DOCSLIB.ORG

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Skin Diseases in Small Ruminants in Gamo Gofa Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Skin Diseases in Small Ruminants in Gamo Gofa Zone, South-Western Ethiopia Vol. 9(8), pp. 228-234, August 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JVMAH2015.0375 Article Number: E9251B465489 Journal of Veterinary Medicine and ISSN 2141-2529 Copyright © 2017 Animal Health Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JVMAH Full Length Research Paper Prevalence and risk factors associated to skin diseases in small ruminants in Gamo Gofa zone, south-Western Ethiopia Bereket Molla1*, Haba Haile2,3 and Sefinew Alemu2 1The Donkey Sanctuary Working Worldwide, Ethiopia Program, Ethiopia. 2 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. 3 Gofa Universal College, Department of Animal Health, Sawla, Ethiopia. Received 25 February 2015; Accepted 27 May 2015 A cross-sectional study was employed to estimate the prevalence of skin diseases in small ruminant and risk factors associated to its occurrence in Gamo Gofa zone from July, 2012 to April, 2014. The study areas were clustered into two agro-ecological zones; lowland and highland area. A total of nine hundred (450 sheep and 450 goats) were examined. Detailed physical examinations and systemic examinations, followed by skin scraping and laboratory tests were carried out to diagnose skin diseases. The Pearson’s chi-square (χ2) test was used to assess the degree of association between skin diseases and risk factors. The overall prevalence was found to be 42.33% (381/900). Significantly higher prevalence (p<0.05) of small ruminant skin disease was observed in goats (52.22%) than sheep (38.66%). Furthermore, the study also revealed significantly higher prevalence (p<0.05) in unvaccinated (42.92%) than vaccinated (29.52%) group of animals. The occurrence of skin diseases was statistically significantly associated with age and sex of animals. The prevalence was higher in males (30.38%) than females (22.49%), and in young age groups as compared to adults. The external parasites identified include manges (Sarcoptic, Chorioptic, Psoroptic and Demodectic), ticks (Ambyloma varigatum, Rhipicephalus evertisi evertisi and Boophilus decloratus), lice (Bovicola species and Linognathus species) and sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus). Viral infections, predominantly of pox virus infection were noted in sheep (10.44%) and goat (13.11%) and contagious ecthyma 2.44% on sheep and 2.00% on goats. The overall prevalence of viral disease showed significant association (p<0.05) with vaccination history and age of the study animals. The high prevalence of skin disease on small ruminant has shown there is urgent need for its strategic prevention and control, as skin and hides represent the second major export commodity of the country. It is recommended that external parasite control should be strategically designed and technologically verified in local context. Key words: Ethiopia, external parasites, Gamo Gofa, goat, sheep, prevalence. INTRODUCTION Small ruminants contribute 35 and 14% of meat and milk consumption, respectively in Ethiopia (Kebede, 2013). *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +251 913 09 6857. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Molla et al. 229 Hide and skin export has got the largest share of animal risk factors in different parts of the country, it is not known products next to live animal export and skin is the most in Gamo Gofa zone of Southern Ethiopia. Furthermore, important item in generating foreign currency, next to this area is known to border with the major pastoral coffee (Kumsa et al., 2012). Ethiopia supplies a wide livestock production area of South Omo zone, and range of both processed and semi-processed sheep and serving as a route of market from the lowland pastoral goat skins to the world market (Kebede, 2013). Whereas production areas to the highland meat value chain areas hides and skins account for 12 to 16% of the total value of highland markets. In due concern to the above facts, exports in Ethiopia (Tefera, 2012). The current utilization and to seek as whether there is need and/or serve as of hides and skins is estimated to be 48% for cattle hide, baseline information, this study was initiated. The 75% for goat skin and 97% for sheep skin with the objectives were to estimate the prevalence and assess expected off take rate of 33% and 75% for sheep, goat associated risk factors of skin diseases, and to determine and cattle, respectively (Berhe, 2009; Yacob et al., 2008 the etiological agents of skin diseases in small ruminants. and Tefera, 2012). In Ethiopia, hides, skins, leather and leather products are the most widely traded agro-based livestock commodities with an estimated value of over MATERIALS AND METHODS US$100 billion/year and continues to conspicuously Study area exhibit a huge unexplored potential (Mekonnen et al., 2013). Even though small ruminants are important The study was conducted on three districts, categorized into two components of Ethiopian farming system, their agro-ecological zones, namely Demba Gofa and Zala district, contribution to food production, rural income and export representing lowland, and Geze Gofa district for highland. Lowland income are far below the expected potential (Mekonnen categories were areas ranging from 800 to 1500 meter above sea level (masl) but those ranging from 1500 to 2800 masl were et al., 2013). This is because small ruminant production considered as highland. The average annual rainfall of the study not only in Ethiopia but in most of the developing areas were varying from 950 to 1150 mm, characterized by a bi- countries is constrained by complemented effects of modal type of distribution. The mean annual minimum and prevailing diseases, subclinical parasitism, poor feeding maximum temperature were 15.4°C and 37.2°C in the highland and and managements (Abadi, 2000; Singla, 1995; Tefera, lowland, respectively. 2012; Yacob et al., 2008; Yacob, 2013). Over the last 10 years, there are indications that the quality of raw material has deteriorated with an increasing number of Study animals reject grades and the appearance of skin diseases like The study population animals were extensively managed, almost all “Ekek or cockle” that is mainly due to sheep ked and lice are reared in mixed species herd type as an individually owned infestation (Assefa et al., 2011). The low quality of skins herd or a group based. A total of 900 small ruminants (450 goats undermines the competitiveness of the industry, as it and 450 sheep) were sampled with systematic random sampling. leads to low factor inputs productivity especially in the Ages of animals were addressed in two category, young (below 2 tanning process (Mekonnen et al., 2013). years) and adult (above 2 years) of age according to (Bersisa et al., 2013; Gatenby, 1999). The body condition score (BCS) was Among the diseases of small ruminant skins, considered in three categories, poor (BCS of 1 and 2), medium infestations by mange mites, ticks and infections by pox (BCS of 3) and good (BCS of 4 and 5) according to Desta et al. disease and dermatophilosis possess considerable (2001) and Tefera (2012). economic losses, particularly to the skin export due to various defects (Dessie et al., 2010). Losses from these diseases and other skin abnormalities are leading to Sampling method and sample size downgrading and rejections of skins; unfitness to the Study districts were selected purposively to represent different leather industries (Kebede, 2013; Kumsa et al., 2012). agro-ecology and accessibility whereas study Peasant Associations Skin diseases in small ruminants were reported from (PA) was randomly selected. 10% of shoat herds were selected different parts in Ethiopia. Kumsa et al. (2012) reported from each PA's and individual animals were selected from the the prevalence of 48.1% in central Ethiopia, Dessie et al. population by systematic random sampling approach. The sample (2010) reported a mange mites prevalence in Wolaita size was determined according to Thrusfield, 1995, with expected area of southern Ethiopia 1.98 and 3.85% in sheep and prevalence of 50%, as there were no such study in the area and 95% confidence interval was considered. Despite this, the goats, respectively. A study of tick infestation in small calculated sample size was 380, it was increased to 450 from each ruminants in Bedelle district, Western Ethiopia, revealed species and a total of 900 animals were included in the study. prevalence of 66.12 and 80.7% in goats and sheep, respectively reported by Fufa et al. (2012). Many other studies and reviews conducted at different regions of the Study designs country reported the importance of small ruminant’s skin A cross-sectional study design was employed to estimate the diseases (Kebede, 2013; Yacob, 2013; Assefa et al., prevalence of skin diseases and identify the causal factors for 2012; Tewodros et al., 2012; Dessie et al., 2010; Yacob different skin diseases of small ruminants. The age, sex, species, et al., 2008; Tefera, 2012; Haffiz, 2001; Abadi, 2000). body condition scoring, geographical location, season of the year Despite various study on the prevalence and associated and vaccination were considered as test variables to see if these 230 J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health were risk factors associated with disease occurrence or not. the prevalence was 52.22 and 38.66% in goats and Animals with visible skin problems suspected for bacterial and sheep, respectively. Small ruminants from lowland agro- fungal infections were subjected to skin scrapings. Both skin ecology revealed higher prevalence (43.43%) of skin scrapings and visible external parasites such as ticks, sheep ked and lice were shifted to universal sampling bottle, labelled, diseases than the highland (37.85%) (Tables 1 and 2). preserved and transported to Gofa Universal college department of On species bases, statistically significant (p=0.026) animal health for species identifications and subsequent laboratory variation in prevalence of skin disease was observed on confirmation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Gamo: Linguists’ Classification Versus Self Identification of the Community
    Vol. 5(9), pp. 373-380, December, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/IJSA2013.0471 International Journal of Sociology and ISSN 2006- 988x © 2013 Academic Journals Anthropology http://www.academicjournals.org/IJSA Full Length Research Paper Revisiting Gamo: Linguists’ classification versus self identification of the community Hirut Woldemariam Department of Linguistics, Institute of Language Studies, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Accepted 17 September, 2013 This study attempts to contribute to our knowledge about Gamo, a member of the North Ometo subgroup, which is one of the four subgroups that constitute the Ometo group of the Omotic language family (Fleming, 1976; Bender, 2000). This paper characterizes some of the issues in the research of language and identity. It will attempt to employ the complementary perspectives of sameness and difference between Gamo, its sisters in the North Ometo sub-branch and its dialects. North Ometo comprises of several related languages and dialects of which Gamo is one. The exact relationship amongst the Ometo languages is not well known. Not equally well known is the relationship Gamo has with its sisters and daughters. The study tries to address issues concerning with misrepresentation of the Gamo language by the existing classification in one hand and what the self perception of the Gamo community likes on the other hand. This study aimed at examining linguistic facts and the Gamo speakers’ own understandings of their identities. To this end, the study has used linguistic, anthropological and sociolinguists attempt to characterize membership of Gamo based on linguistic facts and members’ self ethno-linguistic identificationi.
    [Show full text]
  • Memo on Violence in South Omo Areas, SNNPRS, Ethiopia (October 2019): a Call for Preventive Action and Rule of Law
    Memo on violence in South Omo areas, SNNPRS, Ethiopia (October 2019): a call for preventive action and rule of law Concerned Scholars Ethiopia (CSE) 25 October 2019 1. Since the 2018 change of government and the significant and promising reform process in Ethiopia, not all regions and peoples have fared equally well. While the policies of the new, Nobel Laureate PM Abiy Ahmed and his government hold out hope for millions and have bought very meaningful, positive changes, developments on the local level in ‘peripheral’ regions outside the purview of the Federal government are not yet addressed. Scores of people – including those of ethnic minority groups - are suffering of displacement, killings, and discrimination – all issues that are not in line with the new ethos of democratic reform and human rights respect. 2. The present Memo calls attention to the situation in the South Omo Region - as emblematic for more general problems that play out in some areas of the Southern Regional State (SNNPRS), in Beni Shangul-Gumuz, Gambela and possibly other Regional States of Ethiopia. 3. The prime cases at hand here are that of the ‘Bodi’ people (self-name: Me’en, with two sub-divisions: Mela and Chirim) in South Omo Zone (since 2nd week of September), and the Mursi people in South Omo Zone (since 29 September 2019, through to 13 October). Since 20 October there are also indications of additional instability in the Dima area (southwest of Mizan town) that has led to killings of people of the Suri ethnic group. So far, no decisive action has been taken by either the Federal Army or by local, Zonal or SNNPRS Regional authorities against abusive police and armed forces units.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Length Research Article DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
    Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com International Journal of DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 07, Issue, 01, pp.11119-11130, January, 2017 Full Length Research Article DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY IN CHENCHA AND ABAYA DISTRICTS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA *Fassil Eshetu Abebe Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Arba Minch University ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This study primarily aimed to examine the determinants of rural households’ vulnerability to Received 27th October, 2016 poverty and to profile the households according to their level of vulnerability using Feasible Received in revised form Generalized Least Square (FGLS) and Logistic Regression analysis with the help of data collected 28th November, 2016 from a sample of 500 households in two Woredas. The general poverty line of the study area was Accepted 14th December, 2016 determined to be Birr 248 per month per adult equivalent and 29.8 percent of the population in the th Published online 30 January, 2017 study areas were found to be poor. The projected consumption percapita after the three step FGLS estimation revealed that, the incidence of vulnerability to poverty in the area was 34.2 percent and Key Words: therefore, vulnerability was more spread in the study areas than ex post poverty. Using the two Poverty, Vulnerability, vulnerability thresholds, observed poverty rate (0.298) and vulnerability of 0.5, about 28.6%, Feasible Generalized Least Square, 5.6% and 65.8% of households were highly vulnerable, low vulnerable and not vulnerable Logit Model and Ethiopia. respectively. Most importantly, from the total poor households about 81.75%, 3.25% and 15% were highly vulnerable, low vulnerable and not vulnerable respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use Patterns and Its Implication for Climate Change: the Case of Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia
    Defaru Debebe. et al., IJSRR 2013, 2(3), 155-173 Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews Land Use Patterns and its Implication for Climate Change: The Case of Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia Defaru Debebe* and Tuma Ayele Arba Minch University P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia ABSTRACT Land is one of three major factors of production in classical economics (along with labor and capital) and an essential input for housing and crop production. Land use is the backbone of agriculture and it provides substantial economic and social benefits. Assessing past-to present land use patterns associated with the crop production helps to understand which climatic effects might arise due to expanding crop cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate the land use pattern and its implication for climate change in Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia. For evaluation, correlation and time series trend analysis were used. Results revealed that a significant reduction in cultivable land, which was converted into cropland and might increase deforestation and greenhouse gas emission, in turn induce climate change. The correlation between cropland and fertile (cultivable) land (r=0.22674) in 2005 improved to (r=0.75734) in 2012 indicating major shift of fertile land to cropland in seven years interval. On other side, twelve years (1987-1999 and 2000-2011) average maximum temperature difference in Gamo Gafa was increased 0.425oC with standard deviation 0.331. It is statistically significant (t =1.284, alpha=0.10) at 10% level of error. Moreover, the spatial differences in climate change are likely to imply a heterogeneous pattern of land use responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Worm Infestation in SNNP and Oromia Regions As of 24 May
    Army worm infestation in SNNP and Oromia Regions As of 24 May, some 8,368 hectares of belg cropland was reportedly destroyed by army worms in Wolayita zone of SNNPR - an area that suffered from late onset of the 2013 belg rains and subsequent heavy rains that damaged belg crops. The damage caused by the army worms will further reduce the expected harvest this season. Similar incidents were also reported from Boricha, Bona Zuria, Dara, Dale, Hawassa Zuria and Loko Abaya woredas of Sidama zone; Loma and Mareka woredas of Dawro zone (SNNPR), as well as from drought prone areas of East and West Hararge zones of Oromia Region; and quickly spreading to neighbouring areas. In Boricha woreda, for example, more than 655 hectares of belg cropland was destroyed in the course of one week, this is indicative of the speed that damage is being caused. Immediate distribution of spraying containers and chemicals to the farmers is required to prevent further loss of belg crops. For more information, contact: [email protected] Health Update The number of meningitis cases has gradually declined since the outbreak was declared in January. To date, 1,371 cases were reported from 24 woredas in five zones of SNNP and Oromia Regions. The Government, with support from health partners, is conducting a reactive vaccination in the affected areas, with 1, 678,220 people vaccinated so far. Next week, the number of people vaccinated during the Addis Ababa City Administration meningitis vaccination campaign, conducted from 20 to 26 May, will be released. Meanwhile, the number of kebeles reporting cases of Yellow Fever in South Ari, Benatsemay and Selmago woredas of South Omo zone, SNNPR, increased.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Sample Procurement Plan (Text in italic font is meant for instruction to staff and should be deleted in the final version of the PP) Public Disclosure Authorized (This is only a sample with the minimum content that is required to be included in the PAD. The detailed procurement plan is still mandatory for disclosure on the Bank’s website in accordance with the guidelines. The initial procurement plan will cover the first 18 months of the project and then updated annually or earlier as necessary). I. General 1. Bank’s approval Date of the procurement Plan: Updated Procurement Plan, M 2. Date of General Procurement Notice: Dec 24, 2006 Public Disclosure Authorized 3. Period covered by this procurement plan: The procurement period of project covered from year June 2010 to December 2012 II. Goods and Works and non-consulting services. 1. Prior Review Threshold: Procurement Decisions subject to Prior Review by the Bank as stated in Appendix 1 to the Guidelines for Procurement: [Thresholds for applicable procurement methods (not limited to the list below) will be determined by the Procurement Specialist /Procurement Accredited Staff based on the assessment of the implementing agency’s capacity.] Public Disclosure Authorized Procurement Method Prior Review Comments Threshold US$ 1. ICB and LIB (Goods) Above US$ 500,000 All 2. NCB (Goods) Above US$ 100,000 First contract 3. ICB (Works) Above US$ 15 million All 4. NCB (Works) Above US$ 5 million All 5. (Non-Consultant Services) Below US$ 100,000 First contract [Add other methods if necessary] 2. Prequalification. Bidders for _Not applicable_ shall be prequalified in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 2.9 and 2.10 of the Public Disclosure Authorized Guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Demography and Health
    SNNPR Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna, July 2014 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org 2 SNNPR is one of the largest regions in Ethiopia, accounting for more than 10 percent of the country’s land area [1]. The mid-2008 population is estimated at nearly 16,000,000; almost a fifth of the country’s population. With less than one in tenth of its population (8.9%) living in urban areas in 2008 the region is overwhelmingly rural. "The region is divided into 13 administrative zones, 133 Woredas and 3512 Kebeles, and its capital is Awassa." [1] "The SNNPR is an extremely ethnically diverse region of Ethiopia, inhabited by more than 80 ethnic groups, of which over 45 (or 56 percent) are indigenous to the region (CSA 1996). These ethnic groups are distinguished by different languages, cultures, and socioeconomic organizations. Although none of the indigenous ethnic groups dominates the ethnic makeup of the national population, there is a considerable ethnic imbalance within the region. The largest ethnic groups in the SNNPR are the Sidama (17.6 percent), Wolayta (11.7 percent), Gurage (8.8 percent), Hadiya (8.4 percent), Selite (7.1 percent), Gamo (6.7 percent), Keffa (5.3 percent), Gedeo (4.4 percent), and Kembata (4.3 percent) …. While the Sidama are the largest ethnic group in the region, each ethnic group is numerically dominant in its respective administrative zone, and there are large minority ethnic groups in each zone. The languages spoken in the SNNPR can be classified into four linguistic families: Cushitic, Nilotic, Omotic, and Semitic.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Humanitarian Situation Report
    UNICEF ETHIOPIA HUMANITARIAN SITUATION REPORT ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Situation Report SitRep # 5 - Reporting Period May 2019 SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 4.89 million # of children in need of humanitarian Failed spring rains this year in parts of Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Somali regions have renewed concerns about another drought affecting children, assistance (Ethiopia Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019) further compounding vulnerabilities in regions already suffering from chronic food insecurity, prolonged and complex population displacements, and increased risks to outbreaks of cholera and measles. These regions 8.86 million also have over-stretched health care systems, poor access to water, and # of people in need recurrent outbreaks of preventable diseases. (Ethiopia Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019) As of April 2019, UNICEF has supported the screening and admission of 110,826 children under the age of five for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) 3.19 million treatment and the numbers are expected to grow with the projected Internally displaced persons in Ethiopia drought in the country. (Ethiopia Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019) UNICEF Ethiopia urgently requires US$ 5.4 million to replenish its nutrition commodities pipeline for the expected surge in severe acute malnutrition 919,938 (SAM) in 2019. In addition, US$ 2.45 million is required to rehabilitate 35 Registered refugees and asylum seekers in water schemes and provide durable safe water and sanitation for the most Ethiopia vulnerable children, including displaced children,
    [Show full text]
  • SITUATION ANALYSIS of CHILDREN and WOMEN: Southern Nations, Nationalities,And People
    SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: Southern Nations, Nationalities,and People SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: Southern Nations, Nationalities,and People This briefing note covers several issues related to child well-being in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). It builds on existing research and the inputs of UNICEF Ethiopia sections and partners.1 It follows the structure of the Template Outline for Regional Situation Analyses. 1Most of the data included in this briefing note comes from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey (HCE), Education Statistics Annual Abstract (ESAA) and Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS) so that a valid comparison can be made with the other regions of Ethiopia. SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES,AND PEOPLE 4 1 THE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT SNNPR is the third largest region in Ethiopia in terms of population, and is located in the south west of the country. Its estimated population is approximately 20 million people, which makes up 20 per cent of the Ethiopian population.2 The region is one of the most populous parts of Ethiopia, with a density of approximately 151 people per square kilometre. Central SNNPR is particularly highly populated.3 Like elsewhere in the country, the population is young: 14 per cent is under 5 years of age and 47 per cent is between 0 and 17 years of age.4 The total fertility rate (women, aged 15-49) is 4.4, just below the national average of 4.6. The trend analysis
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Sesame Market Supply in Melokoza District, Southern Ethiopia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Food Science and Quality Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6088 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0557 (Online) Vol.82, 2018 Determinants of Sesame Market Supply in Melokoza District, Southern Ethiopia Dagnaygebaw Goshme 1 Bosena Tegegne 2 Lemma Zemedu 2 1.Department of Agricultural Economics, Bule Hora University, Ethiopia 2.School of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Haramaya University, Ethiopia Abstract Sesame is an important cash crop and plays vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However a number of challenges hampered the development of sesame sector along the market. Therefore this study was initiated to analyze the determinants of sesame market supply by farm household in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected from 123 farm households selected randomly through semi structured questionnaire. Secondary data were collected by reviewing documents from different sources. Econometric model were used to analyze the data. The result of the multiple linear regression model indicated that seven variables namely Land allocated under sesame, sesame yield, family size, extension contact, credit access and market information influenced market supply of sesame positively while distance to the nearest market center was found to have a significant negative effect on sesame market supply. The finding suggests that, Strengthening Institutions that convey reliable and timely market information; strengthening extension system through training in all aspect and design financial institutions to address the challenges of financial access to smallholder farmers and traders.
    [Show full text]
  • COUNTRY Food Security Update
    ETHIOPIA Food Security Outlook Update November 2014 Mid-October floods continue to limit access to grazing lands Projected food security outcomes, November to KEY MESSAGES December 2014 In mid-October, unusually late rains caused flooding along the Shebelle River in Somali Region, on the shores of Lake Turkana in South Omo Zone in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR), and along the Awash River in southern Afar. The floods both destroyed and limited access to grazing areas, which has led to deterioration in livestock body conditions and productivity. This reduced households’ access to food and income. In the lowlands of Borena Zone in southern Oromia, the March to May rains were below average and followed by a warmer than usual June to September dry season. This led to a faster deterioration of pasture and a faster decrease in water availability. These rangeland resources have yet to recover as the October to December Hageya rains have been below Projected food security outcomes, January to March average so far. Unseasonal livestock migration has continued, 2015 and planting has been delayed in agropastoral areas. Poor households are Stressed (IPC Phase 2!) but only with the presence of humanitarian assistance through December by when the remaining rains will likely lead to improved rangeland conditions. CURRENT SITUATION Harvesting and threshing of Meher crops are underway in eastern Amhara, eastern Tigray, and central and eastern Oromia Region. The June to September Kiremt rains extended into mid-October, supporting additional growth of late- planted, short-cycle crops. For example, some pulses and other late planted crops are at the seed-setting or maturity stages.
    [Show full text]