The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham an Archaeological Excavation
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The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham An Archaeological Excavation View looking east of Building 2, a mid-19th century Scotch kiln identified during the archaeological excavation ARS Ltd Report No-2015/140 OASIS No: archaeol5-224527 Compiled By: Rupert Lotherington PCIfA Archaeological Research Services Ltd The Eco Centre Windmill Way Hebburn Tyne and Wear NE31 1SR Checked By: Robin Holgate MCIfA Tel: 01629 814540 [email protected] www.archaeologicalresearchservices.com An Archaeological Excavation at The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham 2 An Archaeological Excavation at The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham An Archaeological Excavation at The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham ARS Ltd Report 2015/140 June 2015 Archaeological Research Services Ltd Contents Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………. 7 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 2. Location and Geology…………………………………………………………………… 9 3. Background………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 4. Aims and Objectives…………………………………………………………………….. 13 5. Methodology………………………………………………………………………………… 14 6. Results………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 7. Specialist Reports…………………………………………………………………………. 54 8. Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………….. 57 9. Publicity, Confidentiality, Copyright……………………………………………… 63 10. Statement of Indemnity……………………………………………………………….. 63 11. Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………. 63 12. References……………………………………………………………………………………. 63 Appendix I Context Register Appendix II Photograph Register Appendix III Cartographic Data Appendix IV Land Deeds relating to The Potteries, Coxhoe Appendix V Section and Plan Illustrations Appendix VI Tables Appendix VII Brick Samples Appendix VIII Written Scheme of Investigation Appendix IX OASIS Record 3 An Archaeological Excavation at The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham List of Illustrations Figure 1. Site location .......................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2. Plan of development area. ................................................................................. 13 Figure 3. View facing north-west of furnace (Building 1) (scale = 2 x 2m). ...................... 15 Figure 4. View facing north-west of furnace (Building 1) (scale = 1 x 1m). ...................... 15 Figure 5. View facing east of Scotch kiln (Building 2) (scale = 2 x 2m). ............................. 16 Figure 6. North-facing view of Scotch Kiln (Building 2). (scale = 2 x 2). ............................ 18 Figure 7. South-west facing view of Scotch Kiln (Building 2) (scale = 2 x 2m). ................. 18 Figure 8. East facing view of firebox (186e) and buttresses (206) (scale = 1 x 1m). ......... 19 Figure 9. South facing view of fireboxes (186e - h). (scale = 1 x 2m). ............................... 19 Figure 10. North-west facing view of Building 2 and surface (188) (scale = 2 x 2m). ....... 21 Figure 11. North-east facing view of fire-box arch (187a) and ash-pit (scale = 1 x 1m). .. 22 Figure 12. Northern Extent of Building 3 (scale = 2 x 2m). ............................................... 23 Figure 13. West-facing view of Phase 1 fireboxes (109a – d) in Building 3 ...................... 24 Figure 14. North facing view of Phase 1 fireboxes (096a – d) in Building 3 ...................... 25 Figure 15. East-facing view of Phase 2 kiln fireboxes (155a – c) in Building 3 .................. 26 Figure 16. South-east facing view of interior surface (087) in Phase 1 kiln Building 3 (scale = 2 x 2m). ................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 17. South-west facing view of northern extent of Building 3 (scale = 1 x 2m). ..... 28 Figure 18. North-west facing view of firebox (109b) at the northern extent of Phase 1 Kiln in Building 3 (scale = 1 x 1m). ..................................................................................... 29 Figure 19. East-facing view of western flue (154) (scale = 1 x 2m). .................................. 30 Figure 20. East facing view of eastern flue (156) (scale = 1 x 2m). ................................... 31 Figure 21. South-east facing view of Phase 3 firebox (163) (scale = 1 x 1m). ................... 32 Figure 22. Mid-19th century landscaping event [176] filled by grey/black levelling deposit (171) for the support of late 19th-century yard surface (172) (scale = 1 x 1m). ............... 33 Figure 23. South-east facing view of repair (149) to Building 3 ........................................ 34 Figure 24. South-west facing view of wall (113) within late 19th-century flue (156) (scale = 1 x 0.2m). ........................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 25. West facing view of Building 4 - Phase 1 (scale = 2 x 2m). ............................... 36 Figure 26. West facing view of southern extension (021) to Building 4 (scale = 2 x 2m). 37 Figure 27. East facing view of flue F004 in Building 4 (scale = 2 x 2m). ............................ 38 Figure 28. East facing view of flue F004 and repair remodelling (007) (scale = 1 x 2m). 39 Figure 29. East-facing section through flue F004 (scale = 1 x 1m). ................................... 39 Figure 30. North-east facing view of interior surfaces (076), (181) and (182) within Building 5 (scale = 2 x 2m). ................................................................................................ 40 Figure 31. East facing view of eastern interior surfaces (076), (181) and (182). Note the gaps between the surfaces marking the location of the internal partition walls (scale = 2 x 2m). ................................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 32. South-east facing view of surface (181) (scale = 2 x 2m). ................................ 41 Figure 33. South-west facing view of surface (056) in Building 5 (scale = 2 x 2m). .......... 42 Figure 34. South-west facing view of demolition deposit (126) (scale = 1 x 1m). ............ 44 Figure 35. South facing view of flue trench F121 (scale = 1 x 2m). ................................... 45 4 An Archaeological Excavation at The Potteries, Coxhoe, County Durham Figure 36. South-east facing view of flue trench F128 (scale = 1 x 2m). ........................... 46 Figure 37. South-east facing view of robber trench F167 (scale = 1 x 2m). ...................... 48 Figure 38. North-west facing view of robber trench F184 ................................................ 49 Figure 39. South-east facing section through drain F083 (scale = 1 x 0.2m) .................... 50 Figure 40. North-west facing view of 20th century surface (025) and bow window (020) (scale = 2 x 2m). ................................................................................................................. 51 Figure 41. East-facing section through remodelling event F174 (scale = 2 x 2m). ........... 53 Figure 42. South-facing view of landscape remodelling event F174 (scale = 2 x 2m). ..... 53 Figure 43. Reconstruction of the Scotch Kiln (Building 2) at Coxhoe ................................ 58 Figure 44. Gable end wall of Newcastle kiln at Tarasfoot Tileworks in Building 3. .......... 59 Figure 45. 1842 Tithe Map with site location highlighted.. .............................................. 79 Figure 46. 1857 Ordnance Survey map with site location highlighted. ............................ 79 Figure 47. 1890 Ordnance Survey map with site location highlighted. ............................ 80 Figure 48. 1919 Ordnance Survey map with site location highlighted. ............................ 80 Figure 49. 1939 Ordnance Survey map with site location highlighted. ............................ 81 Figure 50. 1962 Ordnance Survey map with site location highlighted. ............................ 81 Figure 51. Aerial Photograph of the site c.1970. ............................................................... 82 Figure 52. Page 1 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 84 Figure 53. Page 2 of 10 from land deeds relating to Coxhoe Pottery site ........................ 85 Figure 54. Page 3 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 86 Figure 55. Page 4 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 87 Figure 56. Page 5 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 88 Figure 57. Page 6 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 89 Figure 58. Page 7 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 90 Figure 59. Page 8 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 91 Figure 60. Page 9 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ................. 92 Figure 61. Page 10 of 10 from land deeds relating to the Coxhoe Pottery site. ............... 93 Figure 62. Mid-19th century building locations. ................................................................ 95 Figure 63. Plan of Late-19th century building locations..................................................... 96 Figure 64. Plan of mid-19th century archaeological features. ........................................... 97 Figure 65. Overall plan of late 19th century archaeological features. ............................... 98 Figure 66. detailed plan of Scotch Kiln – Building 2 .......................................................... 99 Figure