stonewall Inn during the time of the riots. This shows the condition of the Inn back in
that day. It also shows the sign by the Mattachine Society outside the Inn on the
blackboard.
Yang, Allie. "LGBT activists remember Stonewall riots 50 years later." ABC News, edited by ABC News, 28 June 2019,
abcnews.go.com/US/lgbt-activists-remember-stonewall-riots-50-years-fighting/story?id=
63083481. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019. This is a secondary source, it is a article on the
impacts of the Stonewall Riots. This article shows the many impacts of Stonewall Riots
and what some of the activists remember from the Stonewall Riots