Volume-9 Number-2 July - December 2015 . Prime University Journal Prime University i Centre for Research, HRD and Publications Prime University 2A/1, North East of Darussalam Road Section-1 Mirpur, Dhaka-1216 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected] Published and copyright protected by: Prime University Price: BDT 250.00, US$ 5.00 ii . Prime University Journal Volume-9, Number-2, July - December: 2015 iii Editorial Board Patron Md. Towhidur Rahman Chairman, Board of Trustees Editors M. Abdus Sobhan Editor Mohammad Arshad Ali Managing Editor Members Manohar Pawar Charles Sturt University, Australia Md. Shahinoor Rahman Islamic University, Bangladesh Cassie Landers Columbia University, USA Durgadas Bhattacharjee Dhaka University, Bangladesh Gareth Davey Monash University, Malaysia Mir Shahabuddin Prime University, Bangladesh M. Abul Hossain Sikder Prime University, Bangladesh Khurshida Begum Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh M. A. Jalil Eastern University, Bangladesh Sarkar Ali Akkas Jagannath University, Bangladesh iv . Editorial Note The Prime University Journal (PUJ) is an International Journal published biannually. This is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal with the prime objective to promote inquiry on education, research and development. PUJ is committed to inspire the emerging scholars and academicians globally to disseminate their professional knowledge, innovative ideas and research in the fields of life, literature, culture, business, arts, social science, law, technology, and science and engineering and allied disciplines. The PUJ aims to bridge the research community in humanities, social science and technology developers from academia and industry through submitting/publishing their research-based papers, articles, case studies, reviews on various topics of current concerns in different disciplines, and book review on a single platform. The PUJ has an international editorial board consisting of scholars of different disciplines of the eastern and western origins that facilitates the mitigation of cross-cultural issues over the globe. The current volume of PUJ contains eight research papers on different disciplines in addition to one book review. The first paper is a study on white collar crimes in Bangladesh trying to find out the causes for the growth of this crime which is perpetrated by the people of the upper socio-economic class, ruling elite and affluent segment of different groups. They amass vast wealth through corruption, manipulation and abuse of power causing severe detriment to national economy so much so that Transparency International identified Bangladesh as the most corrupted country in the world for five consecutive years. The second paper is an analysis of Marxist parameters present among the dominated people in Frantz Kufka’s Metamorphosis and other literary works. It investigates the roles of various individuals such as Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis to prompt working class people to be self-conscious rather than to be oppressed and subjugated under the upper class people. The paper reflects the classless construct of humankind by showing how working class people achieve honors for their toil and moil. v The third paper deals with the local and global concern of terrorism. The author tried to find the causes of terrorism and its impacts and remedies in Bangladesh and abroad. While doing so, it delineated the nature of terrorism, its forms and criminological aspects, its internationalization and objectives thereof. In paper four, the author tries to find out the reasons behind poor listening skill among the ESL learners at tertiary level in different non-government universities. It makes some suggestions to improve the listening skill to develop students’ proficiency in listening. The fifth article deals with the heinous crime of child kidnapping lured by the intention of grabbing ransom in Bangladesh and the resultant infringement on the rights of the children to free movement. The paper concludes with recommendations such as increasing awareness among the people, etc. The sixth paper is an analysis of the financial position of six top ranking companies sampled from pharmaceutical industry for three years, 2011, 2012, and 2013 to determine its position according to the findings. The authors used four vital ratios: liquidity, activity, solvency or leverage and profitability analyses with reference to annual reports of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). Based on the analysis they determined the comparative positions of the chosen firms on the merit of their financial strength. The seventh paper deals with the HIV/AIDS disease with special reference to the knowledge level of the private University students in Bangladesh. Despite its current low prevalence in our country, HIV/AIDS is increasingly becoming a major threat for the development of Bangladesh since it tends to be injurious to economic growth, educational institutions, governance, and social stability etc. The eighth paper is on designing an effective radio spectrum management framework. The regulation of frequency spectrum creates an artificial scarcity of radio spectrum. The major drawback of universal spectrum is irreversibility following spectrum assignment, overcrowding, and inadequate quality of service. These limitations can be resolved with the development of technology like spectrum traffic-load countervailing iterative algorithm. A model of benefits and costs is defined by the vi . authors for spectrum management following an effective design framework. The review on the famous work ‘From Two Economies to Two Nations - My Journey to Bangladesh’ by the celebrated economist Rehman Sobhan is an interesting study. The book reviewer’s contribution contains appreciative estimation of all the five parts of the seminal work: i) Two Economies, ii) The Democratic Struggle for Self-Rule, iii) Two Nations, iv) A Vision for Bangladesh and v) The Idea of Bangladesh. Out of 37 issues including more prominent ones like disparity, political crises, East Pakistan’s revolt against Ayub Khan, coming to terms with Six Points, negotiating for Bangladesh, from non-cooperation to people-raj, power to the people, towards socialism, economic basis for Bengali nationalism, Bangabandhu and the emergence of an independent Bangladesh. The contributions dates back from 1961 and extend up to December 1971 when he was campaigning for the liberation war. Prof. Sobhan’s articles, published in different newspapers/journals, prepared us for a silent revolution which culminated in launching of Six Points program. The review unfailingly points out, “Whatever Professor Rahman wrote, he wrote with a purpose – to contribute to a wider struggle” of liberation of the country. M. Abdus Sobhan Editor vii Contents Growth of White Collar Crimes in Bangladesh and Its Contributing Factors: A Critical Analysis 9 Kudrat-E-Khuda (Babu) Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis: A Representative of Alienation and Self-consciousness: A Marxist Perspective 35 Md. Abdul Awal Terrorism and Its Causes, Impact and Remedy: Bangladesh and International Perspective 51 Md. Ahsan Kabir A Study on Poor Listening Skills at Tertiary Level ESL Learners in Private Universities of Bangladesh 61 Prova Ummay Afzalean Child Kidnapping with the Intention of Demanding Ransom: A Study in Bangladesh Perspective 77 Md. Mostafijur Rahman Financial Position Comparison among Pharmaceutical Companies: The Case of Bangladesh 97 Md. Reazul Kabir Afroza Shirin Knowledge and Awareness about HIV/AIDS among the Students of a Private University 123 Khurshida Pervin Dispensation of Radio Spectrum Management Policies Following an Effectively Designed Framework 133 M. U. Kabir M. A. Sobhan Book Review: 153 From Two Economies to Two Nations- My Journey to Bangladesh by Rehman Sobhan, pp. 292, Daily Star Books, 64-65, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, 2015, Price Tk. 500 viii Growth of White Collar Crimes in Bangladesh and Its Contributing Factors: A Critical Analysis 1 Kudrat-E-Khuda (Babu) Abstract : Although members of the upper social strata are believed to have uncorrupted social activities, it has become known that certain professions offer lucrative opportunities for criminal acts, known as White Collar Crimes, in which these persons have been involved. The advancement of commerce and technology has made white collar criminality a global phenomenon. Bangladesh has followed other developing countries in an equal grip of white collar criminality. The fast development in economy and industrial growth in recent decades has increased white collar crimes in the present day. Transparency International (TI) has identified Bangladesh as the most corrupt country in the world for five consecutive years. People of the upper socio- economic class, ruling elites and people of different groups are committing white collar crimes. They are making large amounts of money through corruption, manipulation and the abuse of power, causing severe detriment to national economy. Keywords: White Collar Crime, corruption, crore, Transparency International, political parties. Introduction It is common knowledge that certain professions offer lucrative opportunities for criminal acts and unethical persons in business, various professions and even in public life. They tend to become unscrupulous because of their neglect at school, home and other social institutions where people get training for citizenship and character building. These deviants have scant regard for honesty and other ethical values. Therefore they carry on their