DOCSLIB.ORG

Time of Day and Date of Year

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ANNOUNCEMENTS 1. HOMEWORK #2 due TODAY. Homework #3 handed out today and DUE NEXT THURSDAY. HOMEWORK #1 HANDED BACK AFTER CLASS. 2. OPTIONAL Observing night tonight at SBO 8pm weather permitting !!!! 3. SUGGESTED STRATEGY FOR UNDERSTANDING CLASS MATERIAL. READ ASSIGNED NOTE PAGES PRIOR TO LECTURE; REVIEW LECTURE POWERPOINT SLIDES AFTERWARDS. 4. Up for Presentation Today: SETTING A SOLAR CALENDAR with 1/ ZENITH PASSAGE DAYS AND 2/ HELIACAL RISING STARS. INCA CALENDAR METHODS FOR SETTING A SOLAR CALENDAR 1) SHADOW OF A GNOMON (VERTICAL We’ll take these STICK) or PINHOLE IMAGE OF THE one-by-one. SUN ALONG A MERIDIAN LINE {EGYPTIAN, CHINESE, EUROPEAN} ALL WERE USED 2) RISING OR SETTING POINTS OF THE BY ANCIENT SUN ALONG THE HORIZON {HOPI, EGYPTIAN, CELTS, etc etc} PEOPLE BUT TRADITION 3). “ZENITH PASSAGE DAYS” = THE TWO DAYS PER YEAR THAT THE SUN DIFFERED IN GOES EXACTLY THROUGH THE ZENITH DIFFERENT IN THE TROPICS (-23.5O TO + 23.5O) LOCATIONS AND 4). DAY THE SUN FIRST BREAKS THE CULTURES. HORIZON IN THE FAR NORTH 5). “HELIACAL RISING” OF CERTAIN KEY STARS (SIRIUS/SOTHIS, PLEIADES) THE YEAR IN THE TROPICS SEASONAL YEAR NOT AS CRITICAL TO MEASURE ACCURATELY. LENGTHS OF DAYS AND NIGHTS DO NOT VARY SIGNIFICANTLY OVER THE YEAR AND THE SUN’S RISING AND SETTING POINTS DO NOT CHANGE SO MUCH DURING THE YEAR AS AT MID- LATITUDES. BETWEEN THE TROPICS OF CANCER AND CAPRICORN THE SUN ATTAINS THE ZENITH AT NOON TWO DAYS PER YEAR. THESE “ZENITH PASSAGE DAYS” ARE LISTED IN HOMEWORK #3 AND IN THE NOTES. ZENITH PASSAGE DAYS CAN BE USED TO SET A SEASONAL CALENDAR ACCURATELY…..BUT ONLY IN THE TROPICS. IF SOMEONE COULD DETERMINE WHEN THE SUN GOES EXACTLY THROUGH THE ZENITH, the calendar could be re-set. See Eratosthenes Challenge Observing Project Eratosthenes of Cyrene Michael Lahanas Ερατοσθένης ο Κυρηναίος : Μέτρηση μήκους περιφέρειας της γης WELL OF SYENE IN EGYPT EXACTLY ON TROPIC OF CANCER 23½ DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE MAYA TIMES and PLACES LATITUDE =14.5 N IN THE NEW WORLD THE MAYA PEOPLE LIVE IN THE TROPICS & ARE THE GREATEST CALENDAR MAKERS OF ALL COPAN, HONDURAS…CITY THAT MADE EARLY MAYA CALENDARS SOLAR ZENITH PASSAGE DATES FOR OBSERVERS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDES __________________________________________________________________________ LATITUDE DATE(S) NUMBER OF DAYS SUN IS: NORTH/SOUTH OF ZENITH ________ ______________ _____________ 23.5 North June 22 1/ 364 20 North May 21, July 24 64/ 301 15 North May 1, Aug 12 103/ 262 10 North Apr 16, Aug 28 134/ 231 5 North Apr 3, Sep 10 160/ 205 Equator Mar 21, Sep 21 184/ 181 5 South Mar 8, Oct 6 212/ 153 10 South Feb 23, Oct 20 239/ 126 15 South Feb 8, Nov 3 268/ 97 20 South Jan 21, Nov 22 305/ 60 23.5 South Dec 21 364/ 1 __________________________________________________________________________ For COPAN, Honduras the Zenith Passage Days are very close to the Cross-Quarter Days of Beltane (May 1st) and Lammas (Aug 12th) AT MONTE ALBAN SUN REFLECTS IN POOL OF WATER XOCHICALCO BELOW IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE ZENITH SUN EFFECT (AUG 2013 NATIONAL GEO) CENOTES, SACRED WELLS, ABOUND IN THE YUCATAN. HERE ARE A COUPLE AROUND CHICHEN ITZA IN THE TROPICS THE SUN CAN GO DIRECTLY OVERHEAD BUT IN THE ARCTIC AN EVEN NEATER THING CAN HAPPEN THE MIDNIGHT SUN. MULTIPLE EXPOSURE BELOW IS TAKEN ABOVE THE ARCTIC CIRCLE (LATITUDE > 90 - 23½) NATIVES OF NORTHERN CANADA START THEIR YEAR WHEN SUN FIRST BREAKS THE HORIZON. METHODS FOR SETTING A SOLAR CALENDAR 1) SHADOW OF A GNOMON (VERTICAL We’ll take these STICK) or PINHOLE IMAGE OF THE SUN ALONG A MERIDIAN LINE one-by-one. {EGYPTIAN, CHINESE, EUROPEAN} ALL WERE USED 2) RISING OR SETTING POINTS OF THE SUN ALONG THE HORIZON BY ANCIENT {HOPI, EGYPTIAN, CELTS, etc etc} PEOPLE BUT 3). “ZENITH PASSAGE DAYS” = THE TRADITION TWO DAYS PER YEAR THAT THE SUN DIFFERED IN GOES EXACTLY THROUGH THE ZENITH DIFFERENT IN THE TROPICS (MAYA, INCA) LOCATIONS AND 4). DAY THE SUN FIRST BREAKS THE CULTURES. HORIZON IN THE FAR NORTH (INUIT) 5). “HELIACAL RISING” OF CERTAIN (Egyptian, Greek, Inca, KEY STARS (SIRIUS/SOTHIS, PLEIADES) Lakota Sioux, etc etc) • TARAJUNGO IN MALI PLEIADES • MATARIKI IN POLYNESIA • IN JAPAN THEY ARE SUBARU • TO THE LAKOTA INDIANS : WINCHIALA SAKOWIN • TO THE INCA THESE STARS ARE CALLED COLCA “ WHEN YOU NOTICE THE PLEIADES RISING, START YOUR REAPING, AND ON YOUR SOWING WHEN THEY ARE SETTING. THEY ARE HIDDEN FROM YOUR VIEW FOR A PERIOD OF FORTY FULL DAYS, BOTH NIGHT AND DAY, BUT THEN ONCE AGAIN AS THE YEAR MOVES AROUND, THEY REAPPEAR AT THE TIME FOR YOU TO BE SHARPENING YOUR SICKLE.” HESIOD OF GREECE, 7th CENTURY, BCE… early Greek poet and farmer LAKOTA STAR KNOWLEDGE: A UNIQUE CELESTIAL PILGRIMAGE TO MATO TIPILA TO CONDUCT THE SUNDANCE ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES ORION SUN NEARS THE LAKOTA SACRED HOOP: TIME TO BREAK WINTER CAMP AND MOVE TO HARNEY PEAK IN THE BLACK HILLS TO CONDUCT THE YOUNG WOMEN’S COMING-OF-AGE CEREMONY MATO TAPILA THE BLACK HILLS as HARNEY seen from PEAK SPACE ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES TAYAMNI: THE CELESTIAL TATANKA THE LAKOTA SACRED HOOP: SUN ABOVE TAYAMNI (CELESTIAL BUFFALO)…TIME TO GO TO BUFFALO GAP TATANKA TATANKA ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES ORION THE SUN MOVES INTO MATO TIPILA, THE BEAR LODGE STARS: THE LAKOTA MOVE TO BEAR LODGE BUTTE TO CONDUCT THE SUNDANCE MATO TIPILA, BEAR LODGE BUTTE MATO TIPILA, BEAR LODGE BUTTE That whites call “DEVIL’S TOWER” First land set aside by Teddy Roosevelt using the Antiquities Act. MACHU PICCHU HIRAM BINGHAM 1913 Cusco: THE CAPITOL OF THE ANCIENT INCA EMPIRE Tahuantinsuyu = land of 4 quarters The Coriacancha: The Center of the Inca Empire INTI RYMI: THE LARGEST SOLSTICE CELEBRATION IN THE WORLD ! At Cusco in Peru. Radiating from the Coriacancha at the center of Cusco are 41 “ceques” (sacred pathways) along which are 328 “huacas” (shrines), one for each day of the Inca year. INTRODUCING THE Q’ERO, DIRECT DESCENDENTS OF ANCIENT INCAS OF THE ANDES My Q’ero Astronomy Mentor, Santos the Elder At the Puno-level village of the Hatun Q’ero clan Hatun Q’ero has 3 village locations at different altitudes: 1. Puno: 14,000-16,000 feet where Llama and Alpaca are herded 2. Quechua: 9,000-11,000 feet where potatoes are grown and celebrations are held 3. Yunga: < 8,000 feet in the Jungle where corn is raised and nobody lives IMPORTANT DATES IN THE INCA YEAR • Mid-May: Pleiades (Colca or “Storehouse”) disappears from the Sky and calendar officially ends for 37 days while the Pleiades are not seen in the sky • FULL INCA YEAR IS 365- 37 = 328 DAYS • AFTER 328 DAYS THERE FOLLOW 37 DAYS WHEN PLEIADES ARE NOT SEEN IN SKY AND “MAMA PACHA” LIES FALLOW • Mid-June: Colca reappears in morning sky, a heliacal rising and the Qoyllur Rit’i (Star of the Snows) pilgrimage and celebration is held. Prognostication involving planting of crops at or around this time. • Winter Solstice (held on June 24th) Inti Rymi ceremony in Cusco at the Coriacancha, in Plaza de Armes and at Sacsayhuaman • Planting time in Cusco (Solar “nadir” passage day) Qoyllur Rit’i (Star of the Snows) pilgrimage Originally an Inca Festival and sacred pilgrimage to honor and bring back a small part of the glacier which provides the beginning of the rivers of life as they descend to Earth from Mayu. Held when Pleiades first visible in the Morning Sky Partly taken over by the Catholic tradition that a boy celebrating Qoyllur Rit’I witnessed a “miracle” seeing a figure of Christ in a rock underneath which the boy was buried. PLEIADES PROGNOSTICATION: PLEIADES LOOK BRIGHT GOOD CROPS PLEIADES LOOK FAINT POOR CROPS THIS METHOD HAS A ~ 70% SUCCESS RATE AT PREDICTING EL NINO YEARS OBSERVATIONS OF THE PLEIADES (COLCA) PREDICTS THE WEATHER ! NORMAL RAIEL NINO YEAR OF SPARSE RAINFALL: PLEIADES DIM & TWINKLING End thurs lecture here DEVIL’S THE BLACK TOWER HILLS… THE VIEW FROM SPACE Celestial “mirroring” Constellations in the sky relate to specific locations in the Black Hills THE ECLIPTIC GEMINI PLEIADES ORION THE LAKOTA SACRED HOOP CELESTIAL “MIRROR” OF THE BLACK HILLLS ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES ORION SUN IN DRY WILLOW STARS: NEAR THE SPRING EQUINOX ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES ORION SUN NEARS THE LAKOTA SACRED HOOP: TIME TO BREAK WINTER CAMP AND MOVE TOWARDS THE BLACK HILLS HARNEY PEAK TATANKA BUFFALO GAP AS VIEWED FROM “INSIDE” THE BLACK HILLS BUFFALO GAP AS VIEWED FROM “OUTSIDE” ECLIPTIC : THE PATH OF THE SUN GEMINI PLEIADES ORION THE SUN MOVES INTO MATO TIPILA, THE BEAR LODGE STARS: THE LAKOTA MOVE TO BEAR LODGE BUTTE TO CONDUCT THE SUNDANCE MATO TIPILA BEAR LODGE BUTTE MATO TAPILLA, BEAR LODGE BUTTE … WHERE EACH YEAR LAKOTA NATIVE AMERICANS CONDUCTED THE SUN DANCE RITUAL OF PURIFICATION AND DEDICATION OUTLAWED IN 1899 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE 1868 Ceded western South Dakota to various bands of the Lakota Sioux Nation. US Government seized the Black Hills in 1877 after gold was found there. Law suit won in 1980 providing monetary settlement in favor of the General William T Sherman at Treaty signing Lakota. Lakota refused the money..
Recommended publications
  • Natal Fixed Star Report

    Natal Fixed Star Report

    Natal Fixed Star Report For Megan Fox Born Friday 16 May 1986 Natal Star Report For: Megan Fox Friday 16 May 1986 12:35 AM EDT +04:00 Oak Ridge, Tennessee Lat 35°N59'18", Long 84°W17'11" Orbs used 2.00 minutes parans, 4.00 minutes angles Day beginning at Sunrise On the day you were born, you not only gained the magic of your horoscope, you also gained the myths and meanings of a sky full of stars. Not all the stars, just those that formed links to your natal planets via what is called parans. By considering the star parans in your life you will be encountering a whole new (though very old) layer of myth and meaning to your chart. Welcome to your Stars. Each star has a unique and wonderful pattern of visibility for any given place on earth. Some stars will be visible for a period in the night, yet later in the year they will fail to appear and be lost to the view of stargazers. Others will also rise or set at night, but instead of disappearing from view altogether, they will lose touch with the horizon and spend the whole night being visible in the starry sky. Yet both these sorts of stars will eventually return to rising or setting during the night, with each individual star doing so on a particular date of the year. However, there is also another set of stars that do not partake of this dance and are always visible, and never sink beneath the horizon, spending every night circling around the pole.
  • III. 9 the HELIACAL RISING of SIRIUS Teije De Jong the Heliacal Rising of Sirius, the Brightest Star in the Sky, Was Used In

    III. 9 the HELIACAL RISING of SIRIUS Teije De Jong the Heliacal Rising of Sirius, the Brightest Star in the Sky, Was Used In

    III. 9 THE HELIACAL RISING OF SIRIUS Teije de Jong The heliacal rising of Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, was used in antiquity, both in Egypt and in Mesopotamia, to synchronize the cal- endar to the solar year. On the day of its heliacal rising Sirius is seen again for the first time in the morning twilight sky after having been invisible for about 70 days (at the geographical latitude of Memphis). On that day it appears a few degrees above the Eastern horizon and disappears again after about 15 minutes due to the brightening of the sky just before sunrise. The date of heliacal rising depends on the rel- ative positions of Sirius and the Sun with respect to the horizon and on atmospheric conditions. According to Parker in the ancient Egyptian lunar calendar an addi- tional 13th month was intercalated in the next year whenever the first visibility of Sirius (associated with the Goddess Sothis) occurred during the last 11 days of the last month Wep renpet of the lunar year.1 In this way the Egyptians could make sure that the first month Toth of their lunar calendar always began shortly (within one lunar month) after the first visibility of Sirius. The heliacal rising of Sirius plays a crucial role in Egyptian chronology because it is supposed to fix the zero-point of the Egyptian civil calendar of 365 days by postulating that at the time of its installation the first visibility of Sirius occurred on the first day of the first month. One of the earliest references to the use of Sirius for intercalation in the Mesopotamian lunar calendar is found on Tablet II of MUL.APIN where we are told that if Sirius rises in the month Du"uzu (the 4th month) this year is normal but if it rises in the month Abu (the 5th) an extra month has to be intercalated that year.2 On Tablet I the nom- inal date of the first visibility of Sirius in the lunar calendar is given 1 R.
  • Heliacal Phenomena and the Resolution of the Hypsomata

    Heliacal Phenomena and the Resolution of the Hypsomata

    Heliacal Phenomena and the Origin of the Exaltations or Hypsomata [HELIACAL] Cyril Fagan. On Heliacal Phenomena ("First Light" Appearances and Disappearances of Planets) in ancient Babylon & Egypt, especially with regard to the First Crescent Moon, its primary importance, & how to calculate it. Never before published FLIGHT OF THE PHOENIX Tables for dating Distant Eras (revised Egyptian Chronology); excerpts from 9/1958 "Solunars," A.A. On Heliacal Phenomena and the Origin of the Exaltations or Hypsomata; excerpts from 6/1969 "Solunars." On the Origin of the Horoscope Form from the Heliacal Rising of Sirius at Heliopolis in 2767 B.C., the inauguration of Sothic Era as the earliest known horoscope; excerpts from 12/1961 "Solunars" and letter of 5/1966. Cyril Fagan, "Solunars," A.A. (9/1958) [HELIACAL PHENOMENA] Babylonian Accuracy If reference is made to the Egyptian Sothic Calendar for 2767 B.C, it will be found that the Greek name for the first month of the season Shemu was Kaphon (Copic=Pachons). This was because the festival of Pa Chons or Chronsu ("The New Moon") was celebrated during this month, which tallied with the Julian year commencing March 13th. Pa Chons was the god of the New Moon and in the monuments he was represented as either a falcon-headed man wearing the solar disc and lunar crescent on his head, or as a naked boy similarly crowned. This seems to prove convincingly that the Egyptians celebrated the Neomenia or 1st New Moon of the lunar year, which tallied with the Babylonian 1st Nisan, long before the institution of their calendar of 360 days, plus 5 epagomenal days, especially as their ideogram for a month was a representation of a crescent moon! 1 | FAGAN -- HELIACAL Many hundreds of Babylonian cuneiform tablets of baked clay have been excavated, which gave the dates of the first appearance of the lunar crescent.
  • CROY NIELSEN Parkring 4, 1010 Vienna, Austria, +43 676 6530074, Info@Croynielsen.Com

    CROY NIELSEN Parkring 4, 1010 Vienna, Austria, +43 676 6530074, [email protected]

    CROY NIELSEN Parkring 4, 1010 Vienna, Austria, +43 676 6530074, [email protected] Hundstage Christiane Blattmann, Pruitt & Early, Anahita Razmi, Andreas Siekmann, Simon Speiser Invited by Daniel Herleth and Bärbel Trautwein 11. 7. – 1. 8. 2015 In the Iliad, the death of the Troyan hero Hector is preluded by his freightened father´s comparison between the approaching Achilles and Sirius, already then commonly named Orion´s Dog, or simply, Dog Star: The careful eyes of Priam first beheld. Not half so dreadful rises to the sight, Through the thick gloom of some tempestuous night, Orion’s dog (the year when autumn weighs), And o’er the feebler stars exerts his rays; Terrific glory! for his burning breath Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death. – Homer, Iliad, XXII 26 – 31 The heat of the midsummer days was feared by the ancient cultures around the Mediterranean. Its occurrence coincided with the rising of Canicula (Little Dog), as the Romans called it in late July. Not only withering the harvest and flaring the tempers, but also stirring the dogs´continuous barking ever since then they are called dies caniculares, dog days. And Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, scorching at the chest of the celestial canine, was attributed malicious traits, heating up the terrestrial to the point a latent madness aroused. Things start to be somehow different then before. Just enough to get nervous, suspicious. Distorted, grotesquely altered and out of proportion, problems mount up. An erratic apathy that might any moment be acted out. Due to the axial precession of the earth, the heliacal rising of Sirius defers behind every year.
  • Kansas State Youth Soccer

    Kansas State Youth Soccer

    KANSAS STATE YOUTH SOCCER www.kansasyouthsoccer.org “The purpose of the Kansas Youth Soccer Association is to promote, foster, and perpetuate the game of soccer throughout the State of Kansas.” Frequently Asked Questions for Summer 2020 Tryout Rules & Procedures What's the purpose of this new amendment and change to the rules for tryouts? The cancellation of the 2020 Spring Kansas State Tournaments (State Cup, Presidents Cup, & Jr. State Cup) has caused KSYSA to modify the current KSYSA rule on Free Agency Period, Tryouts and Player Recruitment for the summer of 2020 for the player registrations for the 2020-2021 seasonal year. FAQ FOR KSYSA CLUBS What is the Free Agency Period? It is the period of when club/team representatives may recruit and talk with players without violation of KSYSA Rules or financial penalty. It is a reset period for all players to begin looking into clubs/teams for the next seasonal year. When is the Free Agency Period? With the amendment to the KSYSA Rules, for this year only, the Free Agency Period for players will begin June 19th and close on July 3rd, 2020. This means that at 12:01am on June 19th, 2020 all players who have not signed a formal acceptance with their existing teams are free to join any club/team following the tryout procedures. When are tryouts for 2020-2021? When can a club begin to register players for tryouts? The actual first day that clubs may host a physical tryout for all youth age groups for competitive teams will be June 19th, 2020 and may be held until July 3rd, 2020 or after that date for any players still not signed/registered with a team.
  • Chapter 3 Affected Environment 3.1

    Chapter 3 Affected Environment 3.1

    CHAPTER 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter describes existing site characteristics and resources that may be affected by the Otay River Estuary Restoration Project (ORERP or proposed action). The approximately 165.3-acre project site is located within the South San Diego Bay Unit of the San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). The project site encompasses two separate, non-contiguous areas: the Otay River Floodplain Site and the Pond 15 Site. The 33.51-acre Otay River Floodplain Site consists of undeveloped land held in trust for the people of California by the State Lands Commission and leased to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) for management as a National Wildlife Refuge. The 90.90-acre Pond 15 Site is also leased to the Service from the State Lands Commission and is currently part of a component of the South Bay Salt Works, which operates on the San Diego Bay NWR under a Special Use Permit from the Service. This chapter analyzes project-specific environmental effects, and is intended to tier from the programmatic Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision for the San Diego Bay NWR Comprehensive Conservation Plan. The Environmental Impact Statement for the San Diego Bay NWR is incorporated by reference (USFWS 2006). 3.1.1 Regional and Historical Setting San Diego Bay and the San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge San Diego Bay is a natural embayment located entirely in San Diego County, California, that originated from the alluvial plains of the Otay, Sweetwater, and San Diego Rivers. The entrance to the nearly enclosed water body is located approximately 9 miles northwest of the project site.
  • 2020-21 Season General Team Information

    2020-21 Season General Team Information

    2020-21 SEASON GENERAL TEAM INFORMATION WHAT IS THE US YOUTH SOCCER NATIONAL LEAGUE? The US Youth Soccer National League is debuting a new structure for the 2020-21 season. The primary competition takes place at the multi-state level within the network of 13 regionally-aligned conferences across the country. The national platform that ties together the Conferences is the National League Showcase Series, which will provide opportunities for more teams to participate in showcases that match up similar teams from varying areas of the country. The Piedmont Conference is one of 13 conferences that fall under the scope of the National League and operate at a multi-state level — providing high-level competition on a consistent basis at a targeted local level (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and parts of east Tennessee). The Piedmont Conference’s top divisions (both team-based and club-based) offer its teams an opportunity to qualify for the 2021 US Youth Soccer Southern Regional Championships, which are held annually each summer. All teams within the Piedmont Conference also have the opportunity to take part in the National League Showcase Series, which provides teams with a chance to play cross-conference matches in a national setting with increased exposure to college, professional and national team scouts. NATIONAL LEAGUE PATHWAY PIEDMONT CONFERENCE 2020-21 GENERAL TEAM INFORMATION – PAGE 2 COMMITMENT Any team looking to participate in the Piedmont Conference must understand the level of commitment it takes to participate in a League that stretches across 3 different state associations. All teams understand that this is a multi- state league and that teams may travel hundreds of miles to participate in conference games.
  • Sylvia Plath's Fixed Stars

    Sylvia Plath's Fixed Stars

    Sylvia Plath’s Fixed Stars by Catherine Rankovic Sylvia Plath’s Fixed Stars Sylvia Plath’s birth. Plath was born October 27, 1932 at 2:10 p.m. in Boston, Massachusetts. “Fixed stars” are all the stars in the sky assigned Mathematical formulae and atlases terrestrial to the units called constellations. The brighter and sidereal permit astrologers to draw up from this information an astronomically accurate, - two-dimensional 360-degree diagram called a acter and life events. Given the resonance of natal chart or birth chart, uniquely Plath’s and the concluding words “[f]ixed stars / Govern a forever hers. [Fig. 1] It will lead us to Plath’s na- life,” in Sylvia Plath’s poem “Words,” I wanted - Western astrology, the type practiced by Plath’s husband Ted Hughes, who all his adult life used astrology as an augury and for character analy- sis. Plath’s readership will then be familiar with Plath’s natal chart, information neither Plath nor Hughes left in writing. In our century, the only excuse for attention to astrology is that there appears to be some- do “govern a life,” or whether Plath or Hughes 1 Taking the subject about as seriously as Hughes did, and using, as he did, Western astrology’s classic geocentric method, we begin with the facts of 1 Ted Hughes in the poem “A Dream,” p. 118 in Birthday Let- 15 SPECIAL FEATURE - was “psychic” or intuitive, requiring a knack, but that is never true: Chart interpretation and prognostication are skills and arts anyone can acquire through instruction, readings, case stud- ies, and practice; one might even add to the lit- erature by becoming a scholar.4 Astrologers use Plath’s natal Sun was in the zodiac sign Scorpio case studies as jurists use precedents.
  • The Pleiades: the Celestial Herd of Ancient Timekeepers

    The Pleiades: the Celestial Herd of Ancient Timekeepers

    The Pleiades: the celestial herd of ancient timekeepers. Amelia Sparavigna Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, Italy Abstract In the ancient Egypt seven goddesses, represented by seven cows, composed the celestial herd that provides the nourishment to her worshippers. This herd is observed in the sky as a group of stars, the Pleiades, close to Aldebaran, the main star in the Taurus constellation. For many ancient populations, Pleiades were relevant stars and their rising was marked as a special time of the year. In this paper, we will discuss the presence of these stars in ancient cultures. Moreover, we will report some results of archeoastronomy on the role for timekeeping of these stars, results which show that for hunter-gatherers at Palaeolithic times, they were linked to the seasonal cycles of aurochs. 1. Introduction Archeoastronomy studies astronomical practices and related mythologies of the ancient cultures, to understand how past peoples observed and used the celestial phenomena and what was the role played by the sky in their cultures. This discipline is then a branch of the cultural astronomy, an interdisciplinary field that relates astronomical phenomena to current and ancient cultures. It must then be distinguished from the history of astronomy, because astronomy is a culturally specific concept and ancient peoples may have been related to the sky in different way [1,2]. Archeoastronomy is considered as a quite new interdisciplinary science, rooted in the Stonehenge studies of 1960s by the astronomer Gerald Hawkins, who tested Stonehenge alignments by computer, and concluded that these stones marked key dates in the megalithic calendar [3].
  • Marks of Heliacal Rising of Sirius on the Sundial of the Bronze Age

    Marks of Heliacal Rising of Sirius on the Sundial of the Bronze Age

    Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 2015, 3(2), 23-42; http://aaatec.org/documents/article/vl7.pdf www.aaatec.org ISSN 2310-2144 Marks of Heliacal Rising of Sirius on the Sundial of the Bronze Age Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya1, Anatoliy N. Usachuk2, Mikhail Yu. Nevsky3 1 Southern Federal University (SFU), Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Donetsk Regional Museum, Donetsk, Ukraine; E-Mail: [email protected] 3Southern Federal University (SFU), Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The article presents the results of interdisciplinary research made with the help of archaeological, physical and astronomical methods. The aim of the study were analysis and interpretation corolla marks of the vessel of the Late Bronze Age, belonging to Srubna culture and which was found near the Staropetrovsky village in the northeast of the Donetsk region. Performed calculations and measurements revealed that the marks on the corolla of Staropetrovsky vessel are marking of horizontal sundial with a sloping gnomon. Several marks on the corolla of the vessel have star shape. Astronomical calculations show that their position on the corolla, as on "dial" of watch, indicates the time of qualitative change the visibility of Sirius in the day its heliacal rising and the next few days in the Late Bronze Age at the latitude of detection of Staropetrovsky vessel. Published in the article the results of astronomical calculations allow to state that astronomical year in the Srubna tradition began with a day of heliacal rising of Sirius. Keywords: vessel, corolla, marks, sundial, gnomon, Srubna culture, heliacal rising, Sirius, archaeoastronomy.
  • Climate Change Impact Assessment

    Climate Change Impact Assessment

    DE L AWAR E Climate Change Impact Assessment PREPARED BY Division of Energy and Climate Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control DE L AWAR E Climate Change Impact Assessment PREPARED BY Division of Energy and Climate Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control February 2014 Cover photo credits: • Main photo of water sunset: Photos.com • Wilmington waterfront: Delaware Economic Development Office • Canoers: Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control • Withered corn: Ben Fertig, Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science • Farmer sweating: Photos.com • Beach house with waves: Wendy Carey, Delaware Sea Grant DE L AWAR E Climate Change Impact Assessment PREPARED BY Division of Energy and Climate Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Section 1: Summary and Introduction Table of Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1 – Introduction Section 2: Delaware’s Climate Chapter 2 – Delaware’s Historic Climate Trends Chapter 3 – Comparison of Observed and Modeled Trends Chapter 4 – Delaware’s Future Climate Projections Section 3: Delaware’s Resources Chapter 5 – Public Health Chapter 6 – Water Resources Chapter 7 – Agriculture Chapter 8 – Ecosystems and Wildlife Chapter 9 – Infrastructure Appendix: Climate Projections – Data, Models, and Methods Climate Projection Indicators Delaware Climate Change Impact Assessment | 2014 i ii Delaware Climate Change Impact Assessment | 2014 Delaware Climate Change Impact
  • Algol As Horus in the Cairo Calendar: the Possible Means and the Motives of the Observations

    Algol As Horus in the Cairo Calendar: the Possible Means and the Motives of the Observations

    Open Astron. 2018; 27: 232–263 Research Article Sebastian Porceddu*, Lauri Jetsu, Tapio Markkanen, Joonas Lyytinen, Perttu Kajatkari, Jyri Lehtinen, and Jaana Toivari-Viitala Algol as Horus in the Cairo Calendar: the possible means and the motives of the observations https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2018-0033 Received Feb 15, 2018; accepted May 04, 2018 Abstract: An ancient Egyptian Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky Days, the Cairo Calendar (CC), assigns luck with the period of 2.850 days. Previous astronomical, astrophysical and statistical analyses of CC support the idea that this was the period of the eclipsing binary Algol three millennia ago. However, next to nothing is known about who recorded Algol’s period into CC and especially how. Here, we show that the ancient Egyptian scribes had the possible means and the motives for such astronomical observations. Their principles of describing celestial phenomena as activity of gods reveal why Algol received the title of Horus Keywords: Algol, Horus, ancient Egyptian Astronomy, variable stars, the Cairo Calendar, hemerologies 1 Introduction ies (Porceddu et al., 2008; Jetsu et al., 2013; Jetsu and Porceddu, 2015), we use only the best preserved continuous calendar which is found on pages recto III-XXX and verso The ancient Egyptian texts known as the Calendars of I-IX of papyrus Cairo 86637.The other texts and fragments Lucky and Unlucky Days, or hemerologies, are literary contained in the same papyrus are ignored from this analy- works that assign prognoses to each day of the Egyp- sis because the connection of these fragments to the main tian year (Wells, 2001a, p117-118), (Leitz, 1994, p1-2) (Bacs, calendar is not apparent and we do not know what year 1990, p41-45) (Troy, 1989, p127-147) and (Helck et al., 1975– they describe, so combining any data points from these 1992, p156).