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Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor

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Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor SDC Credit Proposal No. 7F-01013.02.02 Contract No. 81013109 August 11, 2011 Draft Final Report Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor A Review Submitted to Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Bangladesh By Ved Arya Consultant SRIJAN, New Delhi, India [email protected] Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Project Context and Concept ................................................................................................................ 8 2. Objectives and Methodology of the Review ......................................................................................... 8 3. Assessment of Achievements of the Present Phase ............................................................................. 8 Assessment of Project Delivery ................................................................................................................. 9 Enhancement in Community’s Capacity to Take Part in Sustainable Co-Management ......................... 13 How inclusive are the local institutions of the Poor? ............................................................................. 15 Has the project identified alternative income generation activities and enhanced livelihoods options for the TH Community?........................................................................................................................... 15 How are local power relations and conflicts managed? ......................................................................... 16 Role, Commitment and Ownership of GoB as a Major Stakeholder .................................................... 16 GoB Policy and Practice of Haor Management vis-à-vis Ramsar ....................................................... 17 Coordination among the partners of the project ................................................................................... 17 Next Phase(s): When could the stakeholders take complete responsibility for the interventions? ...... 18 Factors affecting sustainability in the medium and long term ............................................................... 20 Ensuring transparency and accountability of co-management mechanism .......................................... 20 Attracting other Development Partners and Harmonising with other projects ..................................... 20 4. Recommendations Regarding Elements of a Long Term Programme ................................................ 21 For the remainder of the current phase ................................................................................................. 21 For the Next Phase .................................................................................................................................. 22 5. Laying out the Design of the future Project ........................................................................................ 26 Annexure 1. List of Documents Referred .................................................................................................... 28 Annexure 2. Roles and Responsibilities, Achievements and Difficulties as Stated by Staff (Bhabanipur Meeting) ...................................................................................................................................................... 29 Review of the Tanguar Haor Co-Management Project Page 2 Annexure 3. Brief Review of the Outputs .................................................................................................. 31 Annexure 4: Summary of Other Co-Management Models ........................................................................ 38 Annexure 6: Decisions Made and Follow up at THMC (last four meetings) ............................................... 41 Annexure 7. List of People Met .................................................................................................................. 43 Annexure 8. Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................ 44 Review of the Tanguar Haor Co-Management Project Page 3 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Mr Joseph Guntern, Head, Cooperation, Mr. Tommaso Tabet and Mr Farid Hasan Ahmed of SDC for providing me this wonderful learning opportunity. I wish to thank senior officials of the Ministry (MoEF), Mr Mesbah ul Alam (Secretary), Dr M Nasiruddin (Joint Secretary) and Mr Quazi Munirul Islam (Deputy Chief) for their patience and good counsel. All staff at IUCN, particularly the leadership, Dr Niaz Ahmed, Mr Rezaul Karim, and Mr Aminur Rahman were extremely supportive and accommodating of my incessant demands, and likewise at IC, CNRS, BELA, and ERA. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mssrs. Felix Bachmann and Shamin Ahamad (both IC), Mr Mokhleshur Rahman (CNRS), Md. Serajul Islam (ERA) and Ms Rizwana Hasan Syeda (BELA) for their thoughtful reflection. I am fortunate to have had a dialogue with the community leaders including women leaders as they made it a wonderful experience for me. Interactions with various bilateral and multilateral agencies were very helpful in understanding the wider canvas of natural resource management in Bangladesh. Review of the Tanguar Haor Co-Management Project Page 4 Acronyms BELA Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association CBFM Community Based Fisheries Management CCC Central Co-management Committee CNRS Centre for Natural Resource Studies – A local partner NGO DC Deputy Commissioner ECAs Ecologically Critical Areas ERA Efforts for Rural Advancement – A local partner NGO GoB Government of Bangladesh HHBP Household Business Plans IC Inter-Cooperation IGA Income Generation Activity IUCN-B International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MACH Management of Aquatic Ecosystems through Community Husbandry PIP Project Implementation Plan PSMU Programme Support and Management Unit PRMP Participatory Resource Management Planning PSC Project Steering Committee RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands of International Importance SCM Social Capital Management SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation TH Tanguar Haor THMC Tanguar Haor Management Committee UCC Union Co-management Committee UC Union Council UP Upazilla Parishad VCC Village Co-management Committee VGF Vulnerable Group Feeding Review of the Tanguar Haor Co-Management Project Page 5 Executive Summary A review of the project “Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor” was undertaken during the month of June 2011 to consolidate the learnings of the present stage and recommend the major thrusts for the next phase. Major objective of the review were to assess the achievements of present phase, deliver elements for decision making towards a possible future phase(s), and make recommendations for the strategic orientations as well as for planning. Overall the project has achieved considerable success, establishing a strong institutional base for community to participate in the co-management of Tanguar Haor (TH) resource, especially since it started from scratch. Social Capital Management has strengthened the community financially besides quickly paving a way forward for micro-enterprises and meeting the consumption credit needs of the community, and for establishing a corpus. The project has boldly begun experimenting with legal fish harvesting, with active support of the government and its law enforcement machinery, through a variety of modalities including benefit sharing formula, fishing in designated perennial beels, legal licenses and permits to individual fishers, and establishing fish and bird sanctuaries. This is despite local elites actively encouraging of local people to poach rather than seek license. Local elite include fish traders and ex lease holders, some of whom have got elected in the local government. Concerns remain with respect to the following. Law enforcement machinery has to be strengthened, acceptance rate of legal permit has to go up, modalities have to be continuously evolved in a learning by doing approach so as to protect the ecological resources and to counter the forces, linkages have to be established with the Union Council and Upazilla Parishads, and wider network has to be established with other such projects, and one would expect even greater support from the nodal Ministry for this project, as to see a way forward to institutionalization and formalization in the long run. Elements for future design, taking into account other co-management models, and aiming for establishing sustainability and then an exit strategy, would be: Deepen people’s institutions and processes so as to engage community members in multiple activities beyond savings and credit, especially in resource management. Continuously evolve fishing and other natural resource harvest modalities in order to reach higher levels of acceptance in the community, and based on this field practice, develop framework for Co-Management including fish harvesting modalities, access rights, legal enforcement, etc. Resource management modalities should be extended to other resources especially reeds and swamp forests. Work more intensively on alternate non-farm livelihoods and on value chains of agriculture and fisheries - Hands-on market linked livelihoods promotion assisting the community in value chain of one or two selected sectors. Review of the Tanguar Haor Co-Management Project Page 6 Generate
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