Altered States of Consciousness and the Possibilty of Survival of Death

* Special Report for Members December 1985 Altered States of Consciousness and the Possibility of Survival of Death Charles T. Tart, PhD Selections from a Presentation for The Symposium on Consciousness and Survival co-sponsored by the Institute of Noetic Sciences in cooperation with the Office of Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars at Georgetown University, Washington, DC October 1985 Editors' note: The presentation summa- state of consciousness I am accustomed to. rized here was one of nine from a panel of Further, I doubt that "I", in the sense of my distinguished scholars and scientists, ordinary self, will be the self that regains convened by the Institute of Noetic Sciences some sort of consciousness. to address the question: does individual consciousness survive bodily death? This By thinking about survival in terms of question raised related questions, equally our ordinary, taken-for-granted "I" provocative. What is the nature of mind? surviving, we have inadvertently What is the nature of consciousness? confused the issue, so it is no wonder Psychologist Dr. Charles Tart approaches that we do not have a clear answer these issues from the perspective of his work about the possibility of survival. with altered states of consciousness (which include, for example, meditative states, What we call "I" is actually quite changeable hypnotic trance, dream states, states of from minute to minute, rather than being as sensory deprivation). Tart reviews the fixed as we like to think it is. Some of these contributions of parapsychological research to forms of "I" occur often, so it is useful, the "survival question", and suggests especially if we are interested in personal directionsfor future investigation. growth, to speak of our many "I"s or sub- The essence of the ideas I want to share is selves (Tart, in press). Many of these expressed in the following two sentences: ordinary "I"s do not long "survive" (in the First, after some intital shock and confusion sense of maintaining their presence and resulting from the process of dying, I will integrity) the small changes of ordinary life, not be too surprised if I regain conscious- like strong emotions, hunger, sexual desire, ness. fatigue, alcohol. If ordinary "1"s cannot Second, I will be quite surprised if "I" regain survive these minor shocks, how could ., consciousness. ordinary "1"s survive the vastly greater shock of death? To put it more precisely, I will not be too surprised if I regain some kind of conscious- The question "Will I survive death?'cannot ness after death, but that consciousness may really be satisfactorily answered except as a be of a quite different sort than the ordinary subset of the larger question "Who and what am I?" This is the central question I will see it as a variation of your ordinary state. It address as we explore the issue of survival of is qualitatively as well as quantitatively death. different. t 4 The Nature of Ordinary Consciousness The Dream State and of Altered States To further our understanding of altered states, let us look at the most commonly occurring Let us look briefly at the nature of ordinary one, nighttime dreaming. Modem sleep consciousness (and the ordinary "1"s research has shown that we all spend about associated with it), and at the nature of altered 20% of our sleep time in a specific br$in wave states of consciousness, as background for state associated with the mental activity of examining the survival question dreaming, whether we remember it or not. Ordinary consciousness is a semi-arbitrary In order to dream we must go to and remain construction. In the course of growing up we asleep, i.e., we must induce an altered state of have built up huge numbers of habits: ways consciousness. Usually this means reducing of perceiving, of thinking, of feeling, of exteroception (our processes for sensing the acting. The automated functioning of these external world) and interoception (processes habits in ow ordinary environment constitute a that give us information about internal body system, the pattern we call our ordinary state) to very low levels. We turn out the consciousness. Ordinary consciousness is lights and close our eyes, eliminating visual stabilized, so it holds itself together in spite of input, for example. We relax our bodies and varying circumstances. Forgetting the work don't move, eliminating interoceptive that went into constructing this as children, kinesthetic input. If we survive death in some and not realizing the cultural relativity and form we will certainly not have the physical arbitrariness of much of it, we take it for exteroceptors and interoceptors we had during granted as "ordinary" or "normal" life, so this customary input would be consciousness. drastically reduced as in dreasng. We usually think of survival in terms of the survival of personality. Note though that Further, 'we now know that there is a very personality, the set of characteristic behaviors active inhibition of what input does reach our and statements that distinguishes us from receptors. If you deliberately stimulate a others, manifests through our state of sleeper, but not intensely enough to wake consciousness. For our purposes here, him, and then awaken him and get a report, "personality" and "state of consciousness" are you find that most stimuli do not make it largely synonymous. Every one of the through into the dream world. The few that psychological processes underlying ordinary do are usually distorted so they fit in with the consciousness can undergo drastic changes. ongoing dream. Calling the dreamer's name, To mention just a few: An ordinary face can for example, could become another dream be seen as that of an angel or devil. I don't character asking him about the state of his mean interpreted here.. I mean actually health! If an after-death state is like a dream perceived. Your heart can be felt as a glowing state, might similar distortions of our mass of radiant energy instead of only a barely questions to the deceased occw? perceptible pulsation in your chest. Your I memories can seem like those of someone Similarly our sense of identity, our emotions, I else, or you may "remember" things that and our evaluation processes can operate quite intellectually you know could not be known to differently, as if the dream were of someone you--yet they are "obviously" your memories. else with different emotional reactions and Totally new systems of thouglit can come into styles of timing. What is sensible by dream play for evaluating reality. What is most dear standards may be outrageous by waking state I to you may change drastically. Space and time standards. The spacehime sense is totally can function in whole new ways as in changed. If such alteration of the processing experiencing eternity. styles of emotion, evaluation, sense of identity and spaceitime sense occurs routinely in Usually many of these sorts of changes occur dreams while alive, why couldn't these and ( simultaneously, and when they do we talk other alterations occur after death? Suppose , about experiencing an "altered state of the after-death state is more like a dream state I consciousness". The change is too radical to than an ordinary conscious state? Would 1 someone who knew your personality in its (assuming you are some dream character ordinary state recognize your personality in asking the question), in a sexually aroused something closer to its dream state? stated, in a depressed state, and in a state of intoxication. But there are things you can Let us look at another common characteristic know in an altered state of consciousness that of dreams: Dreams usually seem to just you cannot really remember in your ordinary happen to us, rather than feeling like our state, much less tell others about in any active creations. Who is creating this world adequate way. This seems to be the case with and these actions? Where does the scenery many of the great spiritual issues. come from? How do various actors know when to come on stage? If the after-death If we want to know all that a human can state is like nighttime dreaming, will it be so know, we must study some things in an passive? From the after-death side of things appropriate altered state of consciousness. If will we care about helping to prove our we do not enter that state and work survival? appropriately with it, we will never really know the answers. I think one of the The subconscious is given the credit for the tragedies of our times is that we have intelligent and active creation of dreams, since forgotten about the state-specificity of the dreamer declines credit. This is not a knowledge in regard to many vital spiritual terribly good explanation, of course, but it is questions. Thus we approach them only from the best we have at this time--and a good an ordinary states perspective, and get reminder of how little we understand about answers that are distorted and pale reflections our minds. If such a potent source of of reality. We have, as it were, traded direct experience as dreams is controlled by mental knowledge of something like Unity of Life for processes we hardly understand at all, it abstract verbal statements and theories about reminds us of how careful we must be in unity. It doesn't satisfy, and it doesn't work extrapolating the characteristics of waking very well. consciousness to the possible after-death state. State Specific Knowledge and Altered States and Survival Altered States What does this have to do with survival of One of the most important qualities of consciousness? Just this: knowledge is that it is state-specific.

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