Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 26/Tuesday, February 8, 2011

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 26/Tuesday, February 8, 2011 6838 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 26 / Tuesday, February 8, 2011 / Notices of information to the Office of staff members who have an interest in proposed rule change was published for Management and Budget for approval. the matters also may be present. comment in the Federal Register on Rule 163 (17 CFR 230.163) provides The General Counsel of the December 21, 2010.4 The Commission an exemption from Section 5(c) under Commission, or his designee, has received no comment letters on the the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77a certified that, in his opinion, one or proposed rule change. This order et seq.) for certain communications by more of the exemptions set forth in 5 approves the proposed rule change. or on behalf of a well-known seasoned U.S.C. 552b(c)(3), (5), (7), 9(B) and (10) II. Description of the Proposal issuer. The information filed under Rule and 17 CFR 200.402(a)(3), (5), (7), 9(ii) 163 is publicly available. We estimate and (10), permit consideration of the The Exchange proposes to amend that it takes approximately 0.24 burden scheduled matters at the Closed Rule 12.3(l), Margin Requirements, to hours per response to provide the Meeting. make CBOE’s margin requirements for information required under Rule 163 Commissioner Walter, as duty officer, Credit Options consistent with FINRA and that the information is filed by voted to consider the items listed for the Rule 4240, Margin Requirements for approximately 53 respondents for a total Closed Meeting in a closed session. Credit Default Swaps. CBOE’s Credit annual reporting burden of 13 hours. The subject matter of the Closed Options consist of two variations— We estimate that 25% of 0.24 hours per Meeting scheduled for Thursday, Credit Default Options and Credit response (0.06 hours) is prepared by the February 10, 2011 will be: Default Basket Options. Credit Default respondent for a total annual burden of Institution and settlement of Options and Credit Default Basket 3 hours (0.06 hours per response × 53 injunctive actions; and Options are also referred to as ‘‘Credit responses). Institution and settlement of Event Binary Options.’’ Effectively, both Written comments are invited on: (a) administrative proceedings. contracts operate in the same manner as Whether this proposed collection of At times, changes in Commission credit default swap contracts. information is necessary for the priorities require alterations in the As with a credit default swap performance of the functions of the scheduling of meeting items. contract, the buyer of a Credit Option agency, including whether the For further information and to contract is buying protection from the information will have practical utility; ascertain what, if any, matters have been seller of the Credit Option. This (b) the accuracy of the agency’s estimate added, deleted or postponed, please protection is in the form of a monetary of the burden imposed by the collection contact: payment from the Credit Option seller of information; (c) ways to enhance the The Office of the Secretary at (202) to the Credit Option buyer in the event quality, utility, and clarity of the 551–5400. that the issuer of debt securities, or Reference Entity, specified as information collected; and (d) ways to Dated: February 3, 2011. minimize the burden of the collection of underlying the Credit Option contract Elizabeth M. Murphy, information on respondents, including has a Credit Event,5 consequently through the use of automated collection Secretary. defaulting on the payment of principal techniques or other forms of information [FR Doc. 2011–2796 Filed 2–4–11; 11:15 am] and interest on its debt securities. When technology. Consideration will be given BILLING CODE 8011–01–P a Credit Option buyer and seller to comments and suggestions submitted initially open their positions via a in writing within 60 days of this transaction consummated on the publication. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE Exchange, the Credit Option buyer’s Please direct your written comment to COMMISSION account is charged (debited) for the cost Thomas Bayer, Chief Information [Release No. 34–63819; File No. SR–CBOE– of the protection. The Credit Option Officer, Securities and Exchange 2010–106] seller’s account is credited. For the Commission, C/O Remi Pavlik-Simon, protection, there is only a one-time 6432 General Green Way, Alexandria, Self-Regulatory Organizations; debit and credit to the buyer and seller, Virginia 22312; or send an e-mail to: Chicago Board Options Exchange, respectively. If, prior to expiration of the [email protected]. Incorporated; Order Approving a Credit Option, a Credit Event 6 occurs, Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by the Credit Option contract is settled Dated: February 1, 2011. Amendment No. 1, To Amend Margin with a credit to the Credit Option Cathy H. Ahn, Requirements for Credit Options buyer’s account for a predetermined Deputy Secretary. payout amount (e.g., $1,000), based on [FR Doc. 2011–2667 Filed 2–7–11; 8:45 am] February 2, 2011. the Exchange’s contract specifications. BILLING CODE 8011–01–P I. Introduction The Credit Option seller’s account is debited (charged) for the payout On December 1, 2010, the Chicago amount. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE Board Options Exchange, Incorporated Credit Default Options have a single COMMISSION (‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘CBOE’’) filed with the Reference Entity. Credit Default Basket Securities and Exchange Commission Options have multiple Reference Sunshine Act Meeting (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section Entities. If a Credit Default Basket 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act Notice is hereby given, pursuant to 1 of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) and Rule 19b–4 4 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63546 the provisions of the Government in the 2 Sunshine Act, Public Law 94–409, that thereunder, a proposed rule change as (December 15, 2010), 75 FR 80099 (December 21, ‘‘ ’’ the Securities and Exchange described below. On December 14, 2010) ( Notice ). 5 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63352 Commission will hold a Closed Meeting 2010, the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change.3 The (November 19, 2010), 75 FR 73155 (November 29, on Thursday, February 10, 2011 at 2 2010) (order approving SR–CBOE–2010–046). CBOE amended its rules to permit it to, among other p.m. 1 Commissioners, Counsel to the 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1). things, list credit options designating a single credit 2 17 CFR 240.19b–4. event, such as failure-to-pay default, another event Commissioners, the Secretary to the 3 Amendment No. 1 to SR–CBOE–2010–106 of default, or a restructuring. See also CBOE Rules Commission, and recording secretaries replaced and superseded the original rule filing in 29.2 and 29.2A. will attend the Closed Meeting. Certain its entirety. 6 Id. VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:16 Feb 07, 2011 Jkt 223001 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\08FEN1.SGM 08FEN1 srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 26 / Tuesday, February 8, 2011 / Notices 6839 Option is specified as having a single because the long and short are required application of margin requirements for payout, settlement is triggered when any to have the same underlying Reference similar products. one of the component Reference Entities Entity. Moreover, Credit Options are The Commission further believes that has a Credit Event and thereafter the standardized and are settled through it is appropriate to approve the proposal option ceases to exist. The payout is the The Options Clearing Corp. on a pilot basis to expire on July 16, settlement amount attached to that one CBOE’s proposed rules would also 2011. In particular, the Commission Reference Entity. If a Credit Default require no margin on a short Credit notes that CBOE’s proposed pilot Basket Option is specified as having Default Option that is offset with a short program will parallel FINRA’s pilot multiple payouts, a settlement is position in a debt security issued by the program. This will allow the triggered when any one of the Reference Entity underlying the option. Commission and CBOE to monitor the component Reference Entities has a This language differs from the debt effects of the pilot on the markets and Credit Event,7 but the option continues security offset allowed under FINRA investors and consider appropriate to exist until its expiration. Therefore, Rule 4240. However, applicable margin adjustments, as necessary. additional settlements would be must still be collected on the short IV. Conclusion triggered if, and as, any Credit Events position in a debt security as prescribed occur in respect of the remaining It is therefore ordered, pursuant to pursuant to applicable margin rules. 11 Reference Entity components. The Rule 4240 requires no margin for a long Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, that the payout is the settlement amount credit default swap contract that is proposed rule change (SR–CBOE–2010– attached to each particular Reference paired with a long position in the 106), as modified by Amendment No. 1, Entity. underlying debt security. However, is approved. CBOE notes that the current Exchange CBOE believes this type of offset does For the Commission, by the Division of margin requirements for Credit Options not appear to be workable in respect of Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated 12 were established before FINRA a Credit Default Option. authority. implemented margin requirements for The proposal will become effective on Cathy H. Ahn, credit default swaps (FINRA Rule 4240). a pilot basis to run a parallel track with Deputy Secretary. In order to be consistent with FINRA FINRA Rule 4240. FINRA Rule 4240 [FR Doc. 2011–2645 Filed 2–7–11; 8:45 am] margin requirements and establish a operates on an interim pilot basis which BILLING CODE 8011–01–P level playing field for similar is currently scheduled to expire on July instruments, CBOE’s proposed 16, 2011.8 If the Exchange were to amendments adopt the FINRA propose an extension of the Credit SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE requirements to a large extent.
Recommended publications
  • Decreto Del Direttore Amministrativo N
    Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Economia e Finanza Tesi di Laurea Gli strumenti derivati ed il loro utilizzo in azienda: l’importanza di gestirne i vantaggi e le complessità Relatore Prof. Guido Massimiliano Mantovani Laureando Ambra Moschini Matricola:835318 Anno Accademico 2013 / 2014 Sessione straordinaria 2 Indice Indice delle Figure ....................................................................................................................... 6 Indice delle Tavole ...................................................................................................................... 7 Introduzione ................................................................................................................................. 8 Capitolo 1 - Il concetto di rischio ............................................................................................. 11 1.1. Definizione .................................................................................................................. 12 1.2. La percezione del rischio in azienda ........................................................................... 16 1.3. Identificazione delle categorie di rischio .................................................................... 24 1.3.1. Rischi finanziari .................................................................................................. 26 1.3.1.1. Rischio di mercato ............................................................................................... 28 1.3.1.1.1. Rischio di
    [Show full text]
  • CHARACTERISTICS and RISKS of STANDARDIZED OPTIONS TABLE of CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I—INTRODUCTION
    CHARACTERISTICS AND RISKS OF STANDARDIZED OPTIONS February 1994 1997 through 2018 Supplements included BATS Exchange, Inc. 8050 Marshall Drive Lexena, Kansas 66214 C2 OPTIONS EXCHANGE, INCORPORATED 400 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60605 CHICAGO BOARD OPTIONS EXCHANGE, INCORPORATED 400 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60605 INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES EXCHANGE, LLC 60 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 NASDAQ OMX BX, INC. 101 Arch Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 NASDAQ OMX PHLX, INC. 1900 Market Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 NASDAQ STOCK MARKET, LLC One Liberty Plaza 165 Broadway New York, New York 10006 NYSE AMEX LLC 11 Wall Street New York, New York 10005 NYSE ARCA, INC. 100 South Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 ȴ 1994 American Stock Exchange, LLC, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated, New York Stock Exchange, Inc., NYSE Arca, Inc. and Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS AND RISKS OF STANDARDIZED OPTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I—INTRODUCTION .............. 1 CHAPTER II—OPTIONS NOMENCLATURE ...... 5 CHAPTER III—OPTIONS ON EQUITY SECURITIES 18 Features of Stock Options ................. 18 CHAPTER IV—INDEX OPTIONS ............. 23 About Indexes ........................ 23 Features of Index Options ................. 26 CHAPTER V—DEBT OPTIONS .............. 29 Rates, Yields and Prices of Debt Securities ....... 29 Treasury Securities ...................... 31 Yield-Based Options ..................... 32 CHAPTER VI—FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS . 35 Market for Foreign Currencies ............... 36 Special Characteristics of Foreign Currency Options .37 Special Features of Dollar-Denominated Foreign Currency Options ..................... 38 Cross-Rate Foreign Currency Options .......... 41 Special Features of Cross-Rate Options ......... 42 Cash-Settled Foreign Currency Options ......... 43 CHAPTER VII—FLEXIBLY STRUCTURED OPTIONS 45 Special Features of Flexibly Structured Options .... 46 CHAPTER VIII—EXERCISE AND SETTLEMENT .
    [Show full text]
  • United States Securities and Exchange Commission Form
    Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ____________________________________________________________________________ FORM 10-K ý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 or o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 0-51754 ____________________________________________________________________________ CROCS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20-2164234 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 7477 East Dry Creek Parkway Niwot, Colorado 80503 (303) 848-7000 (Address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class: Name of each exchange on which registered: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share The NASDAQ Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None ____________________________________________________________________________ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Conference of Insurance Legislators' Model CDS Bill
    The National Conference of Insurance Legislators’ Model CDS Bill June 3, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction The National Conference of Insurance Legislators (“NCOIL”) is drafting Introduction .........................................1 model legislation (the “Model Bill”) that would subject credit default swaps (“CDS”) to a state regulatory regime closely modeled on that regulating CDS and Insurance Law: The Current State of Play .....................................1 financial guaranty insurance in New York. This memorandum discusses NCOIL’s plans for a state CDS regulatory regime and explores the Overview of the NCOIL Model Bill ..........2 implications of such a regime on the CDS market. Analysis of the Model Bill ......................3 Licensing Requirements .......................3 CDS and Insurance Law: The Current State of Play Requirement of a “Material Interest” in the Reference Security.......................4 In a typical credit default swap, one party (the “protection buyer”) makes a Capital Requirements...........................4 Financial Guaranty Insurance Payout stream of payments to the other (the “protection seller”) so long as no negative Method Versus Acceleration ...............5 credit event occurs with respect to one or more specified obligors. Negative Applicability of Other Insurance Law ......5 credit events include a failure by the obligor to make payments on an Additional Questions Raised by the underlying reference obligation (a “reference security”) and bankruptcy. If a Model Bill.........................................5
    [Show full text]
  • The Uses and the Valuation Methods of Credit Default Swaps
    UNIVERSITY OF PIRAEUS DEPARTMENT OF BANKING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT The uses and the valuation methods of Credit Default Swaps Theodore Chantzis MXAN1228 February 2014 Supervisor: M. Anthropelos Examination Committee: A. Antzoulatos, N. Egglezos 1 Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................2 2. Credit Derivatives .........................................................................................................3 3. Credit Default Swaps ....................................................................................................7 3.1. Definition and Structure .........................................................................................7 3.2. Credit Default Swap Market Today ...................................................................... 10 3.3. Credit Default Swap Documentation .................................................................... 13 Definition of Credit Events and CDS Triggering ............................................................. 17 Credit Default Events since 1997..................................................................................... 22 Macroeconomic Drivers of Sovereign CDS Spread ......................................................... 23 European Debt Crisis ...................................................................................................... 27 Greece Debt Restructuring in 2012 .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Credit Derivatives
    2002 Valuation Actuary Symposium September 19–20, 2002 Lake Buena Vista, Florida Session 29TS Credit Derivatives Panelists: Michael J. Hambro Larry H. Rubin Summary: Topics include: techniques used to price credit derivative accounting and required capital treatment of investment strategies involving credit derivative; size and growth of the credit derivative market in the U.S. Canada and globally; and early experience and performance of credit derivatives in an actual default case. MR. MICHAEL J. HAMBRO: I’m a vice president and managing actuary at Aon Consulting. My speaking partner is Larry Rubin. Larry is managing director at Bear Stearns. He focuses on risk management and earnings enhancement for the insurance industry. Prior to joining Bear Stearns, Larry was at TIAA-CREF for 17½ years. Why are we talking about credit derivatives at the valuation actuary symposium? It really seems remotely related to AG33 or AG34. I think there are some good reasons, and one is that I’m on the planning committee, and I proposed this session in January. What is more important is credit derivatives are a very fast growing part of the global derivative market. I have some slides that demonstrate that. Currently, credit derivatives are used in the financial institution area. Insurance usage is still emerging. Insurance companies can participate in credit derivatives directly or indirectly through securitized transactions. As we are all aware from insurance company portfolios, there has been significant credit problems in investments in 2001 and 2002, and that will continue in the future, so we need to look at ways to really manage credit risk.
    [Show full text]
  • New York State Bar Association Tax Section Report on Credit Default Swaps September 9, 2005
    New York State Bar Association Tax Section Report on Credit Default Swaps September 9, 2005 September 9, 2005 New York State Bar Association Tax Section Report on Credit Default Swaps I. Introduction............................................................................................................................1 A. Overview ............................................................................................................................. 1 B. Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 2 II. Description of Types of CDS.................................................................................................4 A. Growth of the CDS Market................................................................................................ 4 B. Single-Name CDS .............................................................................................................. 5 1. Description.................................................................................................................... 5 2. The Notice’s Questions on CDS Contractual Terms .................................................... 6 3. Common Purposes for Entering into CDS.................................................................... 7 (a) Management of individual capital lines............................................................ 7 (b) Regulatory capital management........................................................................ 9 (c) Economic
    [Show full text]
  • Regulating Credit Default Swaps Houman B
    digitalcommons.nyls.edu Faculty Scholarship Articles & Chapters 2010 Guilty by Association? Regulating Credit Default Swaps Houman B. Shadab New York Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_articles_chapters Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, and the Securities Law Commons Recommended Citation Shadab, Houman B., "Guilty by Association? Regulating Credit Default Swaps" (2010). Articles & Chapters. 1179. https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_articles_chapters/1179 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@NYLS. GUILTY BY ASSOCIATION? REGULATING CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS HOUMAN B. SHADAB Abstract A wide range of U.S. policymakers initiated a series of actions in 2008 and 2009 to bring greater regulation and oversight to credit default swaps (CDSs) and other over-the-counter derivatives. The policymakers' stated motivations echoed widely expressed criticisms of the regulation, characteristics, and practices of the CDS market, and focused on the risks of the instruments and the lack of public transparency over their utilization and execution. Certainly, the misuse of certain CDSs enabled mortgage- related security risk to become overconcentrated in some financial institutions. Yet as the analysis in this Article suggests, failing to distinguish between CDS derivatives and the actual mortgage-related debt securities, entities, and practices at the root of the financial crisis may hold CDSs guilty by association. Although structured debt securities and CDSs share some similarities and were often utilized together in synthetic securitizations, the financial instruments are highly distinct and underwriters of such securities make decisions under a very different legal and economic framework than those made by CDS dealers.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (Release No. 34- 56275; File No. SR-CBOE-2007-26) August 17, 2007 Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change to List and Trade Credit Default Basket Options, as Modified by Amendment No. 3, and Designating Credit Default Basket Options as Standardized Options under Rule 9b-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 I. Introduction On April 5, 2007, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated (“CBOE” or “Exchange”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”) a proposed rule change, pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”)1 and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,2 to permit CBOE to list and trade cash-settled, binary options3 based on the occurrence of credit events in the debt securities of one or more issuers, referred to as credit default basket options. On June 15, 2007, CBOE filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change; on June 19, 2007, CBOE withdrew Amendment No. 1 and filed Amendment No. 2 to the proposed rule change; and on June 21, 2007, CBOE withdrew Amendment No. 2 and filed Amendment No. 3 to the proposed rule change.4 The proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 3, was published for comment in the Federal Register on June 28, 2007 for a 15-day comment period.5 The Commission received no comments on the proposal. This order 1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1). 2 17 CFR 240.19b-4. 3 A binary option is a style of option having only two possible payoff outcomes: either a fixed amount or nothing at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Credit Derivatives: a Primer on Credit Risk, Modeling, and Instruments
    CREDIT DERIVATIVES A PRIMER ON CREDIT RISK, MODELING, AND INSTRUMENTS George Chacko Anders Sjöman Hideto Motohashi Vincent Dessain Publisher: Paul Boger Editor-in-Chief: Amy Neidlinger Executive Editor: Jeanne Levine Cover Designer: Chuti Prasertsith Managing Editor: Kristy Hart Senior Project Editor: Lori Lyons Copy Editor: Paula Lowell Proofreader: Debbie Williams Senior Indexer: Cheryl Lenser Senior Compositor: Gloria Schurick Manufacturing Buyer: Dan Uhrig © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. Old Tappan, New Jersey 07675 For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions Department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. First Printing December 2015 ISBN-10: 0-13-324918-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-324918-7 Pearson Education LTD. Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited Pearson Education Singapore, Pte.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis Capital Structure Arbitrage Strategies: Models, Practice and Empirical Evidence
    School of HEC at University of Lausanne Institute of Banking and Finance Master of Science in Banking and Finance Master Thesis Capital Structure Arbitrage Strategies: Models, Practice and Empirical Evidence Oliver Berndt and Bruno Stephan Veras de Melo November 2003, Lausanne, Switzerland Supervised by Professor Salih Neftci, CUNY, New York and School of HEC at University of Lausanne Co-supervised by Dr. Norbert Dörr, Credit Risk Management, Deutsche Bank AG, London and Dr. Wilhelm Trinder, Financial Risk Management, KPMG, Frankfurt/Main Contents Abstract vi Introduction vii Notation xvi IDescriptivePart 1 1 Theoretical and Practical Background 2 1.1BondPricingModelsbasedonEquityPriceBehavior.............. 2 1.1.1 Structural Models.............................. 3 1.1.2 Reduced-formModels............................ 22 1.2 Convertible Bonds ................................. 25 1.2.1 BriefSurveyonPricingModels...................... 28 1.2.2 RisksandtheGreeks............................ 29 1.2.3 ArbitrageTechnique-DeltaHedging................... 31 1.2.4 PortfolioRiskManagement........................ 36 1.3 Credit Derivatives.................................. 38 1.3.1 BasicsaboutCreditDerivatives...................... 38 1.3.2 Terminologies and Definitions....................... 39 1.3.3 CreditDerivativeTypes.......................... 42 1.3.4 CreditDerivativeStructuresandApplications.............. 45 1.3.5 TheMarketandtheUseofCreditDerivatives.............. 50 1.3.6 CreditDerivativescancompleteFinancialMarketInformation..... 55 1.3.7 CreditDefaultSwapBasics.......................
    [Show full text]
  • PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter) ______Delaware 84-1060803 (State Or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FORM 10-Q ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-36550 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Delaware 84-1060803 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500 Houston, Texas 77024 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (281) 899-4800 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered Common stock, $0.01 par value PARR New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark whether the
    [Show full text]