Title Evolutionary History of a Global Invasive Ant, Paratrechina

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Title Evolutionary History of a Global Invasive Ant, Paratrechina Evolutionary history of a global invasive ant, Paratrechina Title longicornis( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Tseng, Shu-Ping Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2020-03-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k22480 許諾条件により本文は2021-02-01に公開; 1. Tseng, Shu- Ping, et al. "Genetic diversity and Wolbachia infection patterns in a globally distributed invasive ant." Frontiers in genetics 10 (2019): 838. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00838 (The final publication is available at Frontier in genetics via https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00838/f ull) 2. Tseng, Shu-Ping, et al. "Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for a globally distributed invasive Right ant Paratrechina longicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." European Journal of Entomology 116 (2019): 253-257. doi: 10.14411/eje.2019.029 (The final publication is available at European Journal of Entomology via https://www.eje.cz/artkey/eje-201901- 0029_isolation_and_characterization_of_novel_microsatellite_ markers_for_a_globally_distributed_invasive_ant_paratrec.php ) Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University Evolutionary history of a global invasive ant, Paratrechina longicornis Shu-Ping Tseng 2020 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Invasion history of Paratrechina longicornis is largely unknown ............... 1 1.2 Wolbachia infection in Paratrechina longicornis ......................................... 2 1.3 Unique reproduction mode in Paratrechina longicornis .............................. 3 1.4 References ..................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 Novel microsatellite markers for the Paratrechina longicornis: a new set of molecular tool for inferring the invasion history of this globally distributed invasive ant ................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Material and methods .................................................................................... 9 2.3 Results ......................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 15 2.5 References ................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3 Genetic diversity and Wolbachia infection patterns in Paratrechina longicornis .................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 19 3.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................ 21 3.3 Results ......................................................................................................... 26 3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 37 3.5 References ................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 4 Phylogenetic evidence for horizontal transmission of Wolbachia among ants and ant crickets .................................................................................... 49 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 50 4.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................ 51 4.3 Results ......................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 61 4.5 References ................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 5 Reproductive system and patterns of spread of Paratrechina longicornis . 66 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 67 5.2 Material and methods .................................................................................. 69 5.3 Preliminary Results and Discussion............................................................ 71 5.4 References ................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 6 Conclusions ................................................................................................. 81 Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................... 82 Appendix 1. .................................................................................................................. 84 I Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................... 96 Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................... 97 Appendix 4 . ................................................................................................................. 98 Appendix 5. .................................................................................................................. 99 Appendix 6 ................................................................................................................. 101 Appendix 7 ................................................................................................................. 103 Appendix 8. ................................................................................................................ 104 Appendix 9. ................................................................................................................ 106 Appendix 10 ............................................................................................................... 107 Appendix 11 ............................................................................................................... 108 Appendix 12 ............................................................................................................... 109 Appendix 13 ............................................................................................................... 118 Appendix 14. .............................................................................................................. 123 II List of Figures Figure 1.1 Clonal reproduction in queens and males of P. longicornis. This figure was adopted from Pearcy et al. (2011). Maternal (light) and paternal (dark) chromosomes are displayed. Contribution to the genome of the offspring is indicated by arrows (dashed arrow represents the mother laying haploid eggs with no actual contribution to the genome) .................................................................. 4 Figure 3.1 Regional mitochondrial genetic diversity of Paratrechina longicornis as expressed by (A) haplotype diversity and (B) nucleotide diversity with respect to their Wolbachia infection status. wLonA+, wLonA-, wLonF+, and wLonF- denote wLonA-infected, wLonA-uninfected, wLonF-infected, and wLonF-uninfected ants in a given region, respectively. Sample size of each region is indicated in parentheses. ........................................................................................................ 26 Figure 3.2 The 50% majority rule consensus tree for all sampled Paratrechina longicornis, inferred by Bayesian analysis. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probability calculated by MrBayes. Refer to Table S1 for respective geographic information of each haplotype. ....................................... 27 Figure 3.3 Distribution of all mitochondrial haplogroups in the study regions. Haplogroups are denoted by colors: Clade I (blue), Clade II-1 (orange), Clade II- 2 (red), and Clade II-3 (pink). ............................................................................ 28 Figure 3.4 Haplotype networks of the mitochondrial genes. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of sequences per haplotype. Colors correspond to geographic regions. ............................................................................................................... 29 Figure 3.5 ClonalFrame genealogy of 5-locus MLST data in GenBank for Wolbachia. The two Wolbachia strains detected in this study are marked in green (wLonA) and red (wLonF). Information regarding host and Wolbachia supergroup is obtained from PubMLST database. .................................................................... 30 Figure 3.6 Geographic distribution of Wolbachia infection of Paratrechina longicornis in the study regions. Different colors represent different infection status: wLonA infected (green), wLonF infected (red), wLonA and wLonF co-infection (black), and uninfection (white) individuals. Pie charts show the prevelance of each Wolbachia strain in each geographic region. Sample sizes are shown in parentheses ......................................................................................................... 31 Figure 3.7 Simulated ancestral states of Wolbachia infection in Paratrechina longicornis inferred by BayesTraits. For each haplotype, pie charts following the haplotype name indicate
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