DOCSLIB.ORG

Deliverable F.4 Social Vulnerability Model Results And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deliverable F.4 Social Vulnerability Model Results And Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria ITERATE Deliverable F.4 Social vulnerability model results and map ECHO/SUB/2016/740181/PREV23 – ITERATE – Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria Project co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Author IUSS Pavia Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh Andres Abarca Ricardo Monteiro Mario Martina Date December 2018 Review FEUP Smail Kechidi Jose Miguel Castro Date April 2018 ECHO/SUB/2016/740181/PREV23 – ITERATE – Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria Project co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 2 2.1. Social Vulnerability Index................................................................................................................ 2 2.2. SCORECARD Approach ...................................................................................................................... 2 2.3. Hybrid Approach: Composite Social Vulnerability Index ....................................................... 2 3. ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1. Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) ................................................................................................... 3 3.1.1. Population.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.2. Education ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.3. Economy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.4. Health ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.5. Infrastructure........................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.6. Habitat ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.7. Governance and Institutional Capacity ...................................................................................................... 6 3.1.8. Summary of SoVI Analysis................................................................................................................................. 6 3.2. SCORECARD-Based Assessment ..................................................................................................... 7 4. Average vulnerability score .................................................................................................... 11 5. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................ 14 6. Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 14 ECHO/SUB/2016/740181/PREV23 – ITERATE – Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria Project co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection 1. INTRODUCTION The overall seismic risk of a population depends on three factors: hazard, exposure of assets and communities and vulnerability: physical and social. Hazard and exposure are harder to act upon, but vulnerability can be significantly reduced if properly characterized. On the other hand, the social effects are usually largelly ignored when performing seismic risk assesment, mainly because of the difficulty to quantify the human dimensions within a hazard zone and the scarcity of readility available census data. Quantification of the human dimension (through census data) within a hazard zone aids decision-makers and the exposed society itself to cope with the results of a disastrous event. Social vulnerability assessment is the evaluation of the differential impacts that several communities may present under similar levels of hazard, based on the conditions of each community’s social fabric, which includes pre-existing socioeconomic characteristics related to the capacity of groups to prepare for, respond to, and recover from damaging events (Burton & Silva, 2016). In order to quantify these effects objectivelly, a methodology has been defined in Deliverable F.2, merging concepts from two previously defined techniches, which is based on the construction of a composite index using a comparative analysis of census based data (Deliverable F.1) and results from participatory engagement with the population through the use of a questionnaire at the province administrative level as well as utilizing the feedback from the Reslience Performance Scorecard Method (Burton, Khazai, Anhorn, & Contreras, 2017), detailed in Deliverable F.3. The current report presents the computation of the composite social vulnerability index and assigning an average vulnerability score for the geographic level under assessment by reverting to the chosen indicators and the results of the questionnaire data. The computation of a comparative resilience of a group due to socio-economic parameters is conducted, with the identification of conditions that make people or places vulnerable to extreme natural events. Figure 1: Integration of potential hazards, exposures and societal resilience for seismic risk assessment 1 ECHO/SUB/2016/740181/PREV23 – ITERATE – Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria Project co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. Social Vulnerability Index A set of socio-economic independent variables are chosen and sub-categorized into groups. Variables are collected from census data at the desired geographical level. Furthermore, the indicators are normalized and processed using factor analysis to determine the significance of each in its corresponding group, measured in the form of constants or factor loadings.The sum-product of each variable for every desired geographical level times the determined factor loading within a group is termed the factor score (Cutter, Mitchell & Scott, 2000). Every social dimension is quantified by these factor scores (sub-indexes), placed in an additive model to produce the composite social vulnerability index score (SoVI) (Cutter, Boruff & Shirley, 2003). SoVI is a relative metric, that generates scores dependent on the overall geographic scale of reference and boundary level chosen for the analysis. 2.2. SCORECARD Approach The Resilience Performance Scorecard Methodology RPS is a multi-level, multi-scale evaluation tool (Burton, Khazai, Anhorn & Contreras 2017). RPS empowers stakeholders to assess earthquake risk and resilience parameters based on qualitative information. RPS engages the exposed group or communities leading to an increase of awareness and identification of key gaps at the community and institutional level within the boundary level. Target surveys are designed accordingly to address the reality of the society under evaluation and applied to both community members and local administration or institutional decision-makers in the risk management field. Key areas addressed: social capacity, awareness and advocacy, legal and institutional arrangements, planning and regulation, critical infrastructure and services and emergency preparedness and response. 2.3. Hybrid Approach: Composite Social Vulnerability Index In the case of ITERATE, none of the two methodologies alone was considered ideal to accurately assess the social vulnerability of the Algerian Population. SoVI approach requires census information not entirely available whereas RPS approach does not provide a measure of risk that can be directly integrated with the physical risk. A hybrid methodology was thus adopted combining both methodologies with the readily available census data and collected information from the questionnaires. The dimensions of the RPS were scored and treated as a sub-category to the SoVI framework, thus obtaining a composite vulnerability index. The methodology for incorporating the population’s feedback to the SCORECARD approach with the available census data is summarized in Figure 2 below. 2 ECHO/SUB/2016/740181/PREV23 – ITERATE – Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria Project co-funded by ECHO – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Figure 2: Schematic representation of Social Vulnerability Assessment Methodology adopted for ITERATE 3. ASSESSMENT 3.1. Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) The census-based indicators for the province of Blida used for the computation of the index form a set of 33 variables grouped into 7 main groups: Population, Education, Economy, Health, Infrastructure, Habitat, Governance and Institutional Capacity. Raw census data was collected, standardized and processed accordingly and transformed into a comparable scale by employing the MIN-MAX normalization (0 being the least socially vulnerable and 1 being the most vulnerable).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Citrus Farming in Algeria: Farmers’ Behavior Towards Research and Extension Agenda
    African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(15), pp. 1993-2001, 4 August, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Citrus farming in Algeria: Farmers’ behavior towards research and extension agenda Khaled Laoubi1*, Melkhir Boudi2 and Masahiro Yamao1 1Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. 2University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria. Accepted 22 April, 2010 The objective of this paper was to assess the behavior of Algerian citrus farmers with respect to agricultural research under the current extension and research system. Surveys were conducted at technical institute, extension service, and among 75 randomly selected stratified citrus farmers using closed structured questionnaires in 5 selected municipalities in the Blida province. The results of farm- level data analysis showed that identical management and farming practices in citrus farms resulted in variable production. The difference in production was found to be mainly due to the variety of citrus types planted. This fact, in addition to the socio-economic farmers’ constraints, suggests that the techniques adopted were non-profitable and highlights the failure of extension activities. At extension level, the socio-economic condition of the agents made them unable to fulfill their extension role. In addition, the agents’ lack of experience, training and specialization, financial resources and demonstration plots, hindered the implementation of the extension programs. Furthermore, the agents have no relationships with technical institutes or with agricultural research results. Work and experiments in the experimental stations of technical institutes that led to innovative results were not promoted. As consequences, farmers and sellers of agricultural products are still the primary sources of agricultural information.
    [Show full text]
  • Algerian Regime to the Test
    HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Paris – April 2013 Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria 112, rue de Charenton 75012 Paris – France Telephone: + 33 (0)1 43 44 87 82 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 43 44 87 82 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.algerie-disparus.org HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Bibliographical information Title: Human Rights Put Algerian Regime to the Test – The illusion of change Author: Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria Publication: Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria Date of the publication: April 2013 Pages: 148 ISBN: 978-2-7466-6386-2 Photos: CFDA, Rachel Corner, El Watan Weekend, Hassen Ferhani, Toufik Hachi, Omar D, Reuters, SOS Disappeared Translation into English and Arabic: Bélaid Hamici / [email protected] Graphic Design: Benjamin Lerasle / [email protected] Reproduction: The Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria authorises the free distribution of extracts of this publication on the condition that it will be properly cited. Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Report 2011-2013 4 Human Rights Put Algerian Regime to the Test - The illusion of change Methodology: Members of the Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria (CFDA) and activists working closely with the CFDA initially came together to form an editorial group. Several meetings were then held in the CFDA office in Paris to select topics to discuss and reflect on the methodology to be followed in preparation for this report.
    [Show full text]
  • « Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Eco-Development »
    University of Sciences & Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers- Algeria Faculty of Biological Sciences Laboratory of Dynamic & Biodiversity « Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Eco-development » 03-05 NOVEMBER, 2017 - TAMANRASSET - ALGERIA Publisher : Publications Direction. Chlef University (Algeria) ii COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright © 2020 by the Laboratory of Dynamic & Biodiversity (USTHB, Algiers, Algeria). Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than Laboratory of Dynamic & Biodiversity must be honored. Patrons University of Sciences and Technologies Faculty of Biological Sciences Houari Boumedienne of Algiers, Algeria Sponsors Supporting Publisher Edition Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef (Algeria) “Revue Nature et Technologie” NATEC iii COMMITTEES Organizing committee: ❖ President: Pr. Abdeslem ARAB (Houari Boumedienne University of Sciences and Tehnology USTHB, Algiers ❖ Honorary president: Pr. Mohamed SAIDI (Rector of USTHB) Advisors: ❖ Badis BAKOUCHE (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Amine CHAFAI (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Amina BELAIFA BOUAMRA (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Ilham Yasmine ARAB (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Ahlem RAYANE (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Ghiles SMAOUNE (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Hanane BOUMERDASSI (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) Scientific advisory committee ❖ Pr. ABI AYAD S.M.A. (Univ. Oran- Algeria) ❖ Pr. ABI SAID M. (Univ. Beirut- Lebanon) ❖ Pr. ADIB S. (Univ. Lattakia- Syria) ❖ Pr. CHAKALI G. (ENSSA, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Pr. CHOUIKHI A. (INOC, Izmir- Turkey) ❖ Pr. HACENE H. (USTHB, Algiers- Algeria) ❖ Pr. HEDAYATI S.A. (Univ. Gorgan- Iran) ❖ Pr. KARA M.H. (Univ. Annaba- Algeria) ❖ Pr.
    [Show full text]
  • Boufarik PDF TÉLÉCHARGER
    Boufarik PDF TÉLÉCHARGER TÉLÉCHARGER LIRE ENGLISH VERSION DOWNLOAD READ Boufarik PDF TÉLÉCHARGER Description Adrar · Aflou · Aïn el Beïda · Aïn Fakroun · Aïn Guezzam · Aïn MLila · Aïn Oulmene · Aïn Oussera · Aïn Sefra · Aïn Temouchent · Aïn Touta · Akbou · Alger · Annaba 1 août 2016 . Automne 1935. Naissance d'Orangina à Boufarik. Nous sommes dans les années vingt. L'Algérie se couvre d'orangeraies. Et c'est en. Boufarik, Algérie. 12°C · Cartes · Satellite · Cartes des prévisions météorologiques. Boufarik, Algérie . Boufarik, Algérie. 12° RealFeel® 12°. Définitions de Boufarik, synonymes, antonymes, dérivés de Boufarik, dictionnaire analogique de Boufarik (français) Remise Archives de l'INA à l'Algérie : Le monument de Boufarik rappelant le Miracle de la Mitidja c'est comme remettre aux talibans le film de la destruction du. L'origine du mot Boufarik : Selon certaines interprétations le mot Boufarik signifie : «Ab Al_fariq » avec l'utilisation du français « al ghaf » a été transformé en. Consultez la fiche d'entreprise DIRECTION DES IMPÔTS DE BOUFARIK (INSPECTION) Impôts, trésor public Blida sur votre annuaire Professionnel en Algerie. 13 juil. 2017 . C'est la débandade au service des urgences de l'hôpital de Boufarik. Un seul médecin urgentiste pour une population de plus de 120 000. Renee TRUFFAUT (FUENTES). CREUZIER LE VIEUX. 1947 à 2008. Christiane PONCET (SELLES). BEAUCAIRE. 1956 à 2010. Abderrezak AKSIL. PARIS. 27 Feb 2013 - 1 minA Boufarik, dans la plaine de la Mitidja, obsèques des victimes du FLN. Rencontre des femmes de la ville Boufarik sur Jecontacte.com qui est un site de rencontres en ligne 100% gratuit pour trouver des femmes de la ville Boufarik.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue Paper ALGERIA POLITICAL and HUMAN RIGHTS UPDATE November 1996
    Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Page 1 of 32 Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Issue Paper ALGERIA POLITICAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS UPDATE November 1996 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents MAP GLOSSARY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 3. MAIN ARMED ISLAMIST GROUPS 3.1 Islamic Salvation Army (AIS) 3.2 Armed Islamic Group (GIA) 3.2.1 Internal Rivalries 3.3 Relationships Among Islamist Groups 3.3.1 FIS-AIS 3.3.2 FIS-GIA 3.3.3 AIS-GIA http://www2.irb -cisr.gc.ca/en/research/publications/index_e.htm?docid=115&cid=0& ... 28.05.2009 Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Page 2 of 32 4. INCIDENTS OF ISLAMIST VIOLENCE 4.1 Car Bombings 4.2 Attacks Against Educational Institutions 5. GROUPS AT RISK OF ARMED ISLAMIST ATTACKS 5.1 Security Forces Personnel and Their Families 5.2 Media Personnel 5.3 Government Officials 5.4 Foreigners 5.5 Women 5.6 Other Groups at Risk 6. STATE RESPONSE 6.1 Counter -militant Operations 6.2 Curfew 6.3 Legal Sanctions 6.3.1 Amnesty Law and Clemency 6.4 Military Service 6.5 Communal Guards and Self -Defence Groups 6.6 Human Rights Violations by Security Forces 6.7 Limitations on Freedom of Expression 7.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 STORY NAME: Oued El Khayrat (Green Sands) COPYRIGHT HOLDER: Bilal BRAHMIA, Open Media HUB COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Bilal BRAHMIA
    STORY NAME: Oued el khayrat (Green Sands) COPYRIGHT HOLDER: Bilal BRAHMIA, Open Media HUB COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Bilal BRAHMIA, Open Media HUB USAGE TERMS: EDITOR’S NOTES: None SOURCE: Dzair News Channel , http://dzairnewstv.com/ Open Media Hub – http://www.openmediahub.com “This production was supported by OPEN Media Hub with funds provided by the European Union” LANGUAGE: Arabic , English DURATION: 00:26:10 JOURNALIST: Bilal Brahmia EMAIL: [email protected] SLUGLINE: Agricultural challenges in the Algerian Oued Province HEADLINE: The documentary covers the successful agricultural story of Oued farmers who managed to defeat both the harsh nature and lack of financial support in order to bring the best of Oued desert as a role model Algerian province as producer of fresh vegetables and fruits. DATELINE: Ourmess, Oued Souf, Algeria – 01/06/2018 SCRIPT: 00:20:00-Al Assad Mdjidi : Farmer from Ourmess town -I have inherited this valley from my forefathers. It was inherited From my grandparents to my father then from my father to me. However back in 1976-1978 my father used to work on this valley by just using a traditional wicker basket that he lifts on his back. You see those green spaces! yes, these green spaces. Look these palms are the first that I have planted in this valley, they were six. -It is well known for its dates -True, the quality of the dates is well-known here, everyone praises the dates of Ourmess. However, unfortunately, nowadays investing in the field of agriculture is not that much fruitful, thus the production of dates is decreasing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Algeria in 2009
    2009 Minerals Yearbook ALGERIA U.S. Department of the Interior September 2011 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALGERIA By Mowafa Taib In 2009, the North African country of Algeria was a Minier (ANGCM) [National Agency of Geology and Mining significant producer and exporter of mineral fuels. Algeria Control] were created by Mining law No. 01-10 of July 3, 2001. was the sixth ranked producer of natural gas in the world and ANPM was responsible for awarding mining licenses. In accounted for 2.7% of the world’s natural gas output and 2.0% 2009, ANPM awarded 115 permits, including 105 exploration of the world’s crude oil output. The country held 4.5 trillion permits and 10 exploitation permits, which was a decrease of cubic meters of natural gas reserves, which was 2.4% of 31% compared with the 166 permits granted in 2008. A total of the world’s total reserves, and 12.2 billion barrels of crude 1,093 mining permits were awarded in the period 2000-09 and oil reserves, which accounted for 0.9% of the world’s total generated more than $95 million of revenue for the treasury. reserves. Algeria was the second ranked crude oil producer in ANPM maintained a database for all mining companies in Africa after Nigeria and the 15th in the world in terms of the the country and began issuing a new periodical newsletter, volume of its crude oil production. Algeria produced iron and La Lettre de L’ANPM, in 2009, which provided information on steel; precious metals, such as gold and silver; and industrial Algeria’s mineral resources and on ANPM’s activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights on a Rare Species, Geum Atlanticum, New Data to Differentiate from Geum Sylvaticum Pedro Sánchez-Gómez1 , José Luis Cánovas1 & Juan F
    ARTICLES Mediterranean Botany ISSNe 2603-9109 https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.68011 Insights on a rare species, Geum atlanticum, new data to differentiate from Geum sylvaticum Pedro Sánchez-Gómez1 , José Luis Cánovas1 & Juan F. Jiménez2 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 / Published online: 12 April 2021 Abstract. Geum atlanticum is a species described from North Africa and later found in Southern Iberian Peninsula. However, according to Flora iberica taxonomic treatment, it has been considered synonymous with G. sylvaticum, a species mainly distributed by Southeast of France, Iberian Peninsula, and North of Africa, sharing part of the distribution range and habitat. In this work, herbarium specimens of both G. atlanticum and G. sylvaticum were revised to evaluate morphological differences. Furthermore, the nuclear ribosomal ITS spacer was sequenced to study phylogenetic relationships among G. atlanticum and Iberian Geum species. The morphological study indicated clear differences with G. sylvaticum, and the phylogenetic analysis suggests that G. atlanticum was sister to G. sylvaticum. However, it shared several mutations with other Iberian Geum species. The number of populations is relatively low in the Iberian Peninsula, so its conservation status and its further inclusion in lists of threatened plants have been evaluated in this work. Keywords: Conservation; Ibero African species; Rosaceae; taxonomy; western Mediterranean plants. How to cite: Sánchez-Gómez, P., Cánovas, J.L. & Jiménez, J.F. 2021. Insights on a rare species, Geum atlanticum, new data to differentiate from Geum sylvaticum. Mediterr. Bot. 42, e68011. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.68011 Introduction However, as a result of our botanical explorations made in the Southeast Iberian Peninsula (mainly in Albacete Geum is a world-wide distributed genus belonging to family province), we detected several populations of deviant G.
    [Show full text]
  • Translating Proper Nouns Between Arabic and English: Names Of
    Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of Letters and English Language Dissertation: Academic Master Field: English Language and Letters Specialty: Translation and Translation Studies (English ↔Arabic) Prepared by: Afaf KADRI & Sarra HARBOUCHE Title: Translating Proper NounsTitle: between Arabic and English: Names of Countries and Towns Case Study: Towns and Villages of Algeria Publically defended On: 08 /06/2020 Before the Jury: Chairman: Dr. Ahmed BELARBI UKM-Ouargla- Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Djamel GOUI UKM-Ouargla- Examiner: Dr. Mohammed KOUDDED UKM-Ouargla- Academic Year: 2019/2020 Translating names of countries and towns I Translating Proper Nouns between Arabic and English: Names of Countries and Towns, Case Study: Towns and villages of Algeria Afaf KADRI, Sara HARBOUCHE Kasdi Merbah of Ouargla Translating names of countries and towns II Dedication To myself To my lovely Parents To my supportive sisters and brothers -Safia Kamar, Aicha Hind, Ali Yacine, Sofian, and Maisoun - To all my great teachers and instructors of English and Arabic To all my friends and colleagues Including Sara Harbouche, Ikram Ataoua, Khawla Medjouja, Aouatef Benyahia, Wissam Sellami, Naima Mnassria, and Mabrouka Karima Ouaggad To my country, Algeria To my Islamic nation To all translators and interpreters - Afaf KADRI – Translating names of countries and towns III Dedication I dedicate this modest work to: The most kind and generous persons, the persons who lived with me my educational career step by step. To my dear parents. My lovely sisters Assia and Khadidja and my supportive brothers Sohaib, Bilal, Ahmed and the horrid little boy Imad. All my family members. All my friends and colleagues especially my dear Afaf Kadri and my best friends Mouna, Samira and Adel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Algeria in 2016
    2016 Minerals Yearbook ALGERIA [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior October 2019 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Algeria By Mowafa Taib In 2016, Algeria supplied the world with such mineral surface and underground mine tenure, ensures that disputes commodities as ammonia, crude petroleum, helium, can be appealed to international arbitrators, gives incentives methanol, natural gas, phosphate rock, refined petroleum for importing equipment for mining operations, and provides products, and urea. The country was the world’s third-ranked custom-tariff exemptions and rebates on mineral extraction producer of helium after the United States and Qatar and royalties. The law no longer gives priority to state-owned held 8.2 billion cubic meters of helium resources, including companies over private companies in issuing mining permits, 1.8 billion cubic meters of proven reserves. The country was which was previously the case under ordinance No. 07–02 an important consumer of steel; it was the world’s ninth- of March 1, 2007. Environmental laws applicable to the ranked net importer of steel (World Steel Association, 2017b, mineral industry include law No. 03–10 of July 19, 2003, and p. 27; Hamak, 2018). associated decrees and law No. 05–12 of September 4, 2005. In 2016, Algeria was the world’s ninth-ranked producer of The Government continued its golden share policy, which was natural gas, accounting for 2.6% of world output and 2.4% of initiated in 2010, concerning foreign investment in the country. total proven reserves. The country was also the second-ranked The policy gives the Government majority ownership (that is, supplier of natural gas to Europe after Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Participation in the Elaboration of Urban Planning Tools in Algeria
    Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning J o u r n a l h o m e p a g e: http://jssp.reviste.ubbcluj.ro Popular Participation in the Elaboration of Urban Planning Tools in Algeria. The Case of Blida State Karim IKHLEFHOUM *1, Mahfoud ZIANE 1 * Corresponding author 1 University of Science and Technology, Houari-Boumédiène (FSTGAT-USTHB), Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Spatial Planning, Laboratory of Cities, Region, and Territorial Governance (LVRGT), Algiers, ALGERIA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] DOI: 10.24193/JSSP.2019.1.01 https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2019.1.01 K e y w o r d s: urban planning, planning tools, popular participation, urbanization, urban issues, Algeria A B S T R A C T This paper aims to evaluate popular participation in the preparation of urban planning tools in Algeria by highlighting methods, levels and means of implementation. A study has been conducted in the most important municipalities of the State of Blida: Larbaâ, Bouguerra, El Afroun and Guerouaoua during the years of 2016-2017. Algeria has used popular participation in the preparation of urban planning tools since 1990. However, it remains symbolic. We put forward some hypotheses that reflect different factors of symbolic participation, as follows: popular participation is linked to the legal framework that regulates urban planning, the efficiency of urban planning in Algeria is related to the degree of urban awareness of Algerian citizens, and at last but not at least, the power of popular participation is rooted in and is directly related to the factor of trust between local authorities and the citizen.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Greener Cities in Africa
    FIRST STATUS REPORT ON URBAN AND PERI-URBAN HORTICULTURE IN AFRICA GROWING GREENER CITIES IN AFRICA FIRST STATUS REPORT ON URBAN AND PERI-URBAN HORTICULTURE IN AFRICA Growing greener cities in Africa Foreword 3 Presentation 5 Overview 13 Country profiles 33 Credits 4 Bibliography 95 Abbreviations 111 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material in maps does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107286-8 All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees.
    [Show full text]