Tenascin-X Increases the Stiffness of Collagen Gels Without Affecting
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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa Jaroslav Mokry * and Rishikaysh Pisal Medical Faculty, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 18 December 2020; Published: 20 December 2020 Abstract: The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs. Keywords: stem cell; epidermal placode; skin adnexa; signalling; hair pigmentation; markers; keratins 1. Epidermal Stem Cells as Units of Development 1.1. Development of the Epidermis and Placode Formation The embryonic skin at very early stages of development is covered by a surface ectoderm that is a precursor to the epidermis and its multiple derivatives. -
The Extracellular Matrix: an Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression
cells Review The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression Ana Margarida Moreira 1,2,3, Joana Pereira 1,2,4, Soraia Melo 1,2,4 , Maria Sofia Fernandes 1,2, Patrícia Carneiro 1,2 , Raquel Seruca 1,2,4 and Joana Figueiredo 1,2,* 1 Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (A.M.M.); [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (M.S.F.); [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 3 Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 4 Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: jfi[email protected]; Tel.: +351-220408800; Fax: +351-225570799 Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 6 February 2020; Published: 8 February 2020 Abstract: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. -
Bruch's Membrane Abnormalities in PRDM5-Related Brittle Cornea
Porter et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (2015) 10:145 DOI 10.1186/s13023-015-0360-4 RESEARCH Open Access Bruch’s membrane abnormalities in PRDM5-related brittle cornea syndrome Louise F. Porter1,2,3, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo4, Catherine L. Keeling5, Martyna Kamieniorz5, Nicoletta Zoppi6, Marina Colombi6, Cecilia Giunta7, Richard Bonshek2,8, Forbes D. Manson1 and Graeme C. Black1,9* Abstract Background: Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare, generalized connective tissue disorder associated with extreme corneal thinning and a high risk of corneal rupture. Recessive mutations in transcription factors ZNF469 and PRDM5 cause BCS. Both transcription factors are suggested to act on a common pathway regulating extracellular matrix genes, particularly fibrillar collagens. We identified bilateral myopic choroidal neovascularization as the presenting feature of BCS in a 26-year-old-woman carrying a novel PRDM5 mutation (p.Glu134*). We performed immunohistochemistry of anterior and posterior segment ocular tissues, as expression of PRDM5 in the eye has not been described, or the effects of PRDM5-associated disease on the retina, particularly the extracellular matrix composition of Bruch’smembrane. Methods: Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against PRDM5, collagens type I, III, and IV was performed on the eyes of two unaffected controls and two patients (both with Δ9-14 PRDM5). Expression of collagens, integrins, tenascin and fibronectin in skin fibroblasts of a BCS patient with a novel p.Glu134* PRDM5 mutation was assessed using immunofluorescence. Results: PRDM5 is expressed in the corneal epithelium and retina. We observe reduced expression of major components of Bruch’s membrane in the eyes of two BCS patients with a PRDM5 Δ9-14 mutation. -
Immunohistochemical Expression of Tenascin and Elastin In
Clinical Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Research Article ISSN: 2059-4828 Immunohistochemical expression of tenascin and elastin in women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or without stress urinary incontinence Ilias Liapis1, Panagiotis Bakas2, Pafiti-Kondi Agatha3, Matrona Frangou-Plemenou4, Charalampos Karachalios5*, Dimos Sioutis6 and Aggelos Liapis2 1Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Health Education England Midlands and East-West Midlands, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom 2Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece 3Pathology Laboratory, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece 4Microbiology Laboratory, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece 5Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece 6Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece Abstract Background and aim: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) constitute entities of pelvic floor disorders and most often occur simultaneously in the same patient, adversely affecting women’s quality of life. The pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence is not fully understood. The pelvic viscera are maintained in their place thanks to interconnection of levator ani muscles, cardinal and uterosacral ligaments, and pubocervical and rectovaginal fascia. Ligaments and fascia consist mainly of connective tissue. -
Decorin, a Growth Hormone-Regulated Protein in Humans
178:2 N Bahl and others Growth hormone increases 178:2 145–152 Clinical Study decorin Decorin, a growth hormone-regulated protein in humans Neha Bahl1,2, Glenn Stone3, Mark McLean2, Ken K Y Ho1,4 and Vita Birzniece1,2,5 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2School of Medicine, Western Sydney Correspondence University, Blacktown Clinical School and Research Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, should be addressed Australia, 3School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South to V Birzniece Wales, Australia, 4Centres of Health Research, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and Email 5School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia v.birzniece@westernsydney. edu.au Abstract Context: Growth hormone (GH) stimulates connective tissue and muscle growth, an effect that is potentiated by testosterone. Decorin, a myokine and a connective tissue protein, stimulates connective tissue accretion and muscle hypertrophy. Whether GH and testosterone regulate decorin in humans is not known. Objective: To determine whether decorin is stimulated by GH and testosterone. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants and Intervention: 96 recreationally trained athletes (63 men, 33 women) received 8 weeks of treatment followed by a 6-week washout period. Men received placebo, GH (2 mg/day), testosterone (250 mg/week) or combination. Women received either placebo or GH (2 mg/day). Main outcome measure: Serum decorin concentration. Results: GH treatment significantly increased mean serum decorin concentration by 12.7 ± 4.2%; P < 0.01. There was a gender difference in the decorin response to GH, with greater increase in men than in women (∆ 16.5 ± 5.3%; P < 0.05 compared to ∆ 9.4 ± 6.5%; P = 0.16). -
New Insight of Some Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Beef Muscles
New insight of some extracellular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities Annabelle Dubost, Didier Micol, Claire Lethias, Anne Listrat To cite this version: Annabelle Dubost, Didier Micol, Claire Lethias, Anne Listrat. New insight of some extracel- lular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities. animal, Pub- lished by Elsevier (since 2021) / Cambridge University Press (until 2020), 2016, 10 (5), pp.1-8. 10.1017/S1751731115002396. hal-02629905 HAL Id: hal-02629905 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629905 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Animal, page 1 of 8 © The Animal Consortium 2015 animal doi:10.1017/S1751731115002396 New insight of some extracellular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities A. Dubost1, D. Micol1, C. Lethias2 and A. Listrat1† 1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; ²Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), FRE 3310 DyHTIT, Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, Cedex 07, France (Received 4 December 2014; Accepted 28 September 2015) The aim of this study was to highlight the relationships between decorin, tenascin-X and type XIV collagen, three minor molecules of extracellular matrix (ECM), with some structural parameters of connective tissue and its content in total collagen, its cross-links (CLs) and its proteoglycans (PGs). -
WES Gene Package Multiple Congenital Anomalie.Xlsx
Whole Exome Sequencing Gene package Multiple congenital anomalie, version 5, 1‐2‐2018 Technical information DNA was enriched using Agilent SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2 capture and paired‐end sequenced on the Illumina platform (outsourced). The aim is to obtain 8.1 Giga base pairs per exome with a mapped fraction of 0.99. The average coverage of the exome is ~50x. Duplicate reads are excluded. Data are demultiplexed with bcl2fastq Conversion Software from Illumina. Reads are mapped to the genome using the BWA‐MEM algorithm (reference: http://bio‐bwa.sourceforge.net/). Variant detection is performed by the Genome Analysis Toolkit HaplotypeCaller (reference: http://www.broadinstitute.org/gatk/). The detected variants are filtered and annotated with Cartagenia software and classified with Alamut Visual. It is not excluded that pathogenic mutations are being missed using this technology. At this moment, there is not enough information about the sensitivity of this technique with respect to the detection of deletions and duplications of more than 5 nucleotides and of somatic mosaic mutations (all types of sequence changes). HGNC approved Phenotype description including OMIM phenotype ID(s) OMIM median depth % covered % covered % covered gene symbol gene ID >10x >20x >30x A4GALT [Blood group, P1Pk system, P(2) phenotype], 111400 607922 101 100 100 99 [Blood group, P1Pk system, p phenotype], 111400 NOR polyagglutination syndrome, 111400 AAAS Achalasia‐addisonianism‐alacrimia syndrome, 231550 605378 73 100 100 100 AAGAB Keratoderma, palmoplantar, -
Ablation of the Decorin Gene Enhances Experimental Hepatic
Laboratory Investigation (2011) 91, 439–451 & 2011 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/11 $32.00 Ablation of the decorin gene enhances experimental hepatic fibrosis and impairs hepatic healing in mice Korne´lia Baghy1, Katalin Dezso+ 1, Vikto´ria La´szlo´ 1, Alexandra Fulla´r1,Ba´lint Pe´terfia1,Sa´ndor Paku1, Pe´ter Nagy1, Zsuzsa Schaff 2, Renato V Iozzo3 and Ilona Kovalszky1 Accumulation of connective tissue is a typical feature of chronic liver diseases. Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates collagen fibrillogenesis during development, and by directly blocking the bioactivity of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGFb1), it exerts a protective effect against fibrosis. However, no in vivo investigations on the role of decorin in liver have been performed before. In this study we used decorin-null (DcnÀ/À) mice to establish the role of decorin in experimental liver fibrosis and repair. Not only the extent of experimentally induced liver fibrosis was more severe in DcnÀ/À animals, but also the healing process was significantly delayed vis-a`-vis wild-type mice. Collagen I, III, and IV mRNA levels in DcnÀ/À livers were higher than those of wild-type livers only in the first 2 months, but no difference was observed after 4 months of fibrosis induction, suggesting that the elevation of these proteins reflects a specific impairment of their degradation. Gelatinase assays confirmed this hypothesis as we found decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and higher expression of TIMP-1 and PAI-1 mRNA in DcnÀ/À livers. In contrast, at the end of the recovery phase increased production rather than impaired degradation was found to be responsible for the excessive connective tissue deposition in livers of DcnÀ/À mice. -
Bifunctional Ectodermal Stem Cells Around the Nail Display Dual Fate Homeostasis and Adaptive Wounding Response Toward Nail Regeneration
Bifunctional ectodermal stem cells around the nail display dual fate homeostasis and adaptive wounding response toward nail regeneration Yvonne Leunga,b,1, Eve Kandybaa,b,1, Yi-Bu Chenc, Seth Ruffinsa, Cheng-Ming Chuongb,d, and Krzysztof Kobielaka,b,2 aEli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, bDepartment of Pathology, and cNorris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and dInternational Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan Edited by Mina J. Bissell, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, and approved August 28, 2014 (received for review October 7, 2013) Regulation of adult stem cells (SCs) is fundamental for organ fingertip (Fig. 1A). Found at the “root” of the NP is the actively maintenance and tissue regeneration. On the body surface, different proliferating nail matrix (Mx) with a keratogenous zone (KZ) ectodermal organs exhibit distinctive modes of regeneration and the directly above where Mx cells differentiate into the overlying NP dynamics of their SC homeostasis remain to be unraveled. A slow (Fig. 1A). Pulse–chase studies have confirmed that Mx cells move cycling characteristic has been used to identify SCs in hair follicles and superficially into the NP and also distally toward the nail bed (4). sweat glands; however, whether a quiescent population exists in The proximal end of the NP is covered by the proximal fold (PF), continuously growing nails remains unknown. Using an in vivo label which is a continuation of the epidermis that folds inward (Fig. -
Development and Validation of a Protein-Based Risk Score for Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Supplementary Online Content Ganz P, Heidecker B, Hveem K, et al. Development and validation of a protein-based risk score for cardiovascular outcomes among patients with stable coronary heart disease. JAMA. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5951 eTable 1. List of 1130 Proteins Measured by Somalogic’s Modified Aptamer-Based Proteomic Assay eTable 2. Coefficients for Weibull Recalibration Model Applied to 9-Protein Model eFigure 1. Median Protein Levels in Derivation and Validation Cohort eTable 3. Coefficients for the Recalibration Model Applied to Refit Framingham eFigure 2. Calibration Plots for the Refit Framingham Model eTable 4. List of 200 Proteins Associated With the Risk of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 3. Hazard Ratios of Lasso Selected Proteins for Primary End Point of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 4. 9-Protein Prognostic Model Hazard Ratios Adjusted for Framingham Variables eFigure 5. 9-Protein Risk Scores by Event Type This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 Supplemental Material Table of Contents 1 Study Design and Data Processing ......................................................................................................... 3 2 Table of 1130 Proteins Measured .......................................................................................................... 4 3 Variable Selection and Statistical Modeling ........................................................................................ -
TGF-Β and BMP Signaling in Osteoblast, Skeletal Development, and Bone Formation, Homeostasis and Disease
OPEN Citation: Bone Research (2016) 4, 16009; doi:10.1038/boneres.2016.9 www.nature.com/boneres REVIEW ARTICLE TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease Mengrui Wu1, Guiqian Chen1,2 and Yi-Ping Li1 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs, acting on a tetrameric receptor complex, transduce signals to both the canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway (that is, TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical-Smad-independent signaling pathway (that is, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis. Both the Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, for example, Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte differentiation from mesenchymal precursor cells. TGF-β and BMP signaling is controlled by multiple factors, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, epigenetic factors, and microRNA. Dysregulated TGF-β and BMP signaling result in a number of bone disorders in humans. Knockout or mutation of TGF-β and BMP signaling-related genes in mice leads to bone abnormalities of varying severity, which enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There is also crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and several critical cytokines’ signaling pathways (for example, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, PTHrP, and FGF) to coordinate osteogenesis, skeletal development, and bone homeostasis. -
Tenascins in Stem Cell Niches
MATBIO-01031; No of Pages 12 Matrix Biology xxx (2014) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Matrix Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matbio Tenascins in stem cell niches Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann a,b,⁎,1,GertraudOrendc,d,e,f,1, Matthias Chiquet g,1, Richard P. Tucker h,1, Kim S. Midwood i,1 a Friedrich Miescher Institute of Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Maulbeerstrasse 66 CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland b Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland c Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MNT3) Team, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France d Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France e LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France f Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France g Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland h Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA i The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom article info abstract Available online xxxx Tenascins are extracellular matrix proteins with distinct spatial and temporal expression during development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Based on their expression patterns and knockout phenotypes an important Keywords: role of tenascins in tissue formation, cell adhesion modulation, regulation of proliferation and