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Framework for Assessing the Susceptibility of Management Areas to Deer Impacts
Framework for assessing the susceptibility of management areas to deer impacts SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 213 D.M. Forsyth, D.A. Coomes, G. Nugent Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. Titles are listed in the DOC Science Publishing catalogue on the departmental website http:// www.doc.govt.nz and printed copies can be purchased from [email protected] © Copyright January 2003, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1173–2946 ISBN 0–478–22347–1 This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing by Geoff Gregory and layout by Ruth Munro. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Sources of information 6 2.1 Ecology and impacts of deer: theoretical and empirical models 6 2.2 Diet preferences 6 2.3 Forest types most affected by deer 7 2.4 Guidelines for deer management 8 3. Main findings 9 3.1 Ecology of deer in New Zealand 9 3.2 Mathematical and conceptual models of plant–ungulate interactions 10 3.2.1 Density-dependence of animal populations 10 3.2.2 Annual variation in food availability 11 3.2.3 Annual -
Aviation & Marine Engineers Association
AVIATION & MARINE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION Newsletter - March 2015 But look back at what we have given away over AMEA CONFERENCE the years. We work up to 50 hour weeks, for instance. The employer is motivated while we The AMEA Biannual Conference was held on sleep. We gave up the unionised workplace and 05-06 November 2014 in Auckland. Fifty AMEA are now being channelled into not standing union representatives attended. up for ourselves and opposing the employer. The same conditions, the same arguments as The following commentary is provided by John existed in the 1800’s are still here, society is Fraser who is the Chairman of the Maritime Stan Renwick just more sophisticated now. We have to get Division and Executive member. He is employed political. We need to stand up and be counted when new legislation by Interislander on the Cook Strait ferries. John Fraser threatens things such as rest breaks instead of watching it happen DAY ONE: and whingeing. This legislation is a testing of the waters. There is more to come. Lively debate broke out which lasted until it threatened the First on the agenda after the preliminary ice-breaking was the celebrity Conference tea break, and was concluded. speaker Ken Johnson who took us through AMEA’s history as its membership responded to the shifting political landscape. Unions have Next up was Alison Maelzer from Hesketh been demonised by politicians, he asserted. The Labour Relations Act in Henry, solicitors to the gentry, who took us 1987 required that a union had to have a membership of at least 1000 through the Health and Safety Amendment to be recognised, and the Employment Contracts Act of 1991 raised Bill. -
Nzbotsoc No 107 March 2012
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 107 March 2012 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Anthony Wright Secretary/Treasurer: Ewen Cameron Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8013 Subscriptions The 2012 ordinary and institutional subscriptions are $25 (reduced to $18 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 2012 student subscription, available to full-time students, is $12 (reduced to $9 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $7.00 each. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28 February each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next years subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the June 2012 issue is 25 May 2012. Please post contributions to: Lara Shepherd Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467 Wellington Send email contributions to [email protected]. Files are preferably in MS Word, as an open text document (Open Office document with suffix “.odt”) or saved as RTF or ASCII. Macintosh files can also be accepted. Graphics can be sent as TIF JPG, or BMP files; please do not embed images into documents. -
Eastern Takaka Hills and High Terraces Plant Lists
EASTERN TAKAKA HILLS & HIGH TERRACES ECOSYSTEM NATIVE PLANT RESTORATION LIST Hills, valleys and high terraces regularly scattered from Tarakohe southwards to East Takaka and extending westward to Motupipi Hill and Black Birch Hill north-west of Locality: Takaka township. Backed in the east by the steep marble and granite of slopes the Pikikiruna Range. Scattered outliers also on west side of Takaka River from Hamama to Upper Takaka. Discrete areas of low relief, rolling to moderately steep hill country up to 130m high near the coast and 200m high furthest inland at Upper Takaka. Topography: Hill slopes often capped with high terraces, especially at East Takaka. Terraces trending and gently dipping to the north-west. Hills drained by incised, low-volume, low to moderate-gradient streams. Hill country and terrace side-slopes comprising mudstones and calcareous siltstones, or quartz sandstones and conglomerates with thin coal seams. Underlying moderately to strongly leached sandy, silty and clayey loams of low to medium fertility. Soils often Soils and eroded. Usually adjoining areas of limestone. Terraces comprise soils of moderately Geology: strongly leached, low fertility sandy loams and loess overlying weathered, coarse outwash gravels especially of gabbro, marble. A thin iron pan has resulted in impeded drainage and soil gleying. High sunshine hours; frosts mild to moderate; mild annual temperatures and warm Climate: summers. Rainfall 1500mm at the coast to 2400mm inland. Droughts infrequent. Coastal Mostly confined to Motupipi Hill, but also hills between Tarakohe and Clifton up to ½ km influence: inland. Hill slopes dominated by rimu, hard beech, black beech, tītoki and northern rātā on drier ridges and slopes, with kāhikatea, pukatea, nikau and mixed broadleaved species in Original gullies. -
The Discursive Construction of Cultural Diversity by the Flag Consideration Panel
Flagging diversity: The discursive construction of cultural diversity by the Flag Consideration Panel Taylor Annabell, Auckland University of Technology, [email protected] Angelique Nairn, Auckland University of Technology, [email protected] Abstract The Flag Consideration Project invited New Zealanders to change the New Zealand flag, and in doing so provided an opportunity for public discussion about what it means to belong to a nation. This article examines the contemporary conceptualisations of New Zealand offered in the 5 Alternatives text that accompanied the first flag consideration referendum. Given the increasing levels of cultural diversity and the historical difficulty faced in ensuring that multiple cultures contribute to the construction of New Zealand, the analysis focuses on constructions of cultural diversity. We used Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis to consider ideologies of nationhood prevalent in the text; in particular, we were interested in insights pertaining to bicultural and multicultural constructions of New Zealand. As it happens, the attempts made by the Flag Participation Panel to construct cultural diversity through asserting that New Zealand is inclusive and multicultural, and by referring to Māori culture as well as Chinese. On a surface level, it appears that the constructions address the limitations attached to the current flag, and specifically its Pākehā symbolism. However, the language used by the Panel indicates a continued reliance on a Pākehā perspective of New Zealand and the positioning of Māori as outside the mainstream. Therefore, although the text may have attempted to emphasise commonality and unity regardless of cultural affiliations, it inevitably tokenises cultural difference and offers a seemingly shallow notion of New Zealand as inclusive. -
Tmesipteris Tannensis
Tmesipteris tannensis COMMON NAME Fork Fern SYNONYMS Lycopodium tannense Spreng.; Tmesipteris fowerakeri H.N.Barber, Tmesipteris forsteri sensu A.Cunn. nom. inv., FAMILY Psilotaceae AUTHORITY Tmesipteris tannensis (Spreng.) Bernh. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes Tararua Forest Park. June 2005. Photographer: ENDEMIC GENUS Jeremy Rolfe No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Ferns NVS CODE TMETAN CHROMOSOME NUMBER Tararua Forest Park. June 2005. Photographer: 2n = 208 Jeremy Rolfe CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened DISTRIBUTION Endemic. New Zealand, North, South, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands. HABITAT Coastal to subalpine.Terrestrial or epiphytic on a wide range of hosts and often sympatric with Tmesipteris elongata (less frequently with T. lanceolata and T. sigmatifolia). Less common in coastal and lowland areas in the far north where it is mostly known from higher altitude forest. However, steadily becoming more common from about Whangarei south. FEATURES Rhizome: dichotomously branched, brittle, 2.0-3.5 mm diameter. Aerial shoot: developing over one to many years, but eventually terminating in a small appendage 0.1-0.5× the length of the largest leaves, simple, erect, suberect, or pendulous, 50-1200 mm long, triangular in cross-section, leaves and sporophylls spirally arranged. Leaves coriaceous, brittle, one surface deep glossy green, occasionally with a few stomata towards the far end, other surface dull green covered with stomata; shape variable often on same shoot, oblong, lanceolate, falcate, or ovate, 6-30 mm long × 2.5-9.0 mm broad; apex of leaf very variable often on the same plant, acute, obtuse to truncate, mucronate; mucro 1-2 mm long. -
Past Attempts to Change New Zealand's Flag
Past Attempts to Change New Zealand’s Flag PROCEEDINGS John Moody Secretary, New Zealand Flag Association In this paper I will give you a brief history of the New The Following Reasons Have Zealand Flag, Been Given to Support Changing a. Reasons for wanting to change it. New Zealand’s Flag b. Reasons for wanting to retain it. c. Past attempts to change it. a. The current New Zealand Flag is too colonial and d. The current situation. gives the impression that New Zealand is still a British e. What the flag may be changed to. colony and not an independent nation. f. Concluding by drawing all the above points b. The current flag of New Zealand is too similar to the together. Australian flag, often creating to unnecessary confu- sion. Brief Background to the Flag c. The New Zealand Flag does not adequately repre- The New Zealand Flag that came into being with the sent the multi-cultural nature of modern day New Ensign Act of 1902, in clause 2 of this act the flag was Zealand. described as follow - “The New Zealand Ensign shall be the Blue ensign of Reasons For Retaining The Flag the Royal Naval Reserve, having on the fly thereof the a. The New Zealand Flag reflects the strong ties between Southern Cross, as represented by 4, five pointed Red the United Kingdom and New Zealand. stars with White borders.” b. There have been no viable, attractive alternative flags NB. Reference to the Blue ensign of the Royal Navel put forward to replace New Zealand’s current flag. -
International Journal of Current Research In
Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2017; 5(3): 80-85 International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review ISSN: 2347-3215 (Online) ҉҉ Volume 5 ҉҉ Number 3 (March-2017) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcrar.com doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2017.503.012 General Aspects of Pteridophyta – A Review Teena Agrawal*, Priyanka Danai and Monika Yadav Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding author Abstract Article Info Pteridophyta is a phylum of plants which is commonly known as ferns. About more Accepted: 28 February 2017 than 12,000 different species of ferns are distributed worldwide. They are distinguished Available Online: 10 March 2017 from flowering plants by not producing seeds & fruit. The members of Pteridophyta reproduce through spores. Ferns were some of the Earth‟s first land plants. They are Keywords vascular and have true leaves. In evolutionary history, the advent of vascular plants changed the way the world looked. Prior to the spread of vascular plants, the land had Pteridophyta, Ferns, only plants that were no more than a few centimeters tall; the origin of the vascular Vascular plants, system made it possible for plants to be much taller. As it became possible for plants to Evolutionary history. grow taller, it also became necessary – otherwise, they would get shaded by their taller neighbors. With the advent of vascular plants, the competition for light became intense, and forests started to cover the earth. (A forest is simply a crowd of plants competing for light). The earliest forests were composed of vascular non-seed plant, though modern forests are dominant by seed plant. -
Flora Surveys Introduction Survey Method Results
Hamish Saunders Memorial Island Survey Program 2009 45 Flora Surveys The most studied island is Sarah Results Island. This island has had several Introduction plans developed that have A total of 122 vascular flora included flora surveys but have species from 56 families were There have been few flora focused on the historical value of recorded across the islands surveys undertaken in the the island. The NVA holds some surveyed. The species are Macquarie Harbour area. Data on observations but the species list comprised of 50 higher plants the Natural Values Atlas (NVA) is not as comprehensive as that (7 monocots and 44 dicots) shows that observations for given in the plans. The Sarah and 13 lower plants. Of the this area are sourced from the Island Visitor Services Site Plan species recorded 14 are endemic Herbarium, projects undertaken (2006) cites a survey undertaken to Australia; 1 occurs only in by DPIPWE (or its predecessors) by Walsh (1992). The species Tasmania. Eighteen species are such as the Huon Pine Survey recorded for Sarah Island have considered to be primitive. There and the Millennium Seed Bank been added to some of the tables were 24 introduced species found Collection project. Other data in this report. with 9 of these being listed weeds. has been added to the NVA as One orchid species was found part of composite data sets such Survey Method that was not known to occur in as Tasforhab and wetforest data the south west of the state and the sources of which are not Botanical surveys were this discovery has considerably easily traceable. -
Biogeography of the Monocotyledon Astelioid Clade (Asparagales): a History of Long-Distance Dispersal and Diversification with Emerging Habitats
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats Birch, Joanne L ; Kocyan, Alexander Abstract: The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanari- aceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in ’BioGeoBEARS’ applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diver- sification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures [BAMM]. Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior densities interval 61.0-90.0 million years) with an inferred Eastern Gondwanan origin. However, aste- lioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings. -
Rugis, J.: a Native Fern Survey Report
Wairua Lodge Coromandel Peninsula 28/01/09 Ferns and Fern Allies Adiantum cunninghamii Asplenium bulbiferum Asplenium laccidum Asplenium polyodon Blechnum chambersii Blechnum filiforme Blechnum fluviatile Blechnum fraseri Blechnum novae-zelandiae Cardiomanes reniforme Cyathea dealbata Cyathea medullaris Dicksonia squarrosa Hymenophyllum demissum Hymenophyllum dilatatum Hymenophyllum flabellatum Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum Lastreopsis hispida Leptopteris hymenophylloides Loxsoma cunninghamii Lycopodium cernuum Lycopodium volubile Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum scandens Paesia scaberula Pneumatopteris pennigera Pyrrosia eleagnifolia Rumohra adiantiformis Sticherus cunninghamii Tmesipteris lanceolata Tmesipteris tannensis Trichomanes elongatum List compiled by John & Anna Rugis. Photography copyright 2009 J. Rugis. Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum This filmy fern grows as an epiphyte on the trunks of trees ferns. In dry weather it characteristically protects itself by curling up, waiting for a rain shower and re-hydration. The height range of the plants shown in this image is approximately 3-4cm. Sticherus cunninghamii Sticherus, commonly known as 'umbrella fern', can be found on exposed clay banks. Loxsoma cunninghamii The genus Loxsoma contains only this single species, native to New Zealand and nowhere else. This rare fern is now largely confined to central Coromandel. Older yellow fronds co-exist with several shades of younger green fronds. Loxsoma is usually found on stream banks. Loxsoma cunninghamii The spore bearing capsules are tubular and located on the underside of the fronds. As can be seen in this image, fully extended spent capsules are found on older fronds. Loxsoma cunninghamii The underside of younger fronds is distinctively white colored. In this image we see the spore capsules at a stage in their development when they are just beginning to eject spore.