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Intertidal Scale Worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae) from the Northern Coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

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Intertidal Scale Worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae) from the Northern Coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysIntertidal 31: 53–71 (2009) scale worms from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman 53 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.31.127 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Intertidal scale worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae) from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Alieh Bonyadi Naeini, Hassan Rahimian Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O.Box 14155–6455 Corresponding authors: Alieh Bonyadi Naeini ([email protected]), Hassan Rahimian (rahimian@ khayam.ut.ac.ir) Academic editors: E. Neubert, S. Taiti | Received 8 March 2009 | Accepted 7 August 2009 | Published 28 December 2009 Citation: Bonyadi A, Rahimian H (2009) Intertidal scale worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae) from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. In: Neubert E, Amr Z, Taiti S, Gümüs B (Eds) Animal Biodi- versity in the Middle East. Proceedings of the First Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan, 20–23 October 2008. ZooKeys 31: 53–71. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.31.127 Abstract Sampling of Polychaeta has been performed in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman during December 2006 to October 2007. So far, 10 species belonging to six genera from two families have been identifi ed. Seven species from the family Polynoidae (Lepidonotus natalensis, L. purpureus, Parahalosydnopsis arabica, Harmothoe hirsuta, H. liaoi, Paralepidonotus ampulliferous) and one species from the family Sigalionidae (Sthenelais boa) are new records for the Gulf of Oman. Th ormora jukesii and H. marerubrum (Polynoidae) are new records for the Persian Gulf. Lepidonotus tenuisetosus could be recorded for both gulfs. Th e most diverse genera in the area are Lepidonotus and Harmothoe with each of them represented by three species. Th e most common species was Lepidonotus tenuisetosus, which was collected from 25 locations. Th e highest diversity of polychaetes species could be observed in rocky habitats containing stones covered with algae. Keywords Aphroditoidea, new records, habitats, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman Introduction Scale worms form one of the major taxa within the Polychaeta. However, the knowl- edge on their biodiversity in the two gulfs remained fragmentary so far. For this reason an expedition from December 2006 to October 2007 to the northern coasts of the Per- Copyright A Bonyadi, H Rahimian. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 54 Alieh Bonyadi Naeini & Hassan Rahimian / ZooKeys 31: 53–71 (2009) sian Gulf and Gulf of Oman was conducted with a particular focus on the collection of scale worms. During this campaign, 34 stations on the intertidal zone with diff erent physical characteristics could be visited. Currently, 34 species confi ned to fi ve of the six currently accepted families of scale worms (Acoetidae Kinberg 1858, Aphroditidae Kinberg 1856, Eulepethidae Chamberlin 1919, Pholoidae Kinberg 1857, Polynoidae Kinberg 1856 and Sigalionidae Kinberg 1856) have been reported for the Persian Gulf. Most of them originated from the south-western parts of the Persian Gulf, and the Gulf of Oman (Wesenberg-Lund 1949; Wehe and Fiege 2002; Wehe 2006, 2007). Th e family Eulepethidae has not been recorded for the area so far. In the present study we report on 10 species belonging to six genera from the families Polynoidae and Sigalionidae. Nine species represent new records, seven for the Gulf of Oman and two for the Persian Gulf. Material and methods Th e 34 collecting sites in the intertidal zone were selected according to diff ering habitat conditions in order to also sample more specialized taxa. Th e major features addressed were rocky shores, stony, sandy and muddy beaches. Th ey were distributed along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman from the Imam Khomeini jetty in the northwest to Guatr in the southeast (Fig. 1). Additional samples were taken in the intertidal zone of two islands, Qeshm and Hengam, which are located in the Strait of Hormuz (Fig. 2). Details on the collecting sites are presented in Table 1. Collected specimens were relaxed using 8% MgCl2, and fi xed in 5% formalin diluted in seawater for 24h. Th en, the specimens were washed with tap water and N 48° 50° 52° 54° 56° 58° 60° 62° 31° 20 30° 21 19 30° 18 17 29° 16 Qeshm and Hengam islands 15 13 28° Persian Gulf14 12 7 11 8 27° 9 10 6 5 26° 4 3 1 2 25° Gulf of Oman 24° 70 mi 48° 62° Figure 1. Collecting sites along the mainland coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Intertidal scale worms from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman 55 transferred to 70% ethyl alcohol for permanent storage. Th e specimens were studied under the stereo microscope. Parapodia and elytra were detached, mounted in glycerin and studied under a compound microscope. Drawings were made using a camera lu- cida. Identifi cation followed the identifi cation keys supplied by Wehe (2006, 2007). All specimens reported here are deposited in the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran (ZUTC). Measurements are given in millimeter (mm) including a minimum- maximum (mean) order. Measurement of the width of animals includes parapodia and chaetae. Th e number of examined specimens per species is indicated by “n”. Systematic Account Family Polynoidae Subfamily Lepidonotinae Willey, 1902 Lepidonotus Leach, 1816 Lepidonotus natalensis Day, 1951 Lepidonotus natalensis. — Wehe 2006, Fauna of Arabia 22: 101–103, fi g. 21a–j. Type locality: Port Edward, Natal, South Africa, Indian Ocean. Material examined: ZUTC ann.2040 Remarks: Th e only specimen examined here is broken in two parts; thus, no mea sur- ements of this specimen could be taken. However, the specimen is similar to those described by Wehe (2006) except for the position of the nephridial papillae, which Wehe observed to start from segment 7 onwards, while in our fragmented specimen they start from segment 8. 56° N 27° 27° 22 23 24 25 Persian Gulf Qeshm Island 33 29 28 32 27 26 34 Hengam Island 30 31 7 mi 56° Figure 2. Collecting sites on the Island of Qeshm and Hengam. 56 Alieh Bonyadi Naeini & Hassan Rahimian / ZooKeys 31: 53–71 (2009) Table 1. Table showing information about material examined, collection numbers, date and position of sampling and habitat locations. Species name Location Location Date Habitat Code Number name of (Location specimens number) Lepidonotus Jod (4) 25˚27΄.07 23/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 1 natalensis Day, N, stony ann.2040 1951 59˚30΄.80 E Lepidonotus Khor khalasi 25˚36΄ N 24/10/06 Mangrove ZUTC 2 purpureus Potts, (5) 58˚03΄ E ann.2044 1910 Lepidonotus Sondorf (6) 25˚41΄.53 N 18/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 1 tenuisetosus 57˚53΄.12 E stony ann.2002 Gravier, 1902 Kong jetty (9) 26˚34΄.85 N 15/02/07 Rocky- ZUTC 5 54˚55΄.60 E stony ann.2003 covered with algae Majidieh (20) 30˚28΄.47 N 28/09/07 Muddy ZUTC 7 49˚10΄.69 E covered ann.2004 with shelves Deilam jetty 30˚02΄.54 N 30/09/07 Sandy ZUTC 25 (19) 50˚08΄.51 E ann.2005 Imam 30˚28΄.47 N 28/0907 Muddy ZUTC 1 Khomeini 49˚04΄.12 E covered ann.2006 jetty (21) with shelves 7 km before ? 03/01/07 Rocky-coral ZUTC 2 Shib deraz ann.2007 from the Qeshm city (26) Charak jetty 26˚42΄.84 N 16/02/07 Rocky ZUTC 5 (11) 54˚09΄.36 E covered ann.2008 with algae Bujikdan (16) 28˚34΄.59 N 18/02/07 Sandy ZUTC 5 51˚04΄.37 E ann.2009 Chabahar (3) 25˚21΄.08 N 21/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 2 60˚35΄.94 E stony ann.2010 Jod (4) 25˚27΄.07 N 23/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 5 59˚30΄.80 E stony, sandy ann.2011 Oli (15) 27˚49΄.86 N 20/02/07 Rocky ZUTC 10 51˚54΄.06 E ann.2012 30 km after 26˚46΄.76 N 15/02/07 Rocky ZUTC 1 Mahtabi from 55˚15΄.19 E covered ann.2013 the Bandar with algae Abbas (8) Genave Jetty 29˚33΄.59 N 01/10/07 Sandy- ZUTC 36 (17) 50˚30΄.25 E Stony ann.2014 Jod (4) 25˚27΄.07 N 19/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 3 59˚30΄.80 E stony, sandy ann.2015 Intertidal scale worms from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman 57 Species name Location Location Date Habitat Code Number name of (Location specimens number) Moghdan (12) 27˚05΄.72 N 17/02/07 Rocky ZUTC 3 53˚05΄.61 E covered ann.2016 with algae Parak (13) 27˚38΄.87 N 18/02/07 Stony ZUTC 2 52˚25΄.30 E covered ann.2017 with algae Mianloo (14) 27˚46΄.22 N 18/02/07 Stony ZUTC 1 52˚07΄.77 E covered ann.2018 with algae Bing Village 29˚44΄.14 N 30/11/07 Rocky ZUTC 23 (18) 50˚19΄.29 E ann.2019 Bostane (10) 26˚30΄.13 N 16/02/07 Sandy- ZUTC 2 54˚38΄.58 E rocky, stony ann.2020 Qeshm Island 26˚41΄.50 N 27/11/07 ? ZUTC 2 (27) 55˚57΄.28 E ann.2021 Qeshm Island 26˚34΄.20 N 16/12/07 Stony ZUTC 8 (31) 55˚23΄.55 E ann.2215 Qeshm Island 26˚55΄.33 N 15/12/07 Stony-coral ZUTC 27 (25) 56˚13΄.49 E ann.2042 Qeshm Island 26˚39΄.24 N 16/12/07 Coral and ZUTC 1 (32) 55˚15΄.53 E muddy ann.2224 Qeshm Island 26˚35΄.39 N 16/12/07 Stony ZUTC 4 (30) 55˚29΄.56 E ann.2232 Qeshm Island 26˚56΄.90 N 14/12/07 Stony ZUTC 4 (24) 56˚16΄.33 E ann.2235 Qeshm Island 26˚44΄.20 N 14/12/07 Sandy with ZUTC 1 (29) 55˚52΄.48 E shells ann.2245 Parahalo- Chabahar (3) 25˚21΄.08 N 21/04/07 Rocky- ZUTC 1 sydnopsis arabica 60˚35΄.94 E stony ann.2038 Wehe, 2006 Th ormora Hengam 26˚24΄.01 N 04/01/07 Coral ZUTC 6 jukesii Baird, Island (34) 55˚30΄.00 E ann.2039 1865 Qeshm Island 26˚55΄.33 N 15/12/07 Stony-coral ZUTC 1 (25) 56˚13΄.49 E ann.2230 Qeshm Island 26˚56΄.90 N 14/12/07 Stony ZUTC 2 (24) 56˚16΄.33 E ann.2234 Harmothoe Qeshm Island
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