Diciembre 2016.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Diciembre 2016.Pdf Sumario invierno – diciembre 2016 – Nº 37 4 Los cantantes castrados / Juan J. López de los Ríos - Opera World 19 En el 150 aniversario de Lucrecia Arana / Lucrecia Enseñat Benlliure y Francisco Javier Osés Sola 25 La Temporada del Teatro de la Zarzuela 2016-17 27 La crítica operística: un análisis de su presente y su futuro / Javier Martínez Luengo 37 Conversaciones con… Antoni Ros-Marbà / Isabel Imaz 41 Las mejores mezzosopranos de la actualidad / Opera World 45 El teatro musical como espectáculo / Opera World - Ignacio García 52 El Réquiem de Verdi: ¿Acaso una ópera de difuntos? / Manuela Herrera 56 Los ciclos líricos del Centro Nacional de Difusión Musical: UNIVERSO BARROCO & XXIII CICLO DE LIED 61 Libros de Actualidad INTERMEZZO es una publicación de la Asociación de Amigos de la Ópera de Madrid Editor: Alfredo Flórez Coordinación editorial: Julio Cano Redacción: Alfredo Flórez, Isabel Imaz, Manuela Herrera, Javier Martín Luengo, Julio Cano, Juan J. Rodríguez de los Ríos, Lucrecia Enseñat Benlliure, Francisco Javier Osés Sola e Ignacio García. Diseño, maquetación e imágenes: Equipo Kapta La Asociación de Amigos de la Ópera de Madrid, no necesariamente comparte el contenido de los artículos publicados en esta revista, ya que son responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores. Información: [email protected] Editor: [email protected] Noticias: [email protected] Depósito Legal: M-26359-2005 © de los artículos: los autores 1 3 Los cantantes castrados Juan J. Rodríguez de los Ríos - Opera World Hace ya bastantes años, posiblemente entonces Confieso, que como mi falta de conocimiento la televisión aún fuera en blanco y negro, centré acerca del tema era total, y del único castrado mi atención en un programa en el que partici- que me sonaba el nombre era el de “Farinelli”, paba el eminente psiquiatra, doctor don Juan me dije: ¿Cómo puede estar grabada la voz de Antonio Vallejo Nágera, quien, con su proverbial este hombre, si es muy anterior a este siglo? buen gusto y vasto conocimiento, habló larga- mente acerca de la música y de los castrados Ni que decir tiene, que desde entonces traté, siempre en vano, de conseguir dicho registro y En su disertación citó que entre sus objetos más de documentarme en lo que creí, y sigo creyen- raros de coleccionista figuraba la grabación de do, que es un tema tan apasionante, quizá por uno de aquellos cantantes, y hasta se dejó es- el misterio y oscurantismo con que fue tratado; cuchar un fragmento de aquella voz, que a mí hay que pensar que en varios países, entre ellos se me antojó que sonaba patética, no se si por España, hasta hace pocos años, para ignorar la autodefensa, ante una mutilación que se efec- fealdad de la palabra “castrado”, se les denomi- tuaba para servir al canto. naba “voces blancas”. 4 Después de un largo paréntesis he logrado la grabación antes citada. Se trata de un docu- mento fechado en 1902 y, según la nota que incluye la carpetilla del disco, es “el único tes- timonio de un auténtico castrado de la Capilla Sixtina”. El cantante es Alexandro Moreschi, y el fragmento interpretado el “Crucifixus”, de la Pequeña misa solemne, de Rossini. Al igual que el doctor Vallejo Nágera, lo considero una “Ra- reza” digna de formar parte de mi colección de CDs, después de tantos años transcurridos. Mi interés por conocer el universo de este tipo de cantantes me hizo profundizar tanto en el tema, que de sólo conocer el nombre de “Fari- nelli”, en el escrito que sigue, doy cabida a algo más de una veintena de los más sobresalientes castrados de la historia del canto, y una idea ge- neralizada, tratando de no herir sensibilidades, de cómo eran captados y “operados”. Los castrados o evirados, también llamados fal- setistas naturales, son un fenómeno típico del barroco italiano, debido a que, según se inter- Moreschi pretó en su momento, las mujeres no podían cantar en las iglesias. San Pablo, en una epístola Sin embargo, se llegó a creer que aquellos can- a los corintios, dice: “Mulier in eclesia tacet”: tantes emitían sonidos de poca intensidad y se “La mujer calla en la iglesia”. La frase, lógica- juzgó al falsete como una voz de calidad infe- mente, puede interpretarse de diversas maneras, rior a la de emisión natural por la que, incluso, pero, sabe Dios quién, la dirigió a las cantantes se mal juzgó esta técnica como una falsifica- que, con sus voces, solemnizaban la liturgia, im- ción de la realidad. El problema estaba creado pidiendo que volvieran a cantar en los coros de ¿Cómo conseguir que un hombre totalmente los templos. Incluso, se fue mucho más allá, en desarrollado tuviera voz de mujer? algunas ciudades-estado de Italia, se les prohi- bió que subieran al escenario a cantar. La ciencia médica era conocedora de que por una enfermedad que producía un trastorno Alessandro Moreschi testicular antes de la pubertad, denominado “Hipogonadismo masculino prepuberal”, la voz, Este revés en el arte, dio lugar a una especiali- cuando el varón dejaba de ser niño, no sufría zación masculina en los registros más agudos. cambio alguno, aunque también surgían, para- Los tenores acometían aquellas notas fuera de lelamente, otras anomalías físicas, detalladas su extensión, en falsete, empezando a surgir los más adelante. primeros sopranistas, contraltos y contrateno- res de la historia. La técnica del falsete se lo- La solución era inapelable. Había que privar a graba para obtener sonidos agudos, mediante la sangre de las hormonas sexuales masculinas el cierre de la parte posterior de la hendidura segregadas por los testículos. Sin estas glándu- de la glotis; ésta es un segmento medio de la las, la voz no tiene la más mínima alteración. laringe que comunica con la faringe, en el cual Por el arte, poco importaba el resto de las de- están contenidas las cuerdas vocales. formaciones, para someter y someterse al frío 5 corte del acero quirúrgico, para renunciar a una potencia y amplitud del hombre desarrolla- parte muy importante de la masculinidad. do, con la resultante de una categoría vocal y agilidades propias de una mujer. Se llegó a La medicina, a través de la cirugía tendría la afirmar que la voz del castrado era muy su- palabra. Se buscaron niños que estuvieran do- perior a la del hombre por la flexibilidad y la tados de una bonita voz, con características de- ligereza; superior a la de la mujer por el mor- terminadas, que abarcaban los timbres de tiple dente, y muy por encima de ambas por abarcar a contralto, y en la pubertad eran sometidos una mayor tesitura y capacidad del fiato que, a una orquiotomía o emasculación -práctica como sabemos, es la emisión de voz en una sola oriental no destinada al arte- que consistía en respiración. Por si existe duda de qué es el mor- esterilizarlos privándoles de los testículos antes dente, habrá que aclarar que es una ornamenta- del cambio de voz, a través de una operación ción especialmente utilizada por los clavicem- quirúrgica, en ocasiones practicada por un bar- balistas franceses y adoptada por los cantantes bero, destinada a detener el crecimiento de la de ópera, que consiste en alternar con rapidez laringe. una nota principal con la inferior o la superior La castración se realizaba amparada en una in- de ésta. dicación médica, se decía que para evitar ma- Tímbricamente, la voz sonaba más o menos os- les mayores, como haber recibido la coz de una cura, con mayor o menor cuerpo, pudiéndose caballería y estar expuesto a una gangrena. En principio, debió de cumplirse a rajatabla, ya que estaba penada con la excomunión y otras penas civiles, para quienes la llevasen a cabo, aunque después debió hacerse la vista gorda, ya que un barbero de Nápoles, anunciaba con un gran cartel en su establecimiento: “Aquí se castran niños”. El proceso de emasculación, debido a la medici- na, consistía en sumergir al muchacho en agua muy caliente, se le apretaba la yugular hasta que se desmayara; en otra técnica, lo atontaban con vino y la tintura de láudano -preparado, este último, a base de extracto de hidro-alcohó- lico de opio, azafrán, canela y clavo-. En ambas, con una pequeña incisión se le abría el escroto y se le extirpaban las glándulas sexuales antes de que recuperase el conocimiento, cortándose las hemorragias con eficacísimos emplastos. La operación, se decía que era casi indolora y, en la mayoría de los casos, un éxito total. Este fenómeno fue, en un principio, impulsado por una doble necesidad: la artística y la eco- nómica. En relación a la primera, se tenía un adulto con amplia caja torácica que conserva- ba alguna de las características de adolescente, como frescura y brillantez. A sus conocimien- tos a través del estudio y la técnica añadía la 6 y cuya media de vida no sobrepasaba los treinta años. Como se verá, la edad a la que llegaban los evirados era tan alta como la que se pueda llegar a tener en la actualidad. Regularmente, los que triunfaban espectacu- larmente, pronto eran adoptados y protegidos por algún aristócrata, mecenas acaudalado o jerarquía eclesiástica. De los apellidos de éstos y de los maestros que habían tenido adoptaban el seudónimo o alias; de los filarmónicos her- manos Farina, tomaría Broschi su celebérrimo “Farinelli”. Como ha quedado dicho, tras la operación, algunos efectos o síntomas secundarios les acompañaría de forma irreversible: un enve- jecimiento precoz y, a menudo, un estado me- lancólico de origen senil. En cuanto a la con- figuración del cuerpo, ésta derivaba en tres prototipos: los que conseguían una gran esta- tura, con largos brazos y piernas, tórax corto Broschi y ancho; la medicina explica este fenómeno diciendo que al no producirse la influencia androgénica sobre el cierre epifisario, el creci- equiparar a lo que hoy conocemos en las cuer- miento óseo se prolonga.
Recommended publications
  • «Je Me Figurais Être Orphée», Wrote Countess Sophie Fersen After At- Tending a Performance of Christoph Gluck's Orpheus Oc
    Women in love: Gluck’s Orpheus as a source of romantic consolation in Vienna, Paris, and Stockholm JOHN A. RICE ABSTRACT Among those who witnessed early performances of Gluck’s Orfeo ed Euridice were Princess Isabelle of Parma, Julie de Lespinasse, and Countess Sophie Fersen. Orpheus, and the music Gluck wrote for him, stirred up similar responses in these passionate young women, all of whom found in the protagonist’s tragic plight consolation for own romantic yearning. This paper explores their emotio- nal states, as documented in their letters, and offers some explanations for their identification with a male character from Greek mythology, as brought to life by Gluck’s music and the men who sang it. «Je me figurais être Orphée», wrote Countess Sophie Fersen after at- tending a performance of Christoph Gluck’s Orpheus och Euridice in Stockholm in 1777. She was writing to a man with whom she had been involved in a brief and passionate love affair, and who had just left Sweden. Countess Fersen was not the only young woman who found romantic consolation in Gluck’s Orpheus. Already during the first run of performances in 1762, Princess Isabelle of Parma, recently married to Archduke (later Emperor) Joseph, wrote mournfully to her sister-in-law Marie Christine, whose company she much preferred to Joseph’s. Isabelle identified herself with Orpheus as a way of express- ing the depth and hopelessness of her love. And shortly after the première of the Paris version in 1774, Julie de Lespinasse wrote to her beloved Comte de Guibert, who was far from Paris, that she found a mixture of pain and pleasure in Gluck’s opera: «Je voudrois entendre dix fois par jour cet air qui me déchire, et qui me fait jouir de tout ce que je regrette: j’ai perdu mon Euridice».
    [Show full text]
  • A Countertenor's Reference Guide to Operatic Repertoire
    A COUNTERTENOR’S REFERENCE GUIDE TO OPERATIC REPERTOIRE Brad Morris A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC May 2019 Committee: Christopher Scholl, Advisor Kevin Bylsma Eftychia Papanikolaou © 2019 Brad Morris All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Christopher Scholl, Advisor There are few resources available for countertenors to find operatic repertoire. The purpose of the thesis is to provide an operatic repertoire guide for countertenors, and teachers with countertenors as students. Arias were selected based on the premise that the original singer was a castrato, the original singer was a countertenor, or the role is commonly performed by countertenors of today. Information about the composer, information about the opera, and the pedagogical significance of each aria is listed within each section. Study sheets are provided after each aria to list additional resources for countertenors and teachers with countertenors as students. It is the goal that any countertenor or male soprano can find usable repertoire in this guide. iv I dedicate this thesis to all of the music educators who encouraged me on my countertenor journey and who pushed me to find my own path in this field. v PREFACE One of the hardships while working on my Master of Music degree was determining the lack of resources available to countertenors. While there are opera repertoire books for sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, tenors, baritones, and basses, none is readily available for countertenors. Although there are online resources, it requires a great deal of research to verify the validity of those sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Orfeo Euridice
    ORFEO EURIDICE NOVEMBER 14,17,20,22(M), 2OO9 Opera Guide - 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS What to Expect at the Opera ..............................................................................................................3 Cast of Characters / Synopsis ..............................................................................................................4 Meet the Composer .............................................................................................................................6 Gluck’s Opera Reform ..........................................................................................................................7 Meet the Conductor .............................................................................................................................9 Meet the Director .................................................................................................................................9 Meet the Cast .......................................................................................................................................10 The Myth of Orpheus and Eurydice ....................................................................................................12 OPERA: Then and Now ........................................................................................................................13 Operatic Voices .....................................................................................................................................17 Suggested Classroom Activities
    [Show full text]
  • PRESSQUOTES Hanna-Liisa Kirchin
    PRESSQUOTES Hanna-Liisa Kirchin MEZZO SOPRANO Orfeo / Orfeo ed Euridice / Longborough Festival Opera / 2017 Cond. Jeremy Silver / Dir. Maria Jagusz “Her voice is fascinating: sweet and powerful, it had a plangent, matte finish that really did make her sound like something between a countertenor and a more conventional mezzo. In a role originally written for a castrato, and embodying a figure from myth, it was simultaneously strange and wonderfully fitting – heightened by the grace with which Kirchin walked the line between classical dignity and raw, wrenching pain.” (The Crtics’ Circle / Richard Bratby) “Hanna-Liisa Kirchin brings human nobility and ardour as Orfeo in lamenting the death of Euridice, which does not relent either as he undergoes the trial of leading her out of Hades whilst attempting to avoid the temptation of turning around to her, or in his final triumph." (Classicalsource / Curtis Rogers) “Hanna-Liisa Kirchin sang with heart on her sleeve emotion to carry the opera as Orfeo ... her ‘Che farò senza Euridice? was the grief-stricken highlight it must be.” (Seen & Heard International / Jim Pritchard) “As the mythic quester, Hanna-Liisa Kirchin displayed a mezzo which is not huge but which is sweet-toned and expressive. Interestingly, my guest remarked that at first he was uncertain whether Orfeo was being sung by a countertenor or a mezzo, for Kirchin’s voice does have an unusual colour - one which was most effective in a role initially taken by the castrato Gaetano Guadagni... Kirchin worked hard in ‘Che farò senza Euridice’: her voicing of loss was dignified and imbued with wrenching pain...” (Opera Today / Claire Seymour) "...and with a superb central performance as Orfeo movingly sung and acted by mezzo Hanna- Liisa Kirchin who clearly has a stellar career ahead of her.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Castrados
    LOS CASTRADOS “Mi querido niño [...] os diré con términos más insinuantes que debéis haceros pulir mediante una ligera operación, que os asegurará por mucho tiempo la delicadeza de vuestro cutis y la belleza de vuestra voz para toda la vida...” Charles de Saint-Evremond, 1685 Por Doña Juana La Loca Los castrados (castrati), evirados o i musicci, es como se denominó a aquellos niños a los que se les retiró los testículos antes de la pubertad, antes del desarrollo sexual secundario y que trajo consigo voces de una belleza sublime, los menos, así como infinidad de desgraciados infantes que fueron despreciados hasta el fin de sus días. En el siglo XVI, la iglesia no permitía que las mujeres cantaran en público y esto asociado a que los compositores de cámara empezaron a incluir complejas polifonías, en las cuales los niños empezaban a tener problemas para interpretarlas, ya que cuando todavía llegaban a los agudos no tenían la fuerza requerida y cuando adquirían esa fuerza durante la pubertad la ascensión al agudo se tornaba en sonidos galleados. El problema empezó a solucionarse con la traída, a la Capilla Sixtina, de españoles falsetistas, de los cuales se sospechaba que muchos de ellos eran ya castrados. Los rumores apuntaban a que ya hubo castrados en el coro de la iglesia de San Pedro de Roma desde 1533, pero fue a partir de 1589 cuando el papa Sixto V expidió una bula para la castración, pues cualquier tipo de mutilación estaba castigada por la propia iglesia salvo para salvar la vida, hecho que permitió la entrada de cuatro castrati a dicho coro.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER Editor: Francis Knights
    NEWSLETTER Editor: Francis Knights Volume v/1 (Spring 2021) Welcome to the NEMA Newsletter, the online pdf publication for members of the National Early Music Association UK, which appears twice yearly. It is designed to share and circulate information and resources with and between Britain’s regional early music Fora, amateur musicians, professional performers, scholars, instrument makers, early music societies, publishers and retailers. As well as the listings section (including news, obituaries and organizations) there are a number of articles, including work from leading writers, scholars and performers, and reports of events such as festivals and conferences. INDEX Interview with Bruno Turner, Ivan Moody p.3 A painted villanella: In Memoriam H. Colin Slim, Glen Wilson p.9 To tie or not to tie? Editing early keyboard music, Francis Knights p.15 Byrd Bibliography 2019-2020, Richard Turbet p.20 The Historic Record of Vocal Sound (1650-1829), Richard Bethell p.30 Collecting historic guitars, David Jacques p.83 Composer Anniversaries in 2021, John Collins p.87 v2 News & Events News p.94 Obituaries p.94 Societies & Organizations p.95 Musical instrument auctions p.96 Conferences p.97 Obituary: Yvette Adams, Mark Windisch p.98 The NEMA Newsletter is produced twice yearly, in the Spring and Autumn. Contributions are welcomed by the Editor, email [email protected]. Copyright of all contributions remains with the authors, and all opinions expressed are those of the authors, not the publisher. NEMA is a Registered Charity, website http://www.earlymusic.info/nema.php 2 Interview with Bruno Turner Ivan Moody Ivan Moody: How did music begin for you? Bruno Turner: My family was musical.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER of the American Handel Society
    NEWSLETTER of The American Handel Society Volume XXX, Number 3 Winter 2015 EXHIBITION: “HANDEL: A LIFE WITH FRIENDS” HANDEL & HENDRIX IN LONDON JULY 1, 2015 – JANUARY 10, 2016 The opportunity to curate an exhibit for the Handel House Museum (now re-baptized as Handel & Hendrix in London) gave me a special opportunity to think in a new way about the documents and objects that had played a role in the research for my book George Frideric Handel: A Life with Friends (New York: W. “HANDEL AND HIS EIGHTEENTH- W. Norton, 2014). In the following, I’ve chosen a few CENTURY PERFORMERS” examples from the exhibit to illustrate the kinds of THE HANDEL INSTITUTE discussions and fact-finding that occurred before and after the installation. CONFERENCE, LONDON I would say that the pièce de résistance of the exhibit NOVEMBER 21–23, 2015 is the 1731 painting by William Hogarth of The Wesley Family (with Anne Donnellan) from the Wellington The Handel Institute (the British equivalent of Collection, Stratfield Saye House. This is one of two the AHS) organizes a conference every three years, and objects in the exhibit that I had only seen previously in in late 2015, scholars from across the globe gathered in reproduction, and it is an image of great importance. London for three days of papers and discussion mostly Not only does it show us Donnellan on the brink of song centering on the main theme of the conference “Handel in a domestic setting among her cousin’s family, but it and His Eighteenth-Century Performers.” The first two also introduces us to the extended family of Richard days were hosted by the Foundling Museum (also home Wesley (1690-1758).
    [Show full text]
  • Heroes and Heroines Handel
    Heroes & Heroines Booklet (New Times) 5/5/05 9:03 Page 2 CORO The Sixteen Edition CORO The Sixteen Edition Sarah Connolly Heroes and Heroines Handel To find out more about HARRY CHRISTOPHERS The Sixteen, concerts tours THE SYMPHONY OF or to buy CDs, visit www.thesixteen.com C O R 1 6 0 2 5 HARMONY AND INVENTION Heroes & Heroines Booklet (New Times) 5/5/05 9:03 Page 46 FROM HERCULES (Dejanira) I have to confess thatOfficial this recording launch of makes‘Heroes me and feel Heroines’ very Sarah Connolly proud. Proud, in thatat everythe 2004 singer Handel who in has Oxford ever Festival,left The bm Sinfonia (Act 2) Sixteen to pursue a solomade career, possible has through been, andthe generousindeed is, Heroes and Heroines very successful. Sarahsupport Connolly, of The however, Zvi Meitar is more Family than Fund. that – she is exceptional. bn Recitative George Frideric Handel She sang with theRecording group in Producer: the late Mark 1980s Brown and early 1990s and her virtuosity,Recording stunning Engineer: performing Mike Hatch ability Dissembling, false, perfidious Hercules!HARRY CHRISTOPHERSThe sun should cease to dawn, the silver moon and vivacious personalityRecorded were at St. very Silas muchthe Martyr, apparent then; Did he not swear, when THEfirst heSYMPHONY woo’d my OFlove, HARMONYBe blotted AND fromINVENTION her orb, ere he prov’d false? Kentish Town, London there was always an additional surge of electricity when Photography: Peter Warren. www.peterwarren.co.uk she was around. Now, of course, Sarah is one ofVocal this Consultant: country’s Gerald finest Martin singers Moore and a great Handelian.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CASTRATO SACRIFICE: WAS IT JUSTIFIED? Jennifer Sowle, B.A
    THE CASTRATO SACRIFICE: WAS IT JUSTIFIED? Jennifer Sowle, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2006 APPROVED: Elizabeth King Dubberly, Major Professor Stephen Dubberly, Committee Member Jeffrey Snider, Committee Member Graham Phipps, Director of Graduate Studies in the College of Music James C. Scott, Dean of the College of Music Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Sowle, Jennifer, The Castrato Sacrifice: Was it Justified? Master of Arts (Music), August 2006, 65 pages, references, 30 titles. One of the greatest mysteries in the history of music is the castrato singers of the Baroque era. Castration has existed for many thousands of years, but for the first time in history, it was used for artistic purposes. Who were these men who seemingly gave up their masculinity for the sake of music? By examining the time period and circumstances in which these musicians lived, an answer may be found. Exploring the economic, social, and political structure of the 17th and 18th centuries may reveal the mindset behind such a strange yet accepted practice. The in-depth study of their lives and careers will help lift the veil of mystery that surrounds them. Was their physical sacrifice a blessing or a curse? Was it worth it? Copyright 2006 by Jennifer Sowle ii Perhaps the greatest mystery in the history of opera is the Italian castrato singers of the Baroque period. These strange phenomena can more easily be seen as ethereal voices whose mystique cannot be duplicated by any amount of modern training or specialized technique, rather than as human musicians who simply wanted to perform or serve the Church with their unique talent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eroticism of Emasculation: Confronting the Baroque Body of the Castrato Author(S): Roger Freitas Freitas Source: the Journal of Musicology, Vol
    The Eroticism of Emasculation: Confronting the Baroque Body of the Castrato Author(s): Roger Freitas Freitas Source: The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 196-249 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jm.2003.20.2.196 Accessed: 03-10-2018 15:00 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Musicology This content downloaded from 146.57.3.25 on Wed, 03 Oct 2018 15:00:19 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms The Eroticism of Emasculation: Confronting the Baroque Body of the Castrato ROGER FREITAS A nyone who has taught a survey of baroque music knows the special challenge of explaining the castrato singer. A presentation on the finer points of Monteverdi’s or Handel’s art can rapidly narrow to an explanation of the castrato tradition, a justification 196 for substituting women or countertenors, and a general plea for the dramatic viability of baroque opera. As much as one tries to rationalize the historical practice, a treble Nero or Julius Caesar can still derail ap- preciation of the music drama.
    [Show full text]
  • Handel's Messiah for Our Time
    EXPERIENCE LIVING MUSIC HANDEL’S MESSIAH FOR OUR TIME December 20, 2020 PROGRAM NOTES HANDEL’S MESSIAH A MUSICAL CELEBRATION FOR OUR TIME Streamed Online “Such was the excitement of the hearers and the enthusiasm of the performers that there is nothing to be compared with it at the present day.” December 20, 2020 at 7:00PM and Broadcast GBH’s Fraser and Calderwood Studios on Television This was how one performer remembered the first performance by the Handel and Haydn Society on Christmas Day 1815. Featuring excerpts from Handel’s Messiah in addition to Haydn’s oratorio The Creation, the performance at King’s Chapel began at 6 p.m. and lasted about three hours. The church was full; there PERFORMERS was an estimated 1,000 people in the audience, a number that is even more remarkable considering the population of Boston at that time was about Anthony Trecek-King, host twenty-five thousand. There were 113 performers: 100 singers (90 men and 10 Joélle Harvey, soprano Reginald Mobley, countertenor women), 12 instrumentalists, and an organist. In addition to the “Hallelujah” Aaron Sheehan, tenor Chorus that concluded the concert, two arias, “I Know that My Redeemer Liveth” Sumner Thompson, baritone and “He Shall Feed His Flock,” and another chorus, “Lift Up Your Heads O Ye Gates,” from Messiah were performed. Handel and Haydn Society Orchestra and Chorus Ian Watson, conductor Three years to the day after its inaugural concert, Christmas Day 1818, H+H gave the first complete performance of Messiah in America. H+H has been performing Messiah in November or December since 1854; the oratorio concluded two-thirds PROGRAM of H+H’s 19th century music festivals and has been a fixture in H+H anniversary celebrations as well.
    [Show full text]
  • About a Castrato?
    Patricia Howard. The Modern Castrato: Gaetano Guadagni and the Coming of a New Operatic Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. xiv + 238 pp. $41.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-19-936520-3. Reviewed by Corinna Herr Published on H-Music (September, 2017) Commissioned by Lars Fischer (UCL Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies) Gaetano Guadagni (1729–92) was and is gun his career in Venice in opera seria and would doubtless one of the best-known castrati of the go on to become “one of the most noted exponents second half of the eighteenth century. In contrast in Europe in serious roles” (p. 28). Having begun to Giovanni Battista Velluti (1781–1861), whom his career in 1748 as an alto, he moved on to mez‐ Stendhal called “the last of the good castrati,” zosoprano roles that habitually reached a g2, Guadagni lived in an age in which castrati were though his most famous role, the Orfeo in Gluck’s still the norm rather than the exception. Not reform opera, was an alto role with a modest much has been published on Guadagni and noth‐ range (to e2). ing that goes beyond his role in Christoph To the best of our knowledge, Guadagni’s last Willibald Gluck’s Orfeo ed Euridice (1762). A fuller concert performance took place in 1785 in his account has long been a desideratum, then. Patri‐ then hometown of Padua. He subsequently suf‐ cia Howard has now flled this gap with her de‐ fered a stroke, which left him aphasic—a particu‐ tailed biography. Her reconstruction of his career larly cruel fate for a singer.
    [Show full text]