<<
My First XHTML Page css" /> My First HTML5 Page My First HTML5 Page This is a title of the page This is a title of the page This is a title of the </head> page
Introduction to HTML5 History of HTML
1991 HTML first published
1995 HTML 2.0 After HTML 4.01 was released, focus shifted to XHTML and its stricter standards. 1997 HTML 3.2
1999 HTML 4.01 XHTML 2.0 By combining the strengths of HTML and XML, XHTML was developed. 2000 XHTML 1.0 XHTML is HTML redesigned as XML.
2002 HTML5 is much more tolerant and can - XHTML 2.0 2009 handle markup from all the prior versions.
Though HTML5 was published officially in 2012, it 2012 HTML5 has been in development since 2004. What is HTML5?
HTML5 is the newest version of HTML, only recently gaining partial support by the makers of web browsers. It incorporates all features from earlier versions of HTML, including the stricter XHTML. It adds a diverse set of new tools for the web developer to use. It is still a work in progress. No browsers have full HTML5 support. It will be many years – perhaps not until 2018 or later - before being fully defined and supported. Goals of HTML5
Support all existing web pages. With HTML5, there is no requirement to go back and revise older websites. Reduce the need for external plugins and scripts to show website content. Improve the semantic definition (i.e. meaning and purpose) of page elements. Make the rendering of web content universal and independent of the device being used. Handle web documents errors in a better and more consistent fashion. New Elements in HTML5
These are just some of the new elements introduced in HTML5. We will be exploring each of these during this course. Other New Features in HTML5
Built-in audio and video support (without plugins) Enhanced form controls and attributes The Canvas (a way to draw directly on a web page) Drag and Drop functionality Support for CSS3 (the newer and more powerful version of CSS) More advanced features for web developers, such as data storage and offline applications. First Look at HTML5
Remember the DOCTYPE declaration from XHTML?
In HTML5, there is just one possible DOCTYPE declaration and it is simpler:
Just 15 characters!
The DOCTYPE tells the browser which type and version of document to expect. This should be the last time the DOCTYPE is ever changed. From now on, all future versions of HTML will use this same simplified declaration. The Element
This is what the element looked like in XHTML:
xml:lang="en" lang="en">
Again, HTML5 simplifies this line:
The lang attribute in the element declares which language the page content is in. Though not strictly required, it should always be specified, as it can assist search engines and screen readers.
Each of the world’s major languages has a two-character code, e.g. Spanish = "es", French = "fr", German = "de", Chinese = "zh", Arabic = "ar". The
SectionHere is a typical XHTML
section:And the HTML5 version:
Notice the simplified character set declaration, the shorter CSS stylesheet link text, and the removal of the trailing slashes for these two lines. Basic HTML5 Web Page
Putting the prior sections together, and now adding the
section and closing tags, we have our first complete web page in HTML5:
HTML5 is fun!
Let's open this page in a web browser to see how it looks… Viewing the HTML5 Web Page
Even though we used HTML5, the page looks exactly the same in a web browser as it would in XHTML. Without looking at the source code, web visitors will not know which version of HTML the page was created with. HTML 5
Latest revision of HTML Backward compatible New key features: video and audio tags content-specific tags tags for form elements canvas element
storage of user data © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 12 reserved. Video and Audio Tags
Allow simple code for adding video and audio on Web pages Video and audio are played back by the Web browser's built-in player, not plug-ins
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 13 reserved. Content-Specific Tags
Examples:
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 14 reserved. Form Elements
Examples: date picker, color picker, numeric stepper, new input types (email, url, and search) To enhance user experience of filling out forms
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 15 reserved. Canvas
Allows drawing graphics and placing images dynamically inside it using JavaScript Visual content inside it can be scripted to change over time (hence animation) and in response to the user interaction (mouse clicks and key presses) Used for animation and game © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 16 development reserved. Storage of User Data
Approx. 5 MB depending on browsers Larger data limit than cookies (4 KB limit) Storage and retrieval of data on the user's device; i.e., no need for databases or user accounts set up on the server
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 17 reserved. XHTML vs. HTML 5
DOCTYPE declaration Character encoding Cases for tag and attribute names Values of attributes Boolean attribute End tag
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 18 reserved. DOCTYPE Declaration
XHTML HTML 5 Three doctypes: Strict, Only one simplified doctype Transitional, and Frameset declared like this: For example:
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 19 reserved. Character Encoding
XHTML HTML 5 content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 20 reserved. Cases for Tag and Attribute Names
XHTML HTML 5 All lowercase No restriction
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 21 reserved. Value of an Attribute
XHTML HTML 5 Enclosed in quotation marks Does not have to be in quotation marks
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 22 reserved. Boolean Attribute
XHTML HTML 5 The value "true" or "false" has to No need to write out the value— be written out and enclosed in just the quotation mark; for example: presence of the attribute means it
is true; for example:© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 23 reserved. End Tag
XHTML HTML 5 Required for each start tag Not required; thus, self-closing is not required for those tags without content, such as br and img
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 24 reserved. HTML 5 Basic Structure
This is the content of the Web page
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 25 reserved. An HTML 5 Document Arbitrary: cases for tags, pairing OK to still follow the rules of tags, uses of quotation marks. XHTML Still a valid HTML 5 document .
This is the content of the
This is the content of the Web page.
Web page.
alt=demo>
© 2016 Pearson Education, Easy to read Hard to read Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 26 reserved. Markup Validator http://validator.w3.org/ to validate Web documents
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights 27 reserved.