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© in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84032-3 - Bathing in the Roman World Fikret Yegul Index More information index Aelius Aristides, 3, 10, 51 Antiochia-ad-Cragnum, Baths I-2A (“hall aleipterion, 16, 245 type”), 178 Alexander Severus, 12, 26, 33, 107, apodyterium, 13, 15, 46, 53, 71, 76, 113, 125 169, 182, 196, 245 Alexanria Troas, Large Apollodorus of Damasacus, 104, 109–10, Bath-Gymnasium, 167–9 112, 125, 155 Allianoi, 50–1, see also thermal baths Aquae Sulis (Bath, England), 2, 14, 89, Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence, 6, 8, 27, 29 223 Alonnes (Le Mans, France), 32 aqueducts, 8, 92, 98–100, 219, 246 Alousia, or “the state of being Arycanda, Large Baths, 174–7 unwashed,” Christian concept, 206, Asclepius, 50, 76, 128 220–1, 245 Asia Minor, 44, 134, 154–6, 176, ambulacrum, 76–7, 168–9, 180, 245 180 Anemurium baths and gymnasia in, 154–80 Large Baths (III-2B), 176–7 bath-gymnasium type, 155–8 Baths II-11B (“hall type”), 178 Kaisersaal (imperial hall) and Imperial Baths II-7A (“hall type”), 178–9 Cult, 160, 164–7, 176, see also Ankara (Ankyra, Turkey), Hadrianic- ‘bath-gymnasium’ Cankirikapi Baths, 83, 85, 90 assa sudatio, 46, 246 Anonymous Destailleur, 112 Augustus, 11, 42, 44, 58, 121–2, 188, Antioch, 3, 18, 33, 49, 98, 179, 181–2, 219, 248 188–9, 196 Aulus Gellius, 38 “baths of the eighteen clans,” 189 Bath C, 189–91, 195–6 Babiska, Syria, Large and Small Baths, Bath E, 190–92 191, 193–5, 207, 210 Baths of Ardaburius, depiction in a Baden-Baden, Germany, 223 mosaic, 189 Baiae, spa and thermal complex, 27, Commodiana (Baths of Commodus), 49–51, 189, 204, 223, see also 188 thermal baths “social halls” in baths, 182, 190–92 balaneion, 44, 52, 157, 246 251 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84032-3 - Bathing in the Roman World Fikret Yegul Index More information 252 index ball games (pilae, pila paganica, pila Boscoreale, Villa Rustica, 47, 92 trigonalis, follies, harpastum), 15–6, Bosra, Syria, South Baths, 190, 196–7 102 Brad, Syria, Small Baths, 194–5, 207, 210 balneae and (or versus) thermae, 9, 48–9, 67, 101–2, 184 Caliph al-Walid II, 212, see also, balneae pensiles “hanging floors,” 82, Khirbat al-Mafjar 246 Caliph Hisham, 210 balneae versus thermae, 48–9, 101 Carthage, Tunisia, Antonine Thermae, Barsanuphius on bathing, 204 138–9 basilica thermarum, 63, 76, 142, 146, castellum aquae, 99–100, 246 246 Celsus, 77, 94, 222–3, 246 bathing, 1–4 Cemenelum (Nice, France), North Baths, eating and drinking, 19–20, 26 East Baths and West baths, 60–1 ethical and moral concerns about, Cherchel (Iol, Algeria), Small Baths, 146 22–7, 38 Christianity and bathing, 171, 188, exercise as a prelude to, 14–6, 120–2 201–204, 206, 220–22 games, 14–5 transformation of baths, 197–99, see garments of, 12, 28–9, 225 also, alousia luxuries of, 8–9, 23–4 Cicero, 29–30, 40, 224 mixed bathing (women), 33–4 Cilicia (Rough Cilicia), baths, 158, night bathing, 12 176–80, 182, 188, 196 nudity, 6, 27–9, 30–1, 33, 37, 41, 182, cleanliness and bathing, see Postclassical 214, see also nudity bathing in Europe objection to by the Early Church, 182, Commodus, 25, 188 202–4 Conimbriga (near Coimbra, Portugal), order (routine) of, 12, 17–8 South Baths, 64–5 paraphernelia of, 12–3 Constantine the Great, 117, 119, 171, popularity of, 2, 5, 9, 37, 41 183–4, 186 Seneca’s criticism (moralizing), 23–7, Constantinople (Istanbul) 41, see also Seneca baths general, 183–4 sunbathing, 18 Baths of Helena, 186 swimming, 8, 16, 21, 121, 182, 223–4 Baths of Oikonomon, 186 time of, 11–12, 33–4 Kalenderhane Camii Baths, 183, 185 baths neighborhood baths, 186–8 “People’s Palaces,” 8, 102 Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae business venture, 9 (Regionary Catalogues), 3, 183 cultural institution, 1–5 Thermae of Zeuxippos, 183–7, 200 democratic institution, 34–9 Curia Athletarum (Curia of the Athletes), doctors in, 9 in the Thermae of Trajan, 122–3 emperor visiting, 34–5 entertainment in, 18–9 De Balneis Puteolanis, 205, 247 lighting of, 24 De Nouy, Jean Lecomte, The White luxury of interiors, 7–8, 10, 23–4, 36, Slave, 1888, 227–8 126–7, 199, 214, 224 deforestation, caused by baths, 90 noises in (Seneca’s description), 20–1 Delphi, Hellenistic Gymnasium, 42–3 origins and development of, 40–7, 50, Demetrius the Cynic, 24, see also Rome, 84–6, 96–7 Thermae of Nero sex and sexuality in, 24, 27–8, 30–3, Derventum (Drevant, France), Second 214–15, 224–30, see also nudity Baths, 59, 62 “single-row” type bath plan, 54–6, destrictorium, 16 68–9, see also Dio Cassius, 33, 105, 107, 109, 245 Pompeian/Campanian baths Djemila (Cuicul, Algeria), Large Baths, stealing in, 14 141–4 uncouth behavior in, 25–6 Dougga (Thugga, Tunisia), Baths of boilers, 46–7, 86, 91–4 Licinius, 98, 141–4 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84032-3 - Bathing in the Roman World Fikret Yegul Index More information index 253 Dura Europos, Syria, Baths E-3,M-7, Herod’s Baths in the Winter Palace, E-3, 190–1, 196, 207 Jericho, 58 Herodotus and the ‘Baths of Scythians,’ Eastern baths, general, 182–3, 194–5, 94 199–201, 218, 228 Horace, 25, 40–1 Elizabeth of Valois, on medical bathing, hypocaust, 46, 52–3, 55, 81–7, 89, 94, 221–22 96, 209, 217, 248 Ephesus, 156–8, 160, 165, 170, 180, 200 East Bath-Gymnasium, 167–8 Imperial thermae, 7, 10, 16, 48, 96, 101, Harbor Bath-Gymnasium, 160–1, 171 103–05, 114, 126–32, 199 Kaisersaal (Imperial Hall), 163–6 art and artwork in, 123, 125, 128 Porticoes of Verulanus, 160, 171 athletic clubs in, 122–3 Scholastika Baths, 169 costs of building, 116, 118 Theater Baths, 167 experience and reception of, 126–32 Vedius Bath-Gymnasium, 161–4 gymnastic uses of, 120 Epiphanius, on bathing, 205 libraries in, 123–26 planning of, 96, 103–5 farm baths, Italy, 45–7, 50 see also Rome fashion and bathing, see Postclassical Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique, The bathing in Europe Turkish Bath, 1862, 226, 229 Finnish sauna, 1 Isca (Caerleon, England), Legionary Fregellae, Republican Baths, xii, 32, Baths, 62–3 51–2, 54–5, 66, 84, 86–7 Islamic baths and bathing Frontinus and De Aquis, 99, 247 general, 191, 201, 206–11 transformation of baths, 197–99, 219 Galen, 15, 222–3, 247 Isthmia, Hadrianic Baths in the Sanctuary Gerome, Jean-Leon, The Bath,c.1880–5, of Poseidon, 178, 211 227 Iuventus, Collegio Iuventum, 121, 248 Gisacum (Vieil-Evreux, France), 32, 62 Glanum (Saint-Remy-de-Provence, Japanese sento, 1 France), 59 Jerash (Gerasa, Jordan), West Baths, 197 Greek baths, 41–5, 96 Juvenal, 16, 27 Greek gymnasium, 14–5, 29, 41–5, 120–22, 126, 155–7 Karanis, Egypt, South Baths, 146–7 gymnastics, 9, 15, 43, 120–1, 123, 182, Khirbat al-Mafjar, Syria, Umayyad 205, 230 palace and bath, 209–11, see also, majlis al-lahwa Hammam al-Sarah, Syria, Baths and Hunting Lodge, 207, 210 labrum, 29, 43, 47, 54–5, 248 hammam (hamam, inTurkish), 1, 188, laconicum, 17, 43, 46, 53, 55–6, 60, 229–30, 248 94–7, 159, 217, 248 “hall type” baths (bath plans), 178–80, Lambaesis, Algeria, Legionary Baths, 92, 182 95, 97 Hammat Gader (Golan Heights), thermal Lanciani, Rodolfo, 34 baths, 205 Las Vegas, comparison to Roman “hanging floors,” bath heating, see Imperial thermae, 130–1 balneae pensiles lavatrina, 46, 50, 248 heating systems of Roman baths, 41, 46, Lepcis Magna, Libya 49, 52, 80–94, 98, 217, see also Hadrianic Baths, 76, 100, 136–8 hypocaust Hunting Baths, 36, 93, 147–50 Herculaneum Nymphaeum, 138 Forum Baths, 32, 56–7 Libanius, 3, 189, see also Antioch Gymnasium, 16 libraries in baths, 2, 101, 112, 123–6, Suburban Baths, 19, 31–2 see also Imperial thermae and Rome Hermeneumata Ps Dositheana, 3–4, 16 loutron, 42–3, 248 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84032-3 - Bathing in the Roman World Fikret Yegul Index More information 254 index Lucan, 121 Oued Athmenia, Algeria, Baths of Lucian and Baths of Hippias, 14, 74–9, Pompeianus, 151–3 248 Ovid, 32, 40–1 Lugdunum Convenarum (Saint-Bertrand- de-Comminges, France), North Paris Baths, 59 baths, postclassical, 217, 218, 223–5 Lycia, asymmetrical bath plans, 155, Bains Tivoli, “prenuptial baths,” 224 158, 173–6, 178 Bains Vigier, 224 Gymnase du Champs Elysees, 224, Mactar (Mactaris, Tunisia), Large East 229–30 Baths, 140–1 Hotel Lambert pool and baths, 224–5 Magnesia-on-the-Meander, 19, North (Cluny) Baths, 36, 200 158 River Baths at Pont Royal, 224 majlis-al-lahwa, 211–12, see also Islamic Pergamon baths and bathing East Baths, 83–4 Malalas, 3, 188–9, see also Antioch Hellenistic Gymnasium, 44 Martial, 5, 8, 11, 14–5, 19–20, 25–6, 30, Peter of Eboli and De Balneis Puteolanis, 36, 48, 74, 106–7, 121 205, 247, see also thermal baths and men’s baths (balneum virile), 33, 38 Baiae Metallum Vipascen se, see Vipascum Petronius and Satyricon, 14 Miletus Philip the Arab, Roman emperor, 197 Baths (Thermae) of Faustina, 157, Phinehas ben Yar, Hebrew Father, on 168–71, 184 cleanliness as godliness, 222 Baths of Vergilius Capito, 157–60 pilae (pillars), 82–4, 249, see also Hellenistic Gymnasium, 120, 156, hypocaust 159–60 Pisanella, Villa of Poppidius Florus, 47 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 228–30, Plautus, 32, 40, 216 see also, Orientalism Pliny the Elder, 24–6, 30, 50, 84 Musa, Antonio, 219 Pliny the Younger, 12, 25–6, 77–8, 155, 157 natatio, 16, 53, 57, 59, 64, 98, 100, 106, Plutarch, 29–30 109, 112, 114–8, 131, 138, Pompeii 140–1152, 248, see also bathing, Campanian bath type, 32, 47, 52, 55, swimming, swimming pool 58–64, 120, see also ‘single-axis North Africa type’ bath types, 134–6 Central Baths,
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