Vol. 9, No. 2 & 3, July-October 2014

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay The Seer And Uncrowned King of

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SCHOLASTIK WORLD

HIGHLIGHTS CONTENTS

Page No.

Editorial 2 A Tribute to T.P. Ghose Letters 3 05 A Tribute To T. P. Ghose 5 Art - Maqbool Fida Husain 12 Cover Story - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay 13 Quiz 17 Management Skill - Leadership 18 Cover Story - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Genius 21 Did you know 22 13 Great Minds 23 History - Old Ethnic Names For Cities And Free And Independent Countries 24

Wonders of the world - Wonders of the world - Sydney Opera House Australia Sydney Opera House Australia 25 In The News 26 25 Invention - Spectacles or Eyeglasses 27 Health - How to maintain vital organs of the body and keep good health 28 In the news - fopkjkRed vkys[k & deZ 29 The Magic Tree Law - Citizenship 31 26 Classic - The Necklace 33 Language - An Articulation of Mind & Thoughts 37 Laugh 39 Bio-Art : Hkkjr jRu & dkejkt Developing Art Through Bio-Science 40 43 vius [kkus dks tkusa & eueksgd VekVj 42 Hkkjr jRu & dkejkt 43 Section of Educational Psychology 49 dfork % xhrk & thou /keZ 51 Regular Features : Laugh, Great minds, Genius, Quiz. Picture Perfect 52

All published material in SCHOLASTIK WORLD are the personal views of the authors. The Editorial Board and Publishers will not be held COVER responsible on that count. BANKIM CHANDRA CHATTOPADHYAY

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SCHOLASTIK WORLD EDITORIAL Let noble thoughts come to us from every side. PRESIDENT - Rig-Veda Bailey Bodhanwala 3000 B.C. (EST)

EDITOR IN CHIEF FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK K. M. Prasad On May 3rd this year we lost our mentor and guide, CONSULTING EDITOR Mr. T. P. Ghose who was the Chief Consulting Editor of Goutam Shankar Scholastik World, without whose intellectual support and guidance it would not have been possible to conceive the idea of this EDITORIAL BOARD Magazine and launch it nine years ago, and bring out issue after Chandreswar Khan issue with articles and features, rich in standard, substance and S. N. Pandey quality. Rajesh Kr. Rai His eldest son has managed to piece the events of his life Ramanuj Singh together which we are printing as a tribute to him. We are also Dilip Kumar Mahato publishing an exclusive interview that Mr. Ghose gave twelve years C. V. Rao ago to a young school student for the latter's school project. The Biplab Ghosh interview gives us a glimpse of what he believed in and practiced. Sanju Rai Ajit Kumar Rai We thought this would be the best tribute that Scholastik World could pay to Mr. Ghose. A few recollections from those who came very close to him in the recent past are also being featured in this ARTWORK, DESIGN & LAYOUT issue. May his soul rest in peace! Dhananjay Kumar In this issue we have also featured the cover story on Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay which was a challenging task because a MARKETING ASSOCIATE noble life with a vast array of achievements can not be covered in Disdkgsgksdgk's the limited pages of any magazine. We have however, tried our best to bring the Rishi (as Bankim Chandra was referred to) closer to the MARKETING MANAGER present generation. Rameshwar Sahu We are happy to cover K. Kamraj in the Bharat Ratna Awardee series in the present issue. He was a freedom fighter and was considered to be a “kingmaker” in Indian politics during the 1960s. PRINTER He had an eventful life in Indian politics and will always be Ambedkar Institute of Management & Technology remembered for introducing free education and free mid-day meals to millions of students in Tamil Nadu during his chief minister-ship. From this issue we are beginning a new series called “The PRINTED AT Patneswari Enterprises Wonders of the world”. All the wonders are the work of human D.N. Das Lane, Near Ajay Bhawan, minds whose hands have fashioned excellent edifices for us to Bangali Akhara Road, marvel and rave about. In this issue we are featuring Sydney Opera Langertoli, Patna-800004, House of Australia. We hope you will enjoy it. Ph. : 9304167179 Our readers will certainly remember the picturesque Hay on Wye that we printed in our magazine a couple of years ago. In the PUBLISHERS present issue, “In The News” column , we have an update about why Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Educational & Cultural Trust it is in the news again. Please read on. Zone No. 1B, Sadhudera, Hurlung Road, We wish all our readers a happy Dussera and Deepawali. Birsanagar, P.O. & P.S. - Birsanagar, Jamshedpur-831004 Ph. : 0657-3290472, Telefax : 2442506 E-mail : [email protected] Editor-in-Chief

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RESPONSE LETTERS

The Editor, The Editor-in-Chief, Scholastik World, Scholastik World, Jamshedpur 831 001. New Baradwari, Jamshedpur 831 001.

Dear Sir, Dear Sir,

I first saw Scholastik World at our Institute I have been a regular subscriber to your where I am undergoing a professional course and magazine for the past few years. After I left was impressed with the quality of the periodical Jamshedpur and settled in Faridabad, your besides its contents. And I promptly became a Magazine has been working as the link for us subscriber to it. between the two places. Besides the regular features, it would have been nicer if it could carry The latest issue with the cover story on interesting information/ events from the past and/or C.Rajagopalachari has just reached me. The idea of the present about the steel city, and share interesting featuring great men of our country on the cover is a anecdotes concerning the people living here, in the novel one. It helps the younger generation like us to news section. know about our past and the heroes who shaped it. In the last issue I found the quality of paper and I have also enjoyed reading the articles on its printing not up-to-the mark which is perhaps due health which told us how to maintain a good health, to moisture which is a common phenomenon in and invention that told us about the beginning of rainy season. I hope this will be taken care of from postage stamps. the next issue. There is no other magazine that I know of which I understand SCHOLASTIK World is delivers such interesting articles and is published completing a decade's journey next year and I send my good wishes in advance for it to cover its bilingually. journey for many more decades with renewed zeal I wish your magazine all success. and enthusiasm. I take this opportunity to renew my subscription Yours sincerely for a period of five years and paying a sum of Rs. 500/- so that I keep receiving the magazine at Priya Dubey Faridabad for the next five years uninterruptedly. Unit 66, Vastu Vihar, Thanking you and with regards, Baliguma, NH 33, Jamshedpur Yours faithfully,

Anil Kumar Das H.No.-520, IInd Floor, Sector-216, Part-I, Faridabad-121001

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RESPONSE LETTERS

The Editor-in-Chief The Editor-in-Chief Scholastik World, Scholastik World Jamshedpur - 831001 New Baradwari Jamshedpur 831 001.

Dear Sir, Dear Sir,

I have been a subscriber of your magazine I have been subscribing to your magazine - Scholastik World for a long time and am happy to notice Scholastik World for over five years. I understand the improvement in its contents and quality over all these that the magazine will celebrate its first decade of years. The latest Anniversary Issue released in April 2014 publication next year and I send my good wishes for has just reached me which carried the cover story on the occasion in advance. C.Rajagopalachari. I read the article with interest and I have already transferred through IDBI Rs. wish to share some information which your readers may find interesting about Rajaji. 500.00 on 05.09.2014 to renew my subscription for Rajaji was the first Governor of West - a a period of five years as I do not wish to miss any constitutional position that he occupied from 15.8.1947 to 21.6.1948. During his governorship he delivered copy in future. several lectures as a statesman and each one them is However, I have noticed that the magazine is considered to be priceless. Besides the Bharat Ratna Award which is the highest not reaching me regularly. Incidentally, the April civilian honour given by the country, he also received in 2014 issue has not been received by me till writing 1958 the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award, for his of this letter. Please look into this irregularity and re-telling of Ramayana in Tamil prose as he was an accomplished writer both in Tamil ensure that future copies are delivered in time. as well as in English. I have pleasure in sharing with Thanking you, the readers of your magazine a rare photo of Rajaji unfurling the Yours faithfully, national flag on 15 August 1947 at Raj Bhawan, . I congratulate the entire team of Scholastik World for working Subrata Das Gupta relentlessly to bring out issue after Sneha Neer, 2nd Floor, issue of the magazine every quarter 73, Khelat Babu Lane, with such rich articles and features. South Face of Tala Tank, Thanking you, Kolkata - 700037 Yours faithfully,

Utpal Bera C/o. Shri Bijoy Krishna Bera Vill + P.O. Gujarpur, P.S. - Shyampur Dist - Howrah 711 314

P.S. : I have since shifted from Jamshedpur due to personal reason and will request you to send your magazine at the new address from the next issue onward.

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A TRIBUTE TO T. P. GHOSE A Man For All Seasons TPG as he was popularly known amongst his colleagues in J a m s h e d p u r . The Indian Tube Company (now a division of Tata Steel) T h e r e a f t e r h e and Ghose Sir as he was fondly called or referred to in the taught in several social and cultural circles of Jamshedpur, was born in a s c h o o l s a s a middle class family in an obscure village in the district of substitute teacher. Midnapur in West Bengal in 1926. He did his schooling at When there was no various places including Bankipur (Patna), substitution he Chakradharpur, Balasore, Cuttack and Jamshedpur started giving wherever his father as Post Master was posted. He private tuitions to completed his Matric from Birsingha Bhagwati Vidyalaya English Medium established by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a few students and came kilometers away from his village. in contact with During his stay in the village as a young boy in the pre- many influential independence period, he had set up a Library (Akabpur p e o p l e i n Pragati Sangha), an evening school for adult education and Jamshedpur. A instilled patriotism in the youth of the village and engaged dramatic turn of them in various social and cultural activities. At that young events brought age he was an inspiration to many in his village. One such him closer to Capt youth who later became a teacher and a writer - Alok B.Ghosh who was 1926 - 3 May 2014 Ranjan Pal reflected in his autobiography on how as a the Chief of Aviation in Tisco. An acquaintance of Capt small boy he was greatly influenced by the young Ghosh advised him to apply to The Indian Tube Company T.P. Ghose. Limited which was being promoted as a joint venture He was the eldest amongst four brothers and two between Tisco and Stewarts & Lloyds at that time. In this sisters. His parents wanted him to be a Doctor and so he new company he was the second employee to get a job (his was admitted into Calcutta Medical College but after one Personnel Number was 2). From the lowest rung of the year of study he left the college as he could not stand ladder he rose to become the Chief of Public Relations in dissection of animals such as frogs etc. He then joined the Company. He took voluntary retirement in 1982. While Ashutosh College in Calcutta to study Arts but this too he in service he came in contact with several dignitaries found boring and bade good bye to formal studies. from the Corporate to Defence to Academicia to the Film However, his learning never ceased. world such as Air Chief Marshall P.C. Lal, Russi Mody, During his stay in Calcutta he came across several General J.N. Chowdhury, Sambhu Saha Tagore's Official literary luminaries - amongst them were the poet couple Photographer, Mr. Dheer of Dheer Films (father of Actor Narendra Deb and Radha Rani Devi who took special care Pankaj Dheer), renowned photographer Ahmed Ali (father of him when he had stayed at their house in Hindustan of Nafeesa Ali) and J.R.D Tata to name a few. His career in Park. He tutored the poet couple's daughter Nabonita Deb the company had been a fruitful and rewarding one. Sen (The noble laureate Economist Amartya Sen's first After taking retirement he had set up his own PR wife). He helped Narendra Deb in the editing work of a Consultancy and since then he has been a freelance writer very popular magazine called Pathshala that was and faculty in several academic and professional institutes. published and edited by the latter. He was a guest speaker on Success Management for He returned to the village and joined a school as a Agents and Officials of LIC of India, Jamshedpur. He had teacher. He taught there for some months and became very been the P.R. & Communication Advisor for Tinplate popular within a short span of time. Thereafter, he joined Company of India Limited, Tata Yodogawa Ltd and Tata the Postal Department as a postal clerk but that too he quit Steel Rural, Social, Tribal and Community Services and after a few months. Meanwhile he got married. helped them to establish their own House Magazines. In search of an opening and for a brighter future he His talent was not limited to writing of essays and landed in Jamshedpur in 1952 and approached his school reports for newspapers and house magazines. He had also headmaster who was still employed in Pathuria School written a script for a documentary film - Punishment (which is presently the Jamshedpur Women's College.) He before Trial produced by renowned Social Activist, helped him with a job as a substitute teacher in a Tisco Jawahar Lal Sharma. He was equally at home with words school. That was the beginning of his career in and rhymes. He has written quite a few poems.

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For the last 10 years he was closely associated with Scholastik World - a magazine that was conceived by him and he was its Chief Consulting Editor when he passed away. He had a flare for writing and had an inimitable style that came naturally to him. With his passing away an era has ended. Before Scholastik World, he was associated with a few city based magazines like Kick & Punch (a monthly magazine on martial arts), Banga Barta (a fortnighly Bengali Nespaper) in an advisory capacity. He had a zest for life and a positive outlook towards everything. He had a good word for everything and everyone. An endearing personality that he was, he enjoyed the company of people of all ages. He had an encyclopedic and sharp memory. He loved to solve jumbles and puzzles every morning and he was very fond of gardening. In his flat at Dimna Road he had several potted plants that he nurtured and tendered lovingly. Rabindra Nath Tagore was the ultimate source of his inspiration and he could recite Tagore's poems impromptu. When in distress he took refuge in . He was a voracious reader, an ardent book lover and a regular visitor to the Jamshedpur Book Fair, where he frequently gifted/distributed books free of cost to people irrespective of whether they were known to him or unknown. For the past couple of years he was working on his pet project JAMSHEDPURKATHA a Bengali Magazine. He maintained good health throughout his life and believed in living in communion with Nature. He had the energy and enthusiasm of a young man and wisdom of an ancient sage. He practiced what he preached. Ghose Sir at work. In the true sense he was a self made man. Besides being a prolific writer, he was also a fantastic He died at 88 with his boots on. He had lost his wife 3 orator and had the capability to captivate the audience with years ago. He is survived by his three sons, their wives, his oratory. He was also a regular speaker on All India grand children and a grand daughter in law. Radio Jamshedpur and spoke on varied topics in Bengali and Hindi. He also spoke on several social and cultural AN INTERVIEW WITH T. P. GHOSE fora and had shared the dais with eminent public personalities such as filmmaker Mrinal Sen, R. R. (In 2002 a Std X student of Loyola School submitted to Venkataraman, former President of India, Dulal Munshi - his teacher, his project work that called for interviewing renowned social activist and former Union Leader of LIC a successful person. Little did the student know then that of India, Jawahar Lal Sharma - Human Rights Activist, the person he had interviewed was the father-in-law of Late S. K. Bhattacharya - President of Jamshedpur Chapter his teacher. The said interview has fortunately been of PUCL. preserved by the teacher, and we are pleased to print it as He was associated with many social and cultural a tribute to Mr. Ghose. The interview reveals the inner institutions. He successfully undertook the responsibility self of Mr. Ghose and the principles and philosophies of PUCL Jamshedpur Chapter as their Vice President and that he believed in and stood for. The name of the young had always supported and led crusades against social student who interviewed this endearing personality is injustice, inequality and oppression in the city. He was the Prakash Ranjan.) Editor and Publisher of Voice of Conscience - a magazine An interview with Mr. T.P. Ghose former Public Relations that he distributed free of cost. Chief of Indian Tube Company Limited (now a Division of He had contacts in all corners of the town and had an Tata Steel). Presently Public Relations Consultant and a enviable capacity of making friends. He was a master of well known figure in social and cultural circles of the Steel public relations and endeared himself to one and all. City.

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An Endearing Personality Q: Will you please elaborate a little more on this? With an Inspiring Life A: Look, as a young man I aspired for a decent job in a decent organization and a respectful life. I got that. I Success in Life joined as a very junior almost at the bottom rung of my career ladder but steadily grew to occupy a position in the “There are two worlds; a world of compromises, corporate level of management in a most reputed industrial composed of ordinary men, and the world of ardent house in the country. And then after retirement I set up my principles composed of extra-ordinary men.” own practice as a consultant. Such extra-ordinary men may be in dearth but not Q: Was it very smooth? Weren't there any failures? extinct. A: Listen, there is no success sans failures. Life is Among the many acquaintances of my father, I found never smooth sailing. One cannot be at the crest of the one such extra-ordinary person. He is an old gentleman of wave all the time. In my life too, I had my failures and 76 who is strikingly different from others. He is a shining moments of frustration. But “Our greatest glory is not example of utter devotion to duty, his family and society, a never falling but rising every time we fall”. I have always high sense of integrity that would brook no compromises recovered from such failures and bounced back. They are and a deep and unshaken faith in providence. He is a self just part of life. One must have confidence in oneself to made man. His knowledge in diverse fields is profound. He meet the challenges of life. Joys and sorrow are an integral is quite smart and young for his age and brisk in part of life. movements. He is a fantastic orator and a writer too. Q: What about your children? In my eyes he is a successful person and a man of A: I have three sons. They are all well settled in life and charisma, a living icon for the younger generation. He has doing fairly well. a warm heart and is always cheerful. I am an ardent admirer Q: Is that all you consider success? of him. I thought of interviewing him and approached him A: No, the social factor is yet another area which with a little hesitation if he would agree to such a request. equally matters. I believe one does not go very far in life But much to my delight he readily agreed and here is the unless he does something for the others, for the community full text of the conversation that followed between me and and the society. I have always taken an active interest in Mr. Ghose which lasted for more than an hour: many social and cultural activities. But without any fanfare Q: Sir in my eyes you are a successful person. Do you or publicity. I abhor self publicity. also think so? Q: What have you gained from social work or working A: Oh, yes I do. But mind you, I never have thought for social causes? that success is the be-all and end-all of life. It is something A: Satisfaction and joy - the joy of living. My dear that has no full stop. One moves on in life from one success young friend. In my own humble way I have always sought to another. As “incessant is the play of life”, I can only say. I to bring some cheer to someone needy. But let that be a have achieved some measure of success in my life. secret, let others discover them by accident. What is most Q: How can you measure your success? rewarding is that my social involvement has earned me A: A man's success must be judged by his sustained many friends whose affection and love I shall always pursuit of perfection or serenity and harmony and not what cherish. he vanquishes. And by the way, it is for others to measure. Q: What are the qualities in you that helped you to Look, the very reason you have chosen me as a subject is become what you are today? itself an indicator of my success, whatever that might be. A: (laughs). That, you should know. It is for others to Now if you ask me, I would tell you that whatever I have find out what qualities I have and also what are my achieved or accomplished can be measured by an drawbacks. But what I should say, it is hard work. My introspection, by a comparison between what I dreamt of capacity for hard work alone. It is through the sweat of my and aspired for and what all I have realized or brow that has led me to become what I am now. accomplished. Do they meet? Personally I think most of Q: What other qualities do you think you possess? my hopes and dreams have been fulfilled. Some, however A: I think I always keep my cool. Whatever be the remain unfulfilled. situation. I never get really upset. I believe every problem Q: Do you have any regret for all those unfulfilled we face in life has a solution. I have patience and dreams? perseverance. I know everything takes time and everything A: None at all. We should know that all we want may is achievable by your sustained pursuit of endeavour. not be realized. But as an optimist we should keep trying, Q: Are you content with your life? put in a little more extra effort. And I am hopeful of A: I would like to measure my life not only in material realizing some of them if not all, in the remaining years of gains but also of the pleasures of the mind, a well adjusted my life. family life and children, who, grown up now and are on

[7] SCHOLASTIK WORLD their own, still seem to think well of their parents. It is a we cannot achieve anything worthwhile and command comfort to find during the last decade or so of life, yourself respect unless we attach values to all that we pursue in our in reasonably good health with a mind not closed or life, profession and career and in our social endeavours. I calcified but still eager for new knowledge and at peace sincerely hope and I am confident indeed that the new with the world around…..what more could you ask for? generation will in due course bring about the much needed Q: I know you are a fantastic speaker. How did you change in the social attitude and outlook by their strength become one? of character, conviction and their patriotism and love for A: By practice, by listening to good speakers either on their fellow beings. television or hearing their recorded voices. This has (My advice to the youth like you) Be disciplined, set greatly enhanced my ability to speak. goals, develop courage and confidence to face life as it Q: What other qualities are required to be a good comes. Fight failures with renewed strength and effort. speaker? And how did you master them? Grow into humane and meaningful citizens making a A: To be a good speaker, one must be fairly success of your life and education. knowledgeable and also rich in vocabulary and this can be Me : Sir, I am most grateful to you for spending so done by reading books. When I read anything I read it most much time with me. Talking to you has been great. I am attentively and with a feeling and understanding what the enriched and indeed inspired. Thank you very much. author seeks to say. I memorise the lines I like in a book, Sir : I am equally happy to have spent my time sharing and the quotations of great men. Wherever I find them my thoughts with such a young mind. I thank you and wish suitable I quote them. This gives a deeper impact to my you every success in life. speech. I also come across many words while reading. I memorise them, their spelling and usage and use them as RECOLLECTIONS frequently as I can, so that, I get into a habit of using new words. An Octogenarian Youth Bids Good Bye! Q: What types of books do you read? A: I read almost all types of books on diverse subjects. In the early nineties, I came across a gentleman delivering But I prefer reading biographies and autobiographies of a motivational speech to a sales team of LICI. I was great men and women, who have left footprints on the absolutely spell bound to listen to his in-depth analysis and sands of time. This helps me to have a deeper knowledge on the subject “Sales and Marketing”. Since understanding of life, its meaning and know the great then I developed a special respect for him and closeness minds and how they encountered life. too. He was very affectionate towards me till the last day Q: Do you feel your age? we met. A retired PRO of the Tata Group, he often visited A: No my dear, never. Age has however taken its toll our office on different occasions. He had graced my unit leaving behind physical signs like loss of hair, grey hair, meetings as a chief guest and spoke suitably. He had a loss of physical strength, weak eye sight and so on. But charismatic power to attract people towards him and touch wood, I am physically fit, suffer no ailments of age, motivated them instantaneously. He had the zeal of a youth and mentally I am as young as you are! and wisdom of age. A very friendly man with multifarious Q: The secret? talents, he could read, write and speak in many languages. A: I do not really know. I tend to think that I keep He had been editor of many prestigious magazines that company with younger people who are so lively and so full included Tisco (Tube division) News, The Scholastic of zest and vigour, who have dreams, aspirations and hopes World and a few news papers of Jamshedpur spanning a and courage. I do not spend time with people having a couple of decades. I will always have regrets for my negative attitude to life, work and future. Another thing, I unfulfilled dream of bringing out a magazine under his do not worry much and don't suffer from tensions whatever editorship. An erudite but soft spoken gentleman who be the problem. always led a very strict disciplined life with high moral Q: What about the generation gap? values. I had the opportunity of having detailed A: I do not believe in the generation gap. I envy the discussions on various subjects and received interesting younger generation as they are much more knowledgeable information about the corporate world, world wars and than I was at their age. They are more exposed now. persons of international repute. He had the ability of Q: Now sir, what is your advice to me and the youth of interacting on any subject - be it literature, language, today? philosophy, politics, history or current affairs. He was well A: I would like to say, that in a section of the younger versed in every subject and substantiated his arguments generation, we are seeing a declining trend in social values with documented proofs. This amazing quality impressed and moral ethics. This is not a happy and a healthy sign. It me the most. To the younger generation like me he was an signals a social decay and national degradation. Mind you, inspiring personality and a role model to the senior citizens

[8] SCHOLASTIK WORLD of the society who consider life meaningless at their age. the 10th Anniversary of B.R. Ambedkar Educational & He was a self reliant man with a charming personality and a Cultural Trust a couple of hours earlier. gem of a person rarely found in the present day world. We His passing away is a great loss to the literary society fondly called him 'Ghose Sir' or 'Ghose Babu'. Sri Tirtha of Jamshedpur in general and Scholastik World in Pathik Ghose is no more with us in his physical form, but particular. he will remain in eternal form as a source of inspiration. I We will always miss him. salute his departed soul from the core of my heart. May his soul rest in peace! - Shashi Kant Pandey (Development Officer) - Surajit Chatterjee LIC of India, Br - 4, Jamshedpur, Development Officer, Hill View Colony LIC of India, Near MGM Medical College Jamshedpur Jamshedpur 831018 . _)katfy "Sir" Whom I will Always Miss vEcsMdj VªLV lykgdkj lfefr ds çeq[k lnL; ,oa LdksykfLVd oYMZ if=dk ds tUenkrk LoŒ Jh VhŒihŒ ?kks"k th I was closely associated with "Sir" from the inception ls gekjh igyh eqykdkr Jh lqjthr pVthZ] Hkkjrh; thou chek of SCHOLASTIK WORLD, and must confess that I have fuxe ds MsoyiesaV vkWfQl ds ,d fotusl ehfVax ds nkSjku learnt a lot from him during these ten years or so. gqbZA ml ehfVax esa esjk dqN loky VhŒihŒ ?kks"k th ds fny dks He was a reservoir of knowledge. His English was impeccable. Besides English, he had immense knowledge Nw x;k vkSj os gels feyus ds fy, esjk irk ekax fy,A blds of Bengali, Hindi and Sanskrit. ,d lIrkg ckn ,d fnu vpkud esjs ?kj vk,A eq>ls yEch Despite age differences between us he was very le; rd ckrsa fdA esjs lHkh dk;ks± ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ysrs jgs friendly not only with me but everyone who came in vkSj vpkud pk;] gYdk uk'rk ysus ds ckn ,d vko';d dk;Z contact with him. dks crkdj pys x;sA djhc nks ekg ckn fQj gekjh mudh He had a charming personality and pleasing manners eqykdkr ,y-vkbZ-lh- vkWfQl] ujHksjke fcfYMax] fc"Vqiqj esa gqbZA which were indeed his big assets. ml oDr mUgksaus dgk fd eSa vkils tqM+uk pkgrk gw¡ ysfdu Without him it may be difficult for us to maintain the vkidk vkWfQl fcjlkuxj chŒ,MŒ dkWyst ds ikl gS tgk¡ high standard that he set for this magazine. I will always miss him. tkuk esjs fy, lqyHk ugha gSA blfy, ;fn vki viuk dk;kZy; dgha Hkh VsEiks :V ij ys tkrs gSa rks ge vkils tqM+uk ilan - Dhananjay Kumar djsaxsA mudh bl ckrksa us eq>s dkQh lkspus ij foo'k fd;kA AIMT, Jamshedpur blds rRi'pkr eSaus viuk vkWfQl fcgkj LVsV dks&vkWijsfVo cSad ds Åij] xksyeqjh fl¶V fd;k vkSj eSaus Jh lqjthr pVthZ ds Mr. T.P Ghose tfj;s mUgsa [kcj Hkst fn;kA vkWfQl f'k¶V gksus ds 15 fnu ckn An Energetic & Dynamic Personality ?kks"k lj vk;s vkSj viuk çiksty nsdj dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ,d lIrkg ckn pk; ihrs oDr mUgksaus esjs vkWfQl esa dk;Z My association with Mr. Ghose began many years ago. djus dh ea'kk D;k gS tkfgj dhA muds eq¡g ls ,d 'kCn vk;k fd I have always known him as an energetic and dynamic personality. gekjh fnyh bPNk gS fd te'ksniqj ls ,d ,slk eSxthu fudys After his retirement from the Indian Tube Company tks iw.kZr% f'k{kkçn gksA lkFk gh izkjEHk tc Hkh gks :ds ughaA bl Ltd in 1982, he left the Tube Colony Bungalow and began ckr dks lqurs gh esjs cnu ds lkjs vax mÙksftr gks x,A esjs living with his family on Dimna Road in a house bought fnyks&fnekx esa ,d ØkfUr mRiUu gks xbZA dqN gh {k.kksa esa pk; then, which he later named "Greenhouse", he started his lekIr gksrs gh esjs fny us mudk tokc fn;kA eSa eSxftu own P.R. Consultancy and had been a guest speaker on fy[kuk ugha tkurkA ;g dSls laHko gSA esjh bPNk rks gS fd success management for LIC Agents and officials under vkids lksp dks eSa lkdkj d:¡] ysfdu dSls\ lj us dgk] eSa Jamshedpur Division. vdsyk bls fy[k ldrk gw¡A Nik ldrk gw¡A ysfdu ekdsZfVax Reading and gardening were his main hobbies. He djuk ,oa QaM tqVkuk esjs cl dh ckr ugha gSA blfy, eSaus always believed in living close to nature. He possessed an excellent health and always wore a cheerful countenance vkids fopkjksa ls lger gksdj ;g çiksty fn;k gw¡A eSa mlh {k.k on his face. Age could not deter him. I understand that on muls oknk fd;k blds fy, eq>s dqN Hkh djuk iM+sA eq>s fnu the evening of his death, he was conducting the meeting of jkr esgur D;ksa u djuk iM+s eSa vkids lius dks lkdkj d:¡xkA

[9] SCHOLASTIK WORLD vki viuk dk;Z dy ls çkjEHk dj nsaA ml le; lj ds psgjs ij rFkk ,d nwljs dks vius vuqHkoksa ls voxr djkrs jgsA ge eSaus ,d ,slh [kq'kh ns[kh ftldk o.kZu 'kk;n eSa 'kCnksa esa ugha dj ekuokf/kdkj ij Hkh ckrsa vdlj fd;k djrs FksA ikÅ¡xkA os mBs vkSj viuh txg ij tkdj vius dk;Z esa yx eSaus tc tsy esa gksusokyh vekuoh; fLFkfr ij ,d x;sA djhc N% ekg ds ckn SCHOLASTIK uke ls if=dk MkD;wesUVªh cukbZ rks fQYekadu ds ckn mls ltkdj fQYe cukus Nisxh bldk iath;u çfØ;k ds rgr uke dk vuqeksnu gqvkA rFkk vius mn~ns'; dks Li"V djus dh ckr vkbZ rks mlds fy, ysfdu bldk RNI No. ysus ds iwoZ blesa ,d O;o/kku vk x;k fLØIV dh t:jr iM+hA eSaus tc mUgsa ;g leL;k crkbZ rks fd vkius tks uke vuqeksfnr fd;k gS ml uke ls igys ls gh mUgksaus dgk fd os fLØIV Lo;a fy[kus dh {kerk j[krs gSa] D;ksafd fdlh dks fn;k x;k gSA blfy, vki viuk eSxftu dk uke V~;wc dEiuh esa ifCyd fjys'ku vkWfQlj jgus ds nkSjku mUgksaus cny nsaA rc geyksxksa us bldk uke SCHOLATIK WORLD V~;wc fMfotu ij cuh fQYe ds fLØIV ys[ku esa egRoiw.kZ j[kkA fof/kor~ :i ls igyk vad Tata XLRI Auditorium esa ;ksxnku fn;k FkkA mn~?kkVu fd;k x;k vkSj ml le; XLRI ds Chair Professor fQj rks esjh fQYe ^^ifu'kesUV fcQksj VªkW;y** fd fLØIV Jh thrw flag th us mn~?kkVu lekjksg esa cM+s tksj nsdj dgk fd ys[ku çfØ;k 'kq: gks xbZA fQYe vaxzsth esa Fkh vr% fLØIV eSxftu cgqr fudyrs gSa ysfdu ljokbo ugha djrsA ftldk vaxzsth esa fy[kuh FkhA geyksx djhc&djhc jkst fc"Vqiqj esa mÙkj ?kks"k lj dks 2015 esa mUgsa nsuk FkkA ysfdu blds iwoZ laLFkk ,yŒvkbZŒlhŒ fcfYMax ds uhps rYys esa vofLFkr dSaVhu esa ds gh ,d 10 o"khZ; lQj dk;ZØe dk lapkyu ds i'pkr~ lqcg&'kke cSBus yxsA dSUVhu dh gkyr ml le; vPNh ugha geyksxksa dks NksM+ x;sA ?kks"k lj gekjs fy, ,d vfHkHkkod dh Fkh] ij [kkuk vkSj uk'rk lLrk FkkA geyksx vDlj vkyw pki] rjg FksA mudh lksp] deZfu"Bk ,oa muds iz;klksa dks eSa D;k iwjk ckyw'kkgh] cwafn;k] pk; tSlh phtsa eaxokrs rFkk twBh rFkk xanh 'kgj dHkh Hkwyk ugha ik;sxkA mudh thou ,d deZHkwfe dh rjg Vscqy dh ijokg fd;s fcuk fLØIV fy[kus yx tkrsA eSa viuh vej gSA ,slk O;fDr geus vkt rd vius thou esa ugha ik;k gSA ;kstuk crkrk] vius Hkko o mn~ns'; crkrk] LFkku rFkk flDosUl os cjkcj gekjs vkn'kZ cus jgsaxsA D;ksafd muds dqN 'kCn vkt Hkh crkrk vkSj os fy[kus yx tkrsA bl çdkj /khjs&/khjs dbZ eghuksa Lej.kh; gS vkSj lnk jgsxkA mnkgj.kkFkZ tc dHkh esjk dke dh esgur ds ckn vkf[kj fLØIV QkbZuy gks ik;hA :dk rks mUgksaus eq>s çksRlkgu fn;k vkSj dgk fd dy dqN vPNk bl fLØIV dks uxj ds e'kgwj o ofj"B dykdkj 'kadj us gksus okyk gS blfy, vki ds dke esa ok/kk vk;k gSA blds vykos Loj fn;k rFkk fQYe iwjh gks xbZ vkSj ;g fQYe ^;w&V~;wc* esa muds ,d 'kCn ;knxkj gS fd os ges'kk dgrs Fks tks nwljksa dk ^^ifu'kesUV fcQksj VªkW;y** ds uke ls ekStwn gS rFkk Hkkjr esa cqjk ugha lksprk mldk dksbZ cqjk dj ugha ldrkA ?kks"k lj vkt cuusokyh 'kk;n fopkjk/khu dSfn;ksa ij cuus okyh dqNsd fQYeksa gekjs chp ugha gSa ysfdu mudh vekur vkt Hkh esjs lkFk gS vkSj esa 'kkfey gSA eSa mls ges'kk mudh gh vekur eku dj LdksykfLVd oYMZ ds VhŒ ihŒ ?kks"k lkfgR; ds eeZX; Fks rFkk okd~ dyk esa çdk'ku dks tkjh j[kdj esjs }kjk fn, x, okns dks lkdkj djrk fo'ks"kdj vaxzsth o caxyk esa mudks egkjr gkfly FkhA jfoUæ jgw¡xkA ;gh esjh reUuk gSA bPNk gSA mudh vkRek vej jgsA lkfgR; esa mUgsa fo'ks"k :fp FkhA muds ikl jfoUæukFk VSxksj ds muds dk;Z vejrqY; gksA bUgha 'kCnksa ds lkFk esjh lPph nqyZHk QksVksxzkQ ,oa nLrkost FksA ?kks"k ckcw i=ksa ,oa nLrkostksa J)katyh vfiZrA dh ikaMqfyfi j[kus ds çfr cgqr xaHkhj FksA mudh vyekjh esa o"kks± iqjkus egRoiw.kZ nLrkostksa] çsl dfVax] QksVks tSlh phtsa Hkjh & dsŒ ,eŒ çlkn jgrh Fkh rFkk os chp&chp esa yksxksa dks fn[kkdj vpafHkr o [kq'k lfpo] dj fn;k djrs FksA MkŒ chŒ vkjŒ vEcsMdj 'kS{kf.kd ,oa lkaLÑfrd laLFkku] ,d ckj ,d o`) O;fDr fc"Vqiqj esu jksM] ,eŒ jksM ds dkWuZj te'ksniqj ij chekjh o detksjh dh otg ls fxj iM+kA ?kks"k ckcw us Lo;a meznjkt gksrs gq, Hkh mls ,d xjhc fjD'ksokys dh enn ls VhŒ,eŒ,pŒ esa HkrhZ djkok fn;k rFkk mlds ?kj dk irk yxkus VhŒ ihŒ ?kks"k dks tSlk eSaus tkuk esa eq>s Hkh yxk;kA geyksx ckjhMhg je.kh ¶ySV x;s rFkk ogka ls LoxhZ; VhŒ ihŒ ?kks"k vpkud e`R;q esjs fy, ,d xaHkhj lnek irk pyk fd muds dksbZ lEcU/kh XLRI esa dke djrs gSa] geyksx FkkA eSa mUgsa cgqr djhc ls tkurk FkkA esjh muls igyh eqykdkr ogka Hkh x;s vkSj lkjh lwpuk nh ,oa ejht dk gky&pky tkukA laHkor% e'kgwj VªsM ;wfu;u yhMj Jh nqyky eqa'kh ds ;wfu;u ;g Fkk ?kks"k ckcw dk ekuoh; psgjkA vkWfQl esa gqbZ FkhA ckn esa uxj ds ç[;kr iqLrd foØsrk lU;ky ?kks"k ckcw us eSustesaV dh dksbZ vkSipkfjd i<+kbZ ugha dh Fkh] lkgsc ds n¶rj lU;ky cznlZ esa Hkh gqbZ vkSj fQj rks ij os Communication Skill ds ekLVj ihl FksA leL;kvksa dks feyus&tqyus vkSj fopkj&foe'kZ dk flyflyk ,slk py fudyk dSls lqy>kuk pkfg, bl fo/kk esa mUgsa egkjFk gkfly FkhA i= fd ge eghuksa ugha cfYd lkyksa rd yxHkx jkst feyrs jgsA ys[ku esa rks mudk dksbZ eqdkcyk gh ugha FkkA mUgksaus esjs fy, gekjh nksLrh xk<+h gksrh pyh xbZ rFkk geyksx vDlj xaHkhj esjs crk;s fo"k;ksa ij tks fpfV~B;ka fy[kh] muesa gj txg lQyrk lkekftd] jktuSfrd rFkk dkWjiksjsV lEcU/kh ckrsa djus yxs feyhA lHkh fpfV~B;ksa dk tokc vk;k] pkgs og tgka Hkh fy[kk

[10] SCHOLASTIK WORLD x;k gksA muls vfUre i= eSaus thfodk laLFkk tks ekufld :i PHOTOS OF MR. T. P. GHOSE ls fodykax cPpksa ds fy, dke djrh gs] ds fy, VkVk LVhy ds IN ACTION ,eŒMhŒ ds uke fy[kok;k Fkk vkSj mlesa Hkh lQyrk feyus dh çcy laHkkouk gSA vius mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ekuoh; vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; djokus dk mudk mnkgj.k ns jgk gwaA os tc V~;wc dEiuh esa P.R.O. Fks] rc fdlh deZpkjh us dksbZ ,slh xyrh dj nh Fkh fd dEiuh mls fMlfel djus ds fy, etcwj Fkh rc ?kks"k ckcw us deZpkjh ds ikfjokfjd gkykr dks ns[krs gq, M.D. ls dgk fd vki deZpkjh dks fMlfel rks dj nsaxs] ij mlls vkidh Nfo ij tks vkap tk;sxh] yksx vkidks vekuoh; dgsaxs] rc eSa cnkZ'r ugha dj ikÅ¡xk] D;ksafd vki okLrfod thou esa cgqr gh ekuoh; gSaA ?kks"k ckcw ds bruk dgus ij deZpkjh dks fudkyk rks t:j x;k ij cgqr lkjh lqfo/kkvksa ds lkFkA ,d ckj fdlh çlax cl mUgksaus ckrksa ckrksa esa crk;k fd ihŒvkjŒvksŒ dk vlyh eryc D;k gksrk gSA mUgksaus crk;k fd vke rkSj ij yksx ihŒvkjŒvksŒ dk eryc le>rs gSa fd dEiuh esa ns'k vkSj fons'k ls vk, gq, vfrfFk;ksa dk vknj lRdkj ds :i Interviewing Bachendri Pal the first Indian woman to have esa gksVy dh O;oLFkk djuk] muds vkokxeu dh O;oLFkk djuk climbed Mount Everest, for SCHOLASTIK WORLD. ,oa mUgsa dEiuh vkSj 'kgj dk Hkze.k djkukA ;g rks ihŒvkjŒvksŒ dk dke dk ,d NksVk lk vax gSA fdlh Hkh laLFkk ds ihŒvkjŒvksŒ dk eq[; dke rks dEiuh ,oa muds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Nfo dks lekt esa lgh rjhds ls LFkkfir djukA ,slh dbZ ?kVuk;sa os crkrs Fks] ftlls cgqr dqN lh[kus dks feyrk FkkA ekuxks esa Vªd ikdZ cukus ds fo:) mudh vdsys yM+us okyh dgkuh ls lHkh uxjoklh ifjfpr gh gSaA tgka dgha Hkz"Vkpkj gks os mlds fo:) mB [kM+s gksrs FksA ?kks"k ckcw dks cgqr yacs le; rd ;kn fd;k tk;sxkA eSa rks ges'kk mUgsa ;kn j[kwaxkA mudh e`R;q esjh O;fDrxr {kfr gSA

& tokgj yky 'kekZ] ekuokf/kdkj dk;ZdÙkkZ

Conducting a function of AIMT pqus gq, yksxksa esa ,d gj fdlh ds thou esa & ^^dqN pqus gq, yksx** & gksrs gSa ftUgsa ;kn djrs gq, O;fDr vius vki dks xkSjokfUor eglwl djrk gSA ,d ,sls gh egku~ vkSj deZB O;fDrRo ds /kuh Fks ^^LoŒ Jh VhŒ ihŒ ?kks"k** ftudks eSa vDlj ^ckck* dgdj gh lacksf/kr djrk Fkk & esjs fy;s os mlh J`a[kyk esa vkrs gSaA tc eSa ^xhrkatfy* dk caxyk ls fgUnh esa vuqokn dj jgk Fkk] cgqr dqN muls tkuus vkSj lh[kus dk lkSHkkX; çkIr gqvkA bl izlax esa eq>s izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k :i ls cjkcj ckSf)d lgk;rk feyrh jghA tc iqLrd Nidj vk;h rks eSa muds vkokl ij igq¡pk vkSj muds pj.kksa dks Li'kZ djrs gq, iqLrd HksaV dhA os eqLdqjkrs gq, vk'khokZn fn;s tks vkt Hkh esjs fy;s thoar gS] vewY; gS vkSj Lej.kh; gS--- Introducing SCHOLASTIK WORLD to Bharati Choudhry - & 'keZu~ a close associate of Netaji and a Lieutenant in Indian National Army (INA) while the Magazine's Editor-in-Chief Mr. K. M. Prasad looks on.

[11] SCHOLASTIK WORLD

ART MAQBOOL FIDA HUSAIN (1915 - 2011) The Most Celebrated And Internationally Recognized Indian Painter of The 20th Century

M.F. Husain (as he was popularly known) was born into a interview. That search for the Muslim family on 17 September 1915 who became one of the Shakti continued through most famous and highest paid artists of India, both at the several thousand completed national as well as the international level. He was a paintings of his. charismatic artist who redefined Indian painting. His creativity was not M.F. Hussain lost his mother when he was only one and a limited to the field of painting half years old. Thereafter his father remarried and moved to alone. He even directed and Indore, where Maqbool completed his schooling. He then produced films. The first film he relocated to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1935 and took made was Through the eyes of admission into Sir J. J. School of Art. MF Husain started his a Painter which was shown at career as a painter of cinema hoardings. To earn extra money, the Berlin Film Festival and he worked for a toy company designing and making toys. He won a Golden Bear in the Short often travelled to Gujarat to paint landscapes. film category. Thereafter he M. F. Husain His narrative paintings executed in a modified cubist produced and directed a few style started getting recognition in the 1940s. In 1947 he lost more movies including Gaja Gamini in 2000 with his muse his father and that year itself he joined the Progressive Madhuri Dixit. He also appeared in a scene in the film Artist's Group, which was founded by Francis Newton Souza Mohabbat which had Madhuri Dixit in the lead role. He later to unite artists who wished to break away from the nationalist made Meenakshi with another talented artist Tabu. The film traditions established by the Bengal school of art. was well received by the critics, won various awards but it did His first solo exhibition was in 1952 in Zurich. His first not do well commercially. exhibition in the USA was at India House in New York in M. F. Husain was a special invitee along with Pablo 1964. He went to Europe for the first time in 1953 and did a Picasso at the Sao Paulo Biennial in Brazil in 1971. It was a barefoot tour. Incidentally, he remained barefoot all along his great honour for any artist to be invited with as great an artist life. When asked the reason he said "It is good for my knees, it as Picasso. means I can sit on the floor and paint for four or five hours." He was awarded Padma Shri in 1966, Padma Bhushan in 1973 and Padma Vibhushan in 1991. Husain was also nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1986. He attended sessions for six years without once speaking, simply keeping a sketchbook which he later published. Husain was often charged with hurting sentiments of people through his paintings. There were several lawsuits in connection with his allegedly obscene art. Once a warrant was issued for his arrest when he did not appear at a hearing. This warrant was later suspended. Husain also received death threats. Husain lived in self imposed exile since 2006 until his death. He was given Qatari nationality in 2010. There he worked on two large projects one on the history of Arab Indian Dance Forms, from the Indian Civilization series, 2008-11 civilization and the other on the history of Indian civilization. Slowly and gradually, Husain climbed the ladder of His endless quest for his cultural roots and a fearlessly success to become one of the highest paid painters of India. A open-minded willingness to absorb diverse influences has single canvas of MF Husain fetched 1.4 million dollars at a made M.F. Husain one of the most recognizable figures of Christie's auction. His is an amazing story of how a cinema contemporary Indian art. hoarding painter became internationally famous. He was It was a pity that a painter as famous as Husain had to once called the 'Picasso of India' by the Forbes magazine for remain in self exile due to death threats received in India, and his wide repertoire of works of art. had to die outside his own country. He died on 9 June 2011 at His themes usually treated in series include topics as the age of 95 in London and was buried there. His son Owais diverse as Mohandas K. Gandhi, Mother Teresa, the Husain sadly recalled “He could not visit his country though it Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the British Raj, and motifs of was his keen desire to slip in, perhaps sit for a while in a tea Indian urban and rural life. "In Hindu culture it is the mother shop and slip out. He wanted just to be at home one final time. Shakti - the Goddess who takes care of us. My painting has But of course the reality was that there was no way my father always been a kind of searching for that," he said once in an could have got back without the authorities knowing.”

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COVER STORY BANKIM CHANDRA CHATTOPADHYAY The Seer And Uncrowned King of Bengali Literature Of all the great men who were born in the nineteenth century, and who had illuminated the Eastern sky with their dazzling intellectual brilliance and excellence, and ushered in a literary renaissance into Bengal, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the brightest among them. He wrote many novels, several serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. His writings were a breakaway from traditional verse-oriented Indian writings and that inspired other authors across India. He was the forerunner of Bengali literature that blossomed in the next century. He was also the first to popularize historical romances. Many of his works were translated into various regional languages, including English. Through his writings, Bankim Chandra breathed a new life into an entire civilization, particularly Bengal which became ignited with religious, nationalistic and artistic fervor after being infused with the powerful visions contained in his writings. He was influenced and inspired by three great luminaries, Raja Rammohan Roy, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar and Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi. Bankim Chandra was a superb story-teller, and a master of romance. No other regional writer in India, has enjoyed such spontaneous and universal acceptance as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Let us now delve into his life and achievements. He was born in an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas in Bengal. His parents were Jadav Chandra Chattopadhyay and Durga Devi. He had three brothers Shyama Charan, Sanjiv Chandra and Purno Chandra. His brother, Sanjeeb Chandra Chattopadhyay was also a novelist and a travelogue writer. Palamau was his most famous travelogue. on Bankim that the latter did not like what was taught in the The first six years Bankim studied at home at class; he quenched his thirst for knowledge by reading Kanthalpara and did not go to the village Pathshala. other books in his leisure time and he was very much His initial education however, began in Midnapur interested in Sanskrit. This helped him a lot while writing where his father was posted as the Deputy Collector. He his novels later. was admitted into an English Medium school there and Subsequently, he joined Presidency College in 1856 then they returned to Kanthalpara in 1849. and passed out from there with a degree in Arts in 1857 the Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was married at the year of the Sepoy Mutiny. It pained Bankim to see the tender age of eleven while his bride was just five. Bankim failure of India's First War of Independence. In his effort to Chandra Chatterjee was twenty two when his wife died. discover the causes of that failure he utilized his sharp They had a son from this marriage. After some time he re- intellect in the task of analyzing the great problems that married. His second wife was Rajlakshmi Devi. They had India was facing. three daughters (Sarat Kumari, Neelabjo Kumari and Young Bankim perceived that the Indian who spoke Utpal Kumari) but no son. good English was more honoured by his own people than However, later he joined Hoogly Mohsin College (the the man who spoke and wrote their own tongue colleges at that time had two wings, one school and the exquisitely. Wherever he looked, he saw educated Indians other college) and studied there for seven years. He had to jumping frantically on to the bandwagon of British travel across the river by boat to go to his college everyday. Culture. He realized that if India was to be uplifted, her His younger brother Purno Chandra wrote in his memoir children must once again create literature and language

[13] SCHOLASTIK WORLD dynamics to inspire and enlighten the entire people of Bankim Chandra India. wanted to bring Because of his brilliance in academics, he was about a cultural appointed as Deputy Collector by the Lieutenant Governor revival of Bengal by of Calcutta in 1858. He acquitted himself well in his job s t i m u l a t i n g t h e and was a very conscientious worker. He retired from his intellect of the job in 1891 after working for 33 years. His career was very Bengali speaking eventful. He came in direct contact with his countrymen people and with this and the country. He gathered a lot of experience and he end in view, he earned fame for meting out justice. He did not hesitate to b r o u g h t o u t a punish even the policemen if he found them guilty. monthly magazine, After 11 years of his joining the service he obtained a Bangadarshan in degree in Law in 1869. He was a brilliant student all along. 1872. The first issue The first striking event in his life was when he mastered was written entirely the alphabet as a child in a single sitting. b y h i m . While in college, he engaged himself in writing Bishabriksha was poetry in Bengali, though he had studied in the English the first novel of medium. He even won a prize for his poetry. Influenced by Bankim Chandra to the writings of , he began writing in be published serially The facsimile of the first page of Sambad Prabhakar and Sambad Sadhuranjan, the in this magazine Bangadarshan Monthly Magazine magazines edited and published by Gupta. In the next two from 1873. The published and edited by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. years he wrote several articles, essays and poetry in these magazine ran for two magazines. four years and later his brother Sanjib Chattopadhyay He began writing at a time when India was colonized revived it. by the British; when the wounds and horrors of the War of His major novel was Chandrasekhar (1877) followed Independence of 1857 were still raw; and, when the by Rajani in the same year. Krishnakanter Will was ruthless British reprisal terrorized Indian people into published the next year in which he brilliantly depicted abject submission. And this surely needed courage. contemporary lifestyle and corruption in our society. Apart from the breathtaking legacy of his literary In 1881 he wrote a historical fiction Rajsingha. The works his life was quite “normal” and not in any way out same novel was later enlarged and renamed as Ananda of the ordinary. In the words of “He was a Math, the story was set in the 18th century and depicted a man who never clamoured for position or power or Sanyasi army fighting the British soldiers. This book publicity, but continued to do his work in silence for the called for the rise of Hindu nationalism to uproot British love of his work. And just because he had no aim but to rule and attain self rule. This novel was the source of the give out the best that was in him to his people, he was able song Vande Mataram which was originally written in to create a language, a literature, a freedom struggle, and 1875 in Sanskrit and later set to music by Rabindranath steer the course of history”. Tagore in 1896 and this inspired many Indian nationalists. As mentioned above, Bankim Chandra began his literary career in verse writing in the style of Ishwar Chandra Gupta, and later turned to fiction. His first attempt was a novel in Bengali which he submitted for a competition, though it did not fetch any prize. He later translated it into English and published it as a novel entitled Rajmohan's Wife. It did not earn any appreciation and then he realized that his future as a writer lay not in English but in Bengali. He then wrote Durgeshnondini his Postage Stamp issued on 30/12/1976 commemorating first Bengali romantic novel which was published in 1865. Vande Mataram. Thereafter he never looked back. He wrote novels one after another. Kapalkundala was published the next year The genesis of Vande (1866). Please refer to the bibliography of his novels and Mataram is unknown to stories provided at the end of the article. many. Bankim himself A c o m m e m o r a t i v e 2 0 P In 1869 he wrote Mrinalini and there was a marked narrated how Vande Mataram Postage Stamp issued on shift from romance to historical context that indicated a 1/1/1969 to mark the 75th was born. It happened in death anniversary of Bankim cultural renaissance among the Bengali speaking people. 1875, when on a holiday, Chandra Chattopadhyay.

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Bankim boarded a train to his native place, Kanthalpara. Chapter 4. He attempted to translate it to make it readable The train travelled from the outskirts of the city and glided for those who do not understand Sanskrit. through vast tracts of land, wrapped in enchanting green Rishi Aurobindo Ghose and other revolutionaries foliage, decked with multihued flowers, nourished and acknowledged Bankim as their political guru and regarded nurtured by flowing streams and beautiful lakes unveiling him as an inspirer, a new spirit leading the nation towards the bewitching charm of nature in all its splendour. The resurgence and independence. poet's heart was thrilled with the vision of his exquisite was young then and he was an Mother - Bharata Mata - and he burst into song: avid follower and a disciple of Bankim's novels which Thus the song was born. But it had to reach the masses. were being serialized in Bangadarshan. He wrote “It was It took about seven years for Bankim to present it to the bad enough to have to wait till the next monthly issue was people in an ideal setting. In no other setting would it have out, but to be kept waiting further till my elders had read it been more appropriate than in the historic novel, Ananda was simply intolerable.” Math. Bankim had drawn inspiration from the Sanyasi Towards his last days Bankim Chandra named Rebellion (1763-1800). Bankim Chandra out of curiosity, Rabindranath, just out of his teens then, as his successor. visited Madhupur (now in Bangaladesh) in the disguise of The young protégé accepted this with gratitude. a sanyasi while he was the deputy collector. Historic The poet- scholar Romesh Chandra Dutt recounted a Researchers said that he became friends with the sanyasis very touching incident. He mentions that Bankim was the and travelled with them through the tunnel under the Bansi honoured guest at a party hosted in connection with his river from the western fort to the eastern fort. The sanyasis (Romesh Chandra's) daughter's wedding. Young Tagore travelled through this 1 km long tunnel with torches. They who also attended the party introduced himself to Bankim lived in the forts which were connected by this tunnel. and sat at his feet. Romesh Chandra Dutt honouring Bankim Chandra without bothering about his post and job Bankim Chandra offered him a garland of flowers. To the offered puja at the Shiva Temple there. surprise of everyone present there, Bankim Chandra took Vande Mataram means Hail thy Mother Land this off the garland and placed it around the neck of young mantra stirred the hearts of the people of the country.The Tagore, saying: 'this garland truly belongs to him. I am the song became the battle cry for India's freedom struggle. setting sun; and, he is the rising sun. Tagore, it is said, was After independence it was adopted by the Constituent overwhelmed by this act of kindness and affection. Assembly as the National Song of India. Bankim Chandra depicted women with intense feeling Devi Chaudhurani was Bankim's next novel that was and power, giving men much to reflect on. In his novel published in 1884. His last novel was Sitaram that was Krishnakanta's will, Bankim wrote: “Woman is full of published in 1886. forgiveness, of compassion, of love; woman is the Critics like Pramatha Nath Bishi considered Bankim crowning excellence of God's creation…Woman is the Chandra as the best novelist in Bengali literature. In his light; and Man is the shadow” opinion there were few writers in the world, who have Subhas Chandra Bose said, " 'Vande Mataram' literally excelled in both philosophy and art as Bankim had done. means 'I salute the mother'” (i.e., motherland). He assessed Bankim by saying that to understand Bankim “Bankim has done two things simultaneously.” the artist one must read Bankim and understand him as a Rabindranath Tagore verily opined, “ he crafted Bengali moralist and vice versa. In his novels he deftly handled literature with his own hands and ushered in a new style in sarcastic and political messages because under the British writing Bengali novels. At the same time, he taught us to it was not possible to overlook politics completely. discern between good and bad literature. The frustrated All his novels were very successful and several and weak imitators remained frightened and perturbed by editions were published during his life time. Bankim's razor sharp criticism. On the one hand, Bankim The profound effect of Bankim's novels and essays, was ever engaged in creation and on the other, he was ever with their compelling beauty, subtle humour and inspiring cautious in removing ambiguity. And because of this he themes could be seen, first in Bengal and then spilled over had to face bitter criticism from incapable and frustrated into greater India. band of writers. But he had the courage and grit to He raised nationalism to the level of religion by withstand all this”. identifying the motherland with the mother goddess. His Sri Aurobindo summed up the life of Bankim novel Ananda Math created a class of patriots who appropriately and this is the ultimate assessment of willingly vowed to sacrifice their lives for the cause of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. On Bankim's death in their motherland. 1894 Sri Aurobindo wrote a striking article in a Bombay Towards the end of his life, Bankim turned to based weekly Indu Prakash without disclosing his identity. spirituality and he wrote about the essence of Hindu He wrote that Bankim had given the world three noble civilization. He translated the Gita upto the 19th Verse of things. Because of his contribution, Bengali literature can

[15] SCHOLASTIK WORLD be compared with the English Translation: proudest classics of modern “Mother, I bow to thee! Europe, the dialect of Rich with thy hurrying streams, B e n g a l i h a s b e c o m e bright with orchard gleams, unfading and indestructible Cool with thy winds of delight, and the speech of the Gods Dark fields waving Mother of might, which cannot die except with Mother free. the death of the Bengali Glory of moonlight dreams, nation, and a people Over thy branches and lordly streams, spirited, bold, ingenious and Clad in thy blossoming trees, imaginative, high among the Mother, giver of ease most intellectual races of the Laughing low and sweet! w o r l d . … A n d w h e n Mother I kiss thy feet, Posterity comes to crown the Rishi Aurobindo Ghose Speaker sweet and low! makers of India, she will place her most splendid laurel not Mother, to thee I bow. on the sweating brow of self centered politicians nor on the Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands narrow forehead of a boastful social reformer but on the serene brow of that gracious Bengali who never clamoured When the sword flesh out in the seventy million hands for positions, power but who worked relentlessly in silence And seventy million voices roar for the love of his work. His sole aim was to give out the Thy dreadful name from shore to shore? best that was in him in order to create a language, a With many strengths who art mighty and stored, literature and a nation. To thee I call Mother and Lord! It is sad that we do not have any photograph of Bankim Though who savest, arise and save! except the one published here. It is not known who was the To her I cry who ever her foeman drove photographer or when the photo was taken but it seemed to have been clicked a little before his retirement and at a Back from plain and Sea studio. We have no photograph of his without his signature And shook herself free.“ head gear. Bankim lived for 56 years and his career and literary Bibliography: life spanned over 33 years. He did not write too much but Novels whatever he had written had been a guiding force and a Durgeshnandini - 1865 beacon for the aspiring writers and poets. He is the man Kapalkundala - 1866 who ushered in a freshness and style into Bengali literature Mrinalini - 1869 and ignited a renaissance with his writings. He spread a Bishabriksha - 1873 political message to free the Mother Land through his Indira - 1873 novels, among them Ananda Math needs special mention. Indira (Revised) - 1893 He was a literary sage and will always continue to dwell in Jugalanguriya - 1874 our hearts as the uncrowned king of literature as long as the Chandrasekhar - 1875 language will exist on this earth. Radharani - 1886 Radharani (Enlarged) - 1893 Romanized Form: Kamalakanteer Daftar - 1875 “Vande Mataram! Rajani - 1877 Sujalam suphalam, malayaja shitalam, Krishnakanter Will - 1878 Shasyashyamalam, Mataram! Rajsingha (Later renamed Ananda Math) - 1881 Shubhrajyotsna pulakitayaminim, Devi Choudhurani - 1884 Phullakusumita drumadala shobhinim, Kamalakanta - 1885 Suhasinim, sumadhura bhashinim, Sitaram - 1886 Sukhadam, varadam, Mataram! Vande Matram! Muchiram Gurer Jivancharita Saptakotikantha kalakala ninada karale Religious Commentaries Dvisaptakoti bhujair dhrita-khara karavale Krishna Charitra - 1886 Abala kena ma eta bale Dharmatattva - 1888 Bahubala dharinim, namami tarinim, Devatattva published posthumously Ripudalavarinim Mataram! Vande Matram!” Srimadvagavat gita published posthumously

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Poetry Collection Lalita O Manas - 1858 QUIZ Q. 1. What is the full name of our present Prime Essays Minister? Lok Rahasya - 1874 Lok Rahasya (Enlarged) - 1888 Q. 2. Which country is known as the land of cakes? Bigyan Rahasya - 1875 Q. 3. Which country is called the gift of the Nile? Bichitra Prabandha Vol. 1 - 1876 Vol. 2 - 1892 Q. 4. If Royal Bengal Tiger is the symbol for India then Samya - 1879 what is the symbol for England? Q. 5. Who was the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal? BANKIM CHANDRA CHATTOPADHYAY Q. 6. In which year was the Nobel prize first awarded? A Chronology Q. 7. What is the age of an object to be considered as an antique? 26 June 1838 - Born in Kanthalpara in North 24 Parganas. Q. 8. Kerosene or Kerosine. Which spelling is correct? 1844 - Arrived in Midnapur and took Q. 9. Which country suffered the greatest loss of admission in an English Medium human life in World War II ? School. Q. 10. Which city of Uttar Pradesh was formerly known 1849 - Returned to Kanthalpara as Prayag ? February 1849 - Married to a five-year old girl. He was eleven then. Q. 11. Census is the Latin word for : 23 October 1849 - Took admission into Hoogly Q. 12. Whose Samadhi is called Chaitrabhoomi ? College Q. 13. What was the length of the Berlin Wall? 1853 - Won a prize for his poetry published in Sambad Prabhakar. Q. 14. Which country was formerly known as British 12 July 1856 - Took admission into Presidency North America ? College, Calcutta. Q. 15. Penguins come from South Pole or North Pole ? January 1857 - C a l c u t t a U n i v e r s i t y w a s Q. 16. What are Blue Chips ? established. 6 August 1858 - Appointed to the post of Deputy Q. 17. What is nomology? Magistrate & Deputy Collector Q. 18. What is the Parliament of Japan called? 11 December 1858 - R e c e i v e d B . A . D e g r e e i n Q. 19. In which year did Galileo Galiolei invent the Convocation of Calcutta University. compass? 1859 - His first wife died. Q. 20. In which year did India conduct a nuclear test for June 1860 - Married for the second time to the first time? Rajlakhmi 1869 - Passed Law in First Class and Q. 21. To which city does the traditional 'chikan' obtained the 3rd position. embroidery belong ? 4 September 1881 - Appointed as Assistant Secretary to Q. 22. Which noble laureate was once a technical Government of Bengal. assistant in the Swiss patent office ? February 1882 - Re-appointed to the post of Deputy Q. 23. Ahmad Ibn Majid helped which explorer find his Magistrate and Deputy Collector as way from Africa to India ? Assistant Secretary to Government of Bengal was abolished. Q. 24. Which country is known as the land of the January 1887 - Purchased a house near Calcutta midnight sun ? Medical College to live after Q. 25. Who invented ATM (Automated Teller retirement. Machine) ? 14 September 1891 - Retired from the service. 8 April 1894 - Died in Calcutta. For answers see page 50

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MANAGEMENT SKILL LEADERSHIP Leaders Not Only Lead But Also Serve

Leadership is the key to progress, prosperity and l Courage (Resolute Courage) peace. l Communication l Calmness in Crisis Changing things is central to Leadership. Changing l Assurance them before anyone else is Creative Leadership. That l Confidence means a leader has to be pro-active. The heart of leadership l Ability to accept responsibility follows three uphill paths – l Human element l Initiative 1. The Qualities Approach that is l Enthusiasm 'WHAT A LEADER HAS TO BE' l Willing to learn l Will power 2. The Situational Approach that is 'WHAT A LEADER HAS TO KNOW' When we talk about willing to learn, will power and experience then we need to remember the leadership we 3. The Group of Functional Approach have learnt. This should not come in our imagination 'WHAT A LEADER HAS TO DO' alone. We will always have something more to learn. So be prepared to profit by experience. Experience helps a great Whenever we see, or talk about a path we feel we have deal. We should take every opportunity of gaining an option to follow paths separately but when we are experience in leadership. understanding the path of leadership we need to think them and prepare to follow them as a whole. It should not be a The group or functional approach really rests around chemical mixture but a chemical compound. the principle "In a Journey, the leader of people is their servant." Understanding the concept of servant leadership To tell the truth when we start to understand the helps us to serve. The paradox which needs to be qualities of approaches to leadership that is "what a leader understood is that we cannot lead if we donot follow. The has to be, we need to understand - 'WHAT IS concept of followership, act of service, what we need to LEADERSHIP' know and follow is leadership.

It could be understood as - All working groups need to understand the following : "IT IS THE ART OF INFLUENCING A BODY l The need to achieve the common task. OF PEOPLE TO FOLLOW A CERTAIN l The need to be held together or maintained as a COURSE OF ACTION, THE ART OF working unity. CONTROLLING THEM, DIRECTING THEM, l The needs which individuals bring into them by virtue AND GETTING THE BEST OUT OF THEM. of being embodied persons. HENCE A MAJOR PART OF LEADERSHIP IS - MAN MANAGEMENT" The above three areas of needs are not separate or static, in fact they are interactive and dynamic. The following qualities of leadership should be understood :- TASK l Ability to make decisions l Energy l Humour L A l Sense of Justice U TEAM ID l Determination IV D l Example IN l Fitness l Pride in command l Loyalty In order to perform or to meet the three areas of need, l Sense of duty certain functions have to be performed such as :-

[18] SCHOLASTIK WORLD l Planning 3. Communication abilities l Initiating 4. Self Management abilities l Controlling 5. Personal qualities l Supporting l Informing We need to further see the details of these abilities :- l Evaluating, etc. 1. Leadership and teamwork abilities The ability to get things going. The ability to get A function is 'WHAT YOU DO' and Quality is 'WHAT people working well as a team towards a common YOU ARE'. goal.

The above functions could be explained as follows :- The typical behaviours of a leader could be as follows - l Planning w Seeking all available information Ÿ Sets direction and initiates action w Defining Group Task, Purpose and Ÿ plans and organises Goal Ÿ Delegates Responsibility w Making a Workable Plan Ÿ Co-ordinates and controls (In right decision making framework) Ÿ Shows sensitivity to needs and feelings of individuals l Initiating w Briefing group on the aims and the plan Ÿ Motivates and encourages others w Explaining why aim or plan is Ÿ Sets group standards necessary Ÿ Disciplines where necessary w Allocating tasks to group members Ÿ Seeks help and advice w Setting group standards Ÿ Plays positive role as team member l Controlling w Maintaining group standards 2. Decision-Making Abilities w Influencing tempo The ability to think clearly in order to be able to solve w Ensuring all actions are taken towards problems and make decisions. The typical behaviours objectives. could be as follows :- w Prodding group to action / decisions Ÿ Analizes Problems Ÿ Shows reasoning and logical thinking l Supporting w Expressing acceptance of persons and Ÿ Thinks, imagines and is creative their contribution Ÿ Has sense of reality w Encouraging group/individuals Ÿ Demonstrates good judgement w Disciplining group/individuals Ÿ Has an inquiring mind w Creating team spirit Ÿ Generates solutions w Reconciling disagreements or getting Ÿ Is decisive when required others to explore them 3. Communication Abilities l Informing w Clarifying task and plan The ability to make points so that others understand w Giving new information to the group ie them and to comprehend the points that others make. KEEPING THEM IN PICTURE The typical behaviours could be as follows :- w Receiving information from the group Ÿ Speaks audibly and clearly w Summarizing suggestions and ideas Ÿ Uses simple and concise language coherently Ÿ Communicates on paper easily and effectively Ÿ Listens to others with perception l Evaluating w Checking feasibility of an idea Ÿ Reads with speed and comprehension w Testing the consequences of a proposed Ÿ Argues assertively but not aggressively solution Ÿ Chairs a meeting well w Evaluating group performance Ÿ Ensures good group communications, upwards, w Helping the group to evaluate its own downwards and sideways performance Ÿ Shows awareness of non-verbal communication Ÿ Gets others enthusiastic about his ideas A leader has to develop and use the following abilities :- 1. Leadership and teamwork abilities 4. Self-Management Abilities 2. Decision Making abilities The ability to manage time effectively and to organise

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well. Typical Behaviour - Ÿ A self motivator Ÿ Able to work on his own Ÿ Sets and achieves challenging goals 1. Create a daily plan. Plan your day before it unfolds. Do Ÿ Works to deadlines it in the morning or even better, the night before you Ÿ Makes good use of his or her own time. sleep. Ÿ Does not waste the time of others 2. Peg a time limit to each task. Be clear that you need to Ÿ finish X task by 10am, Y task by 3pm, and Z item by Has respect for self and others 5:30pm. This prevents your work from dragging on and eating into time reserved for other activities. 5. Personal Qualities 3. Use a calendar. Having a calendar is the most Ÿ Enthusiasm fundamental step to managing your daily activities. If Ÿ Integrity you use outlook or lotus notes, calendar come as part of Ÿ Strong but not dominating personality your mailing software. Ÿ Personal impact 4. Use an organizer. The organizer helps you to be on top Ÿ Ability to work under pressure of everything in your life. It's your central tool to Ÿ Energy & vigour organize information, to-do lists, projects, and other Ÿ Self confidence and self assurance miscellaneous items. 5. Know your deadlines. When do you need to finish your Ÿ Reliability, stability, calmness Ÿ tasks? Mark the deadlines out clearly in your calendar Breadth of interest and organizer so you know when you need to finish them. 6. Learn to say “No”. Don't take on more than you can In conclusion it could be said that a leader is very handle. For the distractions that come in when you're good in understanding and implementing PDCA at the doing other things, give a firm no. Or defer it to a later team level. PDCA is period. 7. Time box your activities. This means restricting your work to X amount of time. 8. Have a clock visibly placed before you. Sometimes we are so engrossed in our work that we lose track of time. Having a huge clock in front of you will keep you aware of the time at the moment. 9. Focus. Are you multi-tasking so much that you're just not getting anything done? If so, focus on just one key task at one time. Close off all the applications you aren't using. Close off the tabs in your browser that are taking away your attention. Focus solely on what you're doing. You'll be more efficient that way. A successful leader demonstrates and does :- 10. Track your time spent. You key in the amount of time Ÿ Communicates clear vision, direction and roles. you want it to track (example: “30 minutes”, “1 hour”) and it'll count down in the background. When the time is Ÿ Influences and engages others. Ÿ up, the timer will beep. Great way to be aware of your Challenges thinking and innovation. time spent. Ÿ Drives for results. 11. Don't fuss about unimportant details You'll never get Ÿ Displays self-awareness. everything done in exactly the way you want. Trying to Ÿ Commits with passion and values do so is being ineffective. Ÿ Demonstrates mastery of management skills 12. Prioritize. Since you can't do everything, learn to prioritize the important and let go of the rest. Apply the Let us Remember 80/20 principle which is a key principle in prioritization. "TO LEAD IS TO SERVE" 13. Delegate. If there are things that can be better done by others or things that are not so important, consider delegating. This takes a load off and you can focus on the - Geeta Khan Jha important tasks. 14. Eliminate your time wasters. What takes your time away your work? Facebook? Twitter? Email checking? This may interest our readers to know that Ms. Geeta Khan Stop checking them so often. Jha is the daughter of Prof. Chandreshwar Khan - Former 15. Leave buffer time in-between. Don't pack everything Sr. Asst. General Manager (Training) of TATA MOTORS, closely together. Leave a 5-10 minute buffer time in Jamshedpur, presently Management Consultant & Trainer. between each task. This helps you wrap up the previous Prof. Khan is also on our Editorial Board. task and start off on the next one.

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GENIUS SATYAJIT RAY 1921-1992 A Filmmaker Par Excellence of The Millenium

f there is anyone after Rabindra Nath Tagore who had learnt a lot from these geniuses. In multifaceted talents and who made India proud in the fact he made a documentary on Iinternational arena, it was none else but Satyajit Ray. Binode Behari titled “The Inner Ray was a prominent world film maker and the greatest Eye” in 1972. He also made a thinker on films. documentary on Rabindranath Long before he became a film maker he met Tagore titled A Saga of Creative Rabindranath Tagore and asked him shyly for his Excellence. autograph. He obliged the boy with a piece of advice : After returning to Calcutta and Learn to recognize the universe in a dew drop. while working with D.J. Keymer Born in a distinguished family of litterateurs, he came in contact with Jean musicians, scientists and physicians he did his schooling Renoir who came to Calcutta in from Ballygunge Government School where he was 1949 to shoot his film The River. He was highly influenced admitted at the age of 9. He completed his Matric in 1936 by him. Later in 1950 he visited London where he saw when he was just 14 years and 10 months old. Thereafter Vittorio De Sica's Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves) and reluctantly he joined Presidency College and completed this inspired him to become a film maker. He made his his graduation with Economics as a major subject. directorial debut in 1955 with Pather Panchali a film that Meanwhile he became fond of photography. He even brought him instant international fame and later he won a prize for a photo he sent to a London based magazine directed 29 feature films, five documentaries and two short on photography. He was very fond of music from his films. During the shooting of Pather Panchali he exhausted childhood and this proved to be a boon for him when he all his finances and that stopped the shooting of the film. was directing films and scoring music for them. Later he was bailed out by the then Chief Minister of West He was a complete film maker. Bengal Dr. B.C. Roy and the film was financed by the West His grandfather Upendra Kishore Roychowdhury Bengal Government. was an innovator and a writer of children's story books He married Bijoya Das in 1948. Bijoya was an actress which are popular even to this day. His father Sukumar and a singer who also happened to be his cousin. Their only Roy was a trained printing technologist from England and son Sandip was born in 1953. Satyajit Ray suffered a was Bengal's most beloved nonsense rhyme writer, massive heart attack and died on April 23 1992. illustrator and cartoonist. Besides directing films he composed music and wrote Satyajit lost his father when he was two and a half screenplays for his own films as well as for other directors. years old, and was raised by his mother Suprabha as a His films are as fresh today as they were when made single parent at her brother's house. As a child he was much several years ago. His films are notable for their realistic adored and nicknamed “Manik” or Jewel in Bengali. The portrayal of everyday life. Ray's films illumined lives. No extended joint family had uncles, aunts and cousins and it one made films on such diverse subjects before him, the was large in size. way he did. After college he went to Kala Bhawan the art school Though he had a literary lineage and belonged to a at but without completing the five-year cultured and literarary family, Satyajit did not try his hand course, he returned to Kolkata and joined the English at writing until late when he wrote a novel Badshahi Angti advertising agency D.J. Keymer as a visualizer. Here his (The Royal Ring) which startled everyone. Thereafter Ray artistic genius blossomed and he was acknowledged as an authored several short stories and novels in Bengali, illustrator and artist since he designed covers and worked though most of them were aimed at children and on illustration of books which were published by Signet adolescents but those are enjoyed by adults as well. Press a leading publishing house of that time. Satyajit Ray received numerous awards at While at Shantiniketan he came in contact with the international film festivals and several Indian National legendary Painter and the principal of Kala Bhawan Film Awards. He has the honour of receiving an honorary Nanda Lal Bose who was a pupil of Abonindra Nath Academy Award (Oscar) at the 64 Academy Awards in Tagore, Ram Kinkar Baij one of the pioneers of modern 1992. The same year he was awarded the highest civilian sculpture and Binode Behari Mukhopadhyay one of the award Bharat Ratna. The highest award in cinema, the pioneers of Indian modern art. Ray later admitted having Dadasaheb Phalke Award was bestowed on him in 1984.

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IN THE WONDERLAND OF PLANT KINGDOM DID YOU KNOW ? 1. Hydraulic Marvel : Water from the soil is 8. Why leaves release Carbon Dioxide at night ? - pumped upward to the top of a plant or a tree Plants also breathe taking in Oxygen and giving which may be several meters high without any off Carbon Dioxide. During the day Carbon heart or water pump. A medium size oak tree can Dioxide is used in food manufacturing (Photo raise as much as 630 litres of water a day. A tree's Synthesis) which stops at night in the absence of natural pump can lift water more than 10 times as sun light. Carbon Dioxide released by small plants high as a water pump used in a multi storied or shrubs are not in dangerous amount hence it is building. Is it not a marvel ? Evaporation from not harmful to keep 'In Door Plants' inside the leaves create a partial vacuum which is quickly house. Big trees release more Carbon Dioxide filled by water being pushed up from earth which hence sleeping under a big tree at night should be creates water pressure in roots that pushes water avoided. upward. 9. What is a Non Stop Leaf ? - South African 2. Origin of plants : Biologists believe that all Welwitschia plant consists of a single woody plants originated from the sea. First land plant stump and just one pair of leaves which goes on appeared at least 400 million years ago. They had growing for about 100 years to reach full size. forked stems but no leaves, flowers or seeds. 10. Straw Berry can not be called a fruit because it is Some were similar to present day ferns. merely the swollen base of a bunch of flowers. Its 3. Oldest living seed found in 1954 buried in frozen true fruits are the hard nut like pips embedded silt in Canada. It is supposed to be there for 10,000 outside of the flesh and the seeds are in pips. It is a yeras. When scientists planted it, a plant grew native of America. similar to a Lupin plant. A lotus fruit, 11. Why Imli (Tentul) is called Tamarind ? - Imli approximately 1,300 years old, was recovered fruits are introduced to European countries by from a dry pond in North China. It also germinated Persian and Arab Spice traders who called this in to a Lotus plant. fruit as 'Tamar-i-Hind' which means Date fruit of 4. Seeds which do not burn : Seeds of South Hindustan in the Persian language. Europeans Africa's national flower Protia Repens are could not pronounce this word properly and it surrounded by bracts of asbestos like material. became Tamarind. When forest fire extinguishes the bracts open and 12. Largest and Oldest living thing is the seeds are blown by wind, such seeds geminate, magnificent Giant Sequolas tree of California they remain fertile for 20 years. (U.S.A.). Some are over 60 meters tall and thousand years old. 5. Which is the largest seed ? - It is called Big Coconut or Coco-de-Mar (Lodoicea Maldivica) 13. Why Nettle plant stings ? - Nettles have fine they look like coconuts joined together. It takes 10 hollow hairs like hypodermic needles which years to develop before they are ready to grow in contain a kind of light venom. The tip of the hairs to a new tree. These are found in Seychelles. break off when touched by any man or animal. The hair tip enters the flesh with a poisonous fluid and 6. Very big Flower : Refflasia a parasitic plant of causes irritation, itching and wound. South East Asia, bears flowers 3 feet in diameter 14. Tiatan Aurum Flowers bloom after 18 years of and weighs more than 5 kg. planting. This flower grows up to two meters 7. A Pineapple is 'Many fruits - in - One' (as many height. It is a rare plant and the last known bloom as its eyes) : whole cluster of flowers fuse into a was in a botanical garden of Germany on single fleshy mass which look like a single fruit. 14.05.2011. Its flesh is formed from many mature flowers - Dr. Surendra Prasad which are eyes of the fruit. Life Member, Horticulture Society, Jamshedpur

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GREAT MINDS PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU (1889-1964)

Peace is a relationship of nations. It is a condition of mind brought about by a serenity of soul. Peace is not merely the absence of war. It is also a state of mind. Lasting peace can come only to peaceful people. l Failure comes only when we forget our ideals and objectives and principles. l Time is not measured by the passing of years but by what one does, what one feels, and what one achieves. l Let us be a little humble; let us think that the truth may not perhaps be entirely with us. l Democracy and socialism are means to an end, not the end itself. l The person who talks most of his own virtue is often the least virtuous. l We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and adventure. There is no end to the adventures that we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open. l Without peace all other dreams vanish and are reduced to ashes. l Ignorance is always afraid of change. Evil unchecked grows, evil tolerated, poisons the whole system.

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HISTORY OLD ETHNIC NAMES FOR CITIES AND FREE AND INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES everal countries and cities in the world have changed Kolkata Calcutta their names over the years to cast off/shed the Bengaluru Bangalore Scolonial identity or a treacherous past that was Pudducherry Pondicherry attached with their names for centuries, or to simply Thiruananthapuram Trivandrum correct/rectify the spelling. The new names (in some case Mumbai Bombay old names have been brought back) have ethnic origin as Odhisa Orissa well as an ancient flavor. Thailand Siam In case of Odhisa it is simply a correction of spelling. Vadodra Baroda The original name was Odhisa/Udhisa but the English Ho-chi-Minh City Saigon people had difficulty in pronouncing it and so they We trust, our readers have found the story interesting changed it to Orissa. and shall look forward to hearing from them about their Likewise the Chinese capital did not change its name view and more inputs on this subject which we can but Chinese words were spelled in English differently. In accommodate in our forthcoming issues. Chinese, the name stayed exactly the same and most Chinese people are not even aware that some Westerners THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE ARE FREE think that there has been a name change. The old spelling Here are some of them that you could indulge in - remains Peking. Watch the sunrise Similarly for Burma, as it was spelt in the 19th Enjoy the serenity of a sea beach Century, is actually a local corruption of the word Sing a song Myanmar. They are both being used within Burma for a Listen to music long time. Take a nap Ceilao was the name given to Sri Lanka by the Take a walk Portuguese when they arrived in 1505, which was Write a letter to an old friend transliterated into English as Ceylon. As a British crown Hum a tune Give a hug to someone you love colony, the island was known as Ceylon which achieved its Play with a child freedom in 1948 and reverted back to Sri Lanka in 1972. Be kind to the poor In case of Pondicherry, it was called Puducherry Light a candle earlier, which means a "new village". The French made it Smile often Pondicherry. Now it has gone back to Puducherry. Watch the sunset Mesopotamia meant the land between the rivers. After Walk barefoot the great war when the place was divided lower Give a generous compliment Mesopotamia was called the land of Iraq which means Go to bed on time lowlands. Take a deep breath Interestingly Persia is used in historical and cultural Avoid negative people contexts whereas Iran is used mostly in political contexts. Talk to a friend Walk in the rain It is interchangeably used in Iran. Lie in the sun Subsequent to the communist takeover of South Light a candle Vietnam in 1975, Saigon was christened at Ho Chi Minh Read a book after the late North Vietnamese leader. Plant a tree New Names Old Names Watch a child smile Beijing Peking Ask for help Zaire Congo Practice patience Tell a joke Yangon Rangoon Wear new clothes Taiwan Formosa Get up early Sri Lanka Ceylon Help an elderly person to cross the road Myanmar Burma Read a book to the blind Chennai Madras Say a prayer Iran Persia Do meditation Iraq Mesopotamia THINK of your dreams

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WONDERS OF THE WORLD SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE AUSTRALIA A Masterpiece of Modern Architecture n 1959 a competition was organized to design an was formally inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in Opera House for Sydney. It attracted 222 entries October 1973. The cost estimated in the beginning of Ifrom across 32 countries. The design that won the the project was $7 million but when it was completed competition was created by a young unknown Danish in 1973 the cost rose to $ 100 million and interestingly architect named Joern Utzon. He had never seen the most of the extra money was raised through lotteries. site where the opera house was planned to be erected The splendid structure looks from the waters in but was inspired by the idea of the sails of yachts on the harbour like a giant white swan about to take to the Sydney's stunning harbour and his design was air for its flight. influenced partly by the Maya and Aztec temples of The magnificent Opera House is located beside Mexico. the harbour and its complex covers an area of 4.1/2 acres of land. The sails are covered with more than a million Swedish antifungal ceramic tiles which glint in the sun, glow at night and do not require any cleaning. The roof shells were designed by Utzon in collaboration with internationally renowned engineers Ove Arup & Partners.

Sidney Opera House Utzon's design was very unusual and exciting, and it was technically a difficult one too. However, originally it was decided to open the Opera House in 1963 but due to many hindrances including the resignation of Joern Utzon from the project mid-way, modification of the design etc the project took 10 more additional years to complete. It An aerial view of Sydney Opera House Inside, 67000 square feet of tinted glass have been used which is the special feature of the building and was constructed according to the modified design by Utzon's successor, architect Peter Hall. The Opera House boasts of the biggest theatre curtains in the world. The concert hall organ is the world's biggest mechanical organ and has 10000 pipes. There are five different halls, a movie theatre and two restaurants. The opera hall has a seating capacity of 1550 people whereas the concert hall has 2700 seating capacity. Sydney Opera House has already earned a reputation as a world-class performing arts centre and become a national icon for both Sydney as well as Before the opera house came into being Sydney Harbour Bridge was the best known landmark of the city. Australia.

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IN THE NEWS HAY-ON-WYE THE MAGIC TREE An Update That Grows 40 Varieties of Fruits In A Single Tree n the July-October 2012 issue of Scholastik World, alenah parichayate. We identify a tree with we had carried a feature titled Hay-on-Wye “In The its fruit. But do you know that there is a tree News” section informing our readers that Hay-on- I which gives 40 varieties of fruits? So the tree Wye located in a scenic environ of the Welsh F countryside with a population of around 1500 has 35 can not be identified with any single fruit. It produces Book Stalls and it is known as Book Town. peaches, apricots, kaju, pista, nectarines, plums, We have great pleasure in informing our readers that cherries and almonds and many other fruits. the annual literary festival that concluded in June this year in Hay, was sponsored by Tata Limited an Indian conglomerate of companies. It is well-known that Tata Company sponsors numerous philanthropic and social events besides sports activity in India but sponsoring an event such as a Book Fair at a distant land is quite unique, commendable and it calls for a huge applause. Incidentally, Jamshedpur Book Fair is being held annually under the aegis of Tata Steel, Jamshedpur from the very beginning. According to news that travelled home the Tata Tent was the centre of activity and was thronged with book lovers, authors, actors, academicians and celebrities. We hope Tata Limited will continue to promote Books in India as well as abroad in the future too. Such promotions are welcome steps by a corporate house like Tata Ltd. specially at a time when the interest in reading Sam Van Aken an American bought a failing books among the youth world-wide, is dying down. orchard from New York State Agricultural Experiment station in 2008 with different fruit trees which included some antique varieties 150 to 200 years old. After carefully studying the orchid he then began the painstaking process of grafting several varieties into one tree i.e., inserting the tissues from one plant into the tissues of another. And six years later, the result bore 40 different types of fruits. This knowledge of grafting grew in him during his childhood days growing up on a farm in Pennsylvania. Now, six years later, the Tree of 40 Fruits has been planted and grown at community centers, museums and private art collections in California, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts and Arkansas. The Tatas have always made path breaking Professor Aken has developed sixteen such trees. decisions and perhaps this may lead other corporate His aim is to protect the outdated generation of trees. houses in India to follow suit. Such events offer great At present the fruits of this “magic tree” are not sold opportunity to build brands and corporate image amongst the educated community, and make them for human consumption. They are conserved for the household names world-wide. future.

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INVENTION SPECTACLES or EYEGLASSES A Technological Marvel Developed Over A Period of Time

rom a child to an elderly person - everyone is But the first spectacles or eyeglasses were said to have familiar with spectacles or eyeglasses or simply as been used in Italy in 1286. Fwe call them glasses. Eyeglasses are worn before It is interesting to know that Berthold Laufer, an our eyes primarily for vision correction when vision anthropologist even suggested in 1907 that there is a high weakens due to some deficiency or age, and for protection probability as per historic evidences that eyeglasses of our eyes from sun rays, dust or pollution. An amazing originated in India/Asia earlier than Europe. There are number of people today wear glasses or spectacles. however, some disputes in this claim. There are claims that Marco Polo encountered eyeglasses in China in the 13th Century. However, there is no documented evidence of this claim. The earliest evidence of glasses in use in China in the 15th century and the Chinese mention that those were imported. These earlier versions of spectacles were with convex lenses. In 1604 Johannes Kepler explained in his published work that convex and concave lenses could correct presbyopia (far/long sightedness) and myopia (short sightedness) that develop due to ageing. It was Benjamin Franklin the American scientist who invented bi-focal fifty years earlier than had been originally thought, though the idea was born some decades ago.

A photo of eyeglasses developed during the early nineteenth century. The invention of spectacles has left a spectacular and fascinating story behind its gradual evolution that took several centuries to become what it is today with the involvement of several people. It all started with the invention of glass from sands. Around 8th Century reading stones were placed on top of the text to magnify the letters. The history of the development of spectacles is A picture of the present day pair of spectacles. shrouded in conundrums and hoaxes. Over a period time, the construction of spectacle However, the earliest record reveals that small written frames also evolved as its paraphernalia. Early eyepieces texts looked enlarged when seen through a glass filled were designed to be either held in place by hand or by with water. This was documented by a tutor of the emperor exerting pressure on the nose. It was even suggested that Nero in the first century. Nero who reigned in Rome is said eyepieces could be held in place by a ribbon passed over to have watched gladiatorial games using an emerald as the wearer's head, this in turn was secured by the weight of corrective lens. a hat. th Eyeglasses were finally invented in Italy in the 13 The modern style of glasses, held by temples passing century after the use of convex lens for magnification was over the ears, was developed some time before 1727, discovered. An Englishman discovered and wrote around possibly by the British optician Edward Scarlet. 1220 about using optics to read small letters from a Though there is an increase in the popularity of contact distance. Roger Bacon another Englishman also wrote in lenses and laser corrective eye surgery, eyeglasses still 1262 about the magnifying properties of lens. remain very common.

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HEALTH HOW TO MAINTAIN VITAL ORGANS OF THE BODY AND KEEP GOOD HEALTH Chapter - 4

n our last issue we have discussed how blood runs through the body's 95000 KM of blood vessels Inon-stop with the help of the heart pumping it through veins and arteries. Arteries move blood away from the heart and the veins carry blood back to the heart. The quantity of blood makes up about 7 per cent of an average adult's body weight. An adult has a volume of blood between 3.5 liter to 5 liter in the body. The heart squeezes and relaxes about 100000 times each day and pumps about 13,630 liters of blood in 24 hours in an adult male to nourish the body by carrying proteins, glucose, salts and vitamins and these essential ingredients are generated by the food that we take. The right type and quantity of food help us to generate the right amount of nutrients for our body's growth and maintenance. To make our body function smoothly there are several organs at work which battle to keep the body Meanwhile, in the present issue we shall discuss the healthy. Now what are these organs? What are their skin which is the largest organ in the human body. functions? And how can we keep them well- maintained so that they can serve us well and It weighs upto 5 kgs in an adult's body. It protects efficiently as long as we live. muscles, bones and ligaments and other vital organs inside the body. Its main job is to maintain the body's temperature. In the hot weather it makes us sweat to cool the body. When we get goose bumps or raised hair it traps the heat in the body and maintains the temperature the body requires. There are about 19 million skin cells in one square inch of the skin. It regularly sheds its cells which is called exfoliation to maintain its effectiveness. Along with the sweat glands the skin also contains oil glands which releases oil to keep our skin from drying and hair from becoming brittle. Now how do we look after our skin and maintain it? We shall discuss it in our next issue in detail. And till then enjoy good health by looking after your body. Some of the vital organs are Skin, heart, lungs, - A Doctor liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas and brain. The heart ....to be continued pumps blood to all these organs with its required nutrients. The blood works as a courier. We shall Acknowledgement : The Body - Alan E. Nourse and other Editors discuss these organs one by one in the future issues. Time-Life Books, New York

[28] SCHOLASTIK WORLD fopkjkRed vkys[k deZ vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa deZ dks dke vFkkZr~ fØ;k ls lEcU/k ifjHkk"kk nsuk ;k 'kCnksa }kjk cka/kuk dfBu dk;Z ds leku ,oa ekuk tkrk gSA ijUrq deZ euq"; ds thou dk ewy fl)kUr gSA lerqY; gSA lk/kkj.kr% deZ dks yksx dke] fØ;k ;k ladsr ls deZ;ksxh gksuk çR;sd ekuo lekt dk /keZ gSA osn ds vuqlkj deZ tkurs] le>rs gSA ijUrq deZ lR;] vlR; dks ifjHkkf"kr djus dk gh ekuo dk Hkwr] Hkfo"; ,oa orZeku fu/kkZfjr djrk gSA deZ lk/kuk ,d ek/;e gSA deZ gh ,d ,slh fØ;k gSA ftlds }kjk ge Lo:i gSA osn dh Hkk"kk esa deZ dk foHkktu ln~deZ ,oa dqdeZ ds lR;&vlR;] lkFkZd&fujFkZd] ltho&futhZo] vkRek&ijekRek :i esa fd;k x;k gSA ln~deZ dks le>uk eqf'dy dk;Z gSA dqdeZ ,oa thou yhyk dh xkFkk dks le> ldrs gSa ;k ifjHkkf"kr dj dks le>uk vklku blfy, gS fd ekuo ds }kjk fd;k x;k og ldrs gSaA deZ ds cxSj fdlh Hkh fu"d"kZ dk ge fu"iknu ugha dj dk;Z ftldk çfrQy lekt ds fgr ds foijhr ;k vfgr djrk gks ldrsA ^deZ ç/kku fo'o jfp jk[kk* bldk Hkh vFkZ ewyr% ;gh gS mls dqdeZ dgrs gSaA ln~deZ vFkkZr~ os lHkh dk;Z ftldk çfrQy fd lcls cM+k deZ gh gS ftlij ge lHkh rF;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa ldkjkRed ,oa tu lekt dh dY;k.k ds fy, fd;k tk;A lkFk O;k[;k dj ikrs gSaA deZ dks ge nks oxZ esa foHkkftr djrs gSaA ,d oSls dk;Z tks ns[kus esa rks dqdeZ ,oa nq"deZ yxrk gks ysfdu mldk ln~deZ ,oa nwljk dqdeZA ijUrq ;s nksuksa 'kCnksa dk lkFkZd vFkZ dc izfrQy ;fn ldkjkRed gS rks mls ln~deZ ekurs gSaA gekjs osnksa esa cny tk; bldh Hkh lkFkZdrk ifjfLFkfr] le; ,oa deZ fdlds blds cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gS ftlls izekf.kr gksrk gS fd vusdksa fy, fd;k x;k gS blij fuHkZj djrk gSA ekuo thou ds fdlh Hkh dk;Z egkiq:"kksa }kjk ,oa nsoh nsorkvksa vFkkZr~ vius dks lekt ;k rF;ksa dh foospuk djuh gksxh rks deZ dk lkfu/; ,oa deZ dh tuekul esa loksZifj dgykus okys }kjk deZ fd;k x;k ftldk izfrQy lekfgr fd;s fcuk ge ugha ns ldrsA izfrQy tuekul ,oa tu dY;k.k ds fy, fd;k x;kA mls deZ ds ckjs esa lalkj ds vusd /keZxq:vksa] lkfgR;dkjksa ,oa ln~deZ dh laKk nh xbZA iafMrksa us vius vkys[kksa }kjk foLrkj ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA ysfdu mnkgj.kkFkZ fdlh dh gR;k djuk nq"deZ gS ;k dqdeZ gSA deZ D;k gS bldh lEiw.kZ ifjHkk"kk dgha Hkh miyC/k ugha gSA izR;sd ijUrq fdlh dh gR;k djus ls ;fn tuekul ,oa tu dY;k.k dh fo}ku] iafMr] lkfgR;dkj ,oa cqf)thfo;ksa us deZ ij izdk'k viuh Hkkouk dk vkHkkl gksrk gS rks og dqdeZ ugha ln~deZ eku fy;k viuh uhfr;ksa ,oa lksp ds vk/kkj ij j[kk gSA blfy, tc vusdksa tkrk gSA bldk mnkgj.k bl rjg Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA tc ,d iqLrdksa dk v/;;u djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd deZ Kku v/kwjk gSA flikgh ckWMZj ij yM+rk gS rks nq'eu dh gR;k djrk gSA ;g dqdeZ D;ksafd gj ;qx esa deZ le;kuqlkj viuk :i cnyrs fn[kkbZ fn;k gSA ysfdu ljdkj mls gR;k ugha ekurhA ml flikgh dks gR;k gSA blfy, gekjs ikl miyC/k lHkh xzUFkksa ,oa deZ ij fy[kh djus ds cnys ltk ugha nsdj bZuke nsrh gSA D;ksafd ml flikgh us iqLrdksa esa fHkUurk orZeku gSA D;ksafd vkerkSj ij ,slk ns[kk Hkh tk vius ns'k ds fgr ds fy, fdlh dks ekjk gSA tcfd osn ds vuqlkj jgk gS fd vkt ds 100 lky iwoZ tks deZ ekuo lekt ls ijs Fkk dksbZ Hkh tho gR;k] ujlagkj dqdeZ gSA ijUrq ,slh gR;k,¡ ftlls vkt og deZ ekuo tkfr dk fo'ks"k vax ds lEeku gSA blfy, tuekul dks Qk;nk gks og dqdeZ ugha ln~deZ gSA blfy, lhek le;kuqlkj deZ viuk :i cny jgk gS blfy, ekuo lekt esa ij yM+us okys flikgh }kjk fd;k x;k t?kU; gR;k :ih vijk/k miyC/k deZ ij lkexzh dks Hkh cnyus dh vko';drk gSA ysfdu dks ln~deZ ekudj mls bZuke fn;k tkrk gSA nwljh rjQ lSfud ,d ,slh pht gS fd deZ dh fØ;k pkgs ftruh Hkh cny tk;] deZ lhek ij yM+rs gq, ;fn ekjs tkrs gSa rks ge mls 'kghn ekurs gSaA dh lkFkZdrk ,oa eq[; ewy mís'; vpy ,oa fLFkj gSA mlij fdlh tcfd mldh gR;k dh tkrh gSA ijUrq vke vkneh dh gR;k ,d dk izHkko ugha iM+ ldrkA blfy, deZ iz/kku fo'o jfp jk[kk 'kCn vijk/k ekuk tkrk gSA mls gR;k ;k xqukg dgk tkrk gSA tcfd vkt Hkh lkFkZd gSA lhek ij ejusokys QkSth dk ge lEeku djrs gSaA mUgsa ej.kksijkUr deZ dh ifjHkk"kk ryk'krs gesa dqN ,sls 'kCnksa dk Kku gqvk iqjLÑr djrs gSaA ijUrq vke thou esa ,slk ugha gksrkA bl rjg ftls ge vkeyksx ,d le>rs gSa ysfdu mu 'kCnksa dk eryc cM+k cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gSa ftlls lkQ irk pyrk gS fd ,sls dk;Z tks fHkUu gksrk gSA tSls Kku vkSj KkuhA tkudkj vkSj tkudkjhA Kku ns[kus ,oa le>us esa dqdeZ gS ijUrq mls dqdeZ ugha ekursA gkfly djuk vklku gS ijUrq Kkuh gksuk mruk gh eqf'dy dk;Z nwljk mnkgj.k lcls egRoiw.kZ gSA ,d xyr pfj= dk gSA mlh rjg tkudkjh ge nl txgksa ls tkdj ik ldrs gSaA vkneh fdlh O;fDr dh gR;k djrk gSA n.Mkf/kdkjh mls ekSr ysfdu fdlh ds ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh j[kuk ,d fo'ks"k ckr gks vFkkZr~ Qk¡lh dh ltk lqukrs gSaA ijUrq n.Mkf/kdkjh ;s ugha lksprs tkrh gSA mlh rjg deZ dk eryc fØ;k ls gS ysfdu deZ dc fd mls Qk¡lh nsxk dkSuA Qk¡lh nsuk Hkh gR;k djuk gSA ,d xqukg dqdeZ dgyk;sxkA dc ln~~deZ dgyk;sxkA bldh xw<+rk le>uk dh ltk ds fy, nwljs funksZ"k ls ,d vkSj xqukg djk;k tkrk gSA eqf'dy dk;Z gSA blfy, lR; dh ifjHkk"kk esa dgk x;k gS fd gjsd deZ iz/kku O;fDr ges'kk lcksa ls mij jgrk gSA deZ ,d ,slh deZ lR; gSA deZ gh lR; gSA deZdk.M dks iqjk.kksa esa Hkh loZJs"B lk/kuk gS tks lk/kkj.k O;fDr ds o'k dh oLrq ugha gSA deZ iz/kku ekuk x;k gSA deZ dks /keZ Hkh ekuk x;k gSA D;ksafd deZ gh euq"; gksuk vFkkZr~ vius dks nsorqY; vFkkZr~ Hkxoku Lo:i cukukA dh thfor ;k e`Ùk gksus dks lR;kfir djrk gSA deZ thfor çk.kh ¼ekuo] tho&tUrq] tkuoj½ ds thfor jgus dk lwpd gSA deZ vius esa ,d foLr`r vk;ke lesVs gq, gSA deZ dh & dsŒ ,eŒ çlkn

[29] SCHOLASTIK WORLD Accredited by the Northwest Accreditation Commission ADMISSION START 9th & 10th - 11th & 12th ENGLISH MEDIUM / CBSE COURSE For more details, contact :

234, Janata Parikh College Road, Near Tarapore Colony, New Baradwari, Jamshedpur-831001, Ph. : 0657-3290472, E-mail : [email protected], Web. : www.aimtedu.com Bhartiya Shiksha Parishad ç;kx efgyk fo|kihB Department of Open & Distance Education Bharat Bhawan, Chinhat, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-227105 foosdkuUn ekxZ] bykgkckn ¼;w-ih-½ w Master of Education (M.Ed.) w Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) w B.Ed. Integrated (One year course) w Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P.Ed.) w Diploma in Physical Education (D.P.Ed.) w Basic Teacher's Course (BTC) w Nursery Teacher's Training (NTT) w Diploma in Drawing Teacher (DDT) w Diploma in Music Education (DME) w PGD in Social Work w PGD in Human Rights w PGD in Rural Development ksa w Ayurvedacharya (B.A.M.S.) efgykv w Ayurved Ratan (G.A.M.S.) flQZ w Secondary/Matriculation (High School) s fy, w Senior Secondary (10+1 & 10+2) d w B.A., B.Com. Contact : Ambedkar Institute of Management & Technology 234, Janata Parikh College Road, Near Tarapore Flats, New Baradwari, Jamshedpur-831001 Ph. : 0657-3290472, Fax : 0657-2442506, E-mail : [email protected], Web. : www.aimtedu.com

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LAW CITIZENSHIP An Easy Guide To Citizenship in India

A citizen can be defined as: commencement of the constitution. A citizen is the legal person free to act according to the 1) Citizenship by Domicile (Article 5) law of the land and is having the right to claim the laws of 2) According to Article 5 a person is entitled to protection. citizenship by domicile if he fulfills the following two A native is registered or neutralized in a state or nation. conditions. Firstly, he must at the commencement of But citizenship is simply the protection of rights and the constitutions have his domicile in the territory of advantages of a citizen conferred by the constitution of the India. Secondly, such person must fulfill any one of the nation. three conditions (a) He was born in India (b) either of The state population is divided into two classes : his parents was born in India (c) He must have been i) citizen ii) aliens ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less A citizen of a state is a person who enjoys full civil and than five years immediately before the political rights but the aliens do not enjoy any such rights. commencement of the constitution. The fundamental rights available to the citizens are: 2) Citizenship of emigrants from Pakistan (Article 6) 1) The rights not to be discriminated against any citizen Persons who have migrated from Pakistan to India on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth have been classified into two categories for the (Article- 15) purpose of citizenship i.e., (i) those who have come to 2) The rights to equality of opportunity in the matter of India before July 19, 1948 and (ii) those who have public employment (Article 16) come on or after 19 July 1948. 3) The right to freedom of speech and expression, A person who migrated to India from Pakistan freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the of movement, freedom of residence and freedom of commencement of the constitution i.e. on 26th Jan profession (Article 19). 1950 if he or either of his parents or any of his grand 4) Cultural and educational rights (Article 29 and 30) parents were born in India as defined in the Govt. of 5) There are certain offices under the constitution which India Act 1935 and in addition to above condition, can be occupied by citizens only e.g., office of the which applies in both cases fulfills one of the president (Article 58 (1) (a); Vice President (Article 67 following two conditions: (3) (a); Judge of the Supreme Court (Article 124(3) or 1. In case of migration on or after July 19, 1948, he has of a High Court (Article 217(2). Attorney General been ordinarily residing in India since the date of (Article 76(1); Governor of a State (Article 157) migration. Advocate General of a State (Article 165) 2. In case of migration on or after July 19, 1948 he has 6) The right to vote in election to the House of the People been registered as citizens of India by an officer and the Legislative Assemblies of States is available to appointed by the Govt. of India for the purpose. the citizens only and they only can become members 3. Citizenship of migrants of Pakistan (Article 7) : under of the Union and State Legislature. Article 7, a citizen by domicile (Article 5) or by “However, some of the rights are available to aliens migration (Article-6) ceases to be a citizen if he has also which are guaranteed by Article 14 and 21” migrated to Pakistan after March, 1947. An exception is however, made in favour of a person who has Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution returned to India on the basis of permit for resettlement (26th January 1950) : in India. Such a person is entitled to become a citizen The following persons under Article 5 and 8 of the of India if he fulfills other conditions necessary for constitutions of India shall become citizens of India at the immigrants from Pakistan after July 19, 1948, under commencement of our constitution. Article 6. He can register himself as citizen of India in The constitution simply described the class of persons the same manner as a person migrating from Pakistan who would be deemed to be the citizens of India at the after July 19, 1948. commencement of the constitutions i.e., 26 January 1950 4. Citizenship of Indians abroad (Article 8) : Article 8 and leaves the entire law of the citizenship to be regulated provides that any person or either of whose parents or by law made by the Parliament and accordingly the any of those grand parents was born in India as defined Parliament in exercise of its Power enacted the Indian in the Govt. of India Act 1939 and who is ordinarily Citizenship Act 1955. This act provides for the acquisition residing in any country outside India, shall be deemed and termination of citizenship subsequent to the to be citizen of India as if he has been registered as

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citizen of India by the Diplomatic or consular (b) Person of Indian origin who is ordinarily resident in representatives of India in the country where he is for any country or place outside undivided India. the time being residing. On application made by him to (c) Person who is married to a citizen of India and is such diplomatic or consular representative whether ordinarily resident of India for 7 years before making before or after 26th January 1950, in the form and an application for registration. manner prescribed by the Govt. of Dominion of India (d) Minor children of persons who are citizens of India. or Govt. of India. Article 8 confers. Citizenship on (e) A person of full age capacity whose parents are Indian nationals residing abroad on their complying registered as citizens of India under clause (a) of this with its provisions : sub. Sec. or sub sec (1) of section 6. (f) A person of full age and capacity who or either of his Citizenship under the Citizenship Act 1955 : parents, was earlier citizen of Independent India and Parliament in exercise of the power given to it under has been residing in India for one year immediately Art 11 of the constitution has passed the Citizenship Act before making an application for registration. 1955. The Act provides for the acquisition of Indian (g) A person of full age and capacity who has been citizenship after commencement of the constitution in five registered as an overseas citizens of India for five years ways and who has been residing in India for two years before making an application for registration. 1. Citizenship by birth (Section 3) The new sec 3 for the existing sec. 3 provides that 4. Citizenship by naturalization : except as provided in sub-sec.(2) every person born in Where an application in the prescribed manner is India (a) on or after 26th January 1950 but before 1st July made by any person of full age and capacity, “not being 1989 (b) on or after 1st July 1987 but before the an illegal migrant” the central govt. may, if satisfied commencement of the Citizenship Amendment Act that the applicant is qualified for naturalization, grant 2003 and either of whose parents is a citizen of India at him a certificate of naturalization. The qualification the time of his birth (c) on or after the commencement for naturalization are the following : of the Citizenship Amendment Act 2003 whose (i) (a) He must not be a citizen of a country where Indian both of his parents are a citizens of India or (ii) one of citizens are prevented from becoming citizens by whose parents is a citizen of India and other is not an naturalization. illegal migrants at the time of his birth shall be a citizen (b) He has renounced the citizenship of the other country. of India by birth. (c) He has either resided in India or has been in Govt. service for 12 months before the date of making the 2. Citizenship by desent (Section 4) application for naturalization, or during 7 years prior to A person born outside India shall be citizens of these 12 months, he has resided or has been in the govt. India by desent (a) on or after 26th January 1950 but service for not less than 4 years. before 10th of December 1992 if his father is a citizen of (d) He must take an oath of allegiance. India at the time of his birth or (b) on or after 10th day of (e) He is of a good character. December 1922 if either of his parents is a citizen of (f) He has an adequate knowledge of a language India at the time of his birth provided that (a) his birth is recognized by the constitution. registered at the Indian consulate within one year of its (g) That after naturalization being granted to him, he occurance or commencement of this act, whichever is intends to reside in India or so serve under the govt. of later or with the permission of the Central Govt. after India. However, if in the opinion of the central govt. the expiry of the said period or (b) either of his parents the applicant has rendered distinguished service to the is at the time of his birth, in service under Govt. of cause of science philosophy, art, literature, world India. peace or human progress.

3. Citizenship by registration (Section 5) 5. Citizenship by incorporation of territory (Sec. 7) The prescribed authority may on application If any new territory becomes a part of India, the register a citizen of India any person not being an govt. of India shall specify the persons of the territory illegal migrant who is not already such citizen by to be the citizens of India. virtue of the constitution or of any other provisions of Overseas citizenship shall be discussed in the next this act if he belongs to any of the following categories: issue. (a) A person of Indian origin who is ordinarily resident of - Dilip Kr. Mahato India for seven years before making an application for Advocate, registration. Civil Court, Jamshedpur

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CLASSIC THE NECKLACE A Short Story by Guy de Maupassant sight of the little Breton girl who came to do the work in her little house aroused heart-broken regrets and hopeless dreams in her mind. She imagined silent antechambers, heavy with Oriental tapestries, lit by torches in lofty bronze sockets, with two tall footmen in knee-breeches sleeping in large arm-chairs, overcome by the heavy warmth of the stove. She imagined vast saloons hung with antique silks, exquisite pieces of furniture supporting priceless ornaments, and small, charming, perfumed rooms, created just for little parties of intimate friends, men who were famous and sought after, whose homage roused every other woman's envious longings. When she sat down for dinner at the round table covered with a three-days-old cloth, opposite her husband, who took the cover off the soup-tureen, exclaiming delightedly: "Aha! Scotch broth! What could be better?" she imagined delicate meals, gleaming silver, tapestries peopling the walls with folk of a past age and strange birds in faery forests; she imagined delicate food served in marvellous dishes, murmured gallantries, listened to with an inscrutable smile as one trifled with the rosy flesh of trout or wings of asparagus chicken. She had no clothes, no jewels, nothing. And these were Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant popularly the only things she loved; she felt that she was made for known as Guy de Maupassant born on 5 August 1850, them. She had longed so eagerly to charm, to be desired, to was a popular French writer and was considered one of be wildly attractive and sought after. the fathers of the modern short stories. She had a rich friend, an old school friend whom she He died on July 1893 at the age of 43 and within this refused to visit, because she suffered so keenly when she short span of life he wrote some 300 short stories, six returned home. She would weep whole days, with grief, novels, three travel books and one volume of verse. regret, despair, and misery. Here in this issue we are honoured to print one of One evening her husband came home with an exultant his famous short stories "The Necklace". air, holding a large envelope in his hand. She was one of those pretty and charming girls born, as "Here's something for you," he said. though fate had blundered over her, into a family of Swiftly she tore the paper and drew out a printed card artisans. She had no marriage portion, no expectations, no on which were these words: means of getting known, understood, loved, and wedded "The Minister of Education and Madame by a man of wealth and distinction; and she let herself be Ramponneau request the pleasure of the company of married off to a little clerk in the Ministry of Education. Monsieur and Madame Loisel at the Ministry on the Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to evening of Monday, January the 18th." afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had Instead of being delighted, as her husband hoped, she married beneath her; for women have no caste or class, flung the invitation petulantly across the table, murmuring: their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or "What do you want me to do with this?" family, their natural delicacy, their instinctive elegance, "Why, darling, I thought you'd be pleased. You never their nimbleness of wit, are their only mark of rank, and put go out, and this is a great occasion. I had tremendous the slum girl on a level with the highest lady in the land. trouble to get it. Every one wants one; it's very select, and She suffered endlessly, feeling herself born for every very few go to the clerks. You'll see all the really big people delicacy and luxury. She suffered from the poorness of her there." house, from its mean walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains. She looked at him out of furious eyes, and said All these things, of which other women of her class would impatiently: "And what do you suppose I am to wear at not even have been aware, tormented and insulted her. The such an affair?"

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He had not thought about it; he stammered: a large box, brought it to Madame Loisel, opened it, and "Why, the dress you go to the theatre in. It looks very said: nice, to me . . ." "Choose, my dear." He stopped, stupefied and utterly at a loss when he saw First she saw some bracelets, then a pearl necklace, that his wife was beginning to cry. Two large tears ran then a Venetian cross in gold and gems, of exquisite slowly down from the corners of her eyes towards the workmanship. She tried the effect of the jewels before the corners of her mouth. mirror, hesitating, unable to make up her mind to leave "What's the matter with you? What's the matter with them, to give them up. She kept on asking: you?" he faltered. "Haven't you anything else?" But with a violent effort she overcame her grief and "Yes. Look for yourself. I don't know what you would replied in a calm voice, wiping her wet cheeks: like best." "Nothing. Only I haven't a dress and so I can't go to this Suddenly she discovered, in a black satin case, a party. Give your invitation to some friend of yours whose superb diamond necklace; her heart began to beat wife will be turned out better than I shall." covetously. Her hands trembled as she lifted it. She He was heart-broken. fastened it round her neck, upon her high dress, and "Look here, Mathilde," he persisted. "What would be remained in ecstasy at sight of herself. the cost of a suitable dress, which you could use on other Then, with hesitation, she asked in anguish: occasions as well, something very simple?" "Could you lend me this, just this alone?" She thought for several seconds, reckoning up prices "Yes, of course." and also wondering for how large a sum she could ask She flung herself on her friend's breast, embraced her without bringing upon herself an immediate refusal and an frenziedly, and went away with her treasure. The day of the exclamation of horror from the careful-minded clerk. party arrived. Madame Loisel was a success. She was the At last she replied with some hesitation: prettiest woman present, elegant, graceful, smiling, and "I don't know exactly, but I think I could do it on four quite above herself with happiness. All the men stared at hundred francs." her, inquired her name, and asked to be introduced to her. He grew slightly pale, for this was exactly the amount All the Under-Secretaries of State were eager to waltz with he had been saving for a gun, intending to get a little her. The Minister noticed her. shooting next summer on the plain of Nanterre with some She danced madly, ecstatically, drunk with pleasure, friends who went lark-shooting there on Sundays. with no thought for anything, in the triumph of her beauty, Nevertheless he said: "Very well. I'll give you four in the pride of her success, in a cloud of happiness made up hundred francs. But try and get a really nice dress with the of this universal homage and admiration, of the desires she money." had aroused, of the completeness of a victory so dear to her The day of the party drew near, and Madame Loisel feminine heart. seemed sad, uneasy and anxious. Her dress was ready, She left about four o'clock in the morning. Since however. One evening her husband said to her: midnight her husband had been dozing in a deserted little "What's the matter with you? You've been very odd for room, in company with three other men whose wives were the last three days." having a good time. He threw over her shoulders the "I'm utterly miserable at not having any jewels, not a garments he had brought for them to go home in, modest single stone, to wear," she replied. "I shall look absolutely everyday clothes, whose poverty clashed with the beauty no one. I would almost rather not go to the party." of the ball-dress. She was conscious of this and was "Wear flowers," he said. "They're very smart at this anxious to hurry away, so that she should not be noticed by time of the year. For ten francs you could get two or three the other women putting on their costly furs. gorgeous roses." Loisel restrained her. She was not convinced. "Wait a little. You'll catch cold in the open. I'm going to "No . . . there's nothing so humiliating as looking poor fetch a cab." in the middle of a lot of rich women." But she did not listen to him and rapidly descended the "How stupid you are!" exclaimed her husband. "Go staircase. When they were out in the street they could not and see Madame Forestier and ask her to lend you some find a cab; they began to look for one, shouting at the jewels. You know her quite well enough for that." drivers whom they saw passing in the distance. She uttered a cry of delight. They walked down towards the Seine, desperate and "That's true. I never thought of it." shivering. At last they found on the quay one of those old Next day she went to see her friend and told her her night prowling carriages which are only to be seen in Paris trouble. after dark, as though they were ashamed of their Madame Forestier went to her dressing-table, took up shabbiness in the daylight.

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It brought them to their door in the Rue des Martyrs, Then they went from jeweller to jeweller, searching and sadly they walked up to their own apartment. It was the for another necklace like the first, consulting their end, for her. As for him, he was thinking that he must be at memories, both ill with remorse and anguish of mind. the office at ten. In a shop at the Palais-Royal they found a string of She took off the garments in which she had wrapped diamonds which seemed to them exactly like the one they her shoulders, so as to see herself in all her glory before the were looking for. It was worth forty thousand francs. They mirror. But suddenly she uttered a cry. The necklace was no were allowed to have it for thirty-six thousand. longer round her neck! They begged the jeweller not to sell it for three days. "What's the matter with you?" asked her husband, And they arranged matters on the understanding that it already half undressed. would be taken back for thirty-four thousand francs, if the She turned towards him in the utmost distress. first one were found before the end of February. "I . . . I . . . I've no longer got Madame Forestier's Loisel possessed eighteen thousand francs left to him necklace. . . ." by his father. He intended to borrow the rest. He started with astonishment. He did borrow it, getting a thousand from one man, "What! . . . Impossible!" five hundred from another, five louis here, three louis They searched in the folds of her dress, in the folds of there. He gave notes of hand, entered into ruinous the coat, in the pockets, everywhere. They could not find it. agreements, did business with usurers and the whole tribe "Are you sure that you still had it on when you came of money-lenders. He mortgaged the whole remaining away from the ball?" he asked. years of his existence, risked his signature without even "Yes, I touched it in the hall at the Ministry." knowing if he could honour it, and, appalled at the "But if you had lost it in the street, we should have agonising face of the future, at the black misery about to heard it fall." fall upon him, at the prospect of every possible physical "Yes. Probably we should. Did you take the number of privation and moral torture, he went to get the new the cab?" necklace and put down upon the jeweller's counter thirty- "No. You didn't notice it, did you?" six thousand francs. "No." When Madame Loisel took back the necklace to They stared at one another, dumbfounded. At last Madame Forestier, the latter said to her in a chilly voice: Loisel put on his clothes again. "You ought to have brought it back sooner; I might "I'll go over all the ground we walked," he said, "and have needed it." see if I can't find it." She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case. If And he went out. She remained in her evening clothes, she had noticed the substitution, what would she have lacking strength to get into bed, huddled on a chair, without thought? What would she have said? Would she not have volition or power of thought. taken her for a thief? Her husband returned about seven. He had found Madame Loisel came to know the ghastly life of abject nothing. poverty. From the very first she played her part heroically. He went to the police station, to the newspapers, to This fearful debt must be paid off. She would pay it. The offer a reward, to the cab companies, everywhere that a ray servant was dismissed. They changed their flat; they took a of hope impelled him. garret under the roof. She waited all day long, in the same state of She came to know the heavy work of the house, the bewilderment at this fearful catastrophe. hateful duties of the kitchen. She washed the plates, Loisel came home at night, his face lined and pale; he wearing out her pink nails on the coarse pottery and the had discovered nothing. bottoms of pans. She washed the dirty linen, the shirts and "You must write to your friend," he said, "and tell her dish-cloths, and hung them out to dry on a string; every that you've broken the clasp of her necklace and are getting morning she took the dustbin down into the street and it mended. That will give us time to look about us." carried up the water, stopping on each landing to get her She wrote at his dictation. breath. And, clad like a poor woman, she went to the By the end of a week they had lost all hope. fruiterer, to the grocer, to the butcher, a basket on her arm, Loisel, who had aged five years, declared: haggling, insulted, fighting for every wretched halfpenny "We must see about replacing the diamonds." of her money. Next day they took the box which had held the Every month notes had to be paid off, others renewed, necklace and went to the jewellers whose name was inside. time gained. He consulted his books. Her husband worked in the evenings at putting straight "It was not I who sold this necklace, Madame; I must a merchant's accounts, and often at night he did copying at have merely supplied the clasp." twopence-halfpenny a page.

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And this life lasted ten years. At the end of ten years everything was paid off, everything, the usurer's charges and the accumulation of LIFE superimposed interest. A Perception Madame Loisel looked old now. She had become like all the other strong, hard, coarse women of poor Man comes into this world without his households. Her hair was badly done, her skirts were awry, consent and leaves it against his will; on earth her hands were red. She spoke in a shrill voice, and the he is misjudged and misunderstood. In water slopped all over the floor when she scrubbed it. But infancy he is an angel; in boyhood he is a sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat devil; in manhood he is a fool. If he has a wife down by the window and thought of that evening long ago, of the ball at which she had been so beautiful and so much and a family he is a chump. If he is a bachelor admired. he is inhuman and mean. If he enters a public What would have happened if she had never lost those house he is a drunkard. If he steps out he is jewels. Who knows? Who knows? How strange life is, temperate, fanatic and a miser. If he is a poor how fickle! How little is needed to ruin or to save! man he has no brains. If he is rich he has all One Sunday, as she had gone for a walk along the Champs-Elysees to freshen herself after the labours of the the luck in the world and a crook. If he has week, she caught sight suddenly of a woman who was brains he is considered too smart. If he goes to taking a child out for a walk. It was Madame Forestier, still church he is a hypocrite; if he stays away he is young, still beautiful, still attractive. a sinful man. If he gives to charity or does a Madame Loisel was conscious of some emotion. good turn it is for advertisement if he does Should she speak to her? Yes, certainly. And now that she not, he is stingy and mean. When he comes had paid, she would tell her all. Why not? She went up to her. into this world everybody wants to kiss him, "Good morning, Jeanne." before he goes out everybody wants to kick The other did not recognise her, and was surprised at him. If he dies young there was a great future being thus familiarly addressed by a poor woman. before him if he lives to a ripe old age "But . . . Madame . . ." she stammered. "I don't know . . . everyone hopes he has made a will. It is you must be making a mistake." "No . . . I am Mathilde Loisel." therefore impossible to please everyone. So Her friend uttered a cry. do your duty and be fearless, use your own "Oh! . . my poor Mathilde, how you have changed! . ." commonsense and even if you do make a "Yes, I've had some hard times since I saw you last; and mistake it is better than doing nothing. KEEP many sorrows . . . and all on your account." SMILING as nobody wants to hear about "On my account! . . . How was that?" your troubles, they have wagon loads of their "You remember the diamond necklace you lent me for the ball at the Ministry?" own. "Yes. Well?" "Well, I lost it." QUOTES "How could you? Why, you brought it back." "I brought you another one just like it. And for the last ten years we have been paying for it. You realise it wasn't We cannot see our reflection in boiling easy for us; we had no money. . . . Well, it's paid for at last, water. In the same way, we cannot see and I'm glad indeed." Madame Forestier had halted. the truth when we are angry. Only the "You say you bought a diamond necklace to replace calm and quite soul sees the truth. mine?" "Yes. You hadn't noticed it? They were very much l alike." And she smiled in proud and innocent happiness. When you smile, not only do you feel Madame Forestier, deeply moved, took her two hands. happy but you bring a ray of light into "Oh, my poor Mathilde! But mine was imitation. It was worth at the very most five hundred francs! . . . " the lives of others.

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LANGUAGE AN ARTICULATION OF MIND & THOUGHTS How French Words Have Made Inroads Into English

ccording to an estimate about 30% words in the Au revoir : Good journey, Until we meet again. English language have their roots in French and Avalanche : Mass of loosened snow, earth, rocks etc Athis is due to the fact that the French speaking suddenly and swiftly sliding down a Normans ruled England for several centuries. England was mountain. invaded and conquered in the 11th century by an army of the French, Norman and Breton. The colonial rulers spoke in Adolescent : Developing from childhood to French while their servants spoke in English. maturity. In this issue we will trace the etymology of some of the Ammunition : Anything hurled by a weapon or words from the list of thousands of words that have a exploded by a weapon. French connection. Ballet : A classical style of dance. Interestingly, some French words are being used in Bon Appétit : Happy Meal English without altering their spelling or pronunciation whereas several other words have lost their original Bon voyage : Pleasant journey, a farewell to a spelling as well as pronunciation such as chaiere became traveler, Have a good trip/journey. chair, cite or citel became city, countree became country, Boulevard : A long road running through a city. pople became people, tabula became table and so on. Bourgeois : A person whose beliefs, attitudes and There are several French words which do not have practices are conventionally middle English synonyms and thus they are being used in their class. original forms such as Tete-a-tete which means head to head or an intimate get-together or private conversation Bouquet : A bunch of flowers. between two people. RSVP (Respondez s'il vous plait) Brunette : A brown haired girl. which means - please reply. Bureau : Office As mentioned above, the French ruled England for several centuries and was successful in uprooting this Boutique : A clothing store language to some extent but the English are a resilient race. Chassis : The part of a motor vehicle that Under the French rule, the English children first learnt includes the frame. English and then French and they were conversant in both Connoisseur : A person who has knowledge. the languages when they grew up. Café : Coffee Shop. Interestingly due to a prolonged influence by the French as masters over the English people, the names of Creche : A place where children are left by their animals or livestock that was being tended by the English, parents for short period. remained English such as Ox, Cow, Calf, Sheep, Swine Chauffeur : A person hired to drive a private car for Deer etc but after their meat was cooked and served on the someone else. dining table changed their names into French such as beef, Carte Blanche : Unlimited authority vile, mutton, pork, venison etc because the cooking was done by the French Chefs or cooks. Lemon, orange, cherry Couture : Refers to high fashion. are French names of the fruits. Depot : A store house or transportation hub. In this issue, we are preparing a list of some French Dossier : A file containing information about a words which are freely being used in English without person. changing their pronunciation and spelling which perhaps we do not even know about : Déjà vu : Already seen or experienced something before. Words: Meanings Doyen : A senior member of a group. A la carte : It refers to individual dishes on the Elan : A distinctive flair or style. menu. Eau de Cologne : A type of perfume originating in Adieu : Farewell, goodbye. Cologne. Amateur : Non-professional or unpaid. En Bloc : As a group. Attaché : A person attached to an embassy. En route : On the way.

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Façade : The front view of an edifice, a fake person. FACTS A Guide To Frequently & Commonly Asked Questions Fiancé : A man/woman engaged to be married. Why are there five colourful rings in the Faux Pas : Wrong steps, mistakes, blunder. Olympic flag? Fait accompli : Something that has already happened The Olympic flag has a white background with five and is unlikely to be reversed. interlaced circles representing five continents Africa, Grand Prix : Great Prize America, Asia, Australia and Europe. Each circle has Gaffe : A blunder. different colour - red, yellow, green, black and blue. These colours are only decorative and they in no way Impasse : A situation offering no escape, as a represent the continents. difficulty without solution. What is the original meaning of passport? Joie de vivre : Joy of life or living Passport is an essential travel document today. Liaison : A close relationship. Originally it meant giving a pass to enter into or come out of a port meaning giving permission to leave a port or to Laissez-faire : The government principle of non- sail into it for other country. Later this was extended to interference. include a general permission of exit and entry from and Milieu : Social environment, in the middle. to a country. Nouveau riche : Newly rich. Why does a tree not stop growing? It is amazing that tree never stops growing as long as it Omelette : A dish made from beaten eggs cooked lives. But the growth of a tree stops temporarily during quickly in a pan. the cold and dry seasons. Growth is visible during the Object d'art : A work of art. rainy or moist season. The growth of a tree is marked by Protege : A man/woman who receives support an annual ring which is added to its width. Age of a tree is from an influential mentor. ascertained by such rings. There are trees which said to Papier-mache : A craft medium using paper and paste. be living for 4000 years. What is acupuncture? Par avion : By air mail. It originated in ancient China as a form of medical Par excellence : By excellence treatment. It involves insertion of needles into one or Renaissance : Meaning rebirth, a cultural movement many of the 365 spots on the human body. These spots in the 14-17th centuries. represent particular function or organ of human body. If a patient has eye trouble the needles will be inserted into Resume : A document listing one's qualifications his eye-line which may not necessarily be anywhere near for employment. the eyes. A single treatment may last as little as 10 Reportage : Reporting, journalism. minutes. What the needles do is that they relieve the Restaurateur : A restaurant owner. nerves affecting the organ of the disease. Initially scientists looked at it with much skepticism but Rendezvous : A place designated for a meeting. now it has widely been accepted all over the world as a Restaurant : A place where meals can be bought and reliable form of treatment. eaten. What is mafia? Saute : Quickly fried in a small amount of oil. It is a criminal society that was born in Sicily, Italy. They Sobriquet : An assumed name, a nickname. were initially the security men who looked after the estates of large landowners. They never followed law Volte-face : A complete reversal of opinion or and eventually became so powerful that they spread from position. the countryside to the towns in Italy. European emigration helped them to cross boundaries and reached English has the largest vocabulary and it is constantly other countries. They sprang up all over the world with absorbing new words. Be it due to colonial rule or to their considerable presence in the USA. imperial rule over others they encouraged the natives to Why do birds eat grit (small stones)? learn their language and in turn came forward to learn the Birds need grains as their food but they have no teeth to languages of the natives. This is how the Indian words such chew them. So they peck grit too. The chewing is done as pyjama, tandoor, chapati etc also found place in English with the help of these stones in the gizzard. language. Source: A book on Questions and Answers Edited by Anthony Addison, London

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Nihal : Why doesn't the moon shine in the day? Teacher : What does a computer like to eat? Vikas : Are you crazy? Student : It likes to eat chips. Nihal : Why do you say so? ------Vikas : The moon exhausts its energy in shining at A boy came home with a Rs. 500/- note and said to his night and it recharges its battery during the mother that he found it on the way to the school. “Are you day. sure, it was a lost note?” asked the mother. ------“I'm sure' said the boy “I saw a man looking for it at the A little boy to his neighbour : Uncle can you give me Rs.50 spot”. so that I can reach my parents? ------Neighbour to the boy : Yes, ofcourse, my son. But where Teacher : How many poles are there on earth? are your parents? Student : Three The little boy, At Payal Talkies seeing a film. Teacher : Wrong ------Student : No its right. North pole, South pole and A Customer to a Tea Vendor : Why is your tea so tasteless? tadpole The Tea Vendor : What are you saying, sir? This tea is ------brought direct from Darjeeling. John : Dad there is a man at the door collecting for The customer : That is why it is so cold. the new swimming pool. ------Dad : Give him a jug of water. Income Tax Officer to Shyamlal : You should pay your tax with a smile. FUN WITH PROVERB* Shyamlal : I tried this thrice but every time your officers In The Land of The Blind have insisted on cash. ------The One-Eyed Man is King Suresh : Abhishek, without looking in I can tell what is there in your pocket. Abhishek : Ok, tell me. Suresh : A rose. Abhishek : Oh, you are as good as a sniffing dog. ------Sales Manager to a job aspirant : “Do you have any experience in sales?” “Yes sir. I sold my house, my car, our ancestral furniture and my wife's jewellery” ------Teacher : Who is a carpenter? Student : One who paints the car. ------Teacher : Can you tell me the future tense of “I have committed a robbery?” Student : It is simple. “You will go to jail”. " ------o one in their sales team generated any A robber to a lady : orders but Kevin got promoted even Quickly handover your purse; I have a gun. Nthough he achieved half of his target, I The lady : Here take it. guess in the land of the blind the one-eyed man is The robber : Ha, ha, ha, ha! There is no bullet in my gun. the king." The proverb literally means that where The lady : Ha, ha, h,a ha! There is no money in my there is not much choice, the man with scant purse either. caliber in the group wins even though he may not be fully suitable for the job. Source : Books, Newspapers, Magazines, Periodicals Compiler : Plagiarist ! *Fun and Laughter with Proverb : W. Sequeira

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BIO-ART DEVELOPING ART THROUGH BIO-SCIENCE

This article deals with a new emerging branch of into beautiful and ugly mutated flowers. The selected science, BIO-ART, a broad term for the blend of art, beautiful flowers were exhibited and ugly flowers were technology and science that is attracting artists as well rejected. In both of these early cases of bio-art, the as scientists. By using artistic tools on living material mutational experiments were reductively judged in terms many innovative creations have been made, few are of their beauty. beneficial for human kind and few are just for the sake of entertainment. The various aspects of bio-art are discussed in detail.

INTRODUCTION IO-ART is a new branch of science at the junction of Art and Biology, especially ecology and life Bsciences, in which humans work with live tissues, bacteria, living organisms and life processes to get artistic results. The extent of BIO-ART is considered by some artists to be strictly limited to "living forms", while other artists consider it to be an art that uses the imagery of modern medicine and biological research. This bring together all traditional media, including painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing with basic and advanced biology such as molecular and cellular genetics; transgenically altered living matter, reproductive technologies and neurosciences to convey novel ways to Inter-disciplinary nature fo Bioart representing life forms. The interdisciplinary nature of Bio-art is depicted in Fig.1. Bio-art broadly refers to Scientist Adam Zaretsky, TROY, N.Y. once spent 48 artworks that use life and life manipulation as the hours playing lounge music to a dish of E.coli bacteria to communicative medium while employing the practices of determine whether vibrations or sounds influenced biology and the life sciences. Initially strongly associated bacterial growth. He found that bacteria's antibiotic with genetic art, bioart is an expanded term that seems to production increased, Zaretsky decided that perhaps even have developed in parallel with the advances in modern cells were annoyed by constant subjection to "loud, really biology and biotechnology. It includes a variety of works awful lounge music." This sense of humour is a huge factor that include diverse levels of manipulation, from the whole behind Zaretsky's work in the growing field of BIO-ART. organism to the cellular and molecular level, and employ a Responses to more recent and controversial forms of bio- wide range of (bio) technologies, from physical art, such as the creation of transgenic mammals have gone manipulation to tissue culture and genetic engineering. beyond judgements of beauty in favour of more inspiring assessments. A BRIEF HISTORY OF BIO-ART Bio-art is a relatively new development in A LABORATORY INSIDE THE GALLERY contemporary art, still at the emergence of identity but it Bio-art works majorly utilizes biotechnological can be linked to two modern originators. Alexander procedures or practices as the tools for artistic production. Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, exhibited his 'germ Menezes describes bioart as a practice of modern biology paintings' (images drawn by putting bacteria on paper that and biotechnology as the medium for artistic expression. was pre-soaked in a culture medium and then incubated) in He further states bioart as "art created in test tubes, using 1933. But, the interesting thing to notice is that it was the laboratory as the art studio". It is important to notice displayed in a hospital rather than an art gallery. Later, in that several of these works would not have been possible 1936, at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA, an without access to laboratory equipment and scientific artist, the photographer Edward Steichen exhibited a expertise. Though Do-It-Yourself culture and part time collection of strange yet beautiful Delphinium seeds were biology is gaining attention among bio-artists, but the dosed with a chemical colchicine, a toxin that induces biotechnological protocols and practices involved in the polyploidy (multiple set of chromosome), which resulted understanding of artwork are quite costly in terms of

[40] SCHOLASTIK WORLD laboratory equipment and scientific resources. Not Zebrafish-embryo and tries to attach this to another surprisingly, if the artwork is created inside the laboratory, embryo. The project takes place at a MIT-lab using certain implications will emerge for the artwork to step out standard techniques and following the ethical procedures of the lab and move into an exhibition space. of the lab. The project raises questions about whether an artist may do the same as a life scientist and it creates a BIO-ART : SAMPLES platform for debate about ethical practice in the life VICTIMLESS LEATHER sciences. At first sight we seem to encounter the paradox of The "Victimless Leather" project was introduced in bio-arts here again. However, Zaretsky circumvents this 2004, to the public at Perth's John Curtin Gallery, during an paradox by apparently welcoming, rather than rejecting, exhibition that focused on the future of textiles and fashion biotechnological innovation and the creation of new forms with the controversial idea of using cells to grow "semi- of life : a Zebrafish with two heads. living" fabric and reactions were mixed. Immortalised mouse and human cells were used to make leather like material that is "Victimless Leather" inside a specially designed bioreactor that maintains optimal growing conditions (temperature, supply of nutrients, waste removal, etc.). A biodegradable scaffold (base that directs the growth of the cells into a three dimensional shape) is "seeded" with the cells and after gradual degradation of the polymer, a stitchless, coat-like structure or a miniature "leather" jacket is left behind that could fit a mouse (Fig.2). The project is the teamwork of husband-and-wife Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr, and their research is conducted in the labs of Symbiotic A. It might sound absurd or even disgusting , yet Catts, SymbioticA's director, notes that, "Many people wear leather, but the fact that it is obtained from parts of dead animals seems to be accepted much more than growing semi-living cells into a miniature leather jacket-like shape."

DISEMBODIED CUISINE Jacket grown from living tissue An Australian group called The Tissue Culture and Art BULLETPROOF SKIN Project, have chosen to turn the practice of tissue The project artist, Jalila Essaidi, worked with the engineering into the medium of their artworks. One of their Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands to develop most famous projects is the 'disembodied cuisine'. They human skin with a layer of transgenic spider-silk procured cells from a living frog without killing or even sandwiched between the epidermal and dermal layers. Dr. hurting it and grew frog skeletal muscle over biopolymer Randy Lewis from Utah State University produced the silk for food consumption. The climax of this project was from goats and silkworms that have been genetically revealed in a feast at the international biological art modified to produce the two proteins necessary to make exhibition 'L' art Biotech' in Nantes, France in March 2003, spider silk. The silk is harvested from the animals and where the little pieces of this "victimless meat" were woven, using special bulletproof vest techniques, into a marinated in brandy, fried and then consumed by friends scaffold upon which are cultured human skin cells. Two and other artists. The various statements about types of silk were used to manufacture skin samples: one Disembodied Cuisine that Catts and Zurr have published from unmodified silkworms and one from the transgenic suggest that the project aims to move meat out of the strict silk. Essaidi mounted the skins on gelatin blocks and, using category of 'animal' and into an emergent category of a high-speed camera, filmed bullets fired at the skins. A 'semi-living.' a category that skirts the edges of the animal, bullet fired at a reduced speed pierced the skin woven with plant, microbial and synthetic worlds. an ordinary worm's silk. When tested with skin manufactured from Lewis' genetically engineered silk, the TWO-HEADED ZEBRAFISH skin didn't break by the bullet. Adam Zaretsky's in his project "Two-headed Zabrafish-embryo' attempts initial embryonic transplant Continued on... page 50 Surgery. In the project Adam Zaretsky cuts of the head of a

[41] SCHOLASTIK WORLD vius [kkus dks tkus eueksgd VekVj

VekVj us Hkh vkyw dh rjg fo'o ds lHkh yksxksa dk eu eksg fy;k dks vyx vyx fof/k ls O;ogkj djus ls dbZ jksxksa esa ykHk gksrk gSA bu nksuksa ds fcuk fdlh vPNs O;atu dh dksbZ dYiuk ugha gSA lalkj esa vusd izdkj ds VekVj gksrs gSa tks cgqr vkdkj vkSj dj ldrk gSA ;g bruk yksdfiz; gks x;k gSA nksuksa gh nf{k.k jax ds gksrs gSa] dqN rks /kkjhnkj Hkh gksrs gSaA lcls NksVs vkdkj ds vesfjdk ls yEck lQj dj Hkkjr vk;k vkSj ,d gh ifjokj VekVj dks psjh VekVj dgk tkrk gS tks vf/kdrj dksfj;k esa gh (Family - Solanaceae) ds gSaA nksuksa ds ikS/ks vkSj ifÙk;k¡ dqN gksrk gSA bls fcuk dkVs vaxwj dh rjg ;k lykn esa Mky dj feyrh tqyrh gS] nksuksa dks fj'rsnkj dg ldrs gSaA ,d etsnkj [kk;k tkrk gSA ckr ;g gS fd dqN o"kks± igys dqN ouLifr 'kkL=h;ksa us ,d ,slk fo'o esa VekVj 125 fefy;u Vu gksrk gS] lcls vf/kd ikS/kk cukus dh ps"Vk dh ftlij VekVj gks vkSj tM+ esa mit phu vkSj vesfjdk esa gksrk gSA Hkkjr pkSFks LFkku ij gSA vkyw ij vc rd lQyrk ugha feyh gSA blesa cgqr iks"kd rRo gSa tSls dkcksZgkbMªsM] çksVhu] dbZ çdkj ds ;g lHkh txg mitrk gS ij [ k f u t rFkk foVkfeuA lkbfVªd rFkk vksDlkfyd tjk uktqd gS] cgqr vf/kd Ba<+ ,flM Hkh gksrs gSaA ;s lHkh rRo 'kjhj bls onkZ'r ugha ij Ba<+s ns'kksa dks LoLF; j[kus ds fy;s esa Hkh fo'ks"k O;oLFkk dj xzhu vko';d gSA larjs vkSj vk¡oys gkml esa bls mitk;k tkrk dh rjg blesa Hkh foVkfeu gSA nŒ vesfjdk ds is: ns'k lh izpwj ek=k esa gksrk gSA esa ;g taxyh Qy dh rjg dPps ;k ids nksuksa rjg ds iSnk gksrk ;k ftls ogk¡ ds VekVj xq.kdkjh gSa ij cM+s ewyoklh ek;k yksx bls [kwc VekVj vf/kd ykHknk;d gSaA [kkrs FksA os bls Vekby dgrs Fks ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd jkst blh ls bldk uke VksesVks vkSj ,d cM+k VekVj [kk;k tk;s rks VekVj gqvkA e/; vesfjdk ds esfDldks ds çksLVsV dSalj vkSj dbZ nwljh ewyoklh lSdM+ks o"kks± igys bls Qly ds :i chekfj;ksa ls cpko gksrk gSA mPp jDrpki esa iSnk djus yxs FksA Lisuh yksx bls lu~ (H.B.P.) vkSj ân; jksxksa esa Hkh ykHknk;d gSA 1700 bZŒ esa es: vkSj esfDldks ls Lisu ys x;s blds nwljs xq.k & Hkw[k yxkrk gS] Hkkstu 'kh?kz vkSj ogka bldh [ksrh gksus yxhA ;wjksi ds nwljs ns'kksa vkSj mŒ ipkrk] dCt nwj djrk] isV dh ok;q dk fudkyrk vkSj vkarksa dks vesfjdk ds yksx bls [kkus ls Mjrs Fks D;ksafd bldh ifÙk;k¡ tjk LoLFk j[krk gSA FkdkoV gksus ij blds jl ihus ls eu esa rktxh tgjhyh gksrh gSA vkrh gSA cPpksa dks tUe nsus ds igys vkSj ckn rFkk L=h jksxksa esa dqN jkspd ckrsa %& 1- Ýkal ds yksx Hkh bls [kkus ls Mjrs Hkh ;g cgqr ykHknk;d gSA Fks ij Ýkafllh Økafr ds le; lHkh yksxksa dks yky oLrqvksa dk O;ogkj djuk vfuok;Z gks x;kA dqN yksx yky VekVj [kkus LoLF; vkSj thfor jgus ds fy, mfpr vkgkj] yxs vkSj mUgsa dksbZ gkfu ;k d"V u gksrs ns[k ogka ds lHkh yksx bls [kkus yxsA 2- vesfjdk esa Hkh blls Mjrs Fks ij ogka ds ,d O;k;ke (ifjJe) rFkk Lo{krk vfr vko';d gSA VekVj 'kkSdhu duZy tkWulu us lu~ 1820 esa U;wtlhZ dpgjh ds [kk| inkFkks± ds xq.koxq.k tkudj gh ge mfpr ikl djhc 2000 yksxksa ds lkeus cgqr lkjs VekVj [kkdj ;g fl) dj fn;k fd ;g tgjhyk ugha gSA cl D;k Fkk ogka lHkh [kku iku dj ldrs gSaA bls [kkus yxsA 3- o"kks± igys ,d ckj Lisu esa cgqr vf/kd VekVj mitkA bl [kq'kh esa ,d mRlo gqvkA yksx [kq'kh ls ukpus yxs] ,d vkSj ckr & vesfjdk vkSj Hkkjr ds Ñf"k oSKkfudksa us ,d nwljs ij VekVj Qsadus yxsA rcls Lius esa gj o"kZ VekVj VekVj dh ,d ubZ fdLe fodflr dh gS ftldk jax yky dh mRlo euk;k tkrk gSA lu~ 2007 esa ogka ds ,d 'kgj esa djhc otk; cSxuh gSA Hkkjrh; ckxokuh vuqla/kku laLFkk cSaxyw: 40]000 Lisuh yksx bdëk gksdj 1]15]000 fd-xzk- VekVj ,d ¼cSaxyksj½ dk dguk gS fd ;g ân; jksx] dSalj] e/kqesg] xfB;k ls nwljs ij QsdsA ogk¡ gksyh dh rjg gj o"kZ ;g mRlo euk;k cpko djsxhA blesa ,UVhvkWDlhMsaV Hkjiwj gS ftlls ;g jksx tkrk gSA çfrjks/kd {kerk c<+k;sxkA bldh [ksrh lky Hkj gks ldrh gSA ;g Qy vkSj lCth nksuksa rjg ls [kk;k tkrk gS vkSj vusd & MkWŒ lqjsUæ çlkn izdkj ls bldk O;ogkj gksrk gS ftls lHkh tkurs gSaA blds jl Qksu & 0657&2222389

[42] SCHOLASTIK WORLD Hkkjr jRu dkejkt ns'k dh vktknh dk ,d fu%Li`g ;ks)k ^Hkkjr jRu* dkejkt ukMkj eækl çsflMsalh ds /kqj~ nf{k.k {ks= jkeukFkiqje ds ,d ¼1903&1975½ Hkkjr v[;kr ¼vçfl)½ ukMkj ifjokj esa mudk tUe gqvkA 'kgj dk ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr ^Hkkjr uke Fkk fo:nq iêhA ukMkj tkfr lekt esa vNwrksa ls FkksM+h Å¡ph jRu* ds vf/kdkjh iq#"k FksA gSfl;r j[krh Fkh fQj Hkh lo.kks± esa mls mis{kk dh n`f"V ls gh 'kklu dh vksj ls mUgsa ;g ns[kk tkrk FkkA tqykbZ 15] 1903 esa tUes dkejkt ds cpiu dk lEeku lu~ 1976 esa fn;k uke dkek{kh FkkA ekrk f'ko dkeh rFkk firk Fks dqekj LokehA x;k FkkA blds iwoZ dh ge ukMkj tkfr esa tUe ysus ds mijkUr Hkh dqekjLokeh viuh muds O;fDrRo vkSj ÑfrRo vPNkbZ vkSj mPp pfj= cy ds dkj.k lekt esa lEeku izkIr dk ewY;kadu djsa vkSj bl O;fDr FksA ckyd dkejkt dh cpiu ls gh i<+us fy[kus esa dksbZ izdk'k esa mudh efgek vkSj [kkl :fp ugha FkhA vr% blh o`fr ds dkj.k os cgqr i<+ u ldsA xfjek ij lq[k vuqHko djsa tUe ds NBs o"kZ esa firk ej x,A vr% pkpk ds lkFk dqN fnuksa jktuhfr ds rhu dsUæh; O;kikj esa HkkX; vktek;k ysfdu ogk¡ Hkh ugha fVd ik;sA izkjC/k esa 'kCnksa & çHkko] lÙkk vkSj ns'k lsok fy[kh tk pqdh FkhA vr% b/kj&m/kj /kDds [kkus ds ckn 'kfDr ds vUrj~lEcU/kksa dks "kksM~"k o"khZ; dkejkt tc dkaxzsl ds dk;ZdÙkkZ cus rks fQj thou le>uk vko';d gSA çHkko dk vFkZ gS uk;d ds O;fDrRo esa ds vfUre fnuksa rd dkaxzsl ds gh gksdj jgsA xk¡/khth muds turk dk fo'oklA turk ftl uk;d ds lq[k esa] nq[k esa] gkL; vkn'kZ iq:"k FksA tkfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdk.M us mUgsa bl lhek esa] :nu esa] gkl&ifjgkl esa] fØ;k vkSj foJke esa viuk vkik rd izHkkfor fd;k fd mUgksaus iz.k gh dj fy;k fd tc rd ns'k

[43] SCHOLASTIK WORLD o"kks± rd dkaxzsl dk [kknh izpkj ,oa u'kkcanh dk;ZØe ,d xqVksa dks fu;a=.k esa j[k ldsA fdu fl)kUrksa ds cycwrs os ,d lk/kkj.k flikgh dh rjg djrs jgsA dgha dksbZ vU; dkeuk ughaA fLFkj] fØ;k'khy] dk;Zdq'ky] fodklksUeq[kh] QyksRiknd nh?kZ dgha dksbZ vklfDr ughaA os vius jktuSfrd xq: lR;ewfrZ ds 'kklu ns ik;sA os ,d O;ogkfjd cqf) okys 'kkld Fks] ljnkj vuU; HkDr FksA lR;ewfrZ ds vlkef;d nsgikr ds ckn Hkh os iVsy dh rjgA muds ân; dh /kM+du ,oa efLr"d dh f'kjk;sa muds ifjokj dh vuU; fu"Bk ds lkFk ns[kHkky djrs jgsA turk ls ,d :i FkhaA dkaxzsl laxBu esa mudh /kkd Fkh pfj= jktxksikykpkjh] tks Lo;a ,d fo}ku ns'kHkDr Fks] Hkh dkejkt cy vkSj 'kklu dh 'kqfprk dhA muds eaf=eaMy esa ;ksX;re ea=h dh laxBu {kerk ds dk;y FksA rfeyukMq us ;fn dksbZ iz[kj Fks ,oa Hkkjr ds vR;Ur dq'ky vkbZ-,-,l- vf/kdkjh Hkh mudks firk rqY; lEeku nsrs FksA os okLrfod vFkks± esa tulsod FksA dksbZ Hkh] dHkh Hkh viuh fpUrk ysdj muls fey ldrk FkkA os vn~Hkqr Jksrk Fks ysfdu fu.kZ; ysus esa os lHkh laHko lq>koksa ,oa lwpukvksa dks ,df=r djus ds ckn gh dne mBkrs FksA O;fDrxr vkxzgksa&nqjkxzgksa dk] jkx}s"k dk muds fu.kZ; esa dksbZ LFkku ugha FkkA O;fDrxr bPNkvksa] vkdka{kkvksa ls mij mBus ds dkj.k muesa vikj ,oa vuuqya?kuh; uSfrd cy Fkk ftlds cycwrs os vyksdfiz; fu.kZ;ksa dks Hkh tulqxzkg; cuk ysrs FksA mudk dkWeu lsUl vudkWeu Lrj dk FkkA ;fn dksbZ cM+k vf/kdkjh izpfyr vf/kfu;e dk gokyk nsdj dk;Z esa ck/kd curk rks mudk izfrokn ;g gksrk fd fofu;e turk dh lsok ds fy, curs gSa] lsok esa ck/kk ds fy, ughaA mUgsa rfeyukMq ds pIis pIis dk lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd Kku Fkk vkSj rfey ihM+k ,oa gSnjkckn esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; dk¡xzsl dfeVh dh cSBd] 1958 esa] vkdka{kkvksa ij mudh bruh vfHkKrk Fkh fd dksbZ Hkh vkbZ-,-,l- iafMr usg: ds lkFkA vf/kdkjh 'kkldh; lanHkZ esa mUgsa vkmVfoV djus esa l{ke ugha FkkA yksx ckx mudh bl ckr dh iz'kalk djrs Fks fd os 'kkld ns'k dks fn;k gS rks os gSa jktxksikykpkjh vkSj dksbZ iz[kj leL;kvksa dh tM+ esa rqjar igq¡p tkrs Fks vkSj mldk lek/kku laxBudrkZ ns'k dks lkSaik gS rks os gSa dkejktA jktkth ds ckn izFke n`"V~;k gh dj Mkyrs FksA os leL;k dh vk;q c<+us gh ugha dkejkt gh rfeyukMq esa Lora= Hkkjr ds eq[;ea=h cusA rc nsrs FksA mnkgj.k Lo:i ,d ckj muds ikl Vªd vkWijsVjksa dk muds 'kklu dh {kerk ij vusd fn'kkvksa ls iz'ufpUg yxk;s ,d izfrfuf/keaMy vk;kA mudh f'kdk;r Fkh fd ,d ftys ds x, Fks ysfdu dkejkt us viuh O;kogkfjd vkSj jktuSfrd dysDVj us muds mij ,d ,slk izfrca/k yxk fn;k gS fd os ,d lw>cw> ls lHkh vkykspdksa ds eq[k cUn dj fn,A jktkth ,oa dkejkt ds vuq;kf;;ksa esa ,d 'khr ;q) ges'kk jgk ysfdu dkejkt us viuh }s"k jfgr cqf) ,oa fuLi`grk ls lcdk fny thrkA jkxh vkSj }s"kh nksuksa dkA jktkth ds rfeyukMq ds eq[;ea=h in ls ifjR;kx ¼9 vizSy 1954½ ds ckn tc dkejkt ml izkar ds eq[;ea=h cus rc Hkh mUgksaus vius eaf=eaMy esa jktkth ds leFkZd eaf=;ksa dh Vhe cjdjkj j[khA mUgksaus lHkh eq[; ea=ky;ksa dk dk;ZHkkj jktkth ds leFkZd ,oa dkejkt fojks/kh lh lqcze.;e ,oa HkDr oRlye dks lkSik vkSj Lo;a iqfyl vkSj yksd ç'kklu foHkkx vius ikl j[kkA ;gk¡ rd fd fgUnw /keZnk; foHkkx ,d gfjtu ea=h ijes'oju~ ds ftEes lkSik ftuds ikl igys ls gh gfjtu mRFkku ,oa egkfu"ks/k foHkkx FkkA muds bl fu.kZ; dh eqDr daB ls iz'kalk gqbZ vkSj rfeyukMq esa yky cgknqj 'kkL=h] dkejkt vkSj iafMr usg: lkekftd lejlrk vkSj U;k; dk ,d okrkoj.k fodflr gqvkA fuf'pr vk;q ls vf/kd vk;q ds Vªdksa dk ifjpkyu ugha dj laxBu vkSj ljdkj esa mudh {kerk vkSj ;ksX;rk dh ,slh /kkd ldrsA dkejkt us ml dysDVj ls iwNrkN dhA mlus dgk fd teh fd os 1954 ls 1963 rd rfeyukMq ds vR;Ur yksdfiz; ;g ckr lgh gS vkSj ,slh Vªdksa ds ifjpkyu ij izfrca/k blfy, eq[;ea=h cus jgsA os 1967 rd viuk dk;Zdky v{kq..k j[k yxk;k x;k gS fd muls nq?kZVuk,sa vf/kd gksrh gSA dkejkt us ldrs Fks ysfdu ,d ckj fQj mUgksaus egÙkj ns'kfgr ds fy, iwNk fd D;k muds ikl bldk LVsfVlfVDl gSA dyDVj us LosPN;k 1963 esa bl in dk ifjR;kx fd;kA vufHkKrk tkfgj dhA dkejkt us fQj Vªd ifjpkydksa ds dkejkt esa ,slh dkSu lh fo'ks"krk,¡ Fkh ftlds cycwrs os izfrfuf/keaMy ls dgk fd D;k os eq[;ea=h dks vk'oklu nsaxs fd lÙkk esa vkus ds fy, csrkc] vkik/kkih djus okys ijLij fojks/kh os okgu vkSj lM+d nksuksa ds lkFk U;k; djrs gq, dksbZ nq?kZVuk

[44] SCHOLASTIK WORLD ugha djsaxsA vk'oklu feyus ij mUgksaus vkns'k jí djok fn,A FksA vkSj dHkh dHkh rks ;g la[;k lkS ls mij igq¡p tkrh FkhA izfrfuf/keaMy ds tkus ds mijkUr dkejkt us dysDVj ls dgk mudh Lej.k'kfDr foy{k.k FkhA vius lEidZ esa vk;s izR;sd fd muds laKku esa ;g ckr gS fd ,slh nq?kZVuk,sa dsoy u;s Vªdksa dkaxzsl dk;ZdÙkkZ dks os mlds uke ls tkurs Fks pkgs og muds ds lkFk gh gksrh gSA u;h xkfM+;k¡ gksus ds pyrs pkyd mUgsa lEidZ esa pkyhl o"kZ iwoZ gh D;ksa u vk;k gksA ,slh foy{k.k mrkoyk gksdj pykrs gSa vkSj ifj.kke Lo:i nq?kZVuk,¡ gksrh gSaA Lej.k'kfDr iatkc ds izcq) 'kkld jktk j.kthr flag vkSj Ýkal vkSj ckr ,slh gh FkhA ds usiksfy;u cksukikVZ esa gh lquh x;h FkhA pkgs dksbZ fdruk Hkh okd~tky esa prqj D;ksa u gks dkejkt dks vius 'kCnksa dh pkluh esa dHkh Qalk ugha ikrk FkkA fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk okLrfod pfj= vkSj mldh uh;r muds niZ.k ds leku ifo= fpÙk esa lkQ lkQ izdV gks tkrh FkhA vkt ds fodflr rfeyukMq jkT; esa fo|ky;ksa] ljdkjh fpfdRlk dsUæksa] vPNh lM+dksa] fo|qr miyC/krk] is;ty dh miyC/krk] flapkbZ ds lalk/kuksa dks tks ckgqY; fn[krk gS rFkk jkT; ds xk¡o Lora=rk ,oa lqfo/kk ds izdk'k esa txexkrs gSa mldh vk/kkjf'kyk ds laLFkkid dkejkt gh FksA ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa fu%'kqYd vkgkj dh O;oLFkk loZizFke dkejkt dh gh ;kstuk FkhA fofHké {ks=ksa esa visf{kr çxfr ds fy, ljdkjh vuqnkuksa dh >ksyh mUgksaus lnk [kksydj j[khA nf{k.k Hkkjr ds æfo.k vkUnksyu dks detksj dj ,d v[k.M vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh Hkkjr dh dYiuk dks lkdkj djus esa dkejkt dh Hkwfedk dks utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA gksyhdksRlo esa iafMr usg: vkSj dkejktA æfo.k vkUnksyu rfey jktusrk isfj;kj b-oh- jkekLokeh uk;dj dh Hkk"kk lEcU/kh HksnHkko dks vkxs c<+kdj O;fDrxr egRokdka{kk jkT; ds fo/kkueaMy dh cglksa esa mudh dksbZ :fp ugha FkhA dks iw.kZ djus dh ,d v[k.M Hkkjr fojks/kh eqfge FkhA bl nf{k.k fo/kkueaMy esa lkjh cglsa rfey Hkk"kk esa gh gksrh Fkha vkSj os vPNs Hkkjrh; rfey jktusrk dh bPNk Fkh fd nf{k.k Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa rfey izHkk"kh Fks fdarq os fo/kkf;dk l= dh dk;Zokgh esa vius vka/kzizns'k] rfeyukMq] dsjy rFkk dukZVd feydj ,d vyx dherh le; dks u"V ugha djuk pkgrs FksA os fo/kkueaMy ds jkT; la?k cusA LokHkkfod gS fd bl izdkj dh jktuSfrd izR;sd lnL; pkgs og i{k dk gks ;k izfri{k dk mlds efLr"d egRokdka{kk ,d v[k.M Hkkjr dh ifjdYiuk ds fojks/k es Fkh ds izR;sd rarq dk Kku j[krs FksA ;s fo/kk;d fu;fer vkSj csjksd ftldh vkdka{kk xka/kh] usg:] iVsy] tSls egkuk;dksa us dh FkhA Vksd muds fuokl tk ldrs Fks vkSj tkrs Fks rFkk mudh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku Hkh gksrk FkkA eq[;ea=h cuus ds lkFk gh mUgksaus jkT; esa ,d LVsV MsoyiesaV dfeVh xfBr dh Fkh ftlesa lHkh ea=ky;ksa ds ea=h] lfpo rFkk fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds v/;{k lnL; FksA jkT; dfeVh dh fu;fer :i ls cSBdsa gksrh Fkha vkSj ljdkj ds dk;ks± ds fu"iknu ,oa izxfr dk ewY;kadu gksrk FkkA ;fn fu.kZ;ksa ds fu"iknu esa deh jg tkrh Fkh rks dkj.kksa ij eaFku gksrk Fkk vkSj lek/kku fudkyk tkrk FkkA Hkkjr dh izFke nks iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dk 'kh?kzre fu"iknu rfeyukMq ljdkj }kjk gh gqvk tgk¡ fd vU; jkT; ljdkjsa fiNM+h jghA ;g dkejkt ds v/khu pqLr iz'kklu dk gh Qy FkkA eækl ds eq[;ea=hRo dky esa Hkh dkejkt dk thou vfr lkekU; jgkA tgk¡ muds lg;ksxh eaf=;ksa ds fy, cM+s caxys ykycgknqj 'kkL=h vkSj dkejkt dk¡xzsl ds lkalnksa ds lkFkA vkoafVr fd, x, dkejkt us vius fy, 1948 esa vkoafVr fd, x, lkekU; edku esa gh jgsA eq[;ea=h cuus ds ckn ml edku 1920 ls 1957 rd bl vkUnksyu dh vfXu lqyxrh jghA fdarq esa dsoy ;gh ifjorZu vk;k fd mlds eq[; izos'k }kj ij ,d ;k 1956 esa Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu ds ckn ;g nks flikgh rSukr fd, x,A izns'k dkaxzsl v/;{k ds :i esa os tSls vkUnksyu csekuh gks x;kA bldh jk[k esa nch vfXu dsoy lkekU; yksxksa ls feyrs jgs Fks oSls gh yksxksa dk vkuk tkuk muds rfeyukMq rd gh lhfer jg x;hA ysfdu blls iwoZ dk dky eq[;ea=h cuus ds ckn Hkh cuk jgkA ,d lq[kn vk'p;Z dh ckr v[k.M Hkkjr ds LoIu'khyksa ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; vo'; FkkA ;g Fkh fd os izfrfnu de ls de ipkl lk{kkRdkj vo'; nsrs dkejkt mu Loiu'khyksa esa ,d FksA nf{k.k Hkkjr fo'ks"kdj

[45] SCHOLASTIK WORLD rfeyukMq esa dkaxzsl dks etcwr dj rfey turk ds eu dks 'kkflr jkT;ksa ds díkoj eaf=;ksa dk 'kklu ls fudydj laxBu dkaxzsl ds jk"Vª fuekZ.k ds y{;ksa ds lkFk tksM+dj mUgksaus bl ds dk;ks± esa yxus dk ladYi vUrj~fufgr FkkA bl ;kstuk ds vkUnksyu dh tM+ksa dks fu%lUnsg detksj dj fn;kA vius vUrxZr eksjkjth nslkbZ] ,l- ds- ikVhy] txthou jke] eq[;ea=h ds 'kkludky esa rfey turk fo'ks"kdj detksj vkSj ykycgknqj 'kkL=h] f'k{kk ea=h Jh ekyh rFkk ch- xksiky jsìh tSls fiNM+s oxks± dks eq[; /kkjk esa ykdj Lora=rk dh ok;q dk tks fnXxt dkaxzsth usrkvksa us viuk bLrhQk rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h iafMr usg: dks lg"kZ lkSaikA eækl] mfM+lk] mÙkjizns'k] fcgkj] e/;izns'k rFkk d'ehj tSls jkT;ksa ds izHkko'kkyh eq[;eaf=;ksa us Hkh viuk bLrhQk lkSik vkSj dkaxzsl ds laxBu dks etcwr cukus ds fy, Ñr ladYi gq,A pwafd bl ;kstuk dk tUe rfeyukMq ds rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h dkejkt ds efLr"d esa igys igy mith vr% bls ^dkejkt ;kstuk* dk uke fn;k x;kA dkejkt us tc viuh bl ;kstuk dk [kqyklk djrs gq, dkaxzsl laxBu dks etcwr cukus dh ea'kk rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h iafMr usg: ds le{k j[kh rks iafMr usg: cgqr mRlkfgr gq,A mUgksaus Lo;a vius dSfcusV ds lkfFk;ksa ds chp viuk bLrhQk nsus dh Hkh is'kd'k dhA bl ;kstuk dh iz'kalk dkaxzsl ofd±x dfeVh esa lHkh us dh fdarq muyksxksa us iafMr usg: dks bl ladYi ls fojr fd;kA os eækl LVsV bEiksfj;e ds mn~?kkVu esa dkejkt lHkh lkFkh pkgrs Fks fd lÙkk dh ckxMksj iafMr usg: ds gkFk esa vuqHko djk;k mldh [kq'kh dh rqyuk esa Hkk"kkbZ vk/kkj ij jk"Vª gh jgsA dks detksj djus okyh 'kfDr;k¡ dqafBr gks x;haA ;|fi Mh-,e-ds- dkejkt ls tc iwNk x;k fd bl ;kstuk dh ckr muds ikVhZ ds vUuknwjkbZ vkSj muds f'k"; d:.kkfuf/k rfeyukMq dh efLr"d esa D;ksa mBh rc mUgksaus bZekunkjh ls bl rF; dks jktuhfr esa vkxs 'kfDr'kkyh gksrs pys x, vkSj Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj Lohdkjk fd dkaxzsl esa mu fnuksa bZekunkj] ftEesnkj vkSj jk"Vª ds ij lEiw.kZ mÙkj Hkkjr dh fgUnh ,oa nf{k.k Hkkjr dh rfey dh fgrdkeh yksxksa dk furkUr vHkko eglwl fd;k tk jgk FkkA isap fHkM+kdj vkt Hkh lansg ,oa vuko';d ruko dk okrkoj.k lÙkk ds 'kh"kZ ij tks dkaxzsltu Fks os vktknh dh yM+kbZ ds ;q) ls cukus dh dksf'k'k lekIr ugha gqbZ rc Hkh dkejkt ds mPp fudys ris rik;s jktusrk FksA vkt og ih<+h cw<+h gks jgh FkhA O;fDrRo ,oa fparu ds egRo lEcU/kh ;ksxnku dks Hkqyk;k ugha u;h ih<+h ds yksx lÙkkyksyqi] vkik/kkih dj vkxs c<+us dh tk ldrkA ge bl ckr dh dYiuk dj dk¡i tkrs gSa fd yyd okys yksx FksA blls bu uk;dksa dks cgqr ekufld ihM+k dkejkt ;fn rfey jktuhfr esa ugha gksrs rks vkt Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; dk D;k gksrkA rfeyukMq esa ns'k dh foHkktudkjh 'kfDr;ksa dks fu;af=r djus dh dkejkt dh fpUrk bl lhek rd c<+ x;h Fkh fd mUgksaus dsUnz dh dkaxzsl ofd±x desVh esa bl rF; dks xgjkbZ ls mBk;kA ;g rc gqvk tc dkejkt rhljh ckj lu~ 62 esa rfeyukMqq ds eq[;ea=h cus FksA mUgksaus eglwl fd;k fd dsoy lkekftd vkSj 'kkldh; lq/kkjksa ls dke cuus okyk ugha gSA vr% bl dk;Z ds fy, lafo/kku esa la'kks/ku dh vko';drk gSA bl ij fopkj gqvk fd jk"Vªæksgh foHkktudkjh lkekftd rkdrksa dks D;k lafo/kku dh vksj ls ;g vuqefr feyuh pkfg, fd fdlh ikVhZ fo'ks"k ftldk eq[; mís'; foHkktu dk gks og pquko yM+us dh vf/kdkjh gksA pkgs og yksdlHkk dk pquko gks ;k jkT; lHkk dkA rc laln us lafo/kku esa la'kks/ku fd;k vkSj ;g ck/;dkjh vuqca/k tksM+k x;k fd yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk ds lHkh pqus gq, izfrfuf/k eksjkjth nslkbZ] dkejkt vkSj bafnjk xk¡/khA jk"Vª dh ,drk] v[k.Mrk vkSj laizHkqrk dh 'kiFk ysaxsA gks jgh Fkh vkSj Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; ds lEcU/k esa vk'kadk;sa Hkh tUe ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk] ftls dkaxzsl ds bfrgkl esa vizR;kf'kr ysus yxh FkhaA dkejkt us rfeyukMq dh jktuhfr esa ,sls yksxksa gh dgk tk,xk] us dkejkt dks rfeyukMq dh jktuhfrd iVy dks fudV ls c<+rs ns[kk FkkA rfeyukMq esa Mh-,e-ds- ikVhZ dk ls mBkdj jk"Vªh; jktuhfr ds Qyd ij n`<+rk ls izfr"Bkfir 'kfDr'kkyh gksdj mHkjus vkSj dkaxzsl dh yksdfiz;rk ds xzkQ ds dj fn;k og Fkh dkaxzsl dh 1963 dh ^dkejkt ;kstuk*A uhps tkus dk vuqHko dkejkt us Lo;a ns[kk FkkA 1957 ds dkejkt ;kstuk ds vUrxZr dsUæ dh dkaxzsl ljdkj vkSj dkaxzsl vlsEcyh pqukoksa esa Mh-,e-ds- dks tgk¡ ek= 15 lhVsa feyh Fkh ogha

[46] SCHOLASTIK WORLD ij 1962 ds pqukoksa esa og 50 lhVsa ikdj Hkfo"; dh ikVhZ cuus ckn dh ?kVukvksa dk fodkl bl ;kstuk ds fuekZrkvksa ds dh fn'kk esa dne c<+k jgh FkhA blds ihNs dkaxzsl ds xzkl :V vuqlkj gqvk ;k ugha ;g rks loZfofnr gh gSA blds ihNs rhoz dk;ZdrkZvksa dk uSfrd gzkl Hkh cgqr lhek rd ftEesnkj FkkA ;g jktuSfrd bPNk'kfDr dk vHkko gh bfrgkldkjksa dks fn[krk gSA dsoy rfeyukMq esa gh ugha ?kV jgk Fkk cfYd ,d jk"VªO;kih o`fr iafMr usg: dk LokLF; fnuksfnu fxj jgk Fkk vkSj os vpkud 27 FkhA bldks jksdus ds ç;kl vU; uk;dksa }kjk Hkh fd, tk jgs FksA ebZ 1964 dks py clsA dkejkt rc dkaxzsl ds jk"Vªh; v/;{k FksA rc ds ,d egku lektoknh jk"Vª HkDr jkeuUnu feJ tks Hkfo"; dh ?kVukvksa dks LoLFk fn'kk esa ys tkuk mudh cgqr cM+h t;izdk'k ukjk;.k ds vuU; lektoknh fe= Fks mUgksaus viuh ftEesnkjh Fkh tks mUgksaus c[kwch fuHkkbZA izfl) iqLrd ^laLej.k* esa fy[kk gS & usg: ds fu/ku ds le; dkejkt dkaxzsl ds jk"Vªh; v/;{k ^tks jax cnydj vkuu Qkuu esa cM+s vkneh cu x, vkSj FksA u;s iz/kkuea=h ds pquko dh leL;k dkaxzsl ds le{k FkhA ;g vc ix ix ij iki] ywV vkSj ns'k æksg djds Hkh nwljksa dks dke vklku ugha FkkA iafMr usg: ,d egku O;fDrRo ds Lokeh ns'kHkfDr dk mins'k nsrs fQj jgs gSa mUgsa Hkh jksdus&Vksdus dh FksA os u dsoy ,d egku jk"Vªh; uk;d Fks oju~ fo'o esa Hkkjr dh fgEer vkt fdles gS \ ,sls iq:"kkFkZ jfgr ns'k esa iyk;uoknh 'kku ds izfrfuf/k Hkh FksA vr% muds nsgkolku ds i'pkr~ dguk ohjrk dk y{k.k cu x;k gSA D;ksafd eSaus jkg ugha cnyh] xfjekiw.kZ iVh esa 'kjhd gksus ls le{k ,d pqukSrh FkhA vHkh rd dkaxzsl ofd±x dfeVh gh dkaxzsl yxkrkj budkj djrk jgkA exj fe= dk dke fdlh ds bl ozr lalnh; ny dk ekxZn'kZu djrh jgh FkhA usg: ds fu/ku ds esa bl rjg dh ok/kk Mkyuk Hkh rks ugha gksrkA i'pkr~ dkejkt pkgrs Fks fd loZlEefr ls iz/kkuea=h dk pquko fcgkj ds eq[;ea=h cuus ds ckn ,d fnu Jh Ñ".k cYyHk dkaxzsl ds Hkhrj gks tk; vkSj lalnh; ny mldk vuqeksnu djsA lgk; eq>ls feyus ygsfj;k ljk; pys vk, FksA mudh n`f"V esa eSa eksjkjth nslkbZ] tks usg: ds ea=heaMy esa foÙk ea=h dh ftEesnkjh jktuhfr NksM+dj vkRe fuokZlu dk n.M Hkksx jgk Fkk ftlls fuHkk pqds Fks] dh egRokdka{kk mHkkj ys jgh FkhA ysfdu loZlEefr cp fudyus dh rjdhc os eq>s crk ldrs FksA cM+h vkReh;rk ds ls ykycgknqj 'kkL=h iz/kkuea=h pqu fy, x,A nslkbZ dh lEefr lkFk mUgksaus lq>ko fn;k & 'You did not play your cards well, Hkh bl fu.kZ; esa 'kkfey FkhA yky cgknqj 'kkL=h ds pquko ds so far, but they are still there in your hands'. ihNs nks egRoiw.kZ dkj.k FksA Lo;a ihfM+r usg: ;g bPNk trk eSa mudk xw<+ ladsr le> x;kA blfy, ml ckr dks vkxs pqds Fks fd mudk ykycgknqj 'kkL=h dh {kerk esa iw.kZ fo'okl gS c<+us dh uh;r ls eSaus mÙkj fn;k & Ñ".k cYyHk ckcw ! jktuhfr vkSj os O;fDrxr bPNk j[krs Fks fd muds tkus ds i'pkr~ 'kkL=h ds dq'ky f[kykfM+;ksa ls eq>s rfud Hkh bZ";kZ ugha gksrh ftUgsa esjs gh aHkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h gksaA ;g dksbZ xqIr vkdka{kk ugha FkhA nwljh vukM+hiu ij rjl vkrk gSA eSa fdlh Hkh eq[;ea=h dh vis{kk ckr Lo;a dkejkt Hkh 'kkL=hth dks Hkkjr dk usr`Ro djuk ns[kuk vf/kd izlUu vf/kd larq"V vkSj vf/kd fuf'par gw¡A pkgrs FksA mUgksaus Lo;a bl ckr dks dgk Fkk fd Hkkjr dk ç/kkuea=h cuus ds ckn Jh ykycgknqj 'kkL=h Hkh [kqn ,d iz/kkuea=h cuus ds fy, ogh O;fDr ;ksX; gS ftlesa fdlh rjg ckj eq>ls fey pqds FksA tc ge nksuksa dk'kh fo|kihB esa lkFk dh dksbZ O;fDrxr egRokdka{kk u gksA tks lHkh foHkktuksa ls mij lkFk Nk= Fks rHkh ls gekjs chp ?kfu"Brk FkhA mUgksaus eq>ls dgk mBdj dsoy jk"Vª dh fpUrk djrk gksA ykycgknqj 'kkL=h th us Fkk & ^vius iqjkus fe=ksa dh enn dh eq>s t:jr vk iM+h gSA ml fu%lansg ml egku in ds xkSjo dks vius dk;Zdky esa pkj pk¡n enn ds vHkko esa esjs tSlk vkneh bl ekgkSy esa fVd ugha yxk,A 1965 esa Hkkjr ikd ;q) gqvkA mUgksaus Hkkjr dks fot; ldsxkA esjk vuqjks/k gS fd vki esjs fe= eaMyh esa jgdj esjh fnykbZA ns'k dh vUu leL;k dk lek/kku s dksbZ vksgnk ilan ughaA eq>s bl ckr dk vuqHko gks iz/kkuea=h pqus tkus ls oafpr jg x;sA ysfdu blds myV pqdk gS fd vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa gekjs tks fe= lkFk&lkFk ejus dkejkt dkaxzsl v/;{k ds ukrs loZlEefr ds fl)kar dks loksZifj dks rS;kj Fks mUgsa Hkh vc lkFk lkFk jgus esa ,srjkt gks x;k gSA ekudj pyus ds i{k/kj FksA ysfdu dkaxzsl ofd±x dfeVh ds ;g lc mu fnuksa dh jktuSfrd ifjn`'; ds ckuxh rF; gSaA fu.kZ;ksa ls ca/ks dkejkt dks dfeVh us ;g vf/kdkj ugha fn;k fd vr% ^dkejkt ;kstuk* dk vkuk vkSj mlds izfr usg: dk os ^loZlEefr cukus dh fof/k* dk Lo;a fu.kZ; djsaA dkaxzsl esa ;g mRlkg fn[kkuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA my>u dqN fnuksa rd cuh jghA var esa dkaxzsl ofd±x dfeVh us bl ,dek= ?kVuk us dkejkt dh izfr"Bk jk"Vªh; jktuhfr loZlEefr cukus dk vf/kdkj dkejkt dks lkSaikA laln lnL;ksa esa bruh c<+k nh fd os fufoZjks/k dkaxzsl ds v/;{k 1963 esa ,oa jkT; ds dkaxzslh fo/kk;dksa ls mUgksaus yEch eqykdkrsa dhA fuokZfpr gks x,A mUgksaus dYiuk esa Hkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd mudk eu VVksyk vkSj viuh ea'kk ;g trkbZ dh Jherh bafnjk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mUgsa bl egku xkSjokfUor in rd igq¡pk nsaxhA xk¡/kh] Jh eksjkjth nslkbZ dh rqyuk esa dkaxzsl ds fy, ,oa jk"Vª

[47] SCHOLASTIK WORLD dh ,drk ds fy, vf/kd mi;qDr gSaA 'kk;n ;g dkejkt ds ;|fi 1969 esa tc bafnjkth dkaxzsl ds foHkktu dk dkj.k cuh O;fDrRo dk gh izHkko Fkk fd dqN lkaln tks igys Jherh xka/kh rc Hkh dkejkt dh ;gh bPNk Fkh fd ,d ckj iqu% ds nksuksa ny ds i{k/kj ugha Fks mUgksaus Hkh pquko esa Jherh xka/kh ds i{k esa vius ,d gksdj jgsa vkSj dkaxzsl ,d vfoHkkftr dkaxzsl & jk"Vªh; er fn,A iz'u ;g mBk fd dkejkt us Jherh xka/kh ds i{k esa dkaxzsl gh cuh jgsA ysfdu fu;fr euq"; ds mij dk;Z djrh gSA vius izHkko dk mi;ksx D;ksa fd;kA blds fy, muds rdZ bafnjkth dkaxzsl esa ,d{k= 'kklu pkgrh FkhaA os lkewfgd usr`Ro lqLi"V FksA Jherh xka/kh Hkkjr dh vk/kh efgyk tula[;k ds vkSj loZlEefr ds dkejkt ds fl)kar ds myV rudj [kM+h FkhA fy, izsj.kk lzksr cu ldrh FkhaA Jh tokgjyky usg: ds 17 o"kks± ;gha ls dkejkt ;qx ds lekiu dh vkgV lquh x;hA dkaxzsl dk ds iz/kkueaf=Ro dky esa os vius firk ds lkFk vusd ckj fons'kksa esa foHkktu gqvkA nks /kM+ksa dks ehfM;k us uke fn;k flafMdsV vkSj nkSjk dj pqdh Fkha vkSj fo'o ds usrkvksa ,oa oSf'od uhfr;ksa ls bafMdsVA iqjkus dkaxzslh flafMdsV Fks rFkk bafnjk ds lkFk pyus vPNs vkSj izHkkoiw.kZ ljksdkj j[krh FkhaA blds myV Jh eksjkjth okys bafMdsV dgyk;sA vkn'kks± ,oa lekgkj dh jktuhfr ij nslkbZ ,d vueuh; vkSj vd~[kM+ LoHkko ds O;fDr Fks ftuesa pyus okys yksxksa dk ,d /kM+k vc mu dkaxzsfl;ksa ds fy, csekuh fdlh izdkj dh yksp dh laHkkouk ugha FkhA mudk vueuh; gks x;k Fkk tks vkik/kkih esa jktuhfr dh f'k[kj ;k=k djus dks LoHkko Hkh muds lkfFk;ksa dks d"V nsrk FkkA eksjkjth nslkbZ dks ykyf;r FksA bafnjk th iz/kkuea=h FkhaA lÙkk dh 'kfDr muds dkejkt us eukus dk cgqr ç;kl fd;k vkSj ;g ladsr Hkh ns gkFkksa esa FkhA mUgksaus yksdyqHkkou fu.kZ;ksa ;Fkk cSadksa dk fn;k fd cgqer Jherh xka/kh ds i{k es gS] vr% vPNk gksxk fd jk"Vªh;dj.k] izhfr ilZ dk lekiu tSls fu.kZ;ksa ls vius i{k esa loZlEefr ls gh Jherh xka/kh lalnh; ny dk usrk pquh tk;A tueu dks [khapkA dkaxzsl ¼vkWjxsukbtslu½ ls dk;ZdrkZvksa dk ysfdu Jh eksjkjth ds mij bldk izHkko ugha iM+kA mUgksaus Li"V ,d cM+k /kM+k VwVdj bafnjk dkaxzsl ls tk feykA mRlkfgr gksdj :i ls dgk fd laln ds iVy ij gh bldk fu.kZ; gksxkA vUrr% bafnjkth us 1971 dk e/;fof/k pquko djk;k ftlesa mudh Jherh bafnjk xka/kh 169 dh rqyuk esa 355 erksa ls lalnh; ny ds vizR;kf'kr fot; gqbZA usrk dk pquko thrdj iz/kkuea=h cuhA Jh eksjkjth us cgqr 1971 ds Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ;q) ds mijkUr ,d Lora= jk"Vª cgknqjh ds lkFk dkaxzsl ds fu.kZ; dks Lohdkjk vkSj mDr volj caxykns'k dk mn; gqvkA bl ;q) esa Hkkjr dh tcnZLr fot; us ij Jherh xka/kh dks c/kkbZ nsrs gq, dgk fd os vius vkRe lEeku ns'k vkSj fons'k esa bafnjk xka/kh dks ,d l'kDr usrk ds :i esa ds vuq:i gh Jhefr xka/kh dks gj izdkj dk lg;ksx iznku izfrf"Br fd;kA ns'k esa ,oa dkaxzsl esa mudk jktuSfrd dn cgqr djsaxsA Jherh xka/kh us Hkh lnu dks vk'oklu fn;k fd os vius Å¡pk mB x;kA bl fot; us bafnjk xka/kh dk vkRefo'okl rks iwoZ ds jk"Vªk/;{kksa ds vuqdwy gh Hkkjr dh izxfr vkSj xkSjo ds c<+k;k gh mudh vf/kuk;doknh o`fr dks Hkh cy'kkyh cuk fn;kA fy, vius in dk mi;ksx djsaxhA ;g LokHkkfod Hkh FkkA fdlku vius [ksrksa esa Qlyksa ds fy, [kkn dkaxzsl ds v/;{k in ds :i esa dkejkt dk yEck ikuh nsrk gS fdUrq mlls [kjirokj Hkh ygygk mBrs gSaA 'kkludky dkaxzsl esa loZlEefr vkSj larqyu dks lk/krs gq, vkxs bafnjkth us lÙkk ds en esa vius fu.kZ;ksa dks ns'k ij Fkksius ds c<+us dk jgkA ykycgknqj 'kkL=hth ds 'kkludky esa mudk fy, vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk 25@26 twu 1975 dh jkr esa dj vkSj 'kkL=h;th dk lEcU/k lkSgknZiw.kZ vkSj lg;ksxkRed jgk] MkyhA dgk tkrk gS fd bafnjkth ds bl fu.kZ; us iztkra= esa ;|fi lef"Vokph ;k lkewfgd usr`Ro dh mudh pkg loZnk vuU; ,oa vVy fu"Bk j[kus okys dkaxzsl ds misf{kr usrk lekn`r ugha gqbZA os ljdkj ds jkstejkZ ds fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor dkejkt dks Hkhrj ls rksM+ MkykA muds eq[k ls ,d ph[k fudy djus ds fcydqy i{k/kj ugha Fks fdarq mudh bPNk lnk ;g jgh iM+hA ikspw byes ikspwA ;kuh gj pht pyh xbZA vc dqN ugha fd ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa ds lEcU/k esa ,d O;kid ppkZ ,oa cgl cpkA ftl O;fDr dks thou esa dHkh lnhZ tqdke ugha gqvk Fkk dkaxzsl ofd±x dfeVh es gksA ysfdu ,slk ugha gks ldkA ljdkj og vpkud chekj iM+ x;kA 2 vDVwcj] 1975 dks gh tc mudh ds dqN fu.kZ;ksa esa vfr'kh?kzrk Fkh rks ofd±x dfeVh dh cglsa Hkh vkRek ekal&peZ&vfLFk&fiatj dks NksM+dj vej ;k=k ds fy, /khjs /khjs lrgh gksrh pyh x;haA Jherh xka/kh ds dk;Zdky esa rks izLFkku dj x;h rks muds o"kks± ds O;fDrxr lfpo oSjkou us ;gh lkjh 'kfDr ljdkj esa gh dsfUnzr gks x;h vkSj v/;{k dk in dgk Fkk & okLro esa mudh vkRek rks mlh fnu ej x;h ftl ijeq[kkis{kh gks x;kA fnu vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ FkhA e`R;q ds {k.k Hkh mudk eu iz/kkuea=h ds :i esa bafnjk xka/kh dk çkjafHkd dk;Zdky vius mu iqjkus dkaxzsl ds lkfFk;ksa dh fpUrk esa dqN djrs gq, [khapkrkuh Hkjk jgkA eksjkjth nslkbZ us foÙk ea=ky; dk dk;ZHkkj chrk ftUgksaus dHkh dkaxzsl ds jk"Vª fuekZ.k dh ;kstukvksa esa vius ekuks Lora= :i ls pykus dh dksf'k'k dhA bafnjk xka/kh bl ?kj ckj dks NksM+k FkkA i)fr ls izlUu ugha FkhA 1969 esa tc bafnjk th us cSadksa dk bfrgkldkjksa ,oa ns'kokfl;ksa ds fy, mudh e`R;q ,d thou jk"Vªh;dj.k djuk pkgk rc eksjkjth ml fu.kZ; ds fojks/k esa mB ys[k NksM+ x;h & lkewfgd usr`Ro] loZlEefr gh iztkrkaf=d [kM+s gq,A bl la?k"kZ dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd bafnjkth us O;oLFkk dh jh<+ gSA Hkkjr ds xjhcre O;fDr dh lsok gh eksjkjth dks dSfcusV ls ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk;kA dkejkt ds jk"VªHkfDr gS vkSj jktuhfr dk mís'; HkhA fy, ;g fpUrk dk fo"k; cukA mudk efLr"d bafnjk xka/kh ds & jktkuqt flag lkFk Fkk vkSj ân; flafMdsV ds muds iqjkus lkfFk;ksa ds lkFkA

[48] SCHOLASTIK WORLD

SECTION OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY A Study on The Contribution of Experimental Education in The Development of The Education of The Child

xperimental education is a new entrant in the field psychology. It not only investigates into psychological of experimental sciences. Previously, it was problems but also deals with educational problems and Eregarded as a branch of Experimental Psychology. suggests solutions to it. It is now in a position to start an Though Experimental Education is based on the independent life and has also devised instruments to deal foundation of Psychology but now considered as a with pedagogy. separate discipline. It even dictates problems to The traditional system of education was not al all psychology and also deals with educational problems and scientific : its principles and conclusions were not relied suggests solutions to it. It has also devised instruments to upon experiments. Even methods of teaching were not deal with pedagogy. Experimental education is an subjected to experimental investigation. As a result it only experimental subject dealing with these facts of education uphold roto-learning. Knowledge was not gained through which are brought under the perview of investigation and experiments and innovations. useful to the class-room-situations. Experimental Scientific method on the other hand presents findings education has adopted scientific methods like Physics, in quantitative and qualitative terms. Infinitive and Chemistry etc. But exactness is not ensured in inductive methods of investigation are adopted and all the experimental education. But still it is a science as Karl principles are verified through experimentation. Pearson holds that criterion of science is not the subject Experimental education is an experimental subject matter and the method of investigation used. But dealing with those facts of education which are brought experimentation is not the most important factor of under the perview of investigations and useful to class- scientific method. Predictability is the ultimate test of room-situations in solving problems encountered by the scientific discovery. Experimental Education does not teachers in everyday life. It is not an applied psychology possess 100% predictability like other sciences because of but allied to other social services. complexities in behaviour patterns of children. But this Experimental education has adopted scientific very prediction on the basis of experiment is much better method. Subjects like physics, chemistry are regarded as than mere conjecture. science as they involve laboratory work, rigid laws, exact Experimental Education has adopted a method of measurements etc. This exactness is not possible in standardisation and brought problems of education under experimental education but still it is a science in the sense investigation to develop a general truth. The experimental as Karl Pearson holds the view that criterion of science is education is closely related to child psychology. Physical not the subject matter and the method of investigation and mental development of the child along with the used. If a scientific method is used, it can be considered as discovery of means to measure such development etc. science. comes under the scope of Experimental Education. This is Scientific method is the procedure adopted to answer also closely related to Sociology. If school is a purified, to various queries and solving problems. It is to be found better-balanced and simplified society, then technique of out what other attempts have been made in the line of sociology should be studied by experimental education. investigation and why they have failed. On the basis of this All problems of education can not be solved by knowledge a hypothesis is developed and followed by experiments. Though all objectives of education should experimentation. "But experimentation education does not come under experiments, still it is noted that thought is possess 100% predictability as other sciences because of advanced even without the end of experiment. complexities in behaviour patterns of children. But this Thus in the light of the findings it may be concluded very prediction on the basis of experimentation is better that experimental education has contributed a lot in the than mere conjuncture." development of the education of the child. Another pre-requisite of experimentation is Experimental Education is a new entrant in the filed of standardisation which helps psychology to be developed experimental sciences. Previously it was regarded as a from speculative science to actual science. Experimental branch of Experimental Psychology. It took results from education also has adopted a method of standardisation Psychology and applied them to class-room-situations. and brought problems of education under investigation to Though Experimental Education is based on the develop a generalised truth. foundation of psychology but now it is considered as a The experimental education is closely related to child separate discipline. It even dictates problems to psychology as child psychology studies the behaviour

[49] SCHOLASTIK WORLD pattern if the child from infancy to boyhood. It studies the Continued from page 41 physical, mental, social and language development of the child and problem in school education in connection with GFP BUNNY these developments of education is growth, adjustment The creation of transgenic life forms has proven to be development of the child, then child psychology is closely the most controversial type of bio-art. A transgenic related to education. Studies of individual child has been organism is one that has had foreign DNA (from another made by Piaget, Wearbern etc. animal, bacteria, fungus or virus) inserted into its genome. The subject of experimental education includes : Therefore, the alterations of these interspecies 'collages' i) Physical and mental development of the child. ii) Discovery of means to measure such development. are permanent and inheritable. In 2000, the Brazilian- iii) Finding of sensory acquity and discrimination. American artist Eduardo Kac collaborated with the artist iv) Various studies on memories, imagery, individual Louis Bee and two scientists, Louis-Marie Houdebine and differences. Patrick Prunet to create a cross-species rabbit called Alba, Intelligence and limitations of mental ability which as part of GFP Bunny (where GFP is green fluorescent limits education, economy of learning, influence of school protein). By experimenting with a rabbit, a typical family atmosphere on the mental development of the child - all pet as well as laboratory animal, Kac deliberately come under the scope of both child and psychology and provoked dialogues about the use of animals in science and experimental education. Thus there is a close relation about the selective breeding of domestic pets. Indeed, Kac between child psychology and experimental education. is clear that the creation of Alba was just one part of the Experimental education is also related to sociology. Sociology is the science of the society, social institution, artwork, with another based on the public debate raised by structure of groups, processes of social interaction. If 'her' existence. school is a purified, better-balanced and simplified society, then technique of sociology should be studied by CONCLUSION experimental education. Sir Percy Nuon also accepted Even though, the directive of bio-art is not to eliminate school as a society. The school must reflect all conditions fear, but possibly to offer a means by which both visionary of social life. But it is artificial in the sense that all that is and objective ideas concerning life, nature and design can good for the child is to be reflected in and through schools. be explored and expressed. Projects like Disembodied This method has some limitations. All the problems of Cuisine aim to reduce the suffering of animals that education can not be solved by experiments. Social industrialized meat production causes. considerations are there. But as John Dewey said that all objectives of education must come under experiments. But Animal rights groups accused Kac and others of using still it is noted that thought is advanced even without the animals unfairly for their own personal gain. However, end of experiment-leading to the conclusion that many BIO-ART projects deal with the manipulation of experimental education has contributed a lot in the cells and not whole organisms, such as Victimless Leather. development of the education of the child. These projects were developed precisely to highlight and - Dr. Shaligram Shukla problematise our relationship to non-human animals and M.Sc., M.Ed., LL.B., Ph.D. (Retd.) the use of animal products in scientific processes. Like Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics Umesh Chandra College, Calcutta University (W.B.) other sciences, BIO-ART also has its pros and cones, but how we use it for the welfare of human kind without Answer to Quiz deteriorating other life forms is an important aspect to be thought upon. With the practical issues and the reaction of 1. Narendra Damodardas Modi 2. Scotland 3. Egypt critics and the public, it's unlikely that the Victimless 4. Rose 5. Karnam Malleswari 6. 1901 7. 60 years Leather jacket will appear in stores anytime soon (if ever). 8. Both are correct 9. Russia 10. Allahabad 11. A However, the idea of using tissue engineering to grow consumer goods, be it leather or another material, could be Register 12. B.R. Ambedkar 13. 49 KM 14. Canada the next frontier of biotech companies sooner than we 15. South Pole 16. The most valuable stocks in the might think. stock market 17. The study of law making or scientific laws 18. Diet 19. 1606 20. 1974 - Sangeeta Sharma

21. Lucknow 22. Albert Einstein 23. Vasco da Re-printed from Everyman's Science Magazine (Vol. XLVIII No.6, Gama 24. Norway 25. John Shepherd Barron Feb-Mar, 2014) for the benefit of our readers.

[50] SCHOLASTIK WORLD

dfork PICTURE QUIZ OF THE QUARTER xhrk & thou /keZ Can you identify this picture ? xhrk gS n`f"V] æ"Vk] xhrk gS n'kZu xhrk gS lR; dh xgu vUos"k.k Send your answer to xhrk gS HkfDr esa lEiw.kZ leiZ.k SCHOLASTIK WORLD. thou esa yM+us dh vUrghu iuA

xhrk gS lalkj dh lkj dgkuh xhrk gS çHkq dh dkyt;h ok.kh xhrk gS ekuo dks Js"B migkj xhrk gS thou dh etcqr vk/kkjA xhrk gS xq:&f'k"; ds chp laokn xhrk gS ekuoh; eqY; dh ckr f'k"; us xq: dks ckj&ckj my>k;k xq: us lkjs ç'u /kS;Z ls lqy>k;kA

xq: us jgL; dks /khjs&/khjs [kksyk xksiu dks mtkys esa ykdj cksyk igys ls lcdqN fd;k gqvk r; rq dsoy viuh cuk;s j[k y;A thou gS la?k"kZ] thou gS vkuUn thou gS pyk;eku jgL; esa cUn lalkj gS deZ Hkwfe] thou gS deZ] deZ ls tqM+k gS lR;] U;k; vkSj /keZA Attractive prize to the first entry received xhrk gS deZ {ks= dh lfp= o.kZu thou&tfVyrk dh LoPN niZ.k Entries may be sent by mail to : xhrk us lR; dks fd;k mtkxj xhrk gS Kku dh vuUr lkxjA The Editor SCHOLASTIK WORLD, xhrk gS vkReKku] xhrk gS çdk'k 234, Janata Parikh College Road, xhrk gS vkRecy] izk.kksa dh 'okl Near Tarapore Flats, New Baradwari, vuqHko ls xhrk gksrk gS çrhr Jamshedpur-831001 xhrk gS vkRe izse dh e/kqj laxhrA or by e-mail, by writing PIC QUIZ in the xhrk gS fo'kky oV o`{k dh Nk¡o subject line to xhrk gS vkRek dks

^R;kx* gS xhrk dh ewy ea=A Correct answers of PIC QUIZ of April 2014 and xhrk gS lalkj dh egku xzUFkAA & Jht; ?kks"k the current issue will be published in our next edition.

[51] SCHOLASTIK WORLD

PICTURE PERFECT

Photograph'Lake by Sushanof RaySerenity' Pune, Maharashtra

Photo of Umiam Lake in Shillong, Meghalaya. It was created by damming the Umiam river in the early 1960s and is located in the hills 15 km to the North of Shillong.

Readers are requested to contribute their travel photos, taken anywhere in India with a perfect heading and some details about it. You may send your entries by post / courier or by e-mail. Published snap will be awarded with a token gift from us - Ed.

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Publisher, Printer & Editor - Mr. Krishna Mohan Prasad on behalf of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Educational & Cultural Trust (Owner), Printed at Patneswari Enterprises, D.N. Das Lane, Near Ajay Bhawan, Bangali Akhara Road, Langertoli, Patna-800004, Ph. : 9304167179, Published for Ambedkar Institute of Management & Technology, Zone No.-1B, Sadhudera, Hurlung Road, Birsanagar, P.O. & P.S. - Birsanagar, Jamshedpur-831004, Ph. : 0657-3290472.