Turkey Visa Requirements for Bangladeshi Citizens
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How the Resource Curse Affects Urban Development in East Timor
The Sustainable City V 495 How the resource curse affects urban development in East Timor I. M. Madaleno Portuguese Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon Abstract East Timor is heavily reliant upon royalty and taxation revenues from petroleum and natural gas resources. Poor management of natural resources revenue has given ground for the nation to fall victim to the ‘resource curse’. This paper provides an overview of the country’s recent history whilst characterising its energy resources availability and case-studying a stressing and omnipresent urban problem: the persistence of internal displaced people (idps) living in refugee camps within Dili district. The objective of this contribution is to describe sample research conducted in the capital city of the first 21st century nation on Earth, so as to evaluate with empirical data how the wealth of natural resources is being used both to improve East Timorese daily lives and to regenerate the urban tissue. Keywords: resource curse, refugee camps, urban regeneration, Dili, East Timor. 1 Introduction Asian tigers – South Korea, Taiwan, Hong-Kong and Singapore – are resource- poor countries. East Timor as well as Angola, both former Portuguese colonies, are resource-rich, exhibiting poor economic growth performances and displaying high levels of poverty (see table 1). The quality of local institutions is decisive, though, for there is no curse that cannot be lifted [1, 2]. It is widely accepted that good governance and a strong juridical and institutional framework tend to minimise the ill consequences of the mineral and energy resources privilege both on common people and on political leaders. Weak administration of revenues by contrast can lead to financial resources waste and environmental constrains on grounds of political mismanagement and corruption as on easy money availability excesses. -
Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021
December 23, 2020 Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR, country or with external elements to endanger national or Hong Kong) is a city located off the southern coast of security.” The NPCSC and the HKSAR government have Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC or stated that the NSL was necessary to restore order China). More than 90% of Hong Kong’s population is following the large-scale protests of 2019. For more about ethnically Chinese. The first language of the vast majority the 2019 protests, see CRS In Focus IF11295, Hong Kong’s is Cantonese, a variety of Chinese different from what is Protests of 2019. spoken in most of the PRC. Hong Kong at a Glance Under the provisions of a 1984 international treaty known Population (2020): 7.5 million as the “Joint Declaration,” sovereignty over Hong Kong Area: 1,082 square kilometers (418 square miles) transferred from the United Kingdom to the PRC on July 1, Per Capita GDP (2019): HK$381,714 (US$48,938) 1997. In the Joint Declaration, China pledged the former British colony “will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, Life Expectancy (at birth, 2018): Men: 82.2 years; except in foreign and defence affairs,” and “will be vested Women: 88.1 years with executive, legislative and independent judicial power, Leadership: Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor including that of final adjudication.” China also promised Source: Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department that the “[r]ights and freedoms, including those of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) has arrested dozens of travel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of of people for alleged NSL violations. -
Bangladesh Embassy Passport Renewal Form Washington Dc
Bangladesh Embassy Passport Renewal Form Washington Dc someAri usually medications disrupts unfairly compliantly or refer or desulphurizedtegularly. Woodie thereof skunks when dialectally congested while Matthus meiotic astrict Sivert edifyingly bench anatomically and unblamably. or rebuked Ruinous geocentrically. and close Hari often gluing So i become one passport bangladesh embassy in the center of bangladesh and acquiring visas are accepted as reference has been offered a white background Travel Document Systems, Inc. Data Correction in MRP the printed MRP comes from Dhaka is intended to. Please note schedule could change without notice. Simply for visa application must be presented together with white background check with an actual signed by mail replacement! As age of embassy bangladesh consulate that was wonderful and you may contact form online application forms and visa are grateful, dc area for renewal. Online form here is that all forms are planning travel. The selected payment method does not support daily recurring giving. Required visa processing fees as applicable in respect of different countries. Any direct communication via email address with a washington dc or an apostille a visa prior approval for citizens in washington dc. Every requirement for renewal form must be prepared for bangladesh embassy passport renewal form washington dc, dc for various services from dhaka. Idaho Notary Public State Documents. Site at any restrictions vary greatly when you intent on entry requirements for application forms needed for. Fees On Time Visa Service Fee 10000 per visa 4-6 weeks Regular Process. The embassy account bangladeshi passport visa courier fee to enter bangladesh passport renewal form duly authorized person duly signed by appointment only. -
Hong Kong (China)
126 Hong Kong (China) A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard Hong Kong (China) has 41 tax agreements in force, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire. Three of those agreements, the agreements with Belarus*, Estonia and Finland, comply with the minimum standard. Hong Kong (China) joined the MLI in 2017 and has not listed its agreements with India and Saudi Arabia. It indicated in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire that it would list those agreements under the MLI. India and Saudi Arabia have listed their agreements with Hong Kong (China) under the MLI. Hong Kong (China) is implementing the minimum standard through the inclusion of the preamble statement and the PPT.61 The agreements that will be modified by the MLI will come into compliance with the minimum standard once the provisions of the MLI take effect. B. Implementation issues Hong Kong (China)’s listed agreements under the MLI will start to be compliant after the ratification of the MLI. It is encouraged that the MLI be ratified as soon as possible. Summary of the jurisdiction response – Hong Kong (China) Treaty partners Compliance If compliant, Signature of The alternative Comments with the the alternative a complying implemented through the standard implemented instrument complying instrument (if not the MLI) 1 Austria No N/A Yes N/A 2 Belarus* Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 3 Belgium No N/A Yes N/A 4 Brunei Darussalam No N/A Yes N/A 5 Cambodia* No N/A No N/A To be added to the list of agreements that Hong Kong wishes to cover under the MLI or through bilateral negotiations of an amending protocol 6 Canada No N/A Yes N/A 7 Czech Republic No N/A Yes N/A 8 Estonia Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 9 Finland Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 61 For 35 of its agreements listed under the MLI, Hong Kong is implementing the preamble statement (Article 6 of the MLI). -
Economic Integration Between Hong Kong, Taiwan and The
OECD Economic Studies No . 20. Spring 1993 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BETWEEN HONG KONG. TAIWAN AND THE COASTAL PROVINCES OF CHINA Randall S. Jones. Robert E . King and Michael Klein CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................... 116 1. Economic integration within the CEA ............................. 118 A . Trade .................................................. 118 B. Foreign direct investment ................................... 123 C . Other linkages ........................................... 127 D. Impact of integration within the CEA .......................... 128 II . Forces driving integration ...................................... 130 A . Resource endowments ...................................... 130 B . Revealed comparative advantage ............................ 133 C . The role of policies ........................................ 134 D . Political ties ............................................. 137 E . Rapid growth despite policy distortions ......................... 138 Ill. Outlook .................................................... 139 Bibliography .................................................... 1.43 Randall S . Jones and Robert E. King are economists in the Foreign Trade and Investment Division of the Economics Department. Michael Klein. who was formerly employed in the same division. now works at the World Bank . The authors would like to thank Sveinbjorn Blondal. Michael P . Feiner. Nicholas Vanston and Bernard Wacquez for their comments and suggestions. 115 INTRODUCTION During the past -
Tourist Visa Australia from India Checklist
Note: Please print out a copy of this checklist, Sign and submit the same along with your application. Tourist Visa Checklist Place a tick in the box for documents you are submitting or if the statement is applicable to your case. Section A: Standard documents You Staff ● Online Application form fully filled available at www.vfsglobal.com/india/australia o Download all forms, print and sign where applicable. o Any Errors on the printed form cannot be modified by Pen/Pencil at the time of Submission. o Applicants are advised to ensure accuracy of the details entered in the online Form. ● ONE recent photograph (2 inch x 2 inch), meeting strict specifications. see www.vfsglobal.com/india/australia for more details. IPVSC Centres in Australia provide photography services as per the guidelines of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). This service is chargeable and available for standard photographs of Adult and children. (Assistance may not be available for Infant and applicants’ with Special Needs). ● Current Original passport /Travel Document with a minimum validity of six months from the date of Application and must have at least two blank page. o Except Czech National – See details under section D ● If your occupation selected on your Visa Application form is, “Journalist”, you may only apply for a Journalist Visa, even if you intend to travel for tourism or any work or non-work related purpose. Check Occupation on Form. ● Appointment Letter:- o All Applicants visiting the application centre for submitting their applications in person are required to schedule an appointment. (Applications sent by Post/Courier do not require scheduling an appointment) o Visit www.vfsglobal.com/india/australia to schedule appointment or Click here. -
10. HONG KONG's STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE UNDER CHINESE SOVEREIGNTY Tai Ming Cheung Hong Kong Has Come a Long Way Since It Was
- 170 - 10. HONG KONG’S STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE UNDER CHINESE SOVEREIGNTY Tai Ming Cheung Hong Kong has come a long way since it was dismissed as a barren rock a century and a half ago. This bastion of freewheeling capitalism today is a leading international financial, trading and communications center serving one of the world’s fastest growing economic regions. But Hong Kong is also entering a period of considerable change and uncertainty following its reversion to Chinese sovereignty that is likely to have a far- reaching impact on its strategic importance and role over the coming years. As a British colony, Hong Kong was an important outpost for the West to keep an eye on China and safeguard busy sea-lanes. Under Chinese rule, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) will play a crucial role in boosting China’s economic growth and promoting Beijing’s long-term goal of reunification with Taiwan. How China handles Hong Kong’s return will have major consequences for the territory as well as for China’s relations with the international community. The world will be watching very carefully whether Beijing will adhere to its international commitments of allowing the SAR to retain a high degree of autonomy. The U.S. has said that the transition will be a key issue in determining its future relations with China. This paper will examine the strategic implications of Hong Kong's return to Chinese rule. Several key issues will be explored: • Hong Kong's past and present strategic significance. • The stationing of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in Hong Kong. -
'Populism': Armenia's “Velvet Revolution”
The Armenian Studies Program and the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies present the 42nd Educator Outreach Conference Authoritarianism, Democratization, and ‘Populism’: Armenia’s “Velvet Revolution” in Perspective Saturday, May 1, 2021 Livestream on YouTube University of California, Berkeley From end March to early May 2018, a series of peaceful protests and demonstration led to the resignation of Prime Minister (PM) Serzh Sargsyan, whom the then ruling Republican Party he chaired had newly nominated for that office. Having completed his two terms as President, from 2008 to 2018, Serzh Sargsyan’s attempt to remain in power became obvious. This attempt also made it evident that the amended 2015 Constitution, which he had promoted to invigorate democratization by shifting power from the office of the President to the Parliament and the office of the Prime Minister, was merely a ploy to extend his rule. It was also the proverbial “last straw that broke the camel’s back.” A kleptocratic, semi-authoritarian regime that appeared to control all the levers of power and of the economy suddenly, and unexpectedly, collapsed. This regime change—which the leader of the protests and incoming new prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, referred to as a “Velvet Revolution”—was peaceful, something unusual for a post-Soviet republic. Subsequent parliamentary elections brought to power a new generation, younger deputies mostly between the ages of twenty-five to forty. A similar generation change also characterized the formation of the government. Youth, however, also means inexperience as almost none of the new deputies and ministers had held any political position in the past. -
Chinahay Newsletter
Newsletter # 3 An Interview with the CHINAHAY President of the Armenian Community of China, Mr. Henri Arslanian The Armenian Community of China to Offer a Scholarship to Study at NEWSLETTER # 3 Armenia’s AUA Celebrations of Armenian Independence Day Armenian Students’ Union in China: Opportunities and Perspectives from Students’ Viewpoints ChinaHAY Commemorates Genocide Centennial Nanjing: Armenians in China Commemorate Armenian Genocide Centennial, Show Solidarity with China’s Nanjing Massacre Shanghai: Armenian Cultural Evening Dedicated to the Remembrance of the Armenian Genocide Beijing: Andin: Armenian Journey Chronicles, an award-winning documentary by Ruben Giney The Armenian Community of China Jack and Julie Maxian Hong Kong Armenian Centre 11/F, Block A, Tonic Industrial Centre, 26 Kai Cheung Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon AN INTERVIEW WITH THE PRESIDENTArmenians have OF been THE active ARMENIANin China from the 17th century to the 1950s, when most of COMMUNITY OF CHINA, MR. HENRI ARSLANIAN Interviewed by Anahit Parzyan them left. We used to have Armenian communities in major cities like Tianjin or Shanghai but also in less expected places like Tibet or Inner Mongolia. There was even an Armenian Church in Harbin in Northern China, while the Armenian Relief Society had a chapter that was run out of the Armenian Club of Shanghai. Armenians have also been extremely successful in China. For example, one of the most significant individuals in the history of Hong Kong is a gentleman by the name of Sir Paul Catchik Chater, who was an Armenian orphan from Calcutta, India. He become such a leading figure in business and politics that to this day many buildings and streets in Hong Kong are named after him and companies he started are still active and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. -
Forced Migration Review No 32
Issue 32 April 2009 No legal identity. Few rights. Hidden from society. Forgotten. Stateless Plus articles on: Europe-Africa cooperation, Colombia, Ecuador, disaster IDPs, migration policies in Europe, reproductive health care in emergencies, cash grants for refugees, a four-article mini-feature on refugee FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY status determination... and more. Forced Migration Review FMR31 Forced Migration Review (FMR) provides a forum for the regular exchange of practical Elliott Steve from the editors of experience, information and ideas between researchers, refugees and internally displaced people, and those who work with them. It is published in English, Arabic, Spanish and French by the Refugee Studies Centre of the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. A ‘stateless person’ is someone who is not recognised as a national by any state. They therefore have no nationality or citizenship (terms used interchangeably in Staff this issue) and are unprotected by national legislation, leaving them vulnerable in ways that most of us never have to consider. The possible consequences of Marion Couldrey & Maurice Herson (Editors) statelessness are profound and touch on all aspects of life. It may not be possible Musab Hayatli (Assistant Editor, Arabic) to work legally, own property or open a bank account. Stateless people may be Heidi El-Megrisi (Coordinator) Sharon Ellis (Assistant) ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱĞȱȱĴȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ Forced Migration Review register births and deaths. Stateless people can neither vote nor access the national justice system. Refugee Studies Centre Oxford Department of International As we are reminded by Mark Manly and Santhosh Persaud in their article in this Development, University of Oxford, ǰȱȱĞȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ 0DQVÀHOG5RDG2[IRUG2;7%8. -
Hong Kong Business Advisory
July 19, 2021 Hong Kong Business Advisory U.S. Executive Agencies Publish Advisory Discussing Risks and Considerations for Businesses and Individuals Operating in Hong Kong SUMMARY On July 16, the U.S. Departments of State, the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security (collectively, the “Departments”) issued an advisory (the “Advisory”) highlighting what the Departments consider to be the increasing risks businesses, individuals, and other persons face in operating in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In light of recent changes to Hong Kong’s laws and regulations, the Advisory seeks to make such persons aware of “potential reputational, regulatory, financial, and, in certain instances, legal risks associated with their Hong Kong operations.”1 CATEGORIES OF RISKS The Advisory identifies four broad categories of risks: (i) risks for businesses following the imposition of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “National Security Law”); (ii) data privacy risks; (iii) risks regarding transparency and access to critical business information; and (iv) risks for businesses that engage with, or may engage with, sanctioned Hong Kong or PRC entities or individuals. A. RISKS UNDER THE NATIONAL SECURITY LAW The PRC National People’s Congress Standing Committee passed the National Security Law in June 2020, which established punishable offenses including secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security. According to the Departments, Hong Kong authorities have arrested individuals under the National Security Law for “publishing newspaper New York Washington, D.C. -
The Status of Hong Kong and Macao Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Pace International Law Review Volume 16 Issue 2 Fall 2004 Article 3 September 2004 The Status of Hong Kong and Macao under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Ulrich G. Schroeter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr Recommended Citation Ulrich G. Schroeter, The Status of Hong Kong and Macao under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 16 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 307 (2004) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol16/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace International Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE STATUS OF HONG KONG AND MACAO UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS Ulrich G. Schroeter* I. Introduction ....................................... 308 II. Significance of the Status as a "Contracting State" Under the UN Sales Convention .................. 309 III. The Case of Hong Kong and Macao ............... 312 A. Historical Background ......................... 312 1. Subsequent Development with Respect to H ong Kong ................................. 313 2. Subsequent Development with Respect to M acao ..................................... 314 B. The Position According to the Two SARs Legal O rder .......................................... 314 C. Are Hong Kong and Macao "Contracting States" According to Articles 89-101 of the C ISG ? ......... ................................ 317 1. Hong Kong and Macao as Parts of the People's Republic of China, a Contracting State ....................................... 318 2. Impact of the Public International Law Rules on Succession of States .............