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Programming-8Bit-PIC
Foreword Embedded microcontrollers are everywhere today. In the average household you will find them far beyond the obvious places like cell phones, calculators, and MP3 players. Hardly any new appliance arrives in the home without at least one controller and, most likely, there will be several—one microcontroller for the user interface (buttons and display), another to control the motor, and perhaps even an overall system manager. This applies whether the appliance in question is a washing machine, garage door opener, curling iron, or toothbrush. If the product uses a rechargeable battery, modern high density battery chemistries require intelligent chargers. A decade ago, there were significant barriers to learning how to use microcontrollers. The cheapest programmer was about a hundred dollars and application development required both erasable windowed parts—which cost about ten times the price of the one time programmable (OTP) version—and a UV Eraser to erase the windowed part. Debugging tools were the realm of professionals alone. Now most microcontrollers use Flash-based program memory that is electrically erasable. This means the device can be reprogrammed in the circuit—no UV eraser required and no special packages needed for development. The total cost to get started today is about twenty-five dollars which buys a PICkit™ 2 Starter Kit, providing programming and debugging for many Microchip Technology Inc. MCUs. Microchip Technology has always offered a free Integrated Development Environment (IDE) including an assembler and a simulator. It has never been less expensive to get started with embedded microcontrollers than it is today. While MPLAB® includes the assembler for free, assembly code is more cumbersome to write, in the first place, and also more difficult to maintain. -
Converting a Microcontroller Lab from the Freescale S12 to the Atmel Atmega32 Processor
ASEE-NMWSC2013-0025 Converting a Microcontroller Lab From The Freescale S12 to the Atmel ATmega32 Processor Christopher R. Carroll University of Minnesota Duluth [email protected] Abstract During the summer of 2013, the laboratory supporting the microcontroller course at the University of Minnesota Duluth was completely re-implemented. For the last several years, the processor that has been used was the Freescale S12, a popular 16-bit microcontroller with a long ancestral history 1. The recent popularity of the Atmel AVR series of microcontrollers, as used in the Arduino microcomputers, for example, has prompted a change in the lab to use Atmel’s ATmega32 microcontroller, an 8-bit member of the AVR family of microcontrollers 2,3 . The new processor has a fundamentally different architecture than that used in the past, but the input/output resources available are much the same. This paper addresses issues that will be faced in the conversion when the course is taught with the new lab hardware for the first time in the Fall. At the very fundamental level, the S12 and ATmega32 differ in architecture. The S12 is a Princeton architecture computer (single memory for both program and data), while the ATmega32 is a Harvard architecture computer (separate program and data memories). The S12 is clearly a CISC machine (Complex Instruction Set Computer) while the ATmega32 is clearly a RISC machine (Reduced Instruction Set Computer). These differences will affect how the microcontroller course is taught when it is offered in the Fall using this new lab. Fortunately, however, the collection of input/output devices in the AVR microcontrollers mimics closely what is found in the S12, so that many of the existing lab exercises will be used again with only minor tweaking. -
AN1673 Using the PIC16F1XXX High-Endurance Flash (HEF) Block
AN1673 Using the PIC16F1XXX High-Endurance Flash (HEF) Block FLASH VS. HIGH-ENDURANCE Author: Lucio Di Jasio Microchip Technology Inc. FLASH Like most other PIC microcontrollers in Flash technology, the PIC16F1XXX series features a INTRODUCTION single-voltage self-write Flash program memory array. The PIC16F1XXX family of general purpose Flash This means that, without additional external hardware microcontrollers features the 8-bit PIC® MCU support, these devices can modify the contents of their enhanced mid-range core. Carefully trading Flash memory at runtime, under firmware control. functionality versus cost, several members of this As an example, this capability is conveniently used to family, including the PIC16F14XX, PIC16F15XX and implement boot loaders, enabling embedded PIC16F17XX, have made a departure from the usual application that can be reprogrammed in the field via a set of peripherals found in previous models to achieve simple serial connection (UART, SPI, I2C™, USB, etc.) a lower price point while still offering a compelling new and without requiring the use of a dedicated in-circuit set of features. Among the several new peripherals programmer/debugger device. introduced, it is worth noting: This capability can also be used to store and/or update • Configurable Logic Cell – a small set of logic calibration data in program memory (obtained at the blocks (unlike a small PLD) that can help directly end of a production line or after product installation). interconnect various peripherals inputs/outputs However, the main limitation of the self-write Flash without CPU intervention. program memory array lies in the relatively small • Complementary Output Generator – the front end number of possible erase/write cycles. -
32-Bit Microcontroller Families Industry’S Broadest and Most Innovative 32-Bit MCU Portfolio
32-bit Microcontrollers 32-bit Microcontroller Families Industry’s Broadest and Most Innovative 32-bit MCU Portfolio www.microchip.com/32bit World-Class 32-bit Microcontrollers Building on the heritage of Microchip Technology’s world-leading 8- and 16-bit microcontrollers, the 32-bit family offers a wide range of products from the industry’s lowest-power to highest-performance MCUs coupled with novel and easy-to-use soft- ware solutions. With a rich ecosystem of development tools, integrated development environments and third-party partners, Microchip’s families of 32-bit microcontrollers accelerate a vast array of embedded designs ranging from secured Internet of Things (IoT) to Functional Safety applications to general-purpose embedded control. Internet of Things Security Functional Safety Graphics and Touch Ultra-Low Power Digital Audio 5V Appliances Automotive Wearables Connected Lighting Motor Control Metering Broad Portfolio with Smart Peripheral Mix and Multiple Performance Options High Performance SAMS, SAME, SAMV Cortex-M7, 600 DMIPS, 512–2048 KB Flash PIC32MZ EF MIPS M-Class, 415 DMIPS, 512–2048 KB Flash Mid-Range PIC32MZ DA PIC32MK MC/GP MIPS microApv™, 330 DMIPS, 32 MB SDRAM, MIPS microApv, 198 DMIPS, 256–1024 KB Flash 1-2 MB Flash SAMD5/E5, SAM4N/4S/4E/4L, SAMG Cortex-M4/M4F, 150 DMIPS, 128–2048 KB Flash e PIC32MX3/4 MIPS M4K, 131/150 DMIPS, 64–512 KB Flash ormanc PIC32MX5/6/7 rf MIPS M4K, 105 DMIPS, 64–512 KB Flash Pe SAM7, SAM3, AVR32 Baseline Legacy 32-bit PIC32MX1/2/5 (XLP) MIPS M4K, 116 DMIPS, 16–512 KB Flash SAMD, SAML, -
8051 Programmer
T51prog2 MCS51 series and Atmel AVR microcontrollers ISP capable fast programmer Short description: 10692 supported devices from 149 manufacturers by 2.75 version of SW (21. Dec. 2010) small, very fast and powerful portable programmer of MCS51 series and Atmel AVR microcontrollers in-circuit serial programming (ISP) capability included program also serial EEPROMs DIL40 ZIF socket, all MCS51/AVR chips in DIL package up to 40 pins are supported without adapters connection to PC: USB port USB 2.0 full speed and USB 1.1 compatible upgradeable to SmartProg2 programmer. comfortable and easy to use control program, work with all versions of MS Windows from Windows 98 to Window 7 64-bit free SW update, download from Internet power supply, cable and software included approved by CE laboratory to meet CE requirements made in Slovakia Available accessories: Programming Adapters (Socket Converters) Diagnostic POD for ISP connector upgrade kit Xprog2 to SmartProg2 Features GENERAL T51prog2 is the next member of new generation MS Windows (from Windows 98 to Window 7 64-bit) based ELNEC specialized programmers . Programmer is capable to support all currently available microcontrollers of the MCS51 series (up to 40 pins) and the AVR microcontrollers (8-40 pins) using parallel and serial algorithms. T51prog2 has been developed in close cooperation with Atmel W&M. , therefore programmer's hardware is focused to support all current and future microcontrollers of Atmel W&M MCS51 family. T51prog2 is a small, very fast and powerful portable programmer for MCS51 series and Atmel AVR microcontrollers. T51prog also programs serial EEPROM with IIC (24Cxx), Microwire (93Cxx) and SPI (25Cxx) interface types. -
8-Bit Microcontrollers 32-Bit Microcontrollers and Application
8-bit Microcontrollers 32-bit Microcontrollers and Application Processors QUICK REFE R ENCE GUIDE February 2009 Everywhere You Are® AVR Introduction Atmel® offers both 8-bit and 32-bit AVR®s. AVR microcontrollers and application processors deliver unmatched flexibility. AVR combines the most code-efficient architecture for C and assembly programming with the ability to tune system parameters throughout the entire life cycle of your key products. Not only do you get to market faster, but once there, you can easily and cost-effectively refine and improve your product offering. The AVR XMEGA gives you 16-bit performance and leading low-power features at 8-bit price. It’s simple: AVR works across the entire range of applications you’re working on... or want to work on. & Introduction QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE AVR Key Benefits AVR32 Key Benefits High performance High CPU performance picoPower™ technology Low power consumption High code density High data throughput High integration and scalability Low system cost Complete tool offering High reliability Atmel’s AVR is addressing the 8-bit and 16-bit market Easy to use Environment Friendly Packages For AVR and AVR32 microcontrollers and application processors, all the lead free packages are RoHS compliant, lead free, halide free and fully green. All parts are offered in fully green packaging only. Product Range Atmel microcontrollers - success through innovation Atmel offers both 8-bit and 32-bit AVR’s, and since day one the AVR philosophy has always been clear: Highest performance with no power penalty. tinyAVR 1-16 KBytes Flash, 8-32 pin packages megaAVR 4-256 KBytes Flash, 28-100 pin packages AVR XMEGA 16-384 KBytes Flash, 44-100 pin packages AVR32 UC3 16-512 KBytes Flash, 48-144 pin packages AVR32 AP7 Up to 32 KBytes On-chip SRAM, 196-256 pin packages & QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Product Range Product Product Range Range Product Families tinyAVR® General purpose microcontrollers with up to 16K Bytes Flash program memory, 512 Bytes SRAM and EEPROM. -
Tesis De Microcontroladores.Pdf
UNIVERSIDAD DE EL SALVADOR FACULTAD MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DE OCCIDENTE DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA Y ARQUITECTURA. TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN DENOMINADO: “DISEÑO DE GUÍAS DE TRABAJO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE EQUIPO DIDÁCTICO PARA LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO CON MICRO CONTROLADORES EN LA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS INFORMÁTICOS DE LA FACULTAD MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DE OCCIDENTE.” PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE: INGENIERO DE SISTEMA INFORMÁTICOS PRESENTAN: FRANCIA ESCOBAR, ROBERTO ANTONIO GARCÍA, JUAN CARLOS UMAÑA ORDOÑEZ, JORGE ARTURO DOCENTE DIRECTOR ING. JOSE FRANCISCO ANDALUZ NOVIEMBRE, 2007. SANTA ANA EL SALVADOR CENTRO AMÉRICA UNIVERSIDAD DE EL SALVADOR RECTOR MÁSTER RUFINO ANTONIO QUEZADA SÁNCHEZ VICERRECTOR ACADÉMICO MÁSTER MIGUEL ÁNGEL PÉREZ RAMOS VICE RECTOR ADMINISTRATIVO MÁSTER ÓSCAR NOÉ NAVARRETE SECRETARIO GENERAL LICENCIADO DOUGLAS VLADIMIR ALFARO CHÁVEZ FACULTAD MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DE OCCIDENTE DECANO LIC. JORGE MAURICIO RIVERA VICE DECANO LIC. ELADIO ZACARÍAS ORTEZ SECRETARIO LIC. VÍCTOR HUGO MERINO QUEZADA JEFE DE DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA ING. RENÉ ERNESTO MARTÍNEZ BERMÚDEZ AGRADECIMIENTOS A DIOS TODOPODEROSO Por permitir que llegara hasta el final de la carrera, por no dejarme solo en este camino y siempre levantarme cuando necesite de su apoyo y fuerza para continuar adelante. A MI MADRE ÁNGELA VICTORIA ESCOBAR DE FRANCIA Por su apoyo, paciencia y ser un pilar en mi vida; sin la cual no hubiese podido culminar la carrera., le dedico este triunfo con las palabras con las que siempre me ha dado confianza y fuerza de seguir adelante “se triunfa cuando se persevera”. A MI PADRE JOSÉ ANTONIO FRANCIA ESCOBAR Que su ejemplo formo en mi la idea de siempre mirar más adelante, seguir luchando y creer que siempre es posible superarse cada día más; gracias por su inmenso apoyo desde todos los puntos de mi carrera y mi vida, como padre, docente, asesor y amigo. -
2 XII December 2014
2 XII December 2014 www.ijraset.com Volume 2 Issue XII, December 2014 ISSN: 2321-9653 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) Overview and Comparative Study of Different Microcontrollers Rajratna Khadse1, Nitin Gawai2, Bagwan M. Faruk3 1Assist.Professor, Electronics Engineering Department, RCOEM, Nagpur 2,3Assist.Professor, E & Tc Engineering Department, JDIET, Yavatmal Abstract—A microcontroller is a small and low-cost computer built for the purpose of dealing with specific tasks, such as displaying information on seven segment display at railway platform or receiving information from a television’s remote control. Microcontrollers are mainly used in products that require a degree of control to be exerted by the user. Today various types of microcontrollers are available in market with different word lengths such as 8bit, 16bit, 32bit, and microcontrollers. Microcontroller is a compressed microcomputer manufactured to control the functions of embedded systems in office machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles, and a number of other gadgets. Therefore in today’s technological world lot of things done with the help of Microcontroller. Depending upon the applications we have to choose particular types of Microcontroller. The aim of this paper to give the basic information of microcontroller and comparative study of 8051 Microcontroller, ARM Microcontroller, PIC Microcontroller and AVR Microcontroller Keywords— Microcontroller, Memory, Instruction, cycle, bit, architecture I. INTRODUCTION Microcontrollers have directly or indirectly impact on our daily life. Usually, But their presence is unnoticed at most of the places like: At supermarkets in Cash Registers, Weighing Scales, Video games ,security system , etc. At home in Ovens, Washing Machines, Alarm Clocks, paging, VCR, LASER Printers, color printers etc. -
An Overview of Atmega AVR Microcontrollers Used in Scientific Research and Industrial Applications
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka, R. 19, Nr 1/2015, 15–20, DOI: 10.14313/PAR_215/15 An Overview of ATmega AVR Microcontrollers Used in Scientific Research and Industrial Applications Wojciech Kunikowski, Ernest Czerwiński, Paweł Olejnik, Jan Awrejcewicz Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90–924 Łódź, 1/15 Stefanowski str. Abstract: Nowadays, microcontrollers are commonly used in many fields of industrial applications previously dominated by other devices. Their strengths such as: processing power, low cost, and small sizes enable them to become substitutes for industrial PLC controllers, analog electronic circuits, and many more. In first part of this article an overview of the Atmel AVR microprocessor family can be found, alongside with many scientific and industrial applications. Second part of this article contains a detailed description of two implementations of ATmega644PA microprocessor. First one is a controller with PID regulation that supports a DC motor driver. Second one is a differential equation solver with 4-th order Runge-Kutta method implemented. It is used for solving a torsion pendulum dynamics. Finally, some general conclusions regarding the two presented implementations are made. Keywords: Atmel, AVR, ATmega, microcontroller, torsion pendulum, PID control, DC motor, PWM control 1. Introduction the performance and compact dimensions of control units are the most important requirements. The described micropro- 1.1. Overview of some Atmel microcontrollers cessor characterizes also with very low power consumption. AVR ATmega is a family of 8-bit microprocessors from Atmel. It is the only processor in AVR family that works with 0.7 V Their features vary across models, but mostly, the following power supply. -
Single-Board Microcontrollers
Embedded Systems Design (0630414) Lecture 15 Single-Board Microcontrollers Prof. Kasim M. Al-Aubidy Philadelphia University Single-Board Microcontrollers: • There is a wide variety of single-board microcontrollers available from different manufacturers and suppliers of microcontrollers. • The most common microcontroller boards are: – Intel Boards: based on Intel microcontrollers. – ARM Boards: based on ARM7 microcontrollers. – Cortex Boards: based on Cortex microcontrollers. – AVR Boards: based on Atmel AVR microcontrollers. – MSP430 Boards: based on Texas Instruments microcontrollers. – PIC Boards: based on the Microchip PIC microcontrollers. – Motorola Boards: based on Motorola microcontrollers. – ARDUNIO Boards: based on Atmel AVR microcontrollers. •It is not easy to decide on which microcontroller to use in a certain application. However, Arduino is becoming one of the most popular microcontrollers used in industrial applications and robotics. •There are different types of Arduino microcontrollers which differ in their design and specifications. The following table shows comparison between the Arduino microcontrollers. Ref: http://www.robotshop.com/arduino-microcontroller-comparison.html The Arduino Uno board: Hardware design of the Arduino Uno board: Single-Board Microcontroller + ZigBee Example: Mobile Robot control using Zigbee Technology Single-Board Microcontroller Selection: The selection guide for using the suitable microcontroller includes: 1. Meeting the hardware needs for the project design; - number of digital and analog i/o lines. - size of flash memory, RAM, and EPROM. - power consumption. - clock speed. - communication with other devices. 2. Availability of software development tools required to design and test the proposed prototype. 3. Availability of the microcontroller.. -
Development of Research Platform for Unmanned Vehicle Controller Design
Development of Research Platform for Unmanned Vehicle Controller Design, Evaluation, and Implementation System: From MATLAB to Hardware Based Embedded System by Daniel Ernst A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: Kimon Valavanis, Ph.D. Miguel Labrador, Ph.D. Wilfrido Moreno, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 14, 2007 Keywords: Unmanned systems, SIMULINK, microcontroller, autopilot, automation © Copyright 2007, Daniel Ernst Dedication To my loving family and friends who have all offered constant support. Acknowledgments A special thanks to everyone in the USF robotics lab and of course, my major professor Kimon Valavanis, who made writing this thesis possible and provided continuous support. Also, to Jeff Craighead, who built aircraft models in the X-Plane simulation that allowed testing of controllers. This thesis was also supported in part by an ONR Grant N00014-04-10-487; a U.S. Navy Coastal Systems Station (now called NSWC-Panama City) Grant N61331-04- 8-1707; and a U.S. DOT through the USF CUTR Grant 2117-1054-02. Table of Contents List of Tables iii List of Figures iv Abstract vi Chapter 1 Motivation 1 1.1 Problem Statement 1 1.2 Proposed Solution 2 1.3 Summary of Contributions 4 1.4 Thesis Outline 5 Chapter 2 The Design Process 6 2.1 MATLAB/SIMULINK to C Conversion 8 2.2 Customizations 8 2.3 Device Selection and Building 10 Chapter 3 Assembly -
PIC Microcontrollers - Programming in C Table of Contents
Book: PIC Microcontrollers - Programming in C Table of Contents . Chapter 1: World of Microcontrollers . 1.1 Introduction . 1.2 NUMBERS, NUMBERS, NUMBERS... 1.3 MUST KNOW DETAILS . 1.4 PIC MICROCONTROLLERS . Chapter 2: Programming Microcontrollers . 2.1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES . 2.2 THE BASICS OF C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE . 2.3 COMPILER MIKROC PRO FOR PIC . Chapter 3: PIC16F887 Microcontroller . 3.1 THE PIC16F887 BASIC FEATURES . 3.2 CORE SFRS . 3.3 INPUT/OUTPUT PORTS . 3.4 TIMER TMR0 . 3.5 TIMER TMR1 . 3.6 TIMER TMR2 . 3.7 CCP MODULES . 3.8 SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULES . 3.9 ANALOG MODULES . 3.10 CLOCK OSCILLATOR . 3.11 EEPROM MEMORY . 3.12 RESET! BLACK-OUT, BROWN-OUT OR NOISES? . Chapter 4: Examples . 4.1 BASIC CONNECTING . 4.2 ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS . 4.3 EXAMPLE 1 - Writing header, configuring I/O pins, using delay function and switch operator . 4.4 EXAMPLE 2 - Using assembly instructions and internal oscillator LFINTOSC... 4.5 EXAMPLE 3 - TMR0 as a counter, declaring new variables, enumerated constants, using relay ... 4.6 EXAMPLE 4 - Using timers TMR0, TMR1 and TMR2. Using interrupts, declaring new function... 4.7 EXAMPLE 5 - Using watch-dog timer . 4.8 EXAMPLE 6 - Module CCP1 as PWM signal generator . 4.9 EXAMPLE 7 - Using A/D converter . 4.10 EXAMPLE 8 - Using EEPROM Memory . 4.11 EXAMPLE 9 - Two-digit LED counter, multiplexing . 4.12 EXAMPLE 10 - Using LCD display . 4.13 EXAMPLE 11 - RS232 serial communication . 4.14 EXAMPLE 12 - Temperature measurement using DS1820 sensor. Use of 1-wire protocol... 4.15 EXAMPLE 13 - Sound generation, sound library..