Science and Religion: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Course
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William Derham: Csillagteológia () Forrásközlés Történeti-Fi Lológiai Bevezetéssel Szénási Réka – Vassányi Miklós
William Derham: Csillagteológia () Forrásközlés történeti-fi lológiai bevezetéssel Szénási Réka – Vassányi Miklós 1. Derham és a fi ziko-teológia. William Derham (1657-1735) anglikán lelkész polihisztor, természettudós, a Royal Society tagja és a fi ziko-teológiai mozgalom jeles alakja volt. Az alábbi részletet egyik fő művéből, az Astro-Th eology-ból az- zal a céllal közöljük, hogy betekintést nyújtsunk a kora újkori natural theology – kozmikus vagy fi ziko-teológia – egyik nagy hatású angol műhelyébe, és ezáltal megmutassuk, hogy a korszak egy paradigmatikus fi gurája, a természettudós-lelki- pásztor (parson-naturalist) Derham hogyan egyeztette össze a vallást a természet- tudománnyal, illetve – pontosabban – hogyan állította a természetismeretet a hit, az apologetika és a térítés szolgálatába. A többkötetes, népszerű szerző nem volt ugyan hivatásos fi zikus vagy csillagász, de rendszeresen felolvasott a Royal Society ülésein, jó negyven hozzájárulással gazdagította annak folyóiratát, a Philosophical Transactionst, és voltak eredeti fi zikatudományi eredményei (hangsebesség méré- se), valamint technológiai munkássága is (óramechanika), tehát a kor mércéjével mérve természettudósnak is számított. Egész életére kiterjedő lelkészi működését végigkísérte a természettudomány több területének – orvostudomány, biológia, geológia, meteorológia, csillagászat – különösen megfi gyelő tudósként való mű- velése. A természettudomány és a vallás termékeny összekapcsolására mindenek- előtt a nevezetes Boyle Lectures (ld. alant) felkért előadójaként -
Konturen VI (2014) 1
Konturen VI (2014) 1 Introduction: Defining the Human and the Animal Alexander Mathäs University of Oregon Foreword: First, I would like to thank the contributors to this special volume of Konturen: Defining the Human and the Animal. All the authors presented drafts of their manuscripts at a conference on this topic, which took place on May 2 and 3, 2013 at the University of Oregon. I am grateful to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Oregon Humanities Center, the Journal of Comparative Literature, the Univeristy of Oregon’s College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Philosophy, Department of Comparative Literature, the German Studies Committee, and the Department of German and Scandinavian for their generous support. Without them both the conference and the ensuing publication would not have been possible. Special thanks go to my departmental colleagues, and foremost to my Department Head and Chair of the German Studies Committee, Jeffrey Librett, who gave me the opportunity to publish this volume. I am grateful for the support of Alexis Smith, Eva Hofmann, Stephanie Chapman, and Judith Lechner, who assisted me at various stages of the project. I am also indebted to the graduate students who participated in a class on Human-Animal borders that I taught in Winter 2013. Sarah Grew’s assistance with the web design is greatly appreciated. And I would like to thank our office staff, above all Barbara Ver West and Joshua Heath, who were of great help in organizing and advertising the conference. Introduction: In recent years the fairly new field of Animal Studies has received considerable attention (see bibliography). -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details ‘Providence and Political Economy’: Josiah Tucker’s Providential Argument for Free Trade Peter Xavier Price PhD Thesis in Intellectual History University of Sussex April 2016 2 University of Sussex Peter Xavier Price Submitted for the award of a PhD in Intellectual History ‘Providence and Political Economy’: Josiah Tucker’s Providential Argument for Free Trade Thesis Summary Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican Dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known as a political pamphleteer, controversialist and political economist. Regularly called upon by Britain’s leading statesmen, and most significantly the Younger Pitt, to advise them on the best course of British economic development, in a large variety of writings he speculated on the consequences of North American independence for the global economy and for international relations; upon the complicated relations between small and large states; and on the related issue of whether low wage costs in poor countries might always erode the competitive advantage of richer nations, thereby establishing perpetual cycles of rise and decline. -
An Overview of the Independent Histories of the Human Y Chromosome and the Human Mitochondrial Chromosome
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 8 Print Reference: Pages 133-151 Article 7 2018 An Overview of the Independent Histories of the Human Y Chromosome and the Human Mitochondrial chromosome Robert W. Carter Stephen Lee University of Idaho John C. Sanford Cornell University, Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science,Follow this Plant and Biology additional Section works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Carter, R.W., S.S. Lee, and J.C. Sanford. An overview of the independent histories of the human Y- chromosome and the human mitochondrial chromosome. 2018. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 133–151. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Carter, R.W., S.S. Lee, and J.C. Sanford. An overview of the independent histories of the human Y-chromosome and the human mitochondrial chromosome. 2018. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. -
Human Origins and Human Nature: Mitochondrial Eve and Y- Chromosomal Adam
Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers Volume 26 Issue 5 Article 8 12-1-2009 Human Origins and Human Nature: Mitochondrial Eve and Y- Chromosomal Adam James A. Marcum Follow this and additional works at: https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy Recommended Citation Marcum, James A. (2009) "Human Origins and Human Nature: Mitochondrial Eve and Y-Chromosomal Adam," Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers: Vol. 26 : Iss. 5 , Article 8. DOI: 10.5840/faithphil200926556 Available at: https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol26/iss5/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ePLACE: preserving, learning, and creative exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers by an authorized editor of ePLACE: preserving, learning, and creative exchange. HUMAN ORIGINS AND HUMAN NATURE: MITOCHONDRIAL EVE AND Y-CHROMOSOMAL ADAM James A. Marcum Both religion and science provide powerful images of human origins and hu- man nature. Often these images are seen as incompatible or irreconcilable, with the religious image generally marginalized vis-à-vis the scientific image. Recent genetic studies into human origins, especially in terms of common cellular features like the mitochondrion from females and the Y-chromosome from males, provide evidence for common ancestors called mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam. The aim of this paper is to expound upon the Judeo-Christian and western scientific images of humanity with respect to human origins and human nature, especially in terms of possible reconcili- ation of the two images. -
![Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/8862/archons-commanders-notice-they-are-not-anlien-parasites-and-then-in-a-mirror-image-of-the-great-emanations-of-the-pleroma-hundreds-of-lesser-angels-438862.webp)
Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels
A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas. -
The Philosophical and Historical Roots of Evolutionary Tree Diagrams
Evo Edu Outreach (2011) 4:515–538 DOI 10.1007/s12052-011-0355-0 HISTORYAND PHILOSOPHY Depicting the Tree of Life: the Philosophical and Historical Roots of Evolutionary Tree Diagrams Nathalie Gontier Published online: 19 August 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract It is a popularly held view that Darwin was the were the result of this blend would, from the nineteenth first author to draw a phylogenetic tree diagram. However, century onward, also include the element of time. The as is the case with most popular beliefs, this one also does recognition of time would eventually lead to the recognition not hold true. Firstly, Darwin never called his diagram of of evolution as a fact of nature, and subsequently, tree common descent a tree. Secondly, even before Darwin, tree iconographies would come to represent exclusively the diagrams were used by a variety of philosophical, religious, evolutionary descent of species. and secular scholars to depict phenomena such as “logical relationships,”“affiliations,”“genealogical descent,”“af- Keywords Species classification . Evolutionary finity,” and “historical relatedness” between the elements iconography. Tree of life . Networks . Diagram . Phylogeny. portrayed on the tree. Moreover, historically, tree diagrams Genealogy. Pedigree . Stammbaum . Affinity. Natural themselves can be grouped into a larger class of diagrams selection that were drawn to depict natural and/or divine order in the world. In this paper, we trace the historical roots and cultural meanings of these tree diagrams. It will be Introduction demonstrated that tree diagrams as we know them are the outgrowth of ancient philosophical attempts to find the In this paper, we focus on the “why” of tree iconography. -
Chapter 8: Adam and Eve and Human Origins
CHAPTER 7. ADAM AND EVE AND HUMAN ORIGINS Genesis 3:20. And Adam called his wife’s name Eve because she was the mother of all living. The subject of Adam and Eve and human origins is the most difficult to explain of the many science-Bible issues, and the hardest to reconcile theologically. The church’s position on this issue appears “set” and not about to change: Adam and Eve are the father and mother of the whole human race. This has been the traditional view of the church for centuries, and many church “professions of faith” have this statement in them. Furthermore, the church has not, in general, had this traditional view challenged by science because it has only been in the last 50 years or so, and especially in the last ten, that the preponderance of scientific evidence has mounted against it. It has been my experience that Christians exhibit one of the following attitudes on the subject of human origins, and I personally know Christians that fall into each of these categories: Ignorance. People who don’t know. Many Christians, and perhaps the majority, fall into this category. The scientific evidence is relatively recent and still in a state of flux, so this subject has not been prominently featured on television, nor has it been designated by the Christian community as a subject to be contended – in contrast to the subject of evolution, which has been contentious for almost 150 years. Therefore most Christians are unfamiliar with this subject as a science-Bible issue. Apathy. People who don’t care. -
The Synoptic Scientific Image in Early Modern Europe*
| The Synoptic Scientific Image in Early Modern Europe | 159 | The Synoptic Scientific Image in Early Modern Europe * Lorraine DASTON ** T I. Seeing the Impossible the centaur (Fig. 1) or monstrous hybrids like this man-pig (Fig. 2). Rather, I have in mind more subtle Historians of Renaissance and early modern impossibilities, in which the cunning of the artist pan - European art have long remarked on the many ways ders to a certain yearning to see more broadly, in which drawings and paintings gave viewers a deeply, or sharply than located human vision ever glimpse of the impossible. By this I mean not only the could. obvious examples : images of fabulous creatures like This kind of illusion goes well beyond the trompe l’oeil mimesis of the still life, which after all only tricks the eye into thinking that the two-dimensional painting is a three-dimensional arrangement of per - fectly possible flowers, fruits, and other objects. Instead, the illusion stretches human vision to super - human feats of panoramic sweep (Fig. 3) 1, integra - tion of multiple viewpoints (Fig. 4) 2, or simultaneous focusing of foreground and background (Fig. 5) 3. These are not images of impossible objects but rather of impossible seeing. In this article, I would like to explore a kind of impos - sible seeing attempted time and time again in six - teenth- and seventeenth-century natural history, nat - ural philosophy, and even mathematics : synoptic see - ing, or seeing everything all at once, in one glance. The “ everything ” in question could be the patterns of Fig. 1. Centaur, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Monstrorum historia the prevailing winds across the globe or the type of a (Bologna, 1642) : 31. -
Copyrighted Material
Chapter 1 History Systematics has its origins in two threads of biological science: classification and evolution. The organization of natural variation into sets, groups, and hierarchies traces its roots to Aristotle and evolution to Darwin. Put simply, systematization of nature can and has progressed in absence of causative theories relying on ideas of “plan of nature,” divine or otherwise. Evolutionists (Darwin, Wallace, and others) proposed a rationale for these patterns. This mixture is the foundation of modern systematics. Originally, systematics was natural history. Today we think of systematics as being a more inclusive term, encompassing field collection, empirical compar- ative biology, and theory. To begin with, however, taxonomy, now known as the process of naming species and higher taxa in a coherent, hypothesis-based, and regular way, and systematics were equivalent. Roman bust of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) 1.1 Aristotle Systematics as classification (or taxonomy) draws its Western origins from Aris- totle1. A student of Plato at the Academy and reputed teacher of Alexander the Great, Aristotle founded the Lyceum in Athens, writing on a broad variety of topics including what we now call biology. To Aristotle, living things (species) came from nature as did other physical classes (e.g. gold or lead). Today, we refer to his classification of living things (Aristotle, 350 BCE) that show simi- larities with the sorts of classifications we create now. In short, there are three featuresCOPYRIGHTED of his methodology that weMATERIAL recognize immediately: it was functional, binary, and empirical. Aristotle’s classification divided animals (his work on plants is lost) using Ibn Rushd (Averroes) functional features as opposed to those of habitat or anatomical differences: “Of (1126–1198) land animals some are furnished with wings, such as birds and bees.” Although he recognized these features as different in aspect, they are identical in use. -
Stories from the Book of Genesis Adam and Eve – a Telling Tale Genesis 2: 15–17; 3: 1–20
Trinity College Cambridge 16 October 2011 Telling Tales: Stories from the book of Genesis Adam and Eve – A Telling Tale Genesis 2: 15–17; 3: 1–20 Bernard Silverman The tale of Adam and Eve comes second in the Bible, but is surely the most telling tale and the most told. It has become a story about the origins of so many things: human beings, animals, agriculture, sexual reproduction, the pain of periods and childbirth, language, marriage, and, above all, sin. The pervasiveness of this tale is illustrated in the terminology used by geneticists for the most recent matrilineal ancestor of all human beings alive today: mitochondrial Eve, and the most recent patrilineal ancestor: Y-chromosome Adam. Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200,000 years ago, but Y-chromosome Adam much more recently, perhaps only about 100,000 years. Of course, because it’s to do with the ancestors of all current living humanity, Y-chromosome Adam ought to be called Y-chromosome Noah. And since we don’t know the genealogy of the unnamed wives of Noah and his sons, the biblical identity of their most recent matrilineal ancestor remains a mystery. But it’s not likely to have been Eve. As for the origin of sexual reproduction, the first living organisms on earth appeared about 3500 million years ago, but it took over 2000 million years for sexual reproduction to evolve. If you want to find a common ancestor for all sexually reproducing organisms, you go back not to a Garden with God separating the first human into a man and a woman, but to a single celled organism called a eukaryote, and probably an event involving a pox-like virus. -
The Human Family Tree: 10 Adams and 18 Eves
The Human Family Tree: 10 Adams and 18 Eves By NICHOLAS WADE The NY Times May 2, 2000 The book of Genesis mentions three of Adam and Eve’s children: Cain, Abel and Seth. But geneticists, by tracing the DNA patterns found in people throughout the world, have now identified lineages descended from 10 sons of a genetic Adam and 18 daughters of Eve. The human genome is turning out to be a rich new archive for historians and prehistorians, one whose range extends from recent times to the dawn of human existence. Delvers in the DNA archive have recently found evidence for a prehistoric human migration from Western Asia to North America; identified the people who seem closest to the ances- tral human population; and given substantial weight to the whispers, long dismissed by historians, that Thomas Jefferson fathered a family with his slave Sally Hemings. A new history of Britain and Ireland by Norman Davies, ‘’The Isles,’’ (Oxford University Press) begins with an account of Cheddar man, an 8,980-year-old skeleton from which mitochondrial DNA was recently extracted. The DNA turned out to match that of Adrian Targett, a teacher in a Cheddar Village school, proving a genetic continuity that, despite numerous invasions, had endured through nine millenniums. Unlike the DNA test used in forensic cases, which is designed to identify individuals, DNA analysis that seeks to reach back in time usually focuses on lineages, not individuals. From patterns in the DNA data, biologists can often estimate the sizes of ancient populations and even the approximate dates when one group of people split from another.