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Is Hip Hop Dead?
IS HIP HOP DEAD? IS HIP HOP DEAD? THE PAST,PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF AMERICA’S MOST WANTED MUSIC Mickey Hess Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hess, Mickey, 1975- Is hip hop dead? : the past, present, and future of America’s most wanted music / Mickey Hess. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-275-99461-7 (alk. paper) 1. Rap (Music)—History and criticism. I. Title. ML3531H47 2007 782.421649—dc22 2007020658 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright C 2007 by Mickey Hess All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007020658 ISBN-13: 978-0-275-99461-7 ISBN-10: 0-275-99461-9 First published in 2007 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION 1 1THE RAP CAREER 13 2THE RAP LIFE 43 3THE RAP PERSONA 69 4SAMPLING AND STEALING 89 5WHITE RAPPERS 109 6HIP HOP,WHITENESS, AND PARODY 135 CONCLUSION 159 NOTES 167 BIBLIOGRAPHY 179 INDEX 187 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The support of a Rider University Summer Fellowship helped me com- plete this book. I want to thank my colleagues in the Rider University English Department for their support of my work. -
ENG 350 Summer12
ENG 350: THE HISTORY OF HIP-HOP With your host, Dr. Russell A. Potter, a.k.a. Professa RAp Monday - Thursday, 6:30-8:30, Craig-Lee 252 http://350hiphop.blogspot.com/ In its rise to the top of the American popular music scene, Hip-hop has taken on all comers, and issued beatdown after beatdown. Yet how many of its fans today know the origins of the music? Sure, people might have heard something of Afrika Bambaataa or Grandmaster Flash, but how about the Last Poets or Grandmaster CAZ? For this class, we’ve booked a ride on the wayback machine which will take us all the way back to Hip-hop’s precursors, including the Blues, Calypso, Ska, and West African griots. From there, we’ll trace its roots and routes through the ‘parties in the park’ in the late 1970’s, the emergence of political Hip-hop with Public Enemy and KRS-One, the turn towards “gangsta” style in the 1990’s, and on into the current pantheon of rappers. Along the way, we’ll take a closer look at the essential elements of Hip-hop culture, including Breaking (breakdancing), Writing (graffiti), and Rapping, with a special look at the past and future of turntablism and digital sampling. Our two required textbook are Bradley and DuBois’s Anthology of Rap (Yale University Press) and Neal and Forman’s That's the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader are both available at the RIC campus store. Films shown in part or in whole will include Bamboozled, Style Wars, The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy, Wild Style, and Zebrahead; there will is also a course blog with a discussion board and a wide array of links to audio and text resources at http://350hiphop.blogspot.com/ WRITTEN WORK: An informal response to our readings and listenings is due each week on the blog. -
(2001) 96- 126 Gangsta Misogyny: a Content Analysis of the Portrayals of Violence Against Women in Rap Music, 1987-1993*
Copyright © 2001 Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture All rights reserved. ISSN 1070-8286 Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 8(2) (2001) 96- 126 GANGSTA MISOGYNY: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE PORTRAYALS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN RAP MUSIC, 1987-1993* by Edward G. Armstrong Murray State University ABSTRACT Gangsta rap music is often identified with violent and misogynist lyric portrayals. This article presents the results of a content analysis of gangsta rap music's violent and misogynist lyrics. The gangsta rap music domain is specified and the work of thirteen artists as presented in 490 songs is examined. A main finding is that 22% of gangsta rap music songs contain violent and misogynist lyrics. A deconstructive interpretation suggests that gangsta rap music is necessarily understood within a context of patriarchal hegemony. INTRODUCTION Theresa Martinez (1997) argues that rap music is a form of oppositional culture that offers a message of resistance, empowerment, and social critique. But this cogent and lyrical exposition intentionally avoids analysis of explicitly misogynist and sexist lyrics. The present study begins where Martinez leaves off: a content analysis of gangsta rap's lyrics and a classification of its violent and misogynist messages. First, the gangsta rap music domain is specified. Next, the prevalence and seriousness of overt episodes of violent and misogynist lyrics are documented. This involves the identification of attributes and the construction of meaning through the use of crime categories. Finally, a deconstructive interpretation is offered in which gangsta rap music's violent and misogynist lyrics are explicated in terms of the symbolic encoding of gender relationships. -
Waya&R People Do Their
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN RADIO ISSUE 1985 DECEMBER 17 1993 This Week The future is in your hands. At least, i:'s the future as a group of record executives, along with a gaggle of Gavin types, see it. Hey, if Jeane Dixon and the Amazing Peskin can do it, why can't we? And so we get the jump on '94 from Craig LAW! (above), who sees less virtual "I predict that the reality than simple reality com- ing to the music business. On the GAVIN side of the crystal hall, Album Adult Alternative CEO David Dalton sees and hears free -form radio in the new year-or he'll reduce subscrip- tion rates (Just kidding!). And format will change the Ron Fel has a disturbing vision about Billy Joel wayA&R people do their (right). Our Newss.ection is given cver to a wrap-up of a o G.qey'll be ableto phat and crazy year, as managing editor Ben Fong -Torres steals liberally from ook at a4C 50year hisrootsgROMMIlle(which or stole liberally from Esquire) to do the honors. Re -live such great moments as Prince's old artist and think earth -shaking name change and a certa n pretty woman making Lyle Lovett (below) an honest man. F nally, we predict a sea- about workIng with sonal feature in the Gavin Yellow Pages them." of Radio, as Natalie Duitsman canvasses THESE AND OTHER PREDICTIONS, several radio stations- MINX-Amherst, Mass., WHAI- Greenfield, Mass., and Live 105 - BY RECORD INDUSTRY SEERS, ARE San Francisco-to learn how they handle Christmas music. -
Thesis, the Songs of 10 Rappers Were Analyzed
ABSTRACT Get Rich or Die Tryin’: A Semiotic Approach to the Construct of Wealth in Rap Music Kristine Ann Davis, M.A. Mentor: Sara J. Stone, Ph.D. For the past 30 years, rap music has made its way into the mainstream of America, taking an increasingly prominent place in popular culture, particularly for youth, its main consumers. This thesis looks at wealth through the lens of semiotics, an important component of critical/cultural theory, using a hermeneutical analysis of 11 rap songs, spanning the last decade of rap music to find signification and representation of wealth in the rap song lyrics. The research finds three important themes of wealth - relationship between wealth and the opposite sex, wealth that garners respect from other people, and wealth as a signifier for “living the good life” - and five signifiers of wealth – money, cars, attire, liquor, and bling. Get Rich or Die Tryin': A Semiotic Approach to the Construct of Wealth in Rap Music by Kristine Ann Davis, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of Journalism ___________________________________ Clark Baker, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ Sara J. Stone, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ Mia Moody-Ramirez, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Tony L.Talbert, Ed.D. Accepted by the Graduate School August 2011 ___________________________________ J. Larry Lyon, Ph.D., Dean Page bearing signatures is kept on file in the Graduate School. Copyright ! 2011 by Kristine Ann Davis All rights reserved! CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v Chapter 1. -
The United Eras of Hip-Hop (1984-2008)
qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer The United Eras of Hip-Hop tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas Examining the perception of hip-hop over the last quarter century dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx 5/1/2009 cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqLawrence Murray wertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw The United Eras of Hip-Hop ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are so many people I need to acknowledge. Dr. Kelton Edmonds was my advisor for this project and I appreciate him helping me to study hip- hop. Dr. Susan Jasko was my advisor at California University of Pennsylvania since 2005 and encouraged me to stay in the Honors Program. Dr. Drew McGukin had the initiative to bring me to the Honors Program in the first place. I wanted to acknowledge everybody in the Honors Department (Dr. Ed Chute, Dr. Erin Mountz, Mrs. Kim Orslene, and Dr. Don Lawson). Doing a Red Hot Chili Peppers project in 2008 for Mr. Max Gonano was also very important. I would be remiss if I left out the encouragement of my family and my friends, who kept assuring me things would work out when I was never certain. Hip-Hop: 2009 Page 1 The United Eras of Hip-Hop TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -
A Rap Bibliography/Discography
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KnowledgeBank at OSU Music Reference Services Quarterly. 1996, vol.4, no.4, p.17-57. ISSN: 1540-9503 (online) 1058-8167 (print) DOI: 10.1300/J116v04n04_02 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wmus20/current http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wmus20/4/4 © 1996 The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Getting Hip to the Hop: A Rap Bibliography/Discography Leta Hendricks ABSTRACT. This bibliographic/discographic essay examines works which may be used to develop a core collection on Rap music. A selected bibliography and discography is also provided. INTRODUCTION Research interest has recently emerged in the popular African-American musical idiom known as Rap and continues to grow as social and cultural scholars have embarked on a serious study of Rap music and culture. Therefore, the student, scholar, and general library patron may seek information on Rap and its relationship with the African-American community. During the 1970's, libraries rushed to include in their holdings culturally diverse materials, especially materials on African-American history, literature, and culture. Today, emphasis is placed on cultural diversity, Rap is sometimes deemed to be low art and may be overlooked in the collecting of diverse materials. However, Rap has already celebrated its sixteenth anniversary and, like Rock and Roll, Rap is here to stay. Rap music research is difficult because (1) the librarian or information provider generally lacks knowledge of the category,' and (2) primary/ephemeral materials are not widely accessible.2 This selective bibliographic and discographic essay examines a variety of Rap resources and materials including biographies, criticisms, discographies, histories, recordings, and serials to help fill the Rap knowledge and culture gap and assist in the development of a core collection on Rap music. -
Journal of Hip Hop Studies
et al.: Journal of Hip Hop Studies Published by VCU Scholars Compass, 2017 1 Journal of Hip Hop Studies, Vol. 4 [2017], Iss. 1, Art. 1 Editor in Chief: Daniel White Hodge, North Park University Senior Editorial Advisory Board: Anthony Pinn, Rice University James Paterson, Lehigh University Book Review Editor: Gabriel B. Tait, Arkansas State University Associate Editors: Cassandra Chaney, Louisiana State University Jeffrey L. Coleman, St. Mary’s College of Maryland Monica Miller, Lehigh University Associate & Copy Editor: Travis Harris, Doctoral Candidate, College of William and Mary Editorial Board: Dr. Rachelle Ankney, North Park University Dr. Shanté Paradigm Smalls, St. John’s University (NYC) Dr. Jim Dekker, Cornerstone University Ms. Martha Diaz, New York University Mr. Earle Fisher, Rhodes College/Abyssinian Baptist Church, United States Mr. Jon Gill, Claremont University Dr. Daymond Glenn, Warner Pacific College Dr. Deshonna Collier-Goubil, Biola University Dr. Kamasi Hill, Interdenominational Theological Center Dr. Andre Johnson, Memphis Theological Seminary Dr. David Leonard, Washington State University Dr. Terry Lindsay, North Park University Ms. Velda Love, North Park University Dr. Anthony J. Nocella II, Hamline University Dr. Priya Parmar, SUNY Brooklyn, New York Dr. Soong-Chan Rah, North Park University Dr. Rupert Simms, North Park University Dr. Darron Smith, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Dr. Jules Thompson, University Minnesota, Twin Cities Dr. Mary Trujillo, North Park University Dr. Edgar Tyson, Fordham University Dr. Ebony A. Utley, California State University Long Beach, United States Dr. Don C. Sawyer III, Quinnipiac University https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/jhhs/vol4/iss1/1 2 et al.: Journal of Hip Hop Studies Sponsored By: North Park Universities Center for Youth Ministry Studies (http://www.northpark.edu/Centers/Center-for-Youth-Ministry-Studies) Save The Kids Foundation (http://savethekidsgroup.org/) Published by VCU Scholars Compass, 2017 3 Journal of Hip Hop Studies, Vol. -
50 VIOLENT RAP LYRICS THAT WILL MAKE YOU CRINGE in ''Bussdown'' Video
SPECIAL FEATURES f TATE2010 OFTIMES KOBANG THE RAPPERS BEST GETS LYRICS USEDPUSHA FROM LOOK-ALIKES T ANDTEE SWIZZ HIP-HOP ON A HIGHER LEVEL BEATZGRIZZLEYTO DISS IN OTHER HISAND CORNER LIL RAPPERS DURK'S IN 'BLOODAS' VIDEOS NEWS MUSIC VIDEOS FEATURES LISTS LIFESTYLE FRESHMAN SHOP JSEARCH TRENDING: BRUNO MARS SUED BY RAP GROUP 2 CHAINZ "MODERN SLAVERY" VERSE YOUNG THUG, 808 MAFIA COMPLETE TAPE OFFSET CLAIMS EXTORTION GET OUR NEWSLETTER Email Address LATEST ARTICLES XXXTentacion Rejects Ski Mask The Slump God’s Feature Request Maxo Kream Works Out With Beautiful Women 50 VIOLENT RAP LYRICS THAT WILL MAKE YOU CRINGE in ''Bussdown'' Video Preezy | July 6, 2016 Paras Gri4n / Donna Ward / Thaddaeus McAdams / Roger Kisby, Getty Ima… Young Thug, Southside and TM88 Complete Joint Project r SHARE ON TWITTER t SHARE ON FACEBOOK u HOT HEADLINES Gilbert Arenas Jumps in Tamar Braxton War and Attacks Laura Govan, Vincent … Toughness has been an admirable trait in the world of hip-hop for quite some time. The game has always placed a premium on street cred, which is a testament to one's reputation throughout the areas they frequent and beyond. Kyle Richards and Bethenny Frankel Shopping in Aspen after Burglary Street cred can be attained through various means, but striking fear in others is one of the more prevalent -- and Cris Cyborg Celebrates After UFC 219 Title effective -- ways to go about being respected in the streets, as well as in the realm of hip-hop. Going back as early as Victory Against Holly Holm pioneers like Melle Mel, who was one of the rst street-certied MCs in rap, hip-hop had its fair share of imposing Tamar Braxton Attacks Dream Member Agures during the 1980s, including Just-Ice, Eric B., Big Daddy Kane and other legendary rap luminaries. -
The Ethics of Singing Along: the Case of Mind of a Lunatic
AARON SMUTS The Ethics of Singing Along: The Case of “Mind of a Lunatic” i. introduction ical bravado of the genre amplified by slasher- gore. What could be tougher, more dangerous, and In 1990, a Houston-based rap group called Geto all-around bad than a lunatic-serial-killer-rapist- Boys released their third album, The Geto Boys, maniac! I will take a closer look at “Mind of a bearing one of the recently introduced parental Lunatic,” but my concern is not so much with the advisory stickers along with a disclaimer from the morality of the song as with the morality of listen- record label: “Def American Recordings is op- ing to it. posed to censorship. Our manufacturer and dis- I am not entirely sure what the prescribed mode tributor, however, do not condone or endorse of listening might be, but I am sure that a common the content of this recording, which they find mode is problematic. Often audiences do not sim- violent, sexist, racist and indecent.” The album ply listen to popular songs; they sing along. This was clearly designed to arouse controversy; crit- encourages a curious mode of engagement that ics took the bait. The album went gold. Within is far different from the way people typically ap- a year, it was blamed for at least one death.1 proach other kinds of narrative artworks, such as Two songs on the album, “Mind of a Lunatic” film, theater, and literature. Most important, this and “Assassins,” feature narratives of hideously mode of engagement is sometimes morally prob- immoral action—rape, necrophilia, murder, and lematic. -
Anti-Racism Inc.: Why the Way We Talk About Racial Justice Matters
antiracism inc. Before you start to read this book, take this moment to think about making a donation to punctum books, an independent non-profit press, @ https://punctumbooks.com/support/ If you’re reading the e-book, you can click on the image below to go directly to our donations site. Any amount, no matter the size, is appreciated and will help us to keep our ship of fools afloat. Contri- butions from dedicated readers will also help us to keep our commons open and to cultivate new work that can’t find a welcoming port elsewhere. Our ad- venture is not possible without your support. Vive la Open Access. Fig. 1. Hieronymus Bosch, Ship of Fools (1490–1500) Antiracism Inc.: Why the Way We Talk About Racial Justice Matters. Copyright © 2019 by the editors and authors. This work carries a Creative Com- mons BY-NC-SA 4.0 International license, which means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and you may also remix, transform and build upon the material, as long as you clearly attribute the work to the authors (but not in a way that suggests the authors or punctum books en- dorses you and your work), you do not use this work for commercial gain in any form whatsoever, and that for any remixing and transformation, you distribute your rebuild under the same license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-sa/4.0/ First published in 2019 by punctum books, Earth, Milky Way. https://punctumbooks.com ISBN-13: 978-1-950192-23-6 (print) ISBN-13: 978-1-950192-24-3 (ePDF) doi: 10.21983/P3.0250.1.00 lccn: 2019937769 Library of Congress Cataloging Data is available from the Library of Congress Editorial Team: Chip Badley, Lexxus Edison Coffey, Molly Guillermo, Carmen Guzman, and Jessica Reincke Cover Design: Carmen Guzman and Vincent W.J. -
The Beautiful Struggle: an Analysis of Hip-Hop Icons, Archetypes and Aesthetics
THE BEAUTIFUL STRUGGLE: AN ANALYSIS OF HIP-HOP ICONS, ARCHETYPES AND AESTHETICS ________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ________________________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ________________________________________________________________________ by William Edward Boone August, 2008 ii © William Edward Boone 2008 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT The Beautiful Struggle: an Analysis of Hip-Hop Icons, Archetypes and Aesthetics William Edward Boone Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Nathaniel Norment, Ph.D. Hip hop reached its thirty-fifth year of existence in 2008. Hip hop has indeed evolved into a global phenomenon. This dissertation is grounded in Afro-modern, Afrocentric and African-centered theory and utilizes textual and content analysis. This dissertation offers a panoramic view of pre-hip hop era and hip hop era icons, iconology, archetypes and aesthetics and teases out their influence on hip hop aesthetics. I identify specific figures, movements and events within the context of African American and American folk and popular culture traditions and link them to developments within hip hop culture, iconography, and aesthetics. Chapter 1 provides an introduction, which includes a definition of terms, statement of the problem and literature review. It also offers a perfunctory discussion of hip hop