District Survey Report Dhamtari AS PER NOTIFICATION NO

2019

District Survey Report Dhamtari AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 3611(E) NEW DELHI, 25TH JULY, 2018 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING MINERAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Govt. of Chhattisgarh

DGM

LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION MAP – DHAMTARI DISTRICT

1.Introduction With reference to the gazette notification dated 25th July 2018, ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the district- environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District - Environment Assessment Committee (DEAC) are to be constituted by the divisional commissioner for prior environmental clearance of quarry for minor minerals. The DEIAA and DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of ministry of minor minerals on the basis of district survey report. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and mining activities along with other relevant data of district. This report contains details of Lease, Sand mining and Revenue which comes from minerals in the district. This report is prepared on the basis of data collected from different concern departments.

Dhamtari district is situated in the southeastern part of the Chhattisgarh. It is fertile plains. It falls in the survey of India degree sheet No. 64/H,L and G between Lattitude 20°02"42' : 21°01"33' N and Longtitudes 81°24'41" : 82°10'45" E. The total area of the district is 4080 sq. km.and about 317 meters (1,040 feet) above mean sea level. It is bordered by the Raipur and Durg District to the north, the Kanker, Bastar Districts and Orrisa state to thesouth. The Gariyaband to the east and the Kanker and Balod Districts to the west. The fertility of the land in the Dhamtari District is due to the Mahanadi River and its tributaries (Sendur, Pairi, Sondhur, Kharun, and Shivnath).Dhamtaritown district head quarter is situated 79 km from capital Raipur of Chhattisgarh. The Dhamtari including 4 Tahsil namely Dhamtari, Nagri, Magarload and Kurud. Population of the district is 7, 99,781 of which 397897 male and 401884 female respectively. The Mahanadi is the main river which originated from sihawa Hills pahadh of the district and runs through Nagari to south of Dhamtari town to Rajim to Champaran, Arang (near Raipur).

2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District

In the district there is no mining lease of major minerals only 16 Quarry lease (Minor Minerals) are granted. Out of sanctioned 16 Nos. lease for minor minerals, (13 are for the ordinary stone and 3 are for the fire bricks). The name of important village for the ordinary stone is achholi nagari, Devpur nagari, Bagodar, Kokadhi, Goji and Dhaurabhata. Additional to this Donar Dhamtari village is known for fire bricks. 52 Nos. leases are notified for the sand.

3. List of Quarry Leases in the District with location, area and period of validity ¼d½ ftys esaLohd`r mR[kfuiV~Vks dh lwph %&

mR[kuuiV~Vksa dh lwph Ø- iV~Vsnkj dk uke o irk xzke ,oa [kljk uEcj jdck [kfut vof/k rglhy ¼gs- esa½ dk uke ¼fnukad --- ls --- rd½

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 1 Jh ukxsUnz 'kqDyk] vk- Jh vNksyh 462]63 2-16 iRFkj 29-05-2014 ls vfEcdk izlkn 'kqDyk uxjh 28-05-2044 fuoklh&taxyikjk uxjh rg-& uxjh] ftyk& /kerjh 2 xxu ukgVk vk0 Lo- Jh nsoiqj 447 4-00 iRFkj 02-05-2013 ls lqjs'k ukgVk uxjh 01-05-2043 fuoklh&taxyikjk uxjh rg-uxjh ftyk /kerjh 3 Jh jtr dqekj ikj[k] vk- ckxksMkj 329 7-50 iRFkj 29-05-2014 ls Jh pSulq[k ikj[k /kerjh ,dM+ 28-05-2034 fuoklh&”'kkafr dkyksuh /kerjh] ftyk /kerjh 4 Jh ;ksxs'k dalkjh] firk dksdM+h 970]974 ls iRFkj 29-05-2014 ls Jh lqjsUnz lko dq:n 979@2]3 1-83 28-05-2039 fuoklh&lnj jksM 1002@1]2 u;kikjk ¼jkfte½ ftyk 1003 ls jk;iqj 1006 5 eks- v;qc fjtoh] vk- eks- dksdM+h 973]982 ls 0-93 iRFkj 01-12-2009 ls flf)d] dq:n 984] 987 ls 30-11-2039 fuoklh&lnj jksM 989 rd uokikjk ¼jkfte½ ftyk jk;iqj 6 Jh iwtk ikj[k] firk Jh dksdM+h 970 ls 999] iRFkj 10-07-2009 ls foey ikj[k dq:n 1000@1]2 3-58 09-07-2039 fuoklh&lnj jksM 1001]1053 ls u;kikjk jkfte ¼jk;iqj½ 1057@1]2 1058 ls 1068] 1070 ls 1073 7 Jh uhjt xaxoky] firk xksth 1117 1-60 iRFkj 01-12-2009 ls Jh /kjepan th tSu dq:n 30-11-2039 fuoklh&lnj jksM uokikjk ¼jkfte½ ftyk jk;iqj

8 Jh vk'kh’k VkfV;k] vk-Jh xksth 1104 ls 1-71 iRFkj 23-06-2012 ls Lo:ipan VkfV;k dq:n 1109] 1111 22-06-2042 fuoklh xq:nso vkVks ls 1115 eksckbZy paikj.k pkSd ds ikl xkscjk uokikjk jkfte] ftyk xfj;kcan 9 Jh jktsUnz igkfM+;k]vk-Jh xksth 1119] 1125 0-52 iRFkj 26-02-2013 ls usehpan igkfM+;k dq:n ,oa 1127 25-02-2023 fuoklh&lnj jksM] uokikjk jkfte 10 lquhy dqekj tSu vk0 Jh xksth 1083]1102]11 2-83 iRFkj 31-05-2014 ls rkjkpan tSu dq:n 03]1110]1112] 30-05-2044 fuoklh&pkScs dkyksuh 1113]1114@ jk;iqj 1]2 11 Jhefr iqtk cksFkjk] ifr /kkSjkHkkBk 466@2 0-62 iRFkj 20-06-2011 ls Jh jktdqekj cksFkjk exjyksM 19-06-2041 fuoklh&LVs'ku jksM xkscjk uokikjk] jkfte] jk;iqj 12 Jh vCnqy x¶Qkj] vk-Jh /kkSjkHkkBk 448] 0-34 iRFkj 03-02-2012 ls vCnqy lÙkkj] exjyksM 449]450]475 02-02-2042 fuoklh&lnj jksM uokikjk] ¼jkfte½ ftyk jk;iqj 13 fodze es?kokuh vk0 Jh /kkSjkHkkBk 447]457@1]2 1-60 iRFkj 20-12-2013 ls rkjkpan es?kokuh fuoklh exjyksM ]5 19-12-2043 ia0 lqUnj yky 'kekZ pkSd fQaxs’oj jksM jkfte 14 Jh jsosUnz dqekj pUnzkdj] nksuj 3089] 3166 3-00 fpeuh Hk- 19-02-2007 ls vk- Jh ctjax pUnzkdj /kerjh bZV 18-02-2037 fuoklh&nksuj] rglhy /kerjh ftyk /kerjh 15 Jh Vsdpan es?kokuh vk- xksth 824 ls 830 2-74 iRFkj 26-08-2017 ls Jh jsokpan es?kokuh dq:n ,oa 833@2 25-08-2047 fuoklh xatikjk jksM ls 834 rd uokikjk rg- vHkuiqj ftyk k;iqj 16 Jh rqxHknz panzkdj firk nksuj 2143] 2147] 1-97 fpeuh 26-08-2018 ls clar panzkdj /kerjh 2149] 2151] HkB~Bk bZV 25-08-2048 fuoklh&nksuj rglhy o 2153] 2157] ftyk /kerjh 2160 ]2164] 2165] 2164] 2146] 2144@1]2]3] 2148@1]2]3

(ii) List of Quary lease in the district with location area and period of validity ¼[k½ ftys essaLohd`r jsr [knkuks dh lwph %&

dzekad jsr [knku xzke i;kZ- ds vkns’k i-g-u- [kljk dza- jdck Lohd`r vof/k fnukad ¼gs-½ {kerk ls Rkd 1 esa?kk 23-12-2013 10 959 8-00 1]60000 23-12-2013 22-12-2016 2 rsUnwdksauk 06-01-2014 26 501 2-40 50]000 06-01-2014 05-01-2017 3 rsUnwdksuk 06-06-2014 26 502@1 5-50 52000 06-06-2014 05-06-2015 4 uokxkao ¼cq-½ 06-01-2014 8 1283 9-75 , 25000 06-01-2014 05-01-2017 5 uokxkao ¼cq-½ 08-02-2016 8 855 18-00 125000 08-02-2016 07-02-2018 6 fxjkSn 28-03-2014 6@40 319 4-00 25000 28-03-2014 27-03-2017 7 f

33 Ikjlqyh 25-05-2016 29 735 14-00 2100000 25-05-2016 24-05-2018 34 Ukkjh 26-05-2016 31 3449 8-00 120000 26-05-2016 25-05-2018 35 nksuj 30-05-2016 15 3170 6-00 50000 30-05-2016 29-05-2018 36 veyhMhg 15-03-2016 13 1653 8-50 85000 15-03-2016 14-03-2018 37 dqYgkMhdksV 14-03-2016 48 719 10-00 100000 14-03-2016 13-03-2018 38 yMsj , 05-07-2016 35 01 8-00 80000 05-07-2016 04-07-2018 39 Eksgjsxk 21-07-2016 43 1332 15-00 150000 21-07-2016 20-07-2018 40 Hkhrjjkl 10-08-2016 22 930 16-39 50000 10-08-2016 09-08-2018 41 lksusokjk 15-11-2016 35 1676 8-00 80000 15-11-2016 14-11-2018 42 gjnh 13-01-2017 8 5 8-00 80000 13-01-2017 12-01-2019 43 lsejk ch 20-01-2017 15 778 10-25 80000 20-01-2017 19-01-2019 44 Mwejikyh 13-01-2017 19 1153 06 60000 13-01-2017 12-01-2019 45 ij[kank 23-03-2017 36 2290 8-00 800000 23-03-2017 22-03-2019 46 Ykhyj 24-4-2017 02 8-00 800000 24-04-2017 23-04-2019 47 MkHkk 05-05-2017 39 01 8-00 80000 05-05-2017 04-05-2019 48 grca/k 22-07-2016 13 1 20 100000 22-07-2016 21-07-2018 49 Hkjkjh 28-07-2017 38 01 14-00 140000 28-07-2017 27-07-2019 50 panzlwj 28-07-2017 8@42 1045@ 6-00 60000 28-07-2017 27-07-2019 1248 51 /kkSjkHkkBk¼HkksFkk½ 22-1-2018 01 6-00 60000 22-01-2018 21-01-2020 52 eqMikj 22-01-2018 1 10 100000 22-01-2018 21-01-2020

4. Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

(i) Major Minerals

In Dhamtari district there is no mining lease.

(ii) Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Minor Minerals (Sand) l-Ø- foRrh; o"kZ [kfu dk uke Tkek jk;YVh ¼:Ik;s essa½

1 jsr 2]10]52]520 2 2016&17 xkS.k [kfut iRFkj 70]51]998 ;ksx 1 jsr 1]79]31]000 2 2017&18 xkS.k [kfut 46]42]416 ;ksx 1 jsr 2]40]25]380 2 2018&19 xkS.k [kfut 8486270 ;ksx Ekgk;ksx

5. Details of Production & Royalty of Sand in last Three years

l-Ø- foRrh; o"kZ [kfut dk uke mRiknu dh ek=k ¼?ku ehVj essa½ 1 jsr 10]97]626 2016&17 2 xkS.k [kfut iRFkj 68]466 1 jsr 8]96]550 2017&18 2 xkS.k [kfut iRFkj 45]072 1 jsr 4]60]932 2018&19 2 xkS.k [kfut iRFkj 10]559

6. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS The district forms a part of the Mahanadi basin. The general slope on the eastern part of the area is towards south –east, in the central part of the area is towards north and on the western part is towards north western direction. The western boundary of the district is running along the Mahanadi River. The Jonk River passes through the central part of the district and is running in northern direction. The Kurarnala, Naminala, Keswanala and sukhanadi forms part of the drainage system for Mahanadi River basin. TheMechkanala, Baghnala, Racmenala Lath nala forms part of the Jonk River basin. The Kuntinala, Suranginala and Chinarnala forms part of the Ong River basin.

The obvious things rivers transportload, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow. Erosion Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent. In the case of a river, the agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river transports until it deposits its load. A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the river’s course, discussed in more detail here but essentially, in the upper stage of the river’s course (close to the source of the river) there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion. In the middle and lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place.

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next type of erosion is corrasion. This is where the river’s load acts almost like sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is turbulent.

Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of rocks. Water, being ever so slightly acidic, will react with certain rocks and dissolve them. Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk or

9 limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise, it doesn’t have much of an effect. Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion. Air bubbles trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the river’s banks. These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened to the point at which it falls apart. The final type of erosion is attrition. Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load.

Transportation When a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the load. There are a few different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the river has and how big the load is. The largest of particles such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way. Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation. This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported by suspension. Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk, can be transported in solution. Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending on their energy. The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific point in its course is called the river’s capacity. The biggest sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the river’s competence.

Deposition To transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced to deposit its load. There’s several reasons why a river could lose energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isn’t flowing as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an increase in evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load. If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load

10 because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lotof energy. As rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material.

This material will be small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion.

The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited. This is called a point bar or slip off slope Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route.

The fastest current, called the thalweg, will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks. Eventually deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow lake will slowly dry up , only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood. Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases, when the vwater decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans, alluvial cones, piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.

7. General Profile of the District

S.No. Particulars Statistics 1 General Information Geographical Area 20°02"42' : 21°01"33' N 81°24'41" : 82°10'45" E Geographical Position 7,99,781 Administrative Division/Number of Tehsil 3/5 No. of Panchayat/Villages 355/653 Population (As Per Census 2011) 799781 Population Density (As Per Census 2011) 196 2 Geographology Major Physiographic Units Central Chhattisharh Plain and Part of Bastar Plateau Major Drainage Mahanadi, Sondhur, Pairi and Kharun rivers 3 Land use (Km2) - Forest Area 2126 4 Major Soil Types 5 Number of Ground Water Monitoring Stations of CGWB (10.05.2016) Water Level - No. of Stop Dam - No. of Anikat - No. of Major Bridges - 6 Hydrologeology Major Water Bearing Formation Weathered & fractured granite, Fractured shale and sandstones, Cavernous Limestone Pre-Monsoon depth of water level During 2012 ii) Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level During 2012 (mbgl) 1.72 to 10.92, Avg.: 6.84 Post Monsoon depth of water level during 2012 iii) Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level During 2012 (mbgl) 0.71 to 5.29, Avg.: 2.78 7 Mining Scenario Total No. of Mining Leases (Major Minerals Nill Total Area of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) Nill Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Major Nill Minerals in 2018-19 Total No. of Mining Leases (Minor Minerals) 16 Total Area of Mining Leases (Minor Minerals) - Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Minor 84,86,270 Minerals in 2018-19 Total No. Notified Sand Leas 52 Total Area of Sand Leases - Total Production of Sand in 2018-19 4, 60,932 Cub.m. No. of Quarry lease extended As per Amended - CGMMR 2015

8. Land Utilition Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining etc. i.Forest :

iiAgriculture&Horticulture:Dhamtari district is in the fartile plains of the Chhattisgarh, with the main crop being Paddy. Apart from Paddy, vereals like maize, kodo-kutki and other small millets, pulses like tur and kulthi and oilseeds like Groundnut, Soybean, Niger and Sunflower are also grown. Yet productivity is not very high. This btoutht a new thrust on the sector of Horticulture, as the region is also suitable for growing Mango, Banana, Guava and other fruits and a variety of vegetable. Unique feature of Dhamtari. Is the total number of Rice Mills that is more than136.In the east, Satpura range is located. It is popularly known as

Sihawapahad. In west lies district of Kanker. In North lies Raipur, the heart and capital city of Chhattisgarh. Southwards lays the boundary of Orrisa state. RavishankarSagar dam that irrigates almost 57000 Hectare of land and also acts as a main supply unit of safe drinking water resource for state capital Raipur as well as supply to Bhilai Steel Plant lies at almost 11 Km from the District capital . Work of 10 MW hydro-electric power plant is progressing and is likely to be completed very soon.Asia's first ever Siphon dam was built in the year 1914 at Madamsilli. Besides Madamsilli, Sondhur dam, Dudhawa dam are the major projects. iii River :Mahanadi is the principal river of this district and Mahanadi is so far named as Kankannadi, Chitrotpala, Neelotpala, Mandvahini, Jairath etc. Its tributaries being SendurPairy, Sondur, Joan, Kharun and Shivnath. The fertility of lands of Dhamtarai district can be attributed to the presence of these rivers. The Chief crop of this region is Paddy. Mahanadi one of the major rivers in central India originates in the hills of Sihawa flows in the direction of East into the Bay of Bengal.

14 iv)Transportation : Dhamtari district has three National Highway which are National Highway 30, National Highway 217 and National Highway 216. The construction of four lane road in National Highway 30 from Arang-Dhamtari to Saraipali up to Orisa is in progress. Dhamtari station is well connected to Raipur, Durg, Nagpur, Mumbai, Delhi, Bhopal, sambalpur, Ttilagarh, Vishakhapatnam, Tirupati, Puri, Bilaspur, Koraba, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Ahemdabad etc. through the Indian railway system. The national highway No. 30 (Previously NH 43) Raipur – Vijaynagaram (Andhra Pradesh) passes through Dhamtari. Raipur is 78 Km. from Dhamtari.

9. Physiography of the District

Physiographically, the northern part of the district exhibits structural plain with denudational slope and flood plain (including in -filled river beds). The southern part of the district exhibits pediment/pediplain with denudational slope and plateau in the southwestern part and denudational hills and valleys in the southeastern part. The district forms a part of Mahanadi basin. Mahanadi River and its tributaries drain the district. The general slope of the area is towards north. The maximum elevation in the area is 748m above mean sea level as recorded in southwestern part of the district while the minimum elevation of 297m above mean sea level is noted in the nnortheastern part of the district.

10. Rainfall of District Dhamtari Month wise

Rainfall Data

vkSlr o"kkZ o"kZ Tkwu tqykbZ vxLr flrEcj vDVwcj uoEcj fnlEcj tuojh Qjojh ekpZ vizSy ebZ ;ksx ls izfr- 2016-17 216.55 409.73 284.25 255.10 322.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 254.85 0.00 216.55 1748.70 145.73 2017-18 168.45 248.23 285.38 256.55 259.40 145.40 48.75 4.65 6.40 19.03 12.08 168.45 1023.98 85.33 2018-19 277.70 266.68 247.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 277.70 1357.50 113.13 vkSlr o"kkZ 174.19 268.50 411.35 190.20 26.91 0.00 24.38 2.33 15.74 22.05 15.44 39.66 1190.74 99.23

11. Geology and Mineral 1. Geology :- The rock formations ranging in age from Archaean-Palaeo Proterozoic to Cainozoic are exposed in the district. The oldest rocks in the area are represented by Bengpal Group of Archaean age(4000-2500 m.y.), which are exposed in the southeastern part of the district, Bengpal Group comprises granite gneiss (ranging in composition from biotite, amphibole gneiss to granodiorite gneiss) and migmatite with enclaves of meta-ultramafic, meta- basic, quartzite mica schist, banded magnetite quartzite, and anthophyllite schist. BundeliGranitoids/Dongargarh granite of Palaeo Proterozoic age (2500-200 m.y.) occupy the southern part of the district and comprise leucogranite, biotite and hornblende granite, granodiorite and granophyre. Younger intrusives of Meso Proterozoic age (2000-1600 m.y.)Intruding gneisses and granitoids are exposed in the southeastern part of the district and include basic dykes of gabbroic, doleritic and basaltic composition, quartz vein and pegmatitic pink granite. Undeformed and unmetamorphosed sedimentary sequence of rocks belonging to Chhattisgarh Supergroup of Meso to Neo Proterozoic age (2000-900 m.y,) overlie the granitoids. They occupy the northern part of the area and are represented by Chandarpur and Raipur groups. Chandarpur Group is further classified into Lohardih and Kansapathar Formation. Lohardih Formation is mostly arenitic in nature and compirses ferruginous puplearkosic and gritty wacke arenite with shale partings and a basal conglomerate. Kanspathar Formation compirses highly matured ferruginous and well sorted glauconitic quartz arenite. The Raipur Group is classified into Charmuria and Gunderdehi formations. Charmuria Formation is dominantly a carbonate facies and is represented by the cherty limestone, dark grey, bedded, pyritiferous and argillaceous limestone and purple phosphatic limestone at places. Gunderdehi Formation is dominantly calcareous argillite distrinctfacies. It comprises buff to purple coloured shale with intercalated limestone and ferruginousearenite. Lenses of intraformational conglomerate are seen in the upper part. Laterite cappings of Cainozoic age occurring over the Bundeligranitoids are seen in the southeastern part of the district. Thera are no economic mineral deposits of any significance ezcept limestone at Sonadih, Gotra and Amlidihi and clay at Kosagonda.

Stratigraphic succession of District

1.1 .Archaean:- Rock formations ranging in age from Archean to Neo Proterozoic are exposed in the district. The flood plains of Mahanadi River are occupied by recent alluvium. The oldest rocks in the area arerepresented by Bengpal Group of Archean age (>2500 m.y.) and are exposed in the cetral part of the district Bengpal Group comprises grey granite gneiss. Porphyroblastic gneiss and magmatite with enclaves of quartzite, banded amphibole-magnetite quartzite, fuchsite quartzite, quartz-mica schist, andalucite schist, meta- ultramafic. The rocks of the Sonakhan Group of Paleao Proterozoic age (2200-2000m.y.) comprising Meta volcanic and associated meta- sedimentaries unconformably overlie the gneissic complex and exposed in the northeastern part of the district. Sonakhan Group is classified into three formations viz. Baghmara, Arjuni and Bilari. Baghmara formation comprises meta-ultramafic amphibolite, actinolite-chlorite schist and basaltic agglomerate. Arjuni Formation comprises meta-conglomerate, meta-greywacke, meta- argillite with banded ferruginous chert, Meta rhyolite, tuff and meta-besalt. Billari formation comprises meta-conglomerate, Meta greywacke, meta-argilite, meta-basalt with basaltic conglomerate and agglomerate, meta-rhyolite with agglomerate and tuff, meta-greywacke and dacit. The volcano sedimentary sequence of the Sonakhan Group is intruded by a large gabbroic complex of variable composition like peridolite, pyroxenite, anorthositic gabbro and gabbro.

1.2. PalaeoProterozoic:- Bundeli/DongargarhGranitoids of Palaeo Proterozoic age occupy major part of the district. It comprises granodiorite, biotite and hornblende granite, lecogranite and granophyres. Granophyre with well developed micrographic texure is marked as a separate lithounit within the granitoids and is exposed in the southwestern and central part of the district. Numbers of younger intrusive of Meso Proterozoic age (2000-1600 m.y.) viz. gabbro and doleritic dykes and qurtz veins have traversed the granitoids and Sonakhan volcano- sedimentary sequence.

1.3. Meso to Neo Proterozoic:- Unformed and unmetamorphosed sedimentary cover sequence of rocks belonging to Chhattisgarh Supergroup of Meso to Neo Proterozoic age (2000-900 m.y.) overlie the granitoids and rocks of Sonakhan Group. The Chhattisgarh Supergroup occupies the eastern and western part of district and is represented by Singhora, Chandrapurand Raipur Group. SinghoraGroup of sediments are identified as four lithofacies and exposed in the eastern part of district.these four lithofacies have been given status of Rehatikhol, Saraipali, Bhalukona and Chhuipali formations arranged in ascending order. Rehatikhol formation is predominantly areniticfacies, resting unconformably over the granitic basement and comprises arkose and feldspathic sandstone with minor intercalations of siltstone and shale with a pebble horizon towards the base. Saraipali formation is the argillite facies and a charecteriseddominantly by purple and green shale, banded chert and minor limestone. Bhalukona formation is predominantly areniticfacies and comprises quartz arenite, shale and siltstone. Chhuipali formation is the calc- argillite facies and comprises dominantly variegated shale, ferruginous arenite, chirt and bedded stromatolitic and dolomitic limestone. Chandrapur Group has been classified into three formationsviz. Lohardih, Chapordih and Kansapathai.Lohardih Formation is mostly arenitic in nature and comprises feldspathic sandstone and ferruginous arenite, wacke arenit, arkos, sub- arkose and chirt with polymictic conglomerate at the base.Chapordih formation is predominatly an argillite facies and comprises black,pink and light grey shale intercalated with arenite bands. Black shale is generally laminated with alternate fine silt-rich lamellae. In the western part of the district, it become arenitiv in nature and comprises sub-arkosicarenite to fine grained arenite intercalated with shale, siltstone and mudstone.kansapather formation is dominantly an areniticfacies and comprises highly matured glouconitic quartz arenite. Charmuria formation of Raipur Group is dominantly a carbonate facies and it is represented by cherty limestone, dark grey bedded pyritiferousand argillaceous limestone and purple phasphatic limestone.

Minerals :- In Dhamtari district there are no economic minerals deposits of any significance except reported occurrence of fluorite and molybdenum. Fluorite occurring as veins and veinlets in sheared feldspathic quartzite is reported at Charkuta, Chiwrakuta, Chatkachar and Makannuta. Molybdenum occurring in the form of specks in pink granite and granodiorite is reported at 10 km southwest of Sankra. Other Information of the District Drainage system with description of main rivers

Water Resource Department

1. Drainage System with Description of Main rivers S.No. Name of the River Area Drained % Area Drained in the district (Sq.K.M.) 1 Mahanadi River 2335.63 1.65% 2 Sondur River 872.36 84.93% 3 Pairi River 330.82 11.02% 4 Kharun River 541.18 12.91%

2. Salient Features of Important Rivers amd Streams : S.No. Name of the Total Length Place of the of the Origin Altitude at Origin River or Stream in the district (Appx) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Mahanadi River 119 km Pharsiyan 2 Sondur River 74 km Navrangpur (State Udisa) 3 Pairi River 47 km Bhatarigarh (Dist Gariyaband) 4 Kharun River 34 km Petuchua (Dist Balod)

Name of Portion of River or Length of area Average area Mineable River Stream recommended Width of recommended Minerals (in Recommended for for mineral area for mineral cum) (60% of Mineral concession concession recommende concession (In total (Kilometer) d for mineral square minerals) concession meters) (meters) 6 7 8 9 10 Mahanadi Achhota to Rajim River 80 500 4000000 97920000 Sondur Ghorgaon to Rajim River 47 200 14100000 11505600 Pairi River Mohera to Rajim 35 400 28000000 22848000 Kharun Siloti to Nawagaon River (Kachna) 34 30 612000 499392 Total 132772992

3- Mineral Potential Name of the Boulder Bajari Sand (MT) Total Mineable River or Stream (MT) (MT) Mineral Potential Mahanadi River - - 97920000 97920000 Sondur River - - 11505600 11505600 Pairi River - - 22848000 22848000 Kharun River - - 499392 499392 Total 132772992 132772992

Annual Deposition

Name of the Boulder Bajari Sand (MT) Total Mineable River or Stream (MT) (MT) Mineral Potential Mahanadi River - - - - Sondur River - - - - Pairi River - - - - Kharun River - - - -

Availability of sand or gravel or aggregate resources.

S. Name of River Portion of River or Length of area Average Width of area Mineable No Stream Recommended recommended for area recommended recommended Minerals (in for Mineral concession mineral for mineral for mineral cum) (60% of concession concession (meters) concession (In total minerals) (Kilometer) square meters) 1 Mahanadi Achhota to Rajim 80 500 4000000 97920000 River 2 Sondur River Ghorgaon to Rajim 47 200 14100000 11505600 3 Pairi River Mohera to Rajim 35 400 28000000 22848000 4 Kharun River Siloti to Nawagaon 34 30 612000 499392 (Kachna) Total 132772992

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Note: The information provided in this report has been prepared from the existing and latest data collected from the concerned authorities. Although utmost care has been taken during editing and printing, still there may be some minor corrections for which the Directorate of Geology & Mining, Regional office Raipur SonakhanBhawan, cannot be held responsible. The queries in this regard are most welcome by the concerned office.