Columbia River Hatchery Reform System-Wide Report February 2009 Prepared by Hatchery Scientific Review Group Acknowledgements Performing this analysis and developing recommendations for over 351 salmonid populations in the Columbia River Basin would not have been possible without the knowledge, commitment and hard work of many individuals. The HSRG members extend special thanks to the contracting staff that supported them: Gary Affonso, Greg Blair, Jeff Boyce, Amy Corsini, Nancy Bond Hemming, Michael Kern, B.J. Mirk, Joan Nichol, Grant Novak, Denise Kelsey, Robyn Redekopp, Joel Rice, Shannon Riper, Jason Shappart, Jason Volk, Jim Waldo and especially Dan Warren. Many regional fishery biologists and managers contributed both their time and expertise in meetings, tours and report reviews, notably: Paul Abbot Richard Carmichael Rod French Todd Alsbury Mark Chilcote Amy Gaskill Bill Arnsburg Guy Chilton Mike Gauvin John Arterburn Bob Clubb John Gebhards Bill Bacon Michael Coffey Jim Gidley Greg Baesler Charlie Corrarino Bryce Glaser Ronald Ballard Patty Crandell Judy Gordon Duane Banks Tim Culberson Steve Grabowski Heather Bartlett Wolf Dammers Jenny Grace Shane Bickford Greg Davis David Graves Joe Blodgett Doug DeHart Tony Grover Steve Boe Greg Delwiche Susan Gutenberger Jeff Boechler Lytle Denny Ronald Hardy Bill Bosch Dan Diggs Rod Harrod Ken Bourne James Dixon Peter Hassemer Ed Bowles Speros Doulos Steve Hays Brett Boyd Tom Dresser Jeff Heindel Robert Bradley John Easterbrooks John Hitron Keith Braun Bruce Eddy Brad Houslet Kat Brigham Roger Elmore Donna Hughes Claudeo Broncho Manuel Farinas Jack Hurst Stephen Brown Brett Farman Tom Iverson Chris Brun Chris Fisher Gary James Howard Burge Randy Fisher Loren Jensen Jody Calica Hilary Forrest Becky Johnson Dave Carie Patrick Frazier Dave Johnson Chris Carlson Chris Frederickson Mark Johnson Columbia River Hatchery Reform Project Page i Final Systemwide Report – Part 1 Brian Jonasson John North Kristi Van Leuven Rob Jones Doug Olson Steven Vigg Tod Jones Bill Otto Jason Vogel Tom Kahler Allyson Ouzts Purcell Rob Walton Pam Kahut Scott Patterson Paul Ward Cory Kamphouse Todd Pearsons Roger Warren Jeff Keonings Dan Peck Ron Warren Keith Keown Larry Peltz Bruce Watson Sharon Kiefer Aaron Penny John Weinheimer Eric Kinne Joe Peone Bill West Bill Kinney Rock Peters John Whalen Rick Klinge Chuck Peven Geoffrey Whisler Kathryn Kostow Patrick Phillips Greg Wilke Chris Kozfkay Julie Pyper Brian Zimmerman Joe Krakker Dan Rawding Bryan Zimmerman Kurt Kremers Phillip Rigdon Sara Laborde Aaron Roberts Russ Langshaw Phil Roger Mark LaRiviere Tom Rogers Ed Larsen Denny Rohl Muhammad Latif Bob Rose Cindy LeFleur Robert Rose Brian Leth Roy Sampsel Stefanie Leth Mel Sampson Mike Lewis Bruce Schmidt Peter Lofy Mark Schuck John Lovrak Jim Scott Kevin Malone Shaun Seaman Larry Marchant Bill Sharp Jerry Marco Sam Sharr Craig Martin John Shurts Steve Martin Mindy Simmons Bill Maslen Charles Strom Chip McConnaha Bruce Suzumoto Bruce McIntosh Doug Taki Mike McLean Larry Telles Gene McPherson John Thorpe Glen Mendel Mark Traynor Alan Meyer Kirk Truscott Guy Norman Robert Turner Columbia River Hatchery Reform Project Page ii Final Systemwide Report – Part 1 Table of Contents Part 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background, Purpose, and Scope ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Organization and Implementation ...................................................................... 3 Columbia River Hatchery Scientific Review Group ...........................................................3 Review Process ....................................................................................................................5 1.3 HSRG Analytical Approach ........................................................................................... 6 Well-Defined Goals .............................................................................................................6 Scientific Defensibility ........................................................................................................7 Informed Decision Making and Adaptive Management ......................................................8 1.4 Report Overview ............................................................................................................. 9 Part 2 – Summary Conclusions, Principles and System-Wide Recommendations ....................................................................................... 11 2.1 Summary Conclusions .................................................................................................. 11 Manage Hatchery Broodstocks to Achieve Proper Genetic Integration with, or Segregation from, Natural Populations ..................................................................12 Promote Local Adaptation of Natural and Hatchery Populations .....................................13 Minimize Adverse Ecological Interactions between Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Fish .........................................................................................................................13 Minimize Effects of Hatchery Facilities on the Ecosystem ...............................................14 Maximize Survival of Hatchery Fish .................................................................................14 2.2 Principles and System-Wide Recommendations .......................................................... 14 Principle: Develop Clear, Specific, Quantifiable Harvest and Conservation Goals for Natural and Hatchery Populations within an “All H” Context ..............................15 Principle: Design and Operate Hatchery Programs in a Scientifically Defensible Manner ...................................................................................................................16 Principle: Monitor, Evaluate and Adaptively Manage Hatchery Programs ......................24 2.3 Next Steps in Hatchery Reform .................................................................................... 26 Implementation Recommendations ...................................................................................27 Part 3 – ESU/MPG Roll-Up Reports ............................................................................ 29 3.1 Chinook ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Lower Columbia River Chinook Salmon ESU ......................................................29 3.1.2 Upper Willamette River Chinook Salmon ESU ....................................................41 3.1.3 Middle Columbia River Spring-run Chinook Salmon ESU ..................................50 Columbia River Hatchery Reform Project Page iii Final Systemwide Report – Part 1 3.1.4 Deschutes River Summer/Fall-run Chinook ESU .................................................59 3.1.5 Upper Columbia River Spring Chinook ESU ........................................................64 3.1.6 Upper Columbia River Summer/Fall Chinook Salmon ESU ................................71 3.1.7 Snake River Fall-Run Chinook ESU .....................................................................82 3.1.8 Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook MPG .........................................................89 3.1.8.1 Upper Salmon River Chinook MPG ..........................................................89 3.1.8.2 Middle Fork Salmon River Chinook MPG ................................................98 3.1.8.3 South Fork Salmon River Chinook MPG ................................................106 3.1.8.4 Grand Ronde and Imnaha Spring Chinook MPG ....................................113 3.1.8.5 Tucannon-Asotin Chinook MPG .............................................................121 3.1.8.6 Clearwater River Spring Chinook MPG ..................................................129 3.2 Coho ESU ................................................................................................................... 139 3.2.1 Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon ESU .........................................................139 3.2.2 Upper Columbia River Coho Salmon ..................................................................151 3.3 Chum ESU .................................................................................................................. 157 3.3.1 Lower Columbia River Chum ESU .....................................................................157 3.4 Steelhead Distinct Population Segments .................................................................... 167 3.4.1 Southwest Washington Steelhead DPS ................................................................167 3.4.2 Lower Columbia River Steelhead DPS ................................................................174 3.4.3 Upper Willamette River Winter Steelhead DPS ..................................................184 3.4.4 Middle Columbia River Steelhead DPS ..............................................................193 3.4.5 Upper Columbia River Steelhead DPS ................................................................202 3.4.6 Snake River Steelhead DPS .................................................................................209 3.4.6.1 Salmon River Steelhead MPG .................................................................209 3.4.6.2 Clearwater River Steelhead MPG ............................................................219 3.4.6.3