Annotated Checklist of the Birds (Aves) of Cerro Hoya National Park, Azuero Peninsula, Panamá
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11 2 1585 the journal of biodiversity data February 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(2): 1585, February 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1585 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Annotated checklist of the birds (Aves) of Cerro Hoya National Park, Azuero Peninsula, Panamá Matthew J. Miller1*, George R. Angehr1, Robert S. Ridgely2, John Klicka3, Oscar G. López. Ch.1, Jacobo Arauz4, Euclides Campos C.5 and Daniel Buitrago-Rosas1 1 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Republic of Panama 2 Rainforest Trust, 25 Horner Street, Warrenton, VA 20186, USA 3 University of Washington, Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA 4 Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Panamá, Republic of Panama 5 Apartado Postal 0823-02757, Panamá, Republic of Panama * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Protected only by the extreme ruggedness of and Samaniego 2008), today less than 15% is covered in its terrain, the montane regions of Cerro Hoya National mature forest, with perhaps another 20% covered in sec- Park are among the least biologically known regions of ondary forest. Of the remaining Azuero mature forest, Central America. Here we provide a checklist of 225 bird most can be found in Cerro Hoya National Park and La species recorded from five expeditions to the region over Tronosa Forest Reserve (07.3° N, 080.6° W) found just to the last 18 years, which represents lower species richness the east of Cerro Hoya National Park. than many comparable areas in Panama and lower Cen- Cerro Hoya National Park (~ 07.4–07.2° N, 080.9–080.6° tral America. However, we recorded nine IUCN globally W; Figure 1) includes a mountainous region isolated threatened species, three species with range extensions from Panama’s Central Cordillera by 150 km of extreme- over 150 km to the southern Azuero Peninsula, and at ly hot, seasonally dry, and deforested lowlands. Within least two previously unknown bird taxa. These facts sug- Panama, these highlands have a geology that is unique gest that our list of montane taxa from Cerro Hoya may to the Azuero and adjacent Soná Peninsulas, as they be incomplete, and that this region represents one of originated as oceanic volcanoes during the Early and the most important—and neglected—protected areas Middle Eocene (56–41 Mya, Buch et al. 2011), and sub- in Panama. sequently shifted northward into their current position. The southern Azuero region that includes the present Key words: Mesoamerica, sky island, tropical seasonal day Cerro Hoya mountain range has been an emergent dry forest, tropical montane forest, Los Santos feature of the proto-isthmus and subsequent Isthmus of Panama since at least the late Eocene (> 38 Mya; Herrera et al. 2012). During glacial periods in the Pleistocene the INTRODUCTION temperature in the lowlands of Panama may have been The Azuero Peninsula, the largest north-south pen- as much as 5°C lower than at present, and some species insula in Central America, is an 8,000 km2 landmass of plants now confined to high montane areas occurred that juts southward from the western Panamanian at much lower elevations (Piperno et al. 1990). The mainland. Considered the cultural and agricultural majority of montane flora and fauna found in the Cerro cradle of Panama, here—as in most of the Pacific for- Hoya region probably dispersed from the Talamancan ests of Central America—deforestation began with or Central Cordilleran highlands across lowland regions Spanish colonization in the 16th century (Murphy and during such periods of lower temperatures. Lugo 1995), and increased sharply in the early 20th The montane forests of Cerro Hoya remain one of the century (Heckadon-Moreno 2009). By the middle of the most poorly studied highland regions in all of Middle 20th century, roughly half of the lowlands of the Azu- America. In 1925, R. Benson made a minor collection of ero Peninsula had been deforested, largely converted to birds in the central Azuero region, at Montuoso (~ 07.7° cattle pasture (Wright and Samaniego 2008; Heckadon- N, 080.9° W), north of Cerro Hoya National Park. How- Moreno 2009). Although, in its native state, the Azuero ever, the first major scientific expedition to the area was Peninsula should be nearly entirely forested (Wright undertaken by Aldrich and Bole in 1932, who collected Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 2 | Article 1585 Miller et al. | Birds of Cerro Hoya National Park, Panamá Figure 1. Map showing location of Cerro Hoya National Park and Azuero Peninsula relative to the central cordillera of western Panama. Darkened areas represent those montane areas above 950 m a.s.l. Only 77 km2 of such habitat occur in Cerro Hoya National Park. With the exception of a few scattered montane patches just to the north, the Cerro Hoya highlands are separated by at least 150 km from the more extensive central and Talamanca highland ridge of Costa Rica and western Panama. birds and mammals (Aldrich and Boyle 1937) in the low- highlands of the region based on the results of five lands northwest of Cerro Hoya National Park but did ornitho logical expeditions to the region between 1996 not explore the montane regions in the area. C.W. Myers and 2013. provides the first detailed scientific description of the biota of the montane region surrounding Cerro Hoya MATERIALS AND METHODS (Myers 1962), crediting mammalogist C.O. Handley with In February 1996, a team from the Philadelphia Acad- providing him a hand-drawn map to the area. Based on emy of Natural Sciences (including GRA and RSR) made his account, Myers managed to work above 1,200 m, but what is believed to be the first contemporary scientific like Handley was unable to summit, and goes so far as to collection focused on the highlands of Cerro Hoya. This claim that the only known instance of a successful sum- expedition began on the coast at Cobachón (07.23° N, mit of the highest of the three peaks of Cerro Hoya was 080.64° W, this location and all subsequent named loca- obtained by one of Aldrich and Bole’s guides. tions are mapped in Figure 2). (Note that on some maps Interest in the avifauna of Cerro Hoya was rekindled of this region, e.g., Army Map Service 4037-I, “Horcones,” at the end of the 20th century with the description of several rivers are mislabeled. The town of Cobachón the Azuero Parakeet (Pyrrhura picta eisenmanni Delgado, is shown to be at the mouth of the river labeled “Que- 1985) by Delgado (1985)—who first suggested that the brada Punta Blanca” on this map. A smaller river about Cerro Hoya area was ornithologically the most poorly 4.5 km to the west is labeled “Río Cobachón”. Because known region of Panama—and subsequently with the of these map errors, the location of Cobachón is incor- listing of Cerro Hoya National Park as an Important rectly stated in Siegel and Olsen [2008]). The expedition Bird Area for Panama (Angehr 2003). Here we provide ascended on horseback to a base camp at 650 m above an annotated checklist of the birds of the lowlands and sea level (a.s.l.) at Cascajilloso (07.28° N, 080.72° W), Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 2 Volume 11 | Number 2 | Article 1585 Miller et al. | Birds of Cerro Hoya National Park, Panamá at 450 m a.s.l. in an area known locally as Pavo (07.33° N, 080.70° W), above the Río Pavo. During this expedition, mistnets were deployed primarily at the forested edge of the highest pasture above Pavo (750 m a.s.l.), although daily shotgun collecting trips occurred between 950 and 1,375 m a.s.l. Trip dates: 3–7 April 2013. Specimens were legally collected under the following permits: 1996 Panama Audubon Important Bird Areas scientific collecting permit INRENARE 7-96; 2004: the STRI annual collecting permit DNPN-01-2004 (JK and MJM subpermittees); STRIBC 2011: SE/A-137-10 (Notif: DAPVS-0628-11); STRI BC 2013: SE/A-74-12. English and scientific names follow the AOU Checklist (American Ornithologists’ Union [AOU] 1998) through Figure 2. Map showing specific locations visited during the five expedi- the 2013 supplement (Chesser et al. 2013). tions described in the text. RESULTS where the team worked for three days. On 20 February, We recorded a total of 225 confirmed bird species, GRA ascended to a nearby peak at 1,380 m a.s.l. on foot. with one additional hummingbird taxon (Selasphorus Trip dates: 16–22 February 1996. sp.) questionable. This includes nine species on the Red In 2004 a team from the Marjorie Barrick Museum List of globally threatened bird species (IUCN 2013), and STRI (including MJM and JK) visited the lowlands including one Endangered, four Vulnerable, and four just inside the park boundary near Restingue (07.24° N, Near-Threatened species (Table 1). We recorded only 27 080.90° W), southern Veraguas. The goal of this trip was Nearctic–Neotropical migratory species, and only 10 spe- to collect representative lowland bird species as part of a cies that could be considered primarily montane species more comprehensive survey of the birds of Panama, rather (Angehr 2006). Based on the range maps in Angehr and than to create a comprehensive survey of the avian diver- Dean (2010), four species in our checklist were previous- sity in Cerro Hoya, and therefore we only report those ly unknown from the Azuero Peninsula and represent bird species collected as museum vouchers during that range extensions of approximately 150 km.