About ... Aboriginal Uses

Zamia Scientific name: Macrozamia riedlei Aboriginal name: Jeeriji (Noongar) Plant habit Seed cone Seed (Photo: Pam Agar) About ... Family ZAMIACEAE This plant is a cycad and thus has separate male and Climate Temperate female plants. The male plant produces the pollen, while the female plant produces the seed. Only the Habitat Jarrah forests south of Perth to Albany female cones were eaten by the Noongar people. Banksia woodlands Early European settlers became ill after eating the Form Medium-size shrub seeds without proper preparation, due to the level of Short trunk with leaves from the base toxins and carcinogens. Palm-like Proper care must be taken to prepare the seeds Height: 0.5 – 3 m (through a lengthy process) for eating! Foliage Few leaves radiating from trunk Glossy with narrow leaflets Tough Aboriginal Uses Bright-to-deep green • The toxic seeds were used as a food by Aboriginals Length: 1 – 2 m after extensive processing, European explorers Seed Produced Djilba to Kambarang (September were poisoned from eating them raw to October) • After treatment, the pulp which encases the seed is Oval-shaped seed cone roasted before eating, it tastes similar to a tomato Length: 25 – 35 cm • Raw seeds were ground into a powder and used Width: 14 – 18 cm to ‘stun’ fish in local waterways to make the fish Ripe Bunuru (February to March) easier to catch • The woolly material found around the base of the fronds on top of the trunk was used as fire tinder or as an absorbent fibre for hygienic purposes ALGAE BUSTER Developed by SERCUL for use with the Bush Tucker Education Program. Used as food Used as medicine Used as resources Local to SW WA Caution: Do not prepare bush tucker food without having been shown by Indigenous or experienced persons. PHOSPHORUS www.sercul.org.au/our-projects/ AWARENESS PROJECT bushtucker/ Some bush tucker if eaten in large quantities or not prepared correctly can cause illness..

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Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough?
horticulturae Review Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough? Benjamin E. Deloso 1 , Murukesan V. Krishnapillai 2 , Ulysses F. Ferreras 3, Anders J. Lindström 4, Michael Calonje 5 and Thomas E. Marler 6,* 1 College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA; [email protected] 2 Cooperative Research and Extension, Yap Campus, College of Micronesia-FSM, Colonia, Yap 96943, Micronesia; [email protected] 3 Philippine Native Plants Conservation Society Inc., Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; [email protected] 4 Plant Collections Department, Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, 34/1 Sukhumvit Highway, Najomtien, Sattahip, Chonburi 20250, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA; [email protected] 6 Western Pacific Tropical Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 October 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 19 November 2020 Abstract: The literature containing which chemical elements are found in cycad leaves was reviewed to determine the range in values of concentrations reported for essential and beneficial elements. We found 46 of the 358 described cycad species had at least one element reported to date. The only genus that was missing from the data was Microcycas. Many of the species reports contained concentrations of one to several macronutrients and no other elements. The cycad leaves contained greater nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the reported means for plants throughout the world. Magnesium was identified as the macronutrient that has been least studied.
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23/01/2014 Cons Timber Habitat Status Harvest ID Forest Red-Tailed
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An Assessment of the Non-Volant Mammal
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NON-VOLANT 1 MAMMAL FAUNA OF THE AREA BETWEEN DAWESVILLE AND BINNINGUP, SOUTHERN SWAN COASTAL PLAIN Western Grey Kangaroo – Photo: B Hyder Report prepared for: Environmental Protection Authority October 2009 Bridget Hyder and John Dell, Department of Environment and Conservation 1 This report only covers non-flying mammals; bats are included in a separate report (Bullen 2009) INTRODUCTION The Western Australia Museum (How 1978) documented the vertebrate and aquatic fauna of the northern Swan Coastal Plain between the Swan and Moore Rivers and evaluated the impact of the first 150 years of European settlement on the indigenous fauna. That study concluded that the impact of settlement had been most pronounced on the mammalian fauna. Reviewing all available data, How and Dell (1993) later stated that at the time of European settlement 16 species of non-volant (non-flying) native mammals were known from the Swan Coastal Plain and many of these species had subsequently decreased in abundance and distribution. The status of many of these species is continuing to decline as a direct result of vegetation clearing and some of these species are now absent from many parts of the Swan Coastal Plain where habitat loss and modification has been most severe. The Museum survey documented mammals of the northern Swan Coastal Plain. However, in comparison little information is currently available on the status of mammals on the southern Swan Coastal Plain. The purpose of this report is to examine the current status of non-volant mammals on that part of the southern Swan Coastal Plain from Dawesville to the Leschenault Estuary, hereafter called the Dawesville to Binningup study area.
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National Multi-Species Recovery Plan for the Cycads, Cycas Megacarpa
National Multi-species Recovery Plan for the cycads, Cycas megacarpa, Cycas ophiolitica, Macrozamia cranei, Macrozamia lomandroides, Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi and Macrozamia platyrhachis Prepared by the Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Cycas megacarpa male (photo: P.I. Forster) Cycas ophiolitica female (photo: G.W. Wilson) Macrozamia cranei male (photo: P.I. Forster) Macrozamia lomandroides female (photo: G. Leiper) Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi male and female growing together (photo: G. Leiper) Macrozamia platyrhachis male (photo: P.I. Forster) National Multi-species Recovery Plan for the cycads, Cycas megacarpa, Cycas ophiolitica, Macrozamia cranei, Macrozamia lomandroides, Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi and Macrozamia platyrhachis Prepared by: Paul Forster and Ailsa Holland of the Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency. © The State of Queensland, Environmental Protection Agency Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without the prior written knowledge of the Environmental Protection Agency. Inquiries should be addressed to PO Box 15155, CITY EAST, QLD 4002. Copies may be obtained from the: Executive Director Conservation Services Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service PO Box 15155 City East QLD 4002 Disclaimer: The Australian Government, in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency/Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, facilitates the publication of recovery plans to detail the actions needed for the conservation of threatened native wildlife. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, and may also be constrained by the need to address other conservation priorities. Approved recovery actions may be subject to modification due to changes in knowledge and changes in conservation status.
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Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology, Part X
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Asmussen, Brit, 2011. Changing perspectives in Australian archaeology, part X. "There is likewise a nut…" a comparative ethnobotany of Aboriginal processing methods and consumption of Australian Bowenia, Cycas, Macrozamia and Lepidozamia species. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online 23(10): 147–163. doi:10.3853/j.1835-4211.23.2011.1575 ISSN 1835-4211 (online) Published online by the Australian Museum, Sydney nature culture discover Australian Museum science is freely accessible online at http://publications.australianmuseum.net.au 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology edited by Jim Specht and Robin Torrence photo by carl bento · 2009 Papers in Honour of Val Attenbrow Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online 23 (2011) ISSN 1835-4211 Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology edited by Jim Specht and Robin Torrence Specht & Torrence Preface ........................................................................ 1 I White Regional archaeology in Australia ............................... 3 II Sullivan, Hughes & Barham Abydos Plains—equivocal archaeology ........................ 7 III Irish Hidden in plain view ................................................ 31 IV Douglass & Holdaway Quantifying cortex proportions ................................ 45 V Frankel & Stern Stone artefact production and use ............................. 59 VI Hiscock Point production at Jimede 2 .................................... 73 VII
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LOCAL STRUCTURE PLAN PART 1 and 2 PROJECT TITLE: LOT 70 WINTHROP AVENUE, COLLEGE GROVE
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The Population Structure and Dynamics of Macrozamia Riedlei Within the Perth Region
The population structure and dynamics of Macrozamia riedlei within the Perth region Mark Anthony Gerlach Bachelor of Science (Environmental Science) School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University 2012 This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted, in whole or in part, for a degree at this or any other university. Nor does it contain, to the best of my knowledge and belief, any material published or written by another person, except as acknowledged in the text: Mark Gerlach, 25th October 2012 Word count for all parts of the thesis, excluding references and appendices: 12,039 Abstract Macrozamia riedlei is a long lived, large seeded member of the cycad family, common to the Jarrah forest and Banksia woodlands within the Perth region of Western Australia. Because of the large size of the seeds (up to 50mm), it is believed that large bodied herbivores are required to act as dispersal agents. Currently, the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is considered to be the primary dispersal agent for M. riedlei. Due to anthropogenic activities, much of the habitat of M.riedlei is becoming fragmented primarily through agricultural and residential land clearing. This leads to the potential restriction of long distance dispersal of seed, required for healthy gene flow and the ability for range expansion in the face of an uncertain climatic future. The aims of this study were to investigate the current population structure of M. riedlei at three locations within the Perth region and to identify dispersal agents and the distance they can disperse seeds. The sites chosen were Avon Valley, Sawyers Valley and Kings Park; these three sites were chosen since they present a gradient in emu population density, from abundant at Avon Valley to absent for a century at Kings Park.
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Western Australian Bird Notes, Vol 105 March 2003 Food to a Tree-Stump, a Fence-Post, a Heavy Branch, Etc
WesternWestern AustralianAustralian BirdBird NotesNotes Quarterly Newsletter of Birds Australia Western Australia Inc CONSERVATION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE (a division of Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union) No 105 March 2003 ISSN 1445-3983 Contents BAWA Projects p12 New Members p25 Crossword Answers p34 Observations p4 Members’ Contributions p15 Country Groups p26 Opportunities for Vols p36 Letters to the Editors p6 What’s In a Name? p22 Excursion Reports p27 Calendar of Events p36 From the CEO’s Desk p7 Crossword p23 Observatory Reports p30 BAWA Reports p8 Notices p24 Coming Events p31 CONSUMPTION AND DISPERSAL OF THE SEEDS OF MACROZAMIA RIEDLEI BY BIRDS Observations of birds eating the bright red seed-coats of Ringneck (both common here). To the list can be added the Macrozamia riedlei seeds have been published from time Grey Currawong (locally known as Squeaker) Strepera to time, but the number of first-hand records is small, some versicolor, a species to the best of my knowledge not are anecdotal, and the total previously recorded number of bird species feeding on Macrozamia, involved is limited. The although Loaring species are Emu Dromaius suggested it as likely. It is novaehollandiae (Carter, surprising that 1923; Eastman, 1969), confirmation of his Western Rosella suggestion has taken half a Platycercus icterotis century. The Grey (Loaring, 1952), Butcherbird does not occur Australian Ringneck locally. Barnardius zonarius Thus, seven species have (Long, 1984), Silvereye so far been recorded eating Zosterops lateralis Macrozamia, plus one (Loaring, 1952), Grey doubtful. A few notes on Butcherbird Cracticus each of these species torquatus (Stranger and follow: Stranger, 1970) and Australian Raven Corvus Emu Emu.
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Western Australian Natives Susceptible to Phytophthora Cinnamomi
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Jurassic Garden—A&A Cycads Alphabetical (& Clickable) Species
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Diet of Herbivorous Marsupials in a Eucalyptus Marginata Forest and Their Impact on the Understorey Vegetation
JournalJournal of theof the Royal Royal Society Society of Westernof Western Australia, Australia, 80(2), 80:47-54, October 1997 1997 Diet of herbivorous marsupials in a Eucalyptus marginata forest and their impact on the understorey vegetation K A Shepherd1, G W Wardell-Johnson2,3, W A Loneragan1 & D T Bell1 1Department of Botany, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6907: email [email protected] 2Manjimup Research Centre, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Brain Street, Manjimup WA 6258 3Current address: Botany Department, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia: email [email protected] Received April 1996; accepted February 1997 Abstract Wire exclosures were established to exclude herbivores in remnant jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest vegetation within the Perup Nature Reserve, south-western Australia, and were assessed after a 10 year period. Significantly higher plant cover values were recorded for a number of species protected from herbivory inside the exclosures compared to outside. Sub-shrubs and vines showed the greatest increase in vegetation cover within exclosures. Bossiaea ornata, Billardiera variifolia, Opercularia hispidula, Logania serpyllifolia and Tetrarrhena laevis were most favoured by herbivore exclusion in terms of relative abundance. Faecal analysis confirmed that plant species having the greatest decrease in cover outside wire exclosures were consumed by one or more of the five predominant marsupial herbivores of the Perup forest. Faecal material collected over three sampling periods during 1992 revealed a total of 42 different plant species. The largest of the herbivores, the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), consumed the greatest diversity of plants (32 species in total), while the black-gloved wallaby (Macropus irma) and the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) grazed 21 and 25 different species, respectively.
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Wild Flowers of Western Australia
Wild Flowers of Western Australia Naturetrek Tour Report 31 August - 16 September 2007 Caladenia flava Caladenia hirta subsp. rosea Caladenia macrostylis Paracaleana terminalis Report and photos compiled by Paul Harmes Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Wild Flowers of Western Australia Tour Leaders: Paul Harmes Botanist Alan Notley Botanist Dave “Red” Morrell Driver Participants: Jane and David Crane Rita Hemsley Priscilla Nobbs Valerie Syrett Joan and David Vickers Dallas and Terry Wynne Day 1 Friday 31st August Weather: Warm and Sunny in London. Hot (35 degrees) in Dubai. Jane and David and Dallas and Terry met with Paul at the boarding gate, at Heathrow Terminal 3, for Emirates flight EK002 to Dubai, departing at 14-00hrs. Following a 7 hour flight we arrived in Dubai, and made our way to the boarding gate for the Emirates flight EK421 to Perth, where we met up with Rita and Priscilla, who had arrived via Gatwick. Day 2 Saturday 1st September Weather: Hot in Dubai. Fine warm and dry in Perth. The Emirates EK420 flight to Perth departed Dubai at 03-15hrs, arriving in Perth at 17-15hrs local time. After completing the immigration, customs and quarantine formalities, we met up with Red, our Australian driver for the duration of the tour. Red transported us into the city, and Miss Maud’s Swedish Hotel, our base for the next two nights. After settling into our rooms, we met up, in reception, with Valerie, Joan and Dave, as well as Alan Notley and his wife, Jahannah, and we all made our way into the restaurant for dinner.
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