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The Legacy of Deccani Sultanates to Chhatrapati Shivaji, Golden Research Thoughts Vol-3, Issue-6 (Dec 2013): Online & Print

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The Legacy of Deccani Sultanates to Chhatrapati Shivaji, Golden Research Thoughts Vol-3, Issue-6 (Dec 2013): Online & Print Vol 4 Issue 6 Dec 2013 ISSN No :2231-5063 InternationaORIGINALl M ARTICLEultidisciplinary Research Journal Golden Research Thoughts Chief Editor Dr.Tukaram Narayan Shinde Associate Editor Publisher Dr.Rajani Dalvi Mrs.Laxmi Ashok Yakkaldevi Honorary Mr.Ashok Yakkaldevi Welcome to GRT RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2231-5063 Golden Research Thoughts Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Regional Editor Dr. T. Manichander International Advisory Board Kamani Perera Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature Lanka University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Janaki Sinnasamy Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Librarian, University of Malaya Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Romania Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Xiaohua Yang DBS College, Kanpur PhD, USA George - Calin SERITAN Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political ......More University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil N.S. Dhaygude Head Geology Department Solapur Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur R. R. Yalikar University,Solapur Director Managment Institute, Solapur Narendra Kadu Rama Bhosale Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune Umesh Rajderkar Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Head Humanities & Social Science Panvel K. M. Bhandarkar YCMOU,Nashik Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Salve R. N. S. R. Pandya Department of Sociology, Shivaji Sonal Singh Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, University,Kolhapur Vikram University, Ujjain Mumbai Govind P. Shinde G. P. Patankar Alka Darshan Shrivastava Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Education Center, Navi Mumbai Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Rahul Shriram Sudke Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Director,Hyderabad AP India. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune S.Parvathi Devi S.KANNAN Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Annamalai University,TN Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.) Sonal Singh, Satish Kumar Kalhotra Vikram University, Ujjain Maulana Azad National Urdu University Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.oldgrt.lbp.world Golden Research Thoughts Available online at www.aygrt.isrj.net Volume-3, Issue-6, Dec-2013 ISSN 2231-5063 The Legacy Of Deccani Sultanates To GRT Chhatrapati Shivaji Kiran Sampatrao Jadhav Assistant Professor in History, Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science College Akole, Dist.Ahmednagar, Abstract: After the dissolution of Bahamani sultanate, five sultanates sprang up at the end of fifteenth century in the Deccan. These sultanate ruled Deccan around 200 years. About the middle of the seventeenth century, Maratha political power under Shivaji revived in the Deccan. Various social, political, geographical causes with the extraordinary military genius of Shivaji were responsible for this phenomenon. But predominantly the Maratha kingdom was established on the land of Adil Shah and Nizam Shah. Therefore an attempt is made here to understand the legacy of these Deccani sultanates to Chhatrapati Shivaji. Key words: Bahamani sultanate ,Nizam Shahi Sultanate ,policy of religious tolerance and freedom . INTRODUCTION: capturing the fort in Jamadi I, 1019/October 1610 he Surendranath Sen argues that, “Shivaji was not the organized his military system, recruited new soldiers, and creator of a new system. He modified and reformed what he trained them in the guirilla tactics of fighting. In the had inherited from his Hindu and Muhamedan predecessors. interregnum between the recall of Khan-i-khanan to the Every administrative system has its roots in the past and the 1 north & his return to the Deccan again in 1021/1612 he Maratha system was by no means an exception.” Shivaji’s introduced the revenue reform on the basis of Todar Mals’s real greatness lay in his character and practical ability. He system with minor changes to suit the local conditions.” 3 was ready to accept good and applicable things from the This was the best system and later on Shivaji also adopts it predecessors. “Ferishta tells us how difficult the Bahamani with some changes. “About 1636 A.D. Dadaji Konddeo, kings found it to tackle the mountain chiefs of Maharashtra. introduced a system of revenue settlement which was They had again won fresh laurels under the celebrated Malik admittedly borrowed from that of Malik Ambar. Shivaji also Ambar, when the Mughal forces of the great Akbar had to adhered to the revenue system of Malik Ambar”4 Land beat an ignominious retreat before them. Shivaji therefore 2 revenue settlements was one of the reason of Shivaji being found the material for an efficient army readymade”. admired by his subjects The purpose of this paper is therefore to discuss the legacy of Adil Shahi and Nizam Shahi sultanate to Shivaji 1.2 Effective Guerilla Warfare or ‘Bargigiri’ and analyze how this legacy helpful to Shivaji in the Malik Amber saved Nizam Shahi from Mughals establishment of Maratha kingdom. with the help of guerilla warfare. It is also revealing that the Mughal term for 1.Legacy of Nizam Shahi Sultanate guerrilla warfare, bargi-giri, referred to units of Marathas- The legacy of Nizam Shahi sultanate is that of indigenous Marathi-speaking warriors-who were trained by Malik Ambar. Malik Ambar was the man who definitely the state and paid directly out of the state’s central treasury. credited for that rich and valuable legacy left to the Light and swift, Maratha cavalrymen in Malik Ambar’s subsequent Maratha builders of Swarajya, Shahaji and service wielded deadly effect on the Mughals’ cumbersome Shivaji, in the form of sound revenue system, effective armies; on occasion they pursued Mughal troopers clear up guerilla warfare to keep at bay even a mighty, formidable and to their regional headquarters at Burhanpur.” 5 Under Malik determined power, enlightened policy of religious tolerance Ambar the Maratha’s in large number able to learn this and freedom in order to enlist the sympathy and support of technique. Shahaji and Shivahi also used this kind of followers of other religious creeds and sects and lastly, kept warfare. the torch of freedom in the Deccan. “These two Maratha leaders also learned from Malik Ambar the lesson of how two wage war against a rival 1.1 Land Revenue System powerful state. He was the predecessor of Shivaji in actively Malik Ambar is respectfully remembered for and successfully prosecuting the guerilla warfare. Under having surveyed much of the rural western Deccan and for Malik Ambar, the Marathas, known as Bargirs, received placing the region’s revenue administration on a firm and just training and attained skill in this mode of warfare, which was basis. “After subjugating the environs of Ahmednagar and Kiran Sampatrao Jadhav, The Legacy Of Deccani Sultanates To Chhatrapati Shivaji, Golden Research Thoughts Vol-3, Issue-6 (Dec 2013): Online & Print 1 The Legacy Of Deccani Sultanates To Chhatrapati Shivaji Impact Factor : 1.9508(UIF) occasionally followed by Shahaji and Shivaji had learnt from accounts, formerly kept in Persian, were now written in Malik Ambar.” 6 Hindvy, under the management of bramins, who soon Shivaji utilized bargi-giri for establishment as well acquired great influence in his government.” 11 Thus Adil as survival of the swaraj. Shah utilizes Hindu caliber to strengthen the state. “Basic features of Bijapur’s administrative system 1.3 Religious Tolerance had been the direct linkages between the sultan and the Religious tolerance must be the essential virtue of desais, unmediated by any jagirdars or bureaucrats. The the great rulers. Malik Ambar himself followed this policy sultan provided the desai with political legitimacy by very well, and inspired Marathas to follow it. “Malik Ambar identifying him as the court’s representative among the seems to have imparted by his example to the Marathas the people of his pargana.”12 Such a desai later on proves helpful wisdom of the policy of religious toleration. One can be a to Shivaji. zealous devotee of one’s own religion, give encouragement As Hiroshi Fukazawa clear, “The Muslim rulers of to it and the institutions upholding its cause and yet tolerate the Deccan, on finding the prototype of the hereditary the persuit of another religious by others without injuring officers, adopted them, and defined their functions and fixed their feelings, and
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