Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Rural Resilience (Ebarr) in Tanzania

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Rural Resilience (Ebarr) in Tanzania © Malcolm Cerfonteyn, Flickr Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Rural Resilience (EbARR) in Tanzania Final Report Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Rural Resilience (EbARR) in Tanzania Final Report Client Vice President’s Office, Tanzania Authors Paul Manning (Independent Consultant, Team Leader) Dr. Jochen Statz (UNIQUE forestry and land use, Germany) Renuka Srinivasan (UNIQUE forestry and land use, Germany) Dr. Gordon Stanger (Independent Consultant) Demetrius Kweka (Independent Consultant) Abdallah Henku (Independent Consultant) Dr. Japhet Kashaigili (Independent Consultant) Date: 14.04.2020 UNIQUE | EbARR – Vulnerability Impact Assessment Final Report 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 4 List of figures ....................................................................................................................... 5 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 9 Background .............................................................................................................................. 9 Summary of climate projections and impacts ....................................................................... 10 Recommended EbA interventions ......................................................................................... 13 Ecosystem indicators.............................................................................................................. 18 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 20 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 20 1.2 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 21 Thematic scope .................................................................................................... 21 Geographic scope ................................................................................................. 21 1.3 Main policies, legislations and strategies in the land use sector ................................... 23 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 25 2.1 Work plan overview ....................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Phase 1: Desk review ...................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Phase 2: Vulnerability and Impact Assessment .............................................................. 27 2.4 Phase 3: Finalization of EbA interventions ..................................................................... 32 3 Kaskazini-A, Unguja Island - Zanzibar ............................................................................. 33 3.1 Description of study district ........................................................................................... 33 3.2 Climate change projections for district .......................................................................... 37 Summary of Climate Change for Zanzibar ........................................................... 37 Rainfall and evapotranspiration ........................................................................... 40 Other projections ................................................................................................. 42 3.3 Risk maps and risk analysis for district ........................................................................... 44 3.4 Climate change impacts for the watershed in the context of current land use ............ 46 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 46 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................... 47 Water supply ........................................................................................................ 47 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 48 Coastal resources ................................................................................................. 50 UNIQUE | Vulnerability and Impact Assessment, Tanzania 3.5 Ongoing adaptation efforts ............................................................................................ 50 3.6 Interventions .................................................................................................................. 53 4 Mvomero, Morogoro .................................................................................................... 55 4.1 Description of study district ........................................................................................... 55 4.2 Climate change projections for district .......................................................................... 57 Temperature ........................................................................................................ 57 Rainfall.................................................................................................................. 59 4.3 Risk maps and risk analysis for district ........................................................................... 62 4.4 Climate change impacts for the watershed in the context of current land use ............ 64 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 64 Rangeland............................................................................................................. 65 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................... 66 Water supply ........................................................................................................ 67 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 69 4.5 Ongoing adaptation efforts ............................................................................................ 70 4.6 Interventions .................................................................................................................. 72 5 Simanjiro, Manyara....................................................................................................... 75 5.1 Description of study district ........................................................................................... 75 5.2 Climate change projections for district .......................................................................... 77 Temperature ........................................................................................................ 77 Rainfall and evapotranspiration ........................................................................... 79 5.3 Risk maps ........................................................................................................................ 81 5.4 Climate change impacts for the watershed in the context of current land use ............ 83 Forests and woodlands ........................................................................................ 83 Bushland, shrublands and rangelands ................................................................. 83 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................... 84 Water supply ........................................................................................................ 85 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 87 5.5 Ongoing adaptation efforts ............................................................................................ 88 5.6 Interventions .................................................................................................................. 89 6 Kishapu, Shinyanga ....................................................................................................... 91 6.1 Description of study district ........................................................................................... 91 6.2 Climate change projections for district .......................................................................... 92 Temperature ........................................................................................................ 92 UNIQUE | EbARR – Vulnerability Impact Assessment Final Report 2 Rainfall.................................................................................................................. 94 6.3 Risk maps ........................................................................................................................ 97 6.4 Climate change impacts for the watershed in the context of current land use ............ 99 Forests and woodlands ........................................................................................ 99 Rangelands, bushlands and grasslands ................................................................ 99 Biodiversity
Recommended publications
  • Youth – Led Development of Tanzania`S Moringa Value Chain Project in Iringa and Mbeya Regions
    Youth – Led Development of Tanzania`s Moringa Value Chain Project in Iringa and Mbeya regions Mapping and assessment report of the Moringa value chain in Tanzania January 2020 Mapping and assessment report of the Moringa value chain in Tanzania |Page 1 Preface This report has been developed by Farm Africa. It was made possible through support provided by Feed the Future through the U.S. Agency for International Development, under the Feed the Future Tanzania Advancing Youth activity, Contract No.AID-OAA-I-15-00014 Task Order No. AID-621-TO-17-00004. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Within the activity, Intermediate Result #1 has been to increase expertise and improved coordination among Moringa stakeholders through assessment and mapping the existing business models in Tanzania. The result of this exercise will inform future interventions within the value chain. In addition, this report is intended to investigate the characteristics of MSMEs in Moringa and to suggest ways of improving their performance, particularly tackling constraints faced by youth entrepreneurs. This report is a result of different collaborations created during the implementation of the project so a variety of methods were employed. Some of the information presented herein came from reviewing other documents (mentioned in reference chapter), but most of the information and photos presented in this report were collected during different stages of the project ie: meeting notes with 5 local government authorities, survey data from +160 producers (farmers), 10 processors, 1 aggregator and 2 traders in 5 regions using a structured questionnaire.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Tanzania in Figures
    2019 Tanzania in Figures The United Republic of Tanzania 2019 TANZANIA IN FIGURES National Bureau of Statistics Dodoma June 2020 H. E. Dr. John Pombe Joseph Magufuli President of the United Republic of Tanzania “Statistics are very vital in the development of any country particularly when they are of good quality since they enable government to understand the needs of its people, set goals and formulate development programmes and monitor their implementation” H.E. Dr. John Pombe Joseph Magufuli the President of the United Republic of Tanzania at the foundation stone-laying ceremony for the new NBS offices in Dodoma December, 2017. What is the importance of statistics in your daily life? “Statistical information is very important as it helps a person to do things in an organizational way with greater precision unlike when one does not have. In my business, for example, statistics help me know where I can get raw materials, get to know the number of my customers and help me prepare products accordingly. Indeed, the numbers show the trend of my business which allows me to predict the future. My customers are both locals and foreigners who yearly visit the region. In June every year, I gather information from various institutions which receive foreign visitors here in Dodoma. With estimated number of visitors in hand, it gives me ample time to prepare products for my clients’ satisfaction. In terms of my daily life, Statistics help me in understanding my daily household needs hence make proper expenditures.” Mr. Kulwa James Zimba, Artist, Sixth street Dodoma.”. What is the importance of statistics in your daily life? “Statistical Data is useful for development at family as well as national level because without statistics one cannot plan and implement development plans properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging the Win-Win Proposition of Community-Based Wildlife Management in Tanzania
    THE PIMA PROJECT RESEARCH DISSEMINATION NOTE Poverty ad ecosyste service ipacts of Tazaia’s Wildlife Maageet Areas BURUNGE WMA Map of Burunge WMA Burunge was registered in 2006 and received user rights in Manyara 2007. Its nine1 member villages are: Kakoi, Olasiti, Magara, Lake Manyara Ranch National Park Maweni, Manyara, Sangaiwe, Mwada, Ngolei, Vilima Vitatu. They are home to ca. 34,000 people of the Mbugwe, Barbaig, Iraqw, Maasai and Warusha ethnicities have set Burunge aside 280 km2 for wildlife conservation purposes, WMA facilitated by African Wildlife Foundation and Babati District. Located between Tarangire National Park, Tarangire Manyara Ranch and Lake Manyara National Park in Babati National Park district, Manyara region, the WMA features a large tourism potential. Currently the WMA has agreements with four tourism investors operating across 6 lodge sites and one hunting block. The PIMA project dissemination note Fig. 1: Map of Burunge WMA (white). Village borders (black) are The Poverty and ecosystem service I estimates, based on georeferenced village maps, fieldwork, GIS shapefiles from NBS, WWF, TANAPA. Compiled by J. Bluwstein. Wildlife Management Areas (PIMA) project is an international research collaboration mpactsinvolving of UniversityTanzanias College London, the University of Copenhagen, Imperial Fact box: Burunge WMA College London, Edinburgh University, the Tanzania Region Manyara Member villages 9 Wildlife Research Institute, the UNEP World Conservation Population (PHC 2012) 34,000 Monitoring Centre, and the Tanzania Natural Resources Area 280 km2 Forum. PIMA collected household-level information on Year registered 2006 wealth and livelihoods through surveys and wealth ranking Authorised Association (AA) Juhibu exercises, supplemented with WMA- and village-level WMA Income 2014/2015 (USD) 381,835 information on WMA governance, including revenue distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Mwanza Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report For
    LVWATSAN – Mwanza Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for Construction and Operation of a Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant in Lamadi Town, Busega District, Simiyu Region – Tanzania Prepared for: Mwanza Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (MWAUWASA) P.O. Box 317 Makongoro Road, Mwanza Prepared by: Mott MacDonald in association with UWP Consulting On behalf of ESIA Study Team: Wandert Benthem (Registered Environmental Expert), Mwanza Tel.: 0763011180; Email: [email protected] Submitted to: NEMC Lake Zone P.O. Box 11045 Maji Igogo, Mwanza Tel.: 0282502684 Email: [email protected] March 2017 LVWATSAN – Mwanza Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for Construction and Operation of a Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant in Lamadi Town, Busega District, Simiyu Region – Tanzania March 2017 Mwanza Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (MWAUWASA) OPS/ASD/Technical Assistance Unit (TAU), 100 boulevard Konrad Adenauer, L-2950 Luxembourg The technical assistance operation is financed by the European Union under the Cotonou Agreement, through the European Development Fund (EDF). The EDF is the main instrument funded by the EU Member States for providing Community aid for development cooperation in the African, Caribbean and Pacific States and the Overseas Countries and Territories. The authors take full responsibility for the contents of this report. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the view of the European Union or the European Investment Bank. Mott MacDonald, Demeter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2RS, United Kingdom T +44 (0)1223 463500 F +44 (0)1223 461007 W www.mottmac.com Green corner – Save a tree today! Mott MacDonald is committed to integrating sustainability into our operational practices and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Distribution of Indigenous Rice-Cultivation Techniques and Their Expansion in Tanzania
    Trop. Agr. Develop. 63(1):18 - 26,2019 Geographic Distribution of Indigenous Rice-cultivation Techniques and Their Expansion in Tanzania Futoshi KATO* College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan Abstract In Tanzania, indigenous rice-cultivation productivity is generally lower than that of rice cultivation using modern irrigation systems, even though it is a nationwide practice. Practical improvements in indigenous rice cultivation are required to increase the productivity, stability, and sustainability of rice cultivation. Tanzania is a major rice-producing country in Africa and the demand for rice is continuously increasing; therefore, indigenous rice cultivation has also increased for more than 20 years. This study was focused on indigenous rice cultivation and aimed at elucidating the geographic distribution of indigenous rice cultivation and characterizing the techniques used. Fieldwork was conducted in Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Mbeya, Dodoma, Rukwa, Morogoro, and Dar es Salaam, which are the major rice-producing areas in Tanzania. Two basic rice-cultivation techniques are used in that country; one utilizes runoff from rainfall and the other uses floodwater from streams, rivers, and swamps. The former is practiced in northern and western Tanzania and is characterized by transplanting, building levees, and plowing with bullocks, while the latter is practiced in south-central Tanzania and is characterized by broadcasting seed, irrigating with floodwater, and using tractors. Furthermore, rice cultivation that utilizes runoff expanded from northern to southern regions of Tanzania in parallel with the migration of the Sukuma people; this has increased the diversification of Tanzanian rice cultivation. These indigenous rice-cultivation techniques were found to be affected by geographical, meteorological, and social conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples' Issues
    Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues United Republic of Tanzania Country Technical Notes on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Submitted by: IWGIA Date: June 2012 Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations ‗developed‘ and ‗developing‘ countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. All rights reserved Acronyms and abbreviations ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples‘ Rights ASDS Agricultural Sector Development Strategy AU African Union AWF African Wildlife Fund CBO Community Based Organization CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Party of the Revolution) CELEP Coalition of European Lobbies for Eastern African Pastoralism CPS Country Partnership Strategy (World Bank) COSOP Country Strategic Opportunities Paper (IFAD) CWIP Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire DDC District Development Corporation FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FBO Faith Based Organization FGM Female Genital Mutilation FYDP Five Year Development Plan
    [Show full text]
  • A Contextual Analysis for Village Land Use Planning in Tanzania's
    A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Tanzania’s Bagamoyo and Chalinze districts, Pwani region and Mvomero and Kilosa districts, Morogoro region Sustainable Rangeland Management Project ILRI PROJECT REPORT ISBN: 92-9146-586-0 The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) works to improve food and nutritional security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for efficient, safe and sustainable use of livestock. Co-hosted by Kenya and Ethiopia, it has regional or country offices and projects in East, South and Southeast Asia as well as Central, East, Southern and West Africa. ilri.org CGIAR is a global agricultural research partnership for a food-secure future. Its research is carried out by 15 research centres in collaboration with hundreds of partner organizations. cgiar.org A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Pwani and Morogoro regions of Tanzania i ii A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Pwani and Morogoro regions of Tanzania A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Tanzania’s Bagamoyo and Chalinze districts, Pwani region and Mvomero and Kilosa districts, Morogoro region Sustainable Rangeland Management Project Emmanuel Sulle and Wilbard Mkama Editor: Fiona Flintan (International Livestock Research Institute) July 2019 A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Pwani and Morogoro regions of Tanzania iii ©2019 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund This publication is copyrighted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania 2016 International Religious Freedom Report
    TANZANIA 2016 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitutions of the union government and of the semiautonomous government in Zanzibar both prohibit religious discrimination and provide for freedom of religious choice. Three individuals were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the arson of a church in Kagera. A Christian bishop in Dar es Salaam was arrested and accused of sedition for speaking on political matters from the pulpit. The church’s license was withheld while police continued to investigate at year’s end. The president and prime minister, along with local government officials, emphasized peace and religious tolerance through dialogue with religious leaders. Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa addressed an interfaith iftar in July, noting his appreciation for religious leaders using their place of worship to preach tolerance, peace, and harmony. In May 15 masked assailants bombarded and attacked individuals at the Rahmani Mosque, killing three people, including the imam, and injuring several others. Arsonists set fire to three churches within four months in the Kagera Region, where church burning has been a recurring concern of religious leaders. The police had not arrested any suspects by the end of the year. Civil society groups continued to promote peaceful interactions and religious tolerance. The U.S. embassy began implementing a program to counter violent extremism narratives and strengthen the framework for religious tolerance. A Department of State official visited the country to participate in a conference of Anglican leaders on issues of religious freedom and relations between Christians and Muslims. Embassy officers continued to advocate for religious peace and tolerance in meetings with religious leaders in Zanzibar.
    [Show full text]
  • Social-Economic Profile
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT KONGWA DISTRICT SOCIAL-ECONOMIC PROFILE District Executive Director, P.O Box 57, KONGWA. Tel: 026 2320537 Fax. 026 2320537 Email: [email protected] August, 2016 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction This description comprises six chapters. The first chapter introduces the Council of Kongwa focusing on land, climatic condition, agro-ecological zones as well as its people. Kongwa ward is the seat of the District Headquarter. The town started as a centre for German Colonial activities in 1942 following establishment of groundnuts estates. The choice of its location strategically made to fertile soil suitable for groundnuts cultivation and accessibility to road. The town also has historical roots that associate it with the great Gogo tribe. Overtime, the town has redefined and extended its role, eventually becoming a centre for social and economic development for the hinterlands as a whole. The administrative area comprises a total of 22 wards, 87 villages, 383 suburbs and 2 township authorities. The distribution of wards include Sejeli, Kongwa, Sagara, Chamkoroma, Pandambili, Lenjulu, Chiwe, Kibaigwa, Mtanana, Njoge, Ngomai, Mkoka, Matongoro, Makawa, Chitego, Hogoro, Songambele, Zoissa, Iduo, Mlali, Nghumbi and Ugogoni. The District Economy The main economic activities in the council are farming, livestock keeping and informal sector activities. Overall, the industrial sector has been in a gradual development and scaling up their activities. This can be observed from small industries growing for processing cooking oil such as sunflower and groundnuts. This chapter covers the District GDP and average income (per capita), trade and cooperatives, annual budgeting, housing and unplanned settlements as well as informal sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    IK: Other Ways of Knowing Peer Reviewed Challenges in Harnessing Indigenous Knowledge Systems through Creation of Employment for Rural Women in Tanzania: The Case Study of Barabaig Volume: 4 Pg 68-94 Leather Products in Manyara Region John M. Mtui, PhD Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania This study examines opportunities and challenges in harnessing indigenous knowledge (IK) for employment creation and poverty reduction in rural Tanzania. The study is underpinned by literature review and descriptive analysis focusing on leather products made by Barabaig women in Hanang, Tanzania. During the study, a sample of one hundred households was selected and interviewed. Data were collected from the administered interviews that were structured like a questionnaire. The literature details the challenges IK faces, including: the threat of extinction due to lack of recording, with much focus on IK that has a direct cash benefit only and the ignored “non-cash” knowledge; considered as part of a residual, traditional, and backward way of life that is easily brushed off on the ground that it cannot be trusted; and not inclusive. The IK drive in Tanzania lacks one unifying policy. Inadequate tanning training, expensive modern tanning inputs, low quality hides and skins associated with poor animal husbandry, poor quality local inputs and tools, low quality output, and lack of markets are among the inhibiting factors faced by Barabaig women using IK to create leather products. Poor roads, inadequate supply of clean water and health services, and lack of electricity is another set of hurdles Barabaig women face. Apart from leather products, Barabaig women also produce other traditional products such as blankets, shawls, bracelets, and neck and waist ornaments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Road to Total Sanitation: Notes from a Field Trip and Workshop on Scaling up in Africa
    The Road to Total Sanitation: Notes from a field trip and workshop on scaling up in Africa The Road to Total Sanitation: Notes from a field trip and workshop on scaling up in Africa 23-24 July 2010 In July 2010, six organizations came together to study and discuss current prospects for scaling up access to sanitation and hygiene inVon East Africa. The group started with a trip to the field – visiting various projects in Tanzania that, between them, represent a range of approaches to improving access to sanitation and changing hygiene practices. The objective was not to evaluate or critique individual projects, but rather to look for overarching principles: what works; what doesn’t work; what are the gaps in our knowledge; how can working in partnership help us achieve our aims; what barriers do we need to overcome in order to extend the benefits of such projects to all people across Africa. These notes reflect the conclusions, recommendations and lessons learned from this trip. They are based on a two-day workshop that was held directly following the trip. Further detailed notes, photos, and video material can be found in the appendices. In addition, it is planned that various databanks of reports, photos and videos will be developed and made available via the web. In December 2009, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation organized a meeting on the topic of scaling up on-site sanitation. Following this meeting, WSP convened a meeting of partners to explore how issues raised at the Gates meeting could be taken forward in East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge of Obstetric Danger Signs Among Recently-Delivered Women in Chamwino District, Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Study Deogratius Bintabara1,2*, Rose N
    Bintabara et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2017) 17:276 DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1469-3 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Knowledge of obstetric danger signs among recently-delivered women in Chamwino district, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study Deogratius Bintabara1,2*, Rose N. M. Mpembeni3 and Ahmed Abade Mohamed4 Abstract Background: Low knowledge of danger signs has been shown to delay seeking obstetric care which leads to high maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Tanzania about half of pregnant women are informed about obstetric danger signs during antenatal care, but the proportion of those who have full knowledge of these obstetric danger signs is not known. This study assessed the knowledge of obstetric danger signs and its associated factors among recently-delivered women in Chamwino District, Tanzania. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2014 in Chamwino District, Tanzania. A woman was considered knowledgeable if she spontaneously mentioned at least five danger signs in any of the three phases of childbirth (pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum) with at least one in each phase. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit study participants. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to control for confounding and other important covariates. Results: A total of 428 women were interviewed. The median age (IQR) was 26.5 (22–33) years. Only 25.2% of respondents were knowledgeable about obstetric danger signs during pregnancy, childbirth/labour and postpartum. Significant explanatory variables of being knowledgeable about obstetric danger signs were found to be maternal education (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.82), maternal occupation (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI; 1.10, 4.52), spouse occupation (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.32) and counseling on danger signs (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.36, 8.62) after controlling for the clustering effect, confounding and important covariates.
    [Show full text]