CPU Benchmarks - List of Benchmarked Cpus
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Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and Libvirt
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and libvirt Kashyap Chamarthy <[email protected]> Open Source Summit Edinburgh, 2018 1 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (a) Jan 03 • Spectre v1: Bounds Check Bypass Jan 03 • Spectre v2: Branch Target Injection Jan 03 • Meltdown: Rogue Data Cache Load May 21 • Spectre-NG: Speculative Store Bypass Jun 21 • TLBleed: Side-channel attack over shared TLBs 2 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (b) Jun 29 • NetSpectre: Side-channel attack over local network Jul 10 • Spectre-NG: Bounds Check Bypass Store Aug 14 • L1TF: "L1 Terminal Fault" ... • ? 3 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications What this talk is not about 4 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications 4 / 38 What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications Related talks in the ‘References’ section 4 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Custom Disk1 Disk2 Appliance ioctl() KVM-based virtualization components Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 libguestfs (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components OpenStack, et al. -
AMD EPYC™ 7371 Processors Accelerating HPC Innovation
AMD EPYC™ 7371 Processors Solution Brief Accelerating HPC Innovation March, 2019 AMD EPYC 7371 processors (16 core, 3.1GHz): Exceptional Memory Bandwidth AMD EPYC server processors deliver 8 channels of memory with support for up The right choice for HPC to 2TB of memory per processor. Designed from the ground up for a new generation of solutions, AMD EPYC™ 7371 processors (16 core, 3.1GHz) implement a philosophy of Standards Based AMD is committed to industry standards, choice without compromise. The AMD EPYC 7371 processor delivers offering you a choice in x86 processors outstanding frequency for applications sensitive to per-core with design innovations that target the performance such as those licensed on a per-core basis. evolving needs of modern datacenters. No Compromise Product Line Compute requirements are increasing, datacenter space is not. AMD EPYC server processors offer up to 32 cores and a consistent feature set across all processor models. Power HPC Workloads Tackle HPC workloads with leading performance and expandability. AMD EPYC 7371 processors are an excellent option when license costs Accelerate your workloads with up to dominate the overall solution cost. In these scenarios the performance- 33% more PCI Express® Gen 3 lanes. per-dollar of the overall solution is usually best with a CPU that can Optimize Productivity provide excellent per-core performance. Increase productivity with tools, resources, and communities to help you “code faster, faster code.” Boost AMD EPYC processors’ innovative architecture translates to tremendous application performance with Software performance. More importantly, the performance you’re paying for can Optimization Guides and Performance be matched to the appropriate to the performance you need. -
5G: Perspectives from a Chipmaker 5G Electronic Workshop, LETI Innovation Days – June 2019
5G: Perspectives from a Chipmaker 5G electronic workshop, LETI Innovation Days – June 2019 Guillaume Vivier Sequans communications 1 ©2019 Sequans Communications |5G: Perspective from a chip maker – June 2019 MKT-FM-002-R15 Outline • Context, background, market • 5G chipmaker: process technology thoughts and challenges • Conclusion 2 ©2019 Sequans Communications |5G: Perspective from a chip maker – June 2019 5G overall landscape • 3GPP standardization started in Sep 2015 – 5G is wider than RAN (includes new core) – Rel. 15 completed in Dec 2018. ASN1 freeze for 4G-5G migration options in June 19 – Rel. 16 on-going, to be completed in Dec 2019 (June 2020) • Trials and more into 201 operators, 80+ countries (source GSA) • Commercial deployments announced in – Korea, USA, China, Australia, UAE 3 ©2019 Sequans Communications |5G: Perspective from a chip maker – June 2019 Ericsson Mobility Report Nov 2018 • “In 2024, we project that 5G will reach 40 percent population coverage and 1.5 billion subscriptions“ • Interestingly, the report highlights the fact that IoT will continue to grow, beyond LWPA, leveraging higher capability of LTE and 5G 4 ©2019 Sequans Communications |5G: Perspective from a chip maker – June 2019 5G overall landscape • eMBB: smartphone and FWA market – Main focus so far from the ecosystem • URLLC: the next wave – Verticals: Industry 4.0, gaming, media Private LTE/5G deployment, … – V2X and connected car • mMTC: – LPWA type of communication is served by cat-M and NB-IoT – 5G opens the door to new IoT cases not served by LPWA, • Example surveillance camera with image processing on the device • Flexibility is key – From Network side, NVF, SDN, Slicing, etc. -
Evaluation of AMD EPYC
Evaluation of AMD EPYC Chris Hollowell <[email protected]> HEPiX Fall 2018, PIC Spain What is EPYC? EPYC is a new line of x86_64 server CPUs from AMD based on their Zen microarchitecture Same microarchitecture used in their Ryzen desktop processors Released June 2017 First new high performance series of server CPUs offered by AMD since 2012 Last were Piledriver-based Opterons Steamroller Opteron products cancelled AMD had focused on low power server CPUs instead x86_64 Jaguar APUs ARM-based Opteron A CPUs Many vendors are now offering EPYC-based servers, including Dell, HP and Supermicro 2 How Does EPYC Differ From Skylake-SP? Intel’s Skylake-SP Xeon x86_64 server CPU line also released in 2017 Both Skylake-SP and EPYC CPU dies manufactured using 14 nm process Skylake-SP introduced AVX512 vector instruction support in Xeon AVX512 not available in EPYC HS06 official GCC compilation options exclude autovectorization Stock SL6/7 GCC doesn’t support AVX512 Support added in GCC 4.9+ Not heavily used (yet) in HEP/NP offline computing Both have models supporting 2666 MHz DDR4 memory Skylake-SP 6 memory channels per processor 3 TB (2-socket system, extended memory models) EPYC 8 memory channels per processor 4 TB (2-socket system) 3 How Does EPYC Differ From Skylake (Cont)? Some Skylake-SP processors include built in Omnipath networking, or FPGA coprocessors Not available in EPYC Both Skylake-SP and EPYC have SMT (HT) support 2 logical cores per physical core (absent in some Xeon Bronze models) Maximum core count (per socket) Skylake-SP – 28 physical / 56 logical (Xeon Platinum 8180M) EPYC – 32 physical / 64 logical (EPYC 7601) Maximum socket count Skylake-SP – 8 (Xeon Platinum) EPYC – 2 Processor Inteconnect Skylake-SP – UltraPath Interconnect (UPI) EYPC – Infinity Fabric (IF) PCIe lanes (2-socket system) Skylake-SP – 96 EPYC – 128 (some used by SoC functionality) Same number available in single socket configuration 4 EPYC: MCM/SoC Design EPYC utilizes an SoC design Many functions normally found in motherboard chipset on the CPU SATA controllers USB controllers etc. -
EDIT THIS 2021 ISRI 1201 Post-Hearing Letter 050621
Juelsgaard Intellectual Property and Innovation Clinic Mills Legal Clinic Stanford Law School Crown Quadrangle May 7, 2021 559 Nathan Abbott Way Stanford, CA 94305-8610 [email protected] Regan Smith 650.724.1900 Mark Gray United States Copyright Office [email protected] [email protected] Re: Docket No. 2020-11 Exemptions to Prohibition Against Circumvention of Technological Measures Protecting Copyrighted Works Dear Ms. Smith and Mr. Gray: I write to respond to your April 27 post-hearing letter requesting the materials that I referenced during the April 21 hearing related to Proposed Class 10 (Computer Programs – Unlocking) that were not included in our written comments. In particular, I cited to three reports from the Global mobile Suppliers Association (“GSA”) to illustrate the rapid increase in cellular-enabled devices with 5G capabilities in the last three years. In March 2019, GSA had identified 33 announced 5G devices from 23 vendors in 7 different form factors.1 By March 2020, GSA had identified 253 announced 5G devices from 81 vendors in 16 different form factors, including the first 5G-enabled laptops, TVs, and tablets.2 And by April 2021, GSA had identified 703 announced 5G devices from 122 vendors in 22 different form factors.3 It should be noted that some of the 22 form factors, such as 5G modules,4 can be deployed across a wide range of use cases that are not directly tracked by the GSA reports.5 For example, one distributor of Quectel’s 5G modules described the target applications as including: Telematics & transport – vehicle tracking, asset tracking, fleet management Energy – electricity meters, gas/water meter, smart grid Payment – wireless pos [point of service], cash register, ATM, vending machine Security – surveillance, detectors Smart city – street lighting, smart parking, sharing economy Gateway – consumer/industrial router 1 GSA, 5G Device Ecosystem (Mar. -
5G, Lte & Iot Components Vendors Profiled (28)
5G, LTE & IOT COMPONENTS VENDORS PROFILED (28) Altair Semiconductor Ltd., a subsidiary of Sony Corp. / www.altair-semi.com Analog Devices Inc. (NYSE: ADI) / www.analog.com ARM Ltd., a subsidiary of SoftBank Group Corp. / www.arm.com Blu Wireless Technology Ltd. / www.bluwirelesstechnology.com Broadcom Corp. (Nasdaq: BRCM) / www.broadcom.com Cadence Design Systems Inc. / www.cadence.com Ceva Inc. (Nasdaq: CEVA) / www.ceva-dsp.com eASIC Corp. / www.easic.com GCT Semiconductor Inc. / www.gctsemi.com HiSilicon Technologies Co. Ltd. / www.hisilicon.com Integrated Device Technology Inc. (Nasdaq: IDTI) / www.idt.com Intel Corp. (Nasdaq: INTC) / www.intel.com Lime Microsystems Ltd. / www.limemicro.com Marvell Technology Group Ltd. (Nasdaq: MRVL) / www.marvell.com MediaTek Inc. / www.mediatek.com Microsemi Corp., a subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc. (Nasdaq: MCHP) / www.microsemi.com MIPS, an IP licensing business unit of Wave Computing Inc. / www.mips.com Nordic Semiconductor ASA (OSX: NOD) / www.nordicsemi.com NXP Semiconductors N.V. (Nasdaq: NXPI) / www.nxp.com Octasic Inc. / www.octasic.com Peraso Technologies Inc. / www.perasotech.com Qualcomm Inc. (Nasdaq: QCOM) / www.qualcomm.com Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (005930:KS) / www.samsung.com Sanechips Technology Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of ZTE Corp. (SHE: 000063) / www.sanechips.com.cn Sequans Communications S.A. (NYSE: SQNS) / www.sequans.com Texas Instruments Inc. (NYSE: TXN) / www.ti.com Unisoc Communications Inc., a subsidiary of Tsinghua Unigroup Ltd. / www.unisoc.com Xilinx Inc. (Nasdaq: XLNX) / www.xilinx.com © HEAVY READING | AUGUST 2018 | 5G/LTE BASE STATION, RRH, CPE & IOT COMPONENTS . -
AMD Ryzen™ PRO & Athlon™ PRO Processors Quick Reference Guide
AMD Ryzen™ PRO & Athlon™ PRO Processors Quick Reference guide AMD Ryzen™ PRO Processors with Radeon™ Graphics for Business Laptops (Socket FP6/FP5) 1 Core/Thread Frequency Boost/Base L2+L3 Cache Graphics Node TDP Intel vPro Core/Thread Frequency Boost*/Base L2+L3 Cache Graphics Node TDP AMD PRO technologies COMPARED TO 4.9/1.1 Radeon™ 6/12 UHD AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8/16 Up to 12MB Graphics 7nm 15W intel Intel Core i7 10810U GHz 13MB 4750U 4.1/1.7 GHz CORE i7 14nm 15W (7 Cores) 10th Gen Intel Core i7 10610U 4/8 4.9/1.8 9MB UHD GHz AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO Up to Radeon™ intel 4/8 6MB 10 12nm 15W 4.8/1.9 3700U 4.0/2.3 GHz Vega CORE i7 Intel Core i7 8665U 4/8 9MB UHD 14nm 15W 8th Gen GHz Radeon™ AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 6/12 Up to 11MB Graphics 7nm 15W intel 4.4/1.7 4650U 4.0/2.1 GHz CORE i5 Intel Core i5 10310U 4/8 7MB UHD 14nm 15W GHz (6 Cores) 10th Gen AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 4/8 Up to 6MB Radeon™ 12nm 15W intel 4.1/1.6 3500U 3.7/2.1 GHz Vega8 CORE i5 Intel Core i5 8365U 4/8 7MB UHD 14nm 15W th GHz 8 Gen Radeon™ AMD Ryzen™ 3 PRO 4/8 Up to 6MB Graphics 7nm 15W intel 4.1/2.1 4450U 3.7/2.5 GHz CORE i3 Intel Core i3 10110U 2/4 5MB UHD 14nm 15W (5 Cores) 10th Gen GHz AMD Ryzen™ 3 PRO 4/4 Up to 6MB Radeon™ 12nm 15W intel 3.9/2.1 3300U 3.5/2.1 GHz Vega6 CORE i3 Intel Core i3 8145U 2/4 4.5MB UHD 14nm 15W 8th Gen GHz AMD Athlon™ PRO Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics for Business Laptops (Socket FP5) AMD Athlon™ PRO Up to Radeon™ intel Intel Pentium 4415U 2/4 2.3 GHz 2.5MB HD 610 14nm 15W 300U 2/4 3.3/2.4 GHz 5MB Vega3 12nm 15W 1. -
956830 Deliverable D2.1 Initial Vision and Requirement Report
European Core Technologies for future connectivity systems and components Call/Topic: H2020 ICT-42-2020 Grant Agreement Number: 956830 Deliverable D2.1 Initial vision and requirement report Deliverable type: Report WP number and title: WP2 (Strategy, vision, and requirements) Dissemination level: Public Due date: 31.12.2020 Lead beneficiary: EAB Lead author(s): Fredrik Tillman (EAB), Björn Ekelund (EAB) Contributing partners: Yaning Zou (TUD), Uta Schneider (TUD), Alexandros Kaloxylos (5G IA), Patrick Cogez (AENEAS), Mohand Achouche (IIIV/Nokia), Werner Mohr (IIIV/Nokia), Frank Hofmann (BOSCH), Didier Belot (CEA), Jochen Koszescha (IFAG), Jacques Magen (AUS), Piet Wambacq (IMEC), Björn Debaillie (IMEC), Patrick Pype (NXP), Frederic Gianesello (ST), Raphael Bingert (ST) Reviewers: Mohand Achouche (IIIV/Nokia), Jacques Magen (AUS), Yaning Zou (TUD), Alexandros Kaloxylos (5G IA), Frank Hofmann (BOSCH), Piet Wambacq (IMEC), Patrick Cogez (AENEAS) D 2.1 – Initial vision and requirement report Document History Version Date Author/Editor Description 0.1 05.11.2020 Fredrik Tillman (EAB) Outline and contributors 0.2 19.11.2020 All contributors First complete draft 0.3 18.12.2020 All contributors Second complete draft 0.4 21.12.2020 Björn Ekelund Third complete draft 1.0 21.12.2020 Fredrik Tillman (EAB) Final version List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Denotation 5G 5th Generation of wireless communication 5G PPP The 5G infrastructure Public Private Partnership 6G 6th Generation of wireless communication AI Artificial Intelligence ASIC Application -
AMD EPYC 7002 Architecture Extends Benefits for Storage-Centric
Micron Technical Brief AMD EPYC™ 7002 Architecture Extends Benefits for Storage-Centric Solutions Overview With the release of the second generation of AMD EPYC™ family of processors, Micron believes that AMD has extended the benefits of EPYC as a foundation for storage-centric, all-flash solutions beyond the previous generation. As more enterprises are evaluating and deploying commodity server-based software-defined storage (SDS) solutions, platforms built using AMD EPYC 7002 processors continue to provide massive storage flexibility and throughput using the latest generation of PCI Express® (PCIe™) and NVM Express® (NVMe™) SSDs. With this new offering, Micron revisits our previously released analysis of the advantages that AMD EPYC architecture-based servers provide storage-centric solutions. To best assess the AMD EPYC architecture, we discuss the EPYC 7002 for solid-state storage solutions, based on AMD EPYC product features, capabilities and server manufacturer recommendations. We have not included any specific testing performed by Micron. Each OEM/ODM will have differing server implementation and additional support components, which could ultimately affect solution performance. Architecture Overview The new EPYC 7002 series of enterprise-class server processors, AMD created a second generation of its “Zen” microarchitecture and a second- generation Infinity Fabric™ to interconnect up to eight processor core complex die (CCD) per socket. Each CCD can host up to eight cores together with a centralized I/O controller that handles all PCIe and memory traffic (Figure 1). AMD has doubled the performance of each system-on-a- chip (SoC) while reducing the overall power consumption per core through advanced 7nm process technology over the first generation’s 14nm process, doubling memory DIMM size support to 256GB LRDIMMs while also providing a 2x peripheral throughput increase with the introduction of PCIe Generation 4.0 I/O controllers. -
Low-Power X86 Solutions for Networked Storage and Media Servers
Low-Power x86 Solutions for Networked Storage and Media Servers OVERVIEW fEAtuRE-RIch cApAbIlItIEs Whether at the office or at home, everyone seems to be using, AMD Processors support Microsoft® and Linux® operating systems creating, and sharing content. Information such as financial that are tailored for these markets to be easy-to-use, protect data records, email, marketing collateral, home video, music and and serve applications. For SMB users, Windows® Small Business pictures must be organized, secure and accessible. And this Server 2011 Essentials is an ideal fit. Automatic backup and information must be protected from hardware failures using recovery protects business information. Organize information, techniques such as RAID and protected from software issues serve business applications such as accounting software and by using snapshots and backup to ensure nothing is lost. connect to online services such as email and CRM. This content requires new embedded solutions to manage, Windows® Home Server organizes, protects and streams digital manipulate and store data. This embedded network storage media content throughout the home. Centralize the iTunes® folder, appliance needs to be affordable, scalable, and easy to use videos, photos and financial spreadsheets. Automatically backup for managing information for business and home users. files to a server to protect from system disk failure or recover from a software or virus attack. AMD plAtfORM sOlutIOns To help meet the wide range of performance, power and price AMD’s pROcEssOR sOlutIOns provide thE fOllowing requirements for SoHo and home users, AMD offers a selection bEnEfIts fOR nEtworkED stORAgE AnD MEDIA sERVERs ™ of processor and chipset solutions. -
AMD's Early Processor Lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8
AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) Dezső Sima October 2018 (Ver. 1.1) Sima Dezső, 2018 AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) • 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families • 2. AMD’s 32-bit x86 families • 3. Migration of 32-bit ISAs and microarchitectures to 64-bit • 4. Overview of AMD’s K8 – K10.5 (Hammer-based) families • 5. The K8 (Hammer) family • 6. The K10 Barcelona family • 7. The K10.5 Shanghai family • 8. The K10.5 Istambul family • 9. The K10.5-based Magny-Course/Lisbon family • 10. References 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (1) 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families AMD’s early x86 processor history [1] AMD’s own processors Second sourced processors 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (2) Evolution of AMD’s early processors [2] 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (3) Historical remarks 1) Beyond x86 processors AMD also designed and marketed two embedded processor families; • the 2900 family of bipolar, 4-bit slice microprocessors (1975-?) used in a number of processors, such as particular DEC 11 family models, and • the 29000 family (29K family) of CMOS, 32-bit embedded microcontrollers (1987-95). In late 1995 AMD cancelled their 29K family development and transferred the related design team to the firm’s K5 effort, in order to focus on x86 processors [3]. 2) Initially, AMD designed the Am386/486 processors that were clones of Intel’s processors. -
Processor Check Utility for 64-Bit Compatibility
Processor Check Utility for 64-Bit Compatibility VMware Workstation Processor Check Utility for 64-Bit Compatibility VMware Workstation version 5.5 supports virtual machines with 64-bit guest operating systems, running on host machines with the following processors: • AMD™ Athlon™ 64, revision D or later • AMD Opteron™, revision E or later • AMD Turion™ 64, revision E or later • AMD Sempron™, 64-bit-capable revision D or later (experimental support) • Intel™ EM64T VT-capable processors (experimental support) When you power on a virtual machine with a 64-bit guest operating system, Workstation performs an internal check: if the host CPU is not a supported 64-bit processor, you cannot power on the virtual machine. VMware also provides this standalone processor check utility, which you can use without Workstation to perform the same check and determine whether your CPU is supported for virtual machines with 64-bit guest operating systems. Note: On hosts with EM64T VT-capable processors, you may not be able to power on a 64-bit guest, even though the processor check utility indicates that the processor is supported for 64- bit guests. VT functionality can be disabled via the BIOS, but the processor check utility cannot read the appropriate model-specific register (MSR) to detect that the VT functionality has been disabled in the BIOS. Note: In shopping for a processor that is compatible with Workstation 5.5 64-bit guests, you may be unable to determine the revision numbers of a given vendor's offering of AMD Athlon 64, Opteron, Turion 64, or Sempron processors. At this time, the only reliable way to determine whether any of these processors is a revision supported by Workstation 5.5, is by the manufacturing technology (CMOS): any of the AMD Athlon 64, Opteron, Turion 64, or Sempron processors whose manufacturing technology is 90nm SOI (.09 micron SOI) is compatible with Workstation 5.5 64-bit guests.