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Water Baseline Report on Crops in Targeted Villages Samalout District, Menia Governorate, Egypt

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Water Baseline Report on Crops in Targeted Villages Samalout District, Menia Governorate, Egypt She Feeds the World (SFtW) Water Baseline Report on Crops in Targeted Villages Samalout District, Menia governorate, Egypt July 2020 Report Generated by: Dr. Mansour Abdel Rasoul Mohamed Consultant on Water Resources Management Engineering Introduction CARE International – Egypt is implementing the "She Feeds the World" (SFiW) project with funding funded by PepsiCo Foundation . The project’s, with the main objective of improving the health and nutrition status of 10,000 women small-scale farmers and theirtheir families. Targeting women of reproductive age from 18 to 49 and children under the age of two in the governorates of Giza, Beheira, Minya and Beni Suef SFtW will be operational between March 2019 to June 2020. Through SFtW, women and their households will gain access to productive resources, assets, support, information and the confidence they need to improve theirs and their communities’ livelihoods and nutritional outcomes. In relation to this, quality food production and income generation efforts will be boosted to enable women and men to feed their families more nutritious meals, build savings, grow their businesses, and ultimately improve their health and nutritional wellbeing. SFtW is set to achieve the following four project objectives - The project specifically seeks to impactyears of age, , through the following:Improving access to healthy and nutritious food for farmers and community members, focusing on improving nutrition for children and women of childbearing age. - Improving the production of agricultural crops by giving small-scale farmers access to necessary resources - Providing technical support to improve marketing and uptake of sound agricultural practices. - Improving market linkages and strengthening cooperation between the private sector and government to achieve food security. - Providing proper nutrition and positive impact on public health. - Raising awareness, promoting and enabling water conservation among small-scale farmers in Minya The SFtW planned water-smart agriculture intervention includes training of small-scale farmers (with preference for potato farmers) through farmer field business schools (FFBS) and awareness-raising campaigns, aimed to increase irrigation practices, water conservation, as well as climate-smart practices to ensure long-term sustainability of farmers’ lands. CARE is also working with the department of agriculture, the department of irrigation, as well as community-based organizations and farmers directly to improve irrigation water governance in target communities. To achieve the water-mart agriculture goals in Minya Governorate, the project management hired an Irrigation Consultant and under the donor (PepsiCo) guidance identified a package of technical support activities to reach the desired goal, which is to increase agricultural productivity per feddan in the targeted areas and replenish 110 million liters of water to the Minya watershed through preservation per year. Small-scale farmers, specifically women, will be targeted to participate, and receive technical support, training and institutional support from She Feeds the World. to achieve this water replenishment goal. The goal of this water use assessment is to provide evidence on study describes crops grown in the targeted areas in Samalout district as it relates to the amount of water consumed in irrigation throughout the year for winter and summer crops. This data is intended to inform the project’s Water Replenishment Strategy, and specific targets in improving irrigation efficiency, and preserving soil moisture. General description of the project geographical location: - Minya Governorate is one of the governorates of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and is considered the bride of Upper Egypt, and is characterized by being an agricultural governorate, 75% of its 6 million people working in agriculture (4.5 Million). The total area of irrigation and drainage is about 550 thousand feddans, all of which are irrigated from Al-Ibrahimia and Bahr Yusef canals through a group of sub- canals, distribution and special canals. Like the rest of upper Egypt governorates, Minya Governorate has a desert border from the west side, covering an area of about 150 thousands Feddans, with new and validated area for agriculture that has been recently reclaimed from the western and eastern sides of the governorate, located between the governorate of Assiut from the south, and Beni Suef Governorate from the north. The project area is located in the district of Samalout, located in the north of Minya governorate, approximately 20 km from the city of Minya. The population of Samalout district is approximately 851,251 people, in which 48% are women. It consists of 9 main villages and overall includes 45 sub- villages, and 341 manor and mini villages, and the total seized district reign is actually 54,621 Feddans. The target area of this intervention is located on the western side of Samalut district, which is far from Samalout by 18 KM, and its cultivated area covers about 25,000 Feddans, and 7 agricultural cooperatives from a total 52 agriculture cooperatives in Samalout only. The smallholders and small-scale producers (Who have less than 3 Feddans) are 1180 farmers in which at least 48% are women, cultivating a total of 90% from the targeted area. Bird Eye view for Menia, Egypt The subject of this assessment - Assess the crops grown in the targeted areas in Samalout district and the amount of irrigation water consumed in crops throughout the year (winter and summer crops). Objective of the study: - This assessment aims to determine the current status of agricultural activity in the villages targeted for the project, and this will be done by identifying the cropping pattern and the amount of irrigation consumed by these crops throughout the calendar year in summer and winter seasons, as well as identifying the problems facing small-scale farmers and negatively affecting productivity. Target area of the assessment: - Through coordination with the management of the Ayesin Well project, this assessment was implemented in seven villages in The Samalout district: Al-Azama, Abu Sidham, Delaq Ghor, Shusha, Taybeh, Rubi and Hassan Ibrahim. Duration of application of the assessment: - The study was implemented for 15 days from 8/6/2020 to 15/7/2020 Methodology of the assessment: Methodology of the assessment included: • Review of relevant project documents, progress reports and communication channels between different regional and local stakeholders • Meetings with: o the SFtW project team and the Pepsico Egypt teams in Cairo and in in Minya governorate o relevant government agencies (irrigation - agriculture) and o members of the boards of NGOs / boards of administrations of agricultural and water associations, o Agriculture Extension staff Key informant interviews with a sample of a total number of 60 participants Tools and methods applied in the field phase (1) Individual interviews with key stakeholders and the sample of selected beneficiaries, (2) Focus Group Discussions Focus Group Discussions (3) Relevant evaluation question form group discussion (Annex 1) (4) Ad hoc meetings with other stakeholders in the community (non-beneficiaries, etc.) Based on meetings and documents collected, this report describes: (1) Relevant challenges facing beneficiaries/small-scale farmers (2) The crop composition of the summer and winter seasons in the targeted areas. (3) The amount of water available for irrigation in the targeted areas in summer and winter and comparing it to the optimal water needs of cultivated crops Baseline assessment tasks were accomplished as follows: • Identification of study samples This assessment considered the identification of a random sample of the target groups: 25 small farmers: they represent the villages of the targeted areas, the agricultural ponds, the different issues and the quality of the soil, and the extent of their proximity and distance from the source of irrigation water (front, middle or at the end of the canal), and their cultivation of different crops in their water needs and agricultural practices. 7 groups of members of agricultural associations: represent the board of directors of the association and the technical staff of the association who have leadership attributes, experience, knowledge of the problems of the region, and the ability to understand and analyze them (Annex 5, 6) The members of the government partners are represented by the undersecretary of the Ministry of Agriculture, the undersecretary of the Ministry of Irrigation, the director general of agricultural affairs, and the director of the agricultural department of The Samalout district. • Data collection - The data was collected by designing a questionnaire with a set of questions to feed the purpose of this study. - A team of experienced data collectors with members of rural communities and from an agricultural background were selected to understand the language of farmers and behaviors, in addition to their understanding of the observance and analytical outlook. - Local leaders with the confidence of community members have been called as sources of information to ensure the quality of data and to facilitate the task of data collectors. • Results: First: General and topographical characteristics of the project area: - - From the initial inspection of the study area shows that the soil prevailing in it is the sandy silt soil and the slope of the land generally tends to the north as well as there is a slope from east to west,
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