Causes and Effective Management of Insect Bites in the UK
KNOWLEDGE WOUND CARE SUPPLEMENT Marion Richardson, BD, CertEd, RGN, RNT, DipN, is senior lecturer Causes and effective management and programme leader, emergency of insect bites in the UK nursing, University of Hertfordshire Insects play an important role in maintaining the site of bites and, worldwide, mosquitoes transmit Marion Richardson describes world’s ecosystem (Zhu and Stiller, 2002) but many diseases from one bitten host to the next. These include the causes of insect bites of them feed on other animals. Humans are relatively malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever (acute arbovirus and the management of this hairless and provide an easy target, especially when infection), lymphatic filariasis (caused by the lymphatic uncomfortable problem partly clothed (Cohn, 2003). Biting insects common filarial parasites), and encephalitis (Zhu and Stiller, 2002). to the UK include midges, gnats, mosquitoes, flies, West Nile virus is the most likely mosquito-borne fleas, lice, mites, ticks, and bedbugs (Fig 1). disease in the UK. It is uncommon because the KEY WORDS population density of mosquitoes is relatively low Insects Although their bites rarely cause serious problems, the (Prodigy, 2003). In most people the infection is Bites salivary gland excretions they deposit contain various asymptomatic or causes a mild influenza-like illness. It Inflammation antigenic substances that may provoke a reaction in may cause encephalitis or aseptic meningitis, especially susceptible people (Prodigy, 2003). in people aged over 50 (Prodigy, 2003; Crook et al, 2002). Insect habits and habitats Midges Only female midges attack, often in swarms at Bedbugs These are nocturnal blood-sucking parasites sunrise or sunset and with a higher frequency in that feed at night.
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