Bhagavans-Handwritten-Letters.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Summer Showers 1990 Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai
SUMMER SHOWERS 1990 INDIAN CULTURE AND SPIRITUALITY Discourses by BHAGAVAN SRI SATHYA SAI BABA Delivered during the Summer Course MAY-JUNE 1990 © Sri Sathya Sai Books and Publications Trust All Rights Reserved First published in India Large Print Edition 1993 Book also available in Braille Printing rights granted by arrangements with the Sri Sathya Sai Books and Publications Trust, Prasanthi Nilayam, India To: Sathya Sai Baba Society and Sathya Sai Book Center of America 305 West First Street, Tustin, California, 92780-3108 Published and distributed by the Sathya Sai Book Center of America CONTENTS 1. The glory of Indian culture ..................................................................................... 1 2. Sanctify the body .......................................................................................................6 3. The moving temple ..................................................................................................12 4. Mastery of the senses...............................................................................................20 5. Road to Divinity.......................................................................................................28 6. Hold the reins...........................................................................................................35 7. Vagaries of the mind................................................................................................40 8. Buddhi the charioteer...............................................................................................45 -
Compassion & Social Justice
COMPASSION & SOCIAL JUSTICE Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo PUBLISHED BY Sakyadhita Yogyakarta, Indonesia © Copyright 2015 Karma Lekshe Tsomo No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the editor. CONTENTS PREFACE ix BUDDHIST WOMEN OF INDONESIA The New Space for Peranakan Chinese Woman in Late Colonial Indonesia: Tjoa Hin Hoaij in the Historiography of Buddhism 1 Yulianti Bhikkhuni Jinakumari and the Early Indonesian Buddhist Nuns 7 Medya Silvita Ibu Parvati: An Indonesian Buddhist Pioneer 13 Heru Suherman Lim Indonesian Women’s Roles in Buddhist Education 17 Bhiksuni Zong Kai Indonesian Women and Buddhist Social Service 22 Dian Pratiwi COMPASSION & INNER TRANSFORMATION The Rearranged Roles of Buddhist Nuns in the Modern Korean Sangha: A Case Study 2 of Practicing Compassion 25 Hyo Seok Sunim Vipassana and Pain: A Case Study of Taiwanese Female Buddhists Who Practice Vipassana 29 Shiou-Ding Shi Buddhist and Living with HIV: Two Life Stories from Taiwan 34 Wei-yi Cheng Teaching Dharma in Prison 43 Robina Courtin iii INDONESIAN BUDDHIST WOMEN IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Light of the Kilis: Our Javanese Bhikkhuni Foremothers 47 Bhikkhuni Tathaaloka Buddhist Women of Indonesia: Diversity and Social Justice 57 Karma Lekshe Tsomo Establishing the Bhikkhuni Sangha in Indonesia: Obstacles and -
Tathagata-Garbha Sutra
Tathagata-garbha Sutra (Tripitaka No. 0666) Translated during the East-JIN Dynasty by Tripitaka Master Buddhabhadra from India Thus I heard one time: The Bhagavan was staying on Grdhra-kuta near Raja-grha in the lecture hall of a many-tiered pavilion built of fragrant sandalwood. He had attained buddhahood ten years previously and was accompanied by an assembly of hundred thousands of great bhikshus and a throng of bodhisattvas and great beings sixty times the number of sands in the Ganga. All had perfected their zeal and had formerly made offerings to hundred thousands of myriad legions of Buddhas. All could turn the Irreversible Dharma Wheel. If a being were to hear their names, he would become irreversible in the unsurpassed path. Their names were Bodhisattva Dharma-mati, Bodhisattva Simha-mati, Bodhisattva Vajra-mati, Bodhisattva Harmoniously Minded, bodhisattva Shri-mati, Bodhisattva Candra- prabha, Bodhisattva Ratna-prabha, Bodhisattva Purna-candra, Bodhisattva Vikrama, Bodhisattva Ananta-vikramin, Bodhisattva Trailokya-vikramin, Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva Maha-sthama-prapta, Bodhisattva Gandha-hastin, Bodhisattva Sugandha, Bodhisattva Surpassing Sublime Fragrance, Bodhisattva Supreme matrix, Bodhisattva Surya-garbha, Bodhisattva Ensign Adornment, Bodhisattva Great Arrayed Banner, Bodhisattva Vimala-ketu, Bodhisattva Boundless Light, Bodhisattva Light Giver, Bodhisattva Vimala-prabha, Bodhisattva Pramudita-raja, Bodhisattva Sada-pramudita, Bodhisattva Ratna-pani, Bodhisattva Akasha-garbha, Bodhisattva King of the Light -
Om Sri Sai Ram
SAI BOOKS: Page 1 of 13 OM SRI SAI RAM SPIRITUAL BOOKS: A Handbook of Prasanthi Nilayam OM SRI SAI RAM Bhagavad Gita or The Divine Song translated by Camille Svensson with comments from the writings of Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Conversations with Sathya Sai Baba by Dr. John Hislop Cutting The Ties That Bind by Phyllis Krystal Dharma Vahini (Discourses on Moral Codes & Behavior) by Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Dhyana Vahini by Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Easwaramma The Chosen Mother by N. Kasturi Garland Of 1008 Bhajans compiled by The Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Seva Foundation, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Nov. 23, 1978 Garland Of 108 Precious Gems Guidelines for AMERICAN SATHYA SAI BABA CENTERS - Revised June 1998 Guidelines to Sai Path Jnana Vahini - Discourses by Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Life Is A Challenge MEET IT ! by Joy Thomas Life Is A Game PLAY IT ! by Joy Thomas Nineteenth Annual Northeast Regional Retreat - Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba - Troy, New York May 27 - 29, 1994 Pathway To Peace PRASANTHI by N. Kasturi Pathways To God by Jonathan Roof Prashanti Nilayam - Brindavan - Information Booklet 1988 Prashanti Vahini - Discourses by Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Prema Vahini (Discourses on the Quality of Divine Love) by Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba Ramakatha Rasavahini Part I, II by Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba SahasraDalaKamala - 1008 Names of Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba with English Translation SAI BABA and NARA NARAYAN GUFA ASHRAM ( I, II, III ) by Swami Maheswaranand SAI BABA and Sai Yoga by Indra Devi SAI BABA and You: Practical Spirituality - A Devotional Guide by mhtml:file://C:\Production\Doc2PDF\DocStorage\d5846c6cdfbf4c9f8fab53c00fc48c81.mht 8/12/2012 SAI BOOKS: Page 2 of 13 Mark and Barbara Gardner SAI BABA The Holy Man… …and The Psychiatrist by Samuel H. -
Sathya Sai Speaks, Volume 1
SATHYA SAI SPEAKS Volume 1 Discourses, 1953-60 SATHYA SAI BABA Contents SATHYA SAI SPEAKS 5 Publisher’s Note 6 Editor’s Note For This EBook Edition 7 Sathya Sai Baba in the period 1953–1960 8 Sathya Sai Speaks 9 1. Worship In The Mind 13 2. Total Surrender 17 3. God As Guide 21 4. Divine Life 24 5. Meditation On The Lord’s Form And Fame 26 6. An Attitude Of Challenge 30 7. Courage 33 8. Many Roads 35 9. Examine, Experience 39 10. Discrimination And Detachment 42 11. Man And God: Nara And Narayana 44 12. Tolerance 48 13. Bliss Through Dedication 50 14. The Wise Farmer 53 15. Be Heroes, Not Zeros 56 16. Training 59 17. Qualities And Money 63 18. Education And Peace 66 19. The Moon And The Mind 69 20. Neither Scriptures Nor Logic 73 21. The Insentient And The Supreme Consciousness 76 22. The Screen Within 80 23. The Temple 83 24. Many-pointedness And One-pointedness 86 25. Man And Mind 89 26. The World, My Mansion 92 27. The Underlying Truths 95 28. The Best Tonic 98 29. Sathya Sai Gita (i) 100 30. Sathya Sai Gita (ii) 104 31. Sathya Sai Gita (iii) 108 32. Sathya Sai Gita (iv) 111 33. Foundation For Education 115 34. The Click of the Camera 118 35. The Dangers of Doubt 122 Glossary 126 SATHYA SAI SPEAKS VOLUME 1 Discourses of BHAGAWAN SRI SATHYA SAI BABA delivered during 1953–1960 SRI SATHYA SAI SADHANA TRUST Publications Division Prasanthi Nilayam - 515134 Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India STD: 08555 : ISD : 91-8555 Phone: 287375, Fax: 287236 Email: [email protected] URL www.sssbpt.org © Sri Sathya Sai Sadhana Trust, Publications Division, Prasanthi Nilayam P.O. -
The Lankavatara Sutra (Chapter 2)
The Lankavatara Sutra (Chapter 2) (Ref #16 ( P173-6 to P185-1) (tape #42) 14. Discriminations and arising conditions 1-(2-152) Then, Mahamati Bodhisattva-Mahasattva asked Buddha: Bhagavan (World Honored One), you explained all things arise from the twelve causal conditions, which means the causes and conditions, and not from the self-mind first. (Mrs. Kao: Self-mind produces false thoughts first, then it develops attachments to external objects. This is the profound meaning. The theory of dharma arising from causes and conditions is for beginners, which is easier to understand. ) 2-(2-152) Bhagavan (World Honored One), externalists also teach causal conditions, and say that all things arise from the superior creator, time and dusts. When Bhagavan (World Honored One) preaches that nature of all things arise from the causal conditions, are you referring to the intermittent Siddhanta dharma or the non- intermittent Siddhanta dharma? 3-(2-152) Bhagavan (World Honored One), externalists also talk about birth from existence and non-existence, while you preach that all things did not exist originally and that they arise from causes and conditions and then extinguished. Is it the same as the theory of externalists? 4-(2-152) Bhagavan (World Honored One), you said that ignorance gives rise to activities, all the way to old age and death, but you have not explained the origin of these causal conditions. Hence, it is a statement of causelessness. 1 5-(2-152) Bhagavan (World Honored One), since there are "this" (birth) and “that" (existence), the birth of the dharma is a simultaneous process and not a gradual one. -
Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women
University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship Department of Theology and Religious Studies 2019 Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo PhD University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe PhD, "Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women" (2019). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 25. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Section Titles Placed Here | I Out of the Shadows Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo SAKYADHITA | HONOLULU First Edition: Sri Satguru Publications 2006 Second Edition: Sakyadhita 2019 Copyright © 2019 Karma Lekshe Tsomo All rights reserved No part of this book may not be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retreival system, without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations. Cover design Copyright © 2006 Allen Wynar Sakyadhita Conference Poster -
Book Extracts
BOOK EXTRACTS 2 - A Sadhu’s Reminiscences of Ramana Maharshi 13 - Advaita Bodha Deepika (The Lamp of Non-Dual Knowledge) 31 - At the Feet of Bhagavan 38 - Conscious Immortality 43 - Crumbs from His Table 48 - Day by Day with Bhagavan 59 - Five Hymns to Sri Arunachala 64 - Gems from Bhagavan 68 - Glimpses of the Life and Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi 72 - Guru Ramana 78 - Guru-Ramana-Vachana-Mala 82 - Hunting the ‘I’ 85 - Jewel Garland of Enquiry 88 - Kaivalya Navaneeta (The Cream of Emancipation) 94 - Letters from and Recollections of Sri Ramanasramam 99 - Letters from Sri Ramanasramam 109 - Maharshi’s Gospel 115 - Moments Remembered 120 - My Life at Sri Ramanasramam 125 - My Recollections of Bhagavan Ramana 128 - My Reminiscences 132 - Ramana-Arunachala 136 - Reflections on Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi 141 - Reminiscences 145 - Residual Reminiscences of Ramana 148 - Revelation (Sri Ramana Hridayam) 152 - Sat-Darshana Bhashya and Talks with Ramana 158 - Self-Realization 164 - Spiritual Stories from Sri Ramana Maharshi 168 - Sri Ramana Reminiscences 172 - Srimad Bhagavata 182 - Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi 199 - The Collected Works of Ramana Maharshi 208 - The Garland of Guru’s Sayings ( Guru Vachaka Kovai ) 217 - The Guiding Presence of Sri Ramana 220 - The Song Celestial 225 - The Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words 231 - Tripura Rahasya (The Mystery beyond the Trinity) 252 - Yoga Vasishta Sara A SADHU’S REMINISCENCES OF RAMANA MAHARSHI By SADHU ARUNACHALA (A. W. Chadwick) Om Namo Bhagavathe Sri Ramanaya INTRODUCTION Sadhu Arunachala of Sri Ramanasramam, Tiruvannamalai, is a good example of perfect devotion to our Guru, Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi. -
Sathya Sai Vahini
Sathya Sai Vahini Stream of Divine Grace Sathya Sai Baba Contents Sathya Sai Vahini 5 Preface 6 Dear Seeker! 7 Chapter I. The Supreme Reality 10 Chapter II. From Truth to Truth 13 Chapter III. The One Alone 17 Chapter IV. The Miracle of Miracles 21 Chapter V. Basic Belief 24 Chapter VI. Religion is Experience 27 Chapter VII. Be Yourself 30 Chapter VIII. Bondage 33 Chapter IX. One with the One 36 Chapter X. The Yogis 38 Chapter XI. Values in Vedas 45 Chapter XII. Values in Later Texts 48 Chapter XIII. The Avatar as Guru 53 Chapter XIV. This and That 60 Chapter XV. Levels and Stages 63 Chapter XVI. Mankind and God 66 Chapter XVII. Fourfold Social Division 69 Chapter XVIII. Activity and Action 73 Chapter XIX. Prayer 77 Chapter XX. The Primal Purpose 81 Chapter XXI. The Inner Inquiry 88 Chapter XXII. The Eternal Truths 95 Chapter XXIII. Modes of Worship 106 Chapter XXIV. The Divine Body 114 Glossary 119 Sathya Sai Vahini SRI SATHYA SAI SADHANA TRUST Publications Division Prasanthi Nilayam - 515134 Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India STD: 08555 : ISD : 91-8555 Phone: 287375, Fax: 287236 Email: [email protected] URL www.sssbpt.org © Sri Sathya Sai Sadhana Trust, Publications Division, Prasanthi Nilayam P.O. 515 134, Anantapur District, A.P. (India.) All Rights Reserved. The copyright and the rights of translation in any language are reserved by the Publishers. No part, passage, text or photograph or Artwork of this book should be reproduced, transmitted or utilised, in original language or by translation, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or by any information, storage and retrieval system except with the express and prior permission, in writing from the Convener, Sri Sathya Sai Sadhana Trust, Publications Division, Prasanthi Nilayam (Andhra Pradesh) India - Pin Code 515 134, except for brief passages quoted in book review. -
Biography of Brahma Sri Ghandikota Subba
Om Sri Sai Ram Brahmasri Ghandikota Venkata Subba Rao November 7, 1926–December 29, 2003 Birth Brahmasri Ghandikota Venkata Subba Rao was born was born after his father conducted a Putra on November 7, 1926 in an American missionary Kaameshti Yaga for a son to carry on the Vedic hospital in Rajamandry, Andhra Pradesh, the fourth tradition, after eight daughters. As a distinguished of five children of Brahmasri Ghandikota scholar and poet, he was invited to join the court of Subrahmanya Sastry and Smt. Ghandikota the Kingdom of Vizianagaram as its Aasthaana Ramalakshmi. Pandit. He was later known as the Rishi of the Sathya Sri Subrahmanya Sastry was a Vedic pandit and Sai Gayathree. Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba poet of great repute from a long line of scholars in described him as the last of the true Vedic pandits the Bharadvaja Gotra, Krishna Yajur Veda Saakha, who and a Maharishi. 1 at the urging of the Maharaja and Maharani of Vizianagaram, he was shifted to an English medium school as his elder brother, the late Sri Lakshminarayana Deekshitulu, was already a brilliant Vedic pandit. Sri Subba Rao afterwards said that of all the education he received, western as well as traditional Sanskrit learning, it was the latter that he ultimately found most beneficial in life. As a result of his father’s extended travels with the Maharaja’s establishment, Sri Subba Rao received his schooling in Vizianagaram, Madras and Bangalore. He was a first class student all through school. During the Indian Freedom Movement, in the early 1940s, he and a group of young students wrote a flyer describing India’s glorious history, and distributed copies in the Army Cantonment in Bangalore, inciting Indian soldiers of the British Ghandikota family in 1949. -
Om: One God Universal a Garland of Holy Offerings * * * * * * * * Viveka Leads to Ānanda
Om: One God Universal A Garland of Holy Offerings * * * * * * * * Viveka Leads To Ānanda VIVEKNANDA KENDRA PATRIKĀ Vol. 22 No. 2: AUGUST 1993 Represented By Murari and Sarla Nagar Truth is One God is Truth . God is One Om Shanti Mandiram Columbia MO 2001 The treasure was lost. We have regained it. This publication is not fully satisfactory. There is a tremendous scope for its improvement. Then why to publish it? The alternative was to let it get recycled. There is a popular saying in American academic circles: Publish or Perish. The only justification we have is to preserve the valuable contents for posterity. Yet it is one hundred times better than its original. We have devoted a great deal of our time, money, and energy to improve it. The entire work was recomposed on computer. Figures [pictures] were scanned and inserted. Diacritical marks were provided as far as possible. References to citations were given in certain cases. But when a vessel is already too dirty it is very difficult to clean it even in a dozen attempts. The original was an assemblage of scattered articles written by specialists in their own field. Some were extracted from publications already published. It was issued as a special number of a journal. It needed a competent editor. Even that too was not adequate unless the editor possessed sufficient knowledge of and full competence in all the subject areas covered. One way to make it correct and complete was to prepare a kind of draft and circulate it among all the writers, or among those who could critically examine a particular paper in their respective field. -
2011.11 26 Annual Report 2010-2011
educare | medicare | sociocare love all serve all SRI SATHYA SAI CENTRAL TRUST Annual Report 2010-11 SRI SATHYA SAI BABA On 25 May 1947, when Baba was 20 years old; in response to a letter from His brother who was concerned about Him, Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba wrote the following letter. Edited Excerpts: I have a Task: To foster all mankind and ensure for all of them lives full of bliss. I have a Vow: To lead all who stray away from the straight path again into goodness and save them. I ĂŵĂƩĂĐŚĞĚƚŽĂǁŽƌŬƚŚĂƚ/ůŽǀĞ͗dŽƌĞŵŽǀĞƚŚĞƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƐŽĨ ƚŚĞƉŽŽƌĂŶĚŐƌĂŶƚƚŚĞŵǁŚĂƚƚŚĞLJůĂĐŬ͘/ŚĂǀĞĂƌĞĂƐŽŶƚŽďĞ ƉƌŽƵĚ͕ĨŽƌ/ƌĞƐĐƵĞĂůůǁŚŽǁŽƌƐŚŝƉĂŶĚĂĚŽƌĞŵĞ͘/ŚĂǀĞŵLJ ĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ͚ĚĞǀŽƟŽŶ͛/ĞdžƉĞĐƚ͗dŚŽƐĞĚĞǀŽƚĞĚƚŽŵĞŚĂǀĞ ƚŽƚƌĞĂƚũŽLJĂŶĚŐƌŝĞĨ͕ŐĂŝŶĂŶĚůŽƐƐ͕ǁŝƚŚĞƋƵĂůĨŽƌƟƚƵĚĞ͘dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚ/ǁŝůůŶĞǀĞƌŐŝǀĞƵƉƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƩĂĐŚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ to me. /ǁŝůůŶŽƚŐŝǀĞƵƉŵLJŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ŶŽƌŵLJĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘/ŬŶŽǁ/ ǁŝůůĐĂƌƌLJƚŚĞŵŽƵƚ͘/ƚƌĞĂƚƚŚĞŚŽŶŽƌĂŶĚĚŝƐŚŽŶŽƌ͕ƚŚĞĨĂŵĞ ĂŶĚ ďůĂŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĞƋƵĂŶŝŵŝƚLJ͘ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂůůLJ͕/ĂŵƵŶĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ͘/ĂĐƚďƵƚŝŶƚŚĞŽƵƚĞƌǁŽƌůĚ͖/ talk and move about for the sake of the outer world and for ĂŶŶŽƵŶĐŝŶŐŵLJĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞ͖ĞůƐĞ͕/ŚĂǀĞŶŽĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ even with these. /ĚŽŶŽƚďĞůŽŶŐƚŽĂŶLJƉůĂĐĞ͖/ĂŵŶŽƚĂƩĂĐŚĞĚƚŽĂŶLJŶĂŵĞ͘ I have no “mine” or “thine”. I answer whatever the name LJŽƵƵƐĞ͘/ŐŽǁŚĞƌĞǀĞƌ/ĂŵƚĂŬĞŶ͘dŚŝƐŝƐŵLJǀĞƌLJĮƌƐƚǀŽǁ͘ /ŚĂǀĞŶŽƚĚŝƐĐůŽƐĞĚƚŚŝƐƚŽĂŶLJŽŶĞƐŽĨĂƌ͘&ŽƌŵĞ͕ƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ ŝƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĂĨĂƌ͕ĂƉĂƌƚ͘/ĂĐƚĂŶĚŵŽǀĞŽŶůLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĂŬĞŽĨ mankind. EŽŽŶĞĐĂŶĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶĚŵLJŐůŽƌLJ͕ǁŚŽĞǀĞƌŚĞŝƐ͕ǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌŚŝƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽĨĞŶƋƵŝƌLJ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌůŽŶŐŚŝƐĂƩĞŵƉƚ͘ zŽƵĐĂŶLJŽƵƌƐĞůĨƐĞĞƚŚĞĨƵůůŐůŽƌLJŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŝŶŐLJĞĂƌƐ͘ĞǀŽƚĞĞƐ ŵƵƐƚŚĂǀĞƉĂƟĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĨŽƌďĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ͘