DOCSLIB.ORG

EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities East African Community (EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC) The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities East African Community (EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC) Study undertaken by the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Internally Displaced Persons, pursuant to Resolution 234 of April 2013 and approved by the Commission at its 55th Ordinary Session, May 2014 2015 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) This publication is available as a pdf on the ACHPR’s website under a Creative Commons licence that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the ACHPR and used for non-commercial educational or public policy purposes. Published by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights ACPHR 31 Bijilo Annex Layout Kombo North District Western Region P.O. Box 673 Banjul The Gambia Tel: (220) 4410505 / 4410506 Fax: (220) 4410504 Email: [email protected] Web: www.achpr.org Designed and typeset by COMPRESS.dsl | www.compressdsl.com The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | v Contents Tables vii Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Background x 1. Executive summary 1 Abbreviations and acronyms 1 1.1 Regional Economic Communities 1 1.2 Historical background and legal framework 2 1.3 Organs and institutions 3 1.4 Decision-making processes 3 1.5 Budgets and financing 4 1.6 Relationship with the AU and other RECs 5 1.7 Engagement with civil society 5 1.8 Current debates within the RECs 6 2. The East African Community 9 Abbreviations and acronyms 9 2.1 Historical background and legal framework 10 2.2 EAC organs and institutions 16 2.3 Decision-making at the EAC 26 2.4 Budgets and financing of EAC activities 33 2.5 Relationship with the AU and other RECs 36 2.6 Communication 37 2.7 Civil society in the EAC 38 2.8 Current debates in the EAC 43 Bibliography and resources 48 The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | v 3. The Economic Community of West African States 49 Abbreviations and acronyms 49 3.1 Historical background and legal framework 50 3.2 Organs and institutions of ECOWAS 56 3.3 The decision-making process in ECOWAS 75 3.4 ECOWAS finances 79 3.5 CSO and NGO work in ECOWAS 80 3.6 ECOWAS and the African Union 85 3.7 ECOWAS’s relationship with member states 86 3.8 Current debates in ECOWAS 87 Bibliography and resources 90 4. The Southern African Development Community 91 Abbreviations and acronyms 91 4.1 Historical background and legal framework 92 4.2 SADC organs and institutions 99 4.3 The decision-making process in SADC 110 4.4 Budgets and financing of SADC activities 112 4.5 Relationship with the AU 116 4.6 Civil society in SADC 117 4.7 Current debates in SADC 121 Bibliography and resources 123 vi | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | vii Tables Table 2.1 Different phases in the formation of the EAC 10 Table 2.2 Decision-making tools and their legal effect 14 Table 2.3 Institutions of the EAC 25 Table 2.4 Decision-making processes at the EAC and proposed civil society actions 29 Table 2.5 Meetings of organs of the EAC 30 Table 2.6 Calendar of Activities July to December 2012 – select activities 31 Table 2.7 Distribution of the 2012/2013 financial year budget 34 Table 2.8 Sources and estimated proportion per source for 2012/2013 34 Table 2.9 Disbursements by the EAC Partnership Fund (USD million) 35 Table 2.10 Participation of EAC partner states in different RECs 36 Table 2.11 Provision by the EACT for civil society participation in the EAC 37 Table 2.12 The various platforms and their host institutions 39 Table 3.1 ECOWAS member states 53 Table 3.2 Decision-making tools and their legal effect 55 Table 3.3 The central ECOWAS institutions 56 Table 3.4 Allocation of seats in the ECOWAS Parliament 60 Table 4.1 Key SADC historical events 94 Table 4.2 Amendments to the SADC Treaty 95 Table 4.3 SADC Protocols signed by member states 95 Table 4.4 A sample of ratification of SADC Protocols by country (Y = Yes, N = No) 98 Table 4.5 Agenda template for the Council of Ministers 105 Table 4.6 The 2011/2012 Budget (USD million) 113 Table 4.7 Analysis of approved 2011/2012 budget per intervention area 113 Table 4.8 Status of annual member states’ contributions as at 30 September 2011 (USD million) 114 Table 4.9 <No caption supplied> 115 Table 4.10 Comparative contributions by member states and ICPs to the SADC budget (USD million) 115 Table 4.11 Cross-memberships in RECs by SADC member states 121 The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | vii Figures Figure 2.1 The structure of the EAC 17 Figure 2.2 Organisation structure of the EAC 23 Figure 2.3 The decision-making process 28 Figure 2.4 A diagrammatic representation of the Consultative Dialogue Framework 42 Figure 4.1 Key Protocols and how many member states ratified them 98 Figure 4.2 Number of Protocols signed by each member state 99 Figure 4.3 <No caption supplied> 100 Figure 4.4 Structure of the Secretariat 109 Figure 4.5 The decision-making structures of SADC 110 Figure 4.6 Regional Integration Initiatives in eastern and southern Africa 122 viii | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | ix Acknowledgements The following current and former staff members of Open Society Foundations deserve special mention for reviewing chapters of the Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities: Bronwen Manby, Pascal Kambale, Ozias Tungwarara, Mary Wandia, Ibrahima Kane, Nadia Nata, Josephine Ihuthia and Yaye Ndiaye. This guide was prepared from research by Morris Odhiambo (East African Community), Rudi Chitiga (Southern African Development Community) and Solomon Ebobrah (Economic Community of West African States). The final version of the Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities was edited by Ali Zaidi and Marthina Mössmer. The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities | ix Background Revitalized regional integration offers the most credible strategy for tackling Africa’s development challenges because of the many weaknesses that overwhelm the limited capacities and resources of individual countries. Collective efforts with dynamic political commitment to integration can help to overcome the daunting challenges. – United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (2004), Assessing Regional Integration in Africa (ARIA I) As regional integration gains momentum, there is growing interest among civil society and citizens to participate in the processes and programmes of regional economic communities (RECs). The constitutive treaties of RECs provide for citizens’ participation, but the accessibility of REC treaties and protocols remains a challenge. Decision-making remains state-centric despite growing citizen and civil society interest in regional integration. The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities aims to assist citizens and civil society with engaging the policies and programmes of three RECs in Africa: • The East African Community (EAC); • The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); and • The Southern African Development Community (SADC). The following are discussed for each REC: • History and legal framework; • Organs and institutions; • The decision-making process; • Budgeting and finances; • Relationship with the African Union; • Engagement with civil society; and • Current debates within each REC. The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities also contains a sampling of the experiences of non-governmental organisations that have interacted with these RECs. x | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities 1. Executive summary | 1 1. Executive summary Abbreviations and acronyms AU African Union CET Common External Tariff COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CSOs civil society organisations EAC East African Community EACSOF East African Civil Society Organisations Forum ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EPA Economic Partnership Agreement EU European Union NGOs non-governmental organisations RECs Regional Economic Communities SADC Southern African Development Community SADC-CNGOSADC Council of Non-Governmental Organisations WACSOF West African Civil Society Forum 1.1 Regional Economic Communities Regional Economic Communities (RECs) are the building blocks of the African Union (AU). The 1980 Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa and the Abuja Treaty of 1991 establishing the African Economic Community provide the framework for Africa’s overall economic integration. The AU recognises the following RECs on the continent: • Economic Community of Central African States; • Economic Community of West African States; • Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa; • Intergovernmental Authority for Development; • Arab Maghreb Union; • East African Community; • Community of Sahel-Saharan States; and • Southern African Development Community. Given the relatively low level of literacy and exposure among their populations, the movement towards people-driven RECs is only achievable with the intervention and active participation of civil society organisations (CSOs) acting as a bridge between the RECs and the peoples of their regions. 1. Executive summary | 1 These RECs have gradually evolved away from purely economic cooperation, which was grounded in their colonial past. Their evolution towards associations of peoples that aspire to true economic, social and political integration – people-driven RECs – has created a “virtuous feedback” that civil society can leverage to great effect. The level of civil society involvement in the RECs’ agenda is still mostly in its infancy. This, arguably, is attributable to the fact that the processes and procedures of these regional blocs and the possible entry points for civil society intervention remain a mystery to many CSOs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Currency Union As a Panacea for Ills in Africa: a New Institutional Framework and Theoretical Consideration
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Currency Union as a Panacea for ills in Africa: A New Institutional Framework and Theoretical Consideration Abban, Stanley Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology 11 December 2020 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105459/ MPRA Paper No. 105459, posted 25 Jan 2021 20:11 UTC 1.0 INTRODUCTION A currency union is a union to which two or more countries agree to surrender their monetary sovereignty to adopt an official currency issued by a Central Bank tasked with formulating and implementing monetary policy. Currency union came to light when there was a need for choosing a suitable exchange rate regime as an improvement on the fixed exchange rate. Comparatively, currency union is superlative to fixed exchange rate due to equalization of price through the laid down nominal convergence criteria and the introduction of a common currency to ensure greater transparency in undertaking transactions (Rose, 2000; Abban, 2020a). Currency union is touted to emanate several gains and has the potential to be disastrous based on the conditionality among member-states. Empirical studies emphasize the main advantages of currency union membership lies with the elimination of exchange rate volatility to increase savings, relaxation of policies that hinder the free movement of persons and capital to improve trade and tourism, price transparency to intensify trade, and the ability to induce greater Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to stimulate intra-trade flows (Rose, 2000; Micco et al., 2003; Aristotelous & Fountas, 2009; Rodriguez et al, 2012). The key areas that benefit from currency union membership include production, the financial market, the labour market, tourism, the private sector, the political environment among others (Karlinger, 2002; Martinez et al, 2018; Formaro, 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Kwaheri Ukoloni, Kwaheri Uhuru! Harith Ghassany
    Kwaheri Ukoloni, Kwaheri Uhuru! Harith Ghassany [email protected] SOMA HAPA KWANZA Usambazaji wa kitabu hichi kwa mfumo wa Free Electronic Downloading unafanyika chini ya mkataba wa Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 ambao uko chini ya Sharia za nchi ya Marekani. Kwa mujibu wa Mkataba na Sharia hii, mtu anayekichukuwa kitabu hichi kupitia mfumo huu ana uhuru pia wa kukigawa, kukirudufu na kukisambaza chini ya masharti yafuatayo: • Kulitaja jina la mwandishi wa kitabu kwa njia isiyohalalisha matumizi binafsi ya kitabu • Kutokitumia kwa makusudi ya kibiashara wakati kinauzwa katika mfumo wa kitabu • Kutokubadilisha, kugeuza, au kuongeza chochote kwenye kitabu hichi Kwa maelezo zaidi, tafadhali tembelea: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ Kitabu hichi kinatolewa bure katika mfumo huu ili msomaji anufaike na baadaye naye akipendekeze kwa mwenzake ili hatimaye ujumbe wa kusimamisha amani uliomo kitabuni uwafikie walio wengi. Hata hivyo, mwandishi wa kitabu hiki anafahamu kwamba raha hasa ya kitabu ni kuwamo mikononi mwa msomaji, maana kitabu ni miongoni mwa vitu adhimu na vikongwe kabisa katika urathi wa mwanaadamu. Kwa hivyo, licha ya kutolewa fursa hii ya mfumo wa kukisoma bure kitabu hichi kupitia kwenye mtandao, ni matarajio ya mwandishi kuwa wako watakaopendelea wawe nacho mikononi na kukisoma kwa nafasi zao. Kwa vile walengwa wa mfumo huu wa Free Electronic Downloading ni Wazanzibari na Watanganyika wa kawaida, basi ipo haja kwa wale wenye uwezo, wakiwa ndani ama nje ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, kutoa mchango wa kuvinunua vitabu ama kupitia mtandao wa kitabu, http://kwaherikwaheri.com, au moja kwa moja kutoka http://lulu.com na kuwafikishia walimu na wanafunzi walioko kwenye skuli na vyuo vya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan Africanism and the Challenge of EAC Integration
    Pan-Africanism and the Challenge of East African Community Integration By Issa G. Shivji Mwalimu Nyerere University Professor of Pan-African Studies University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam [email protected] Paper to be presented at the EAC 10th Anniversary Symposium, 13-14 November 2009, Arusha, Tanzania. 1 Pan-Africanism and the Challenge of East African Community Integration By Issa G. Shivji Mwalimu Nyerere University Professor of Pan-African Studies University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam [email protected] I. Introductory The purpose of this short paper is to assess the challenge of regional unity like the East African Community (EAC) from the standpoint of pan-Africanism. We use the term ‘regional unity’, or regionalism, to refer to include both economic integration and political association. As we celebrate the 10th anniversary of the second-generation East African Community, it is opportune to stand back from the dominant debates on forms of integration – common market, monetary union, fast-tracking or snail-walking of the East African Federation etc. – and ask certain core questions: What exactly is the vision, the lodestar, so to speak, of the regional project? What is its historical genesis? What are the driving forces of the project, in whose interest and for what purpose? How does the project relate to the larger global forces, and in particular, to the changing world hegemonies? It is only by asking these bigger questions that we can critically assess where we are going and chart the possible way forward. It is not my intention to enter into a debate on the merits or demerits of the forms of economic integration or the speed of political association.
    [Show full text]
  • East African Community Regional Integration: Trade and Gender Implications
    East African Community Regional Integration: Trade and Gender Implications UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT East African Community Regional Integration: Trade and Gender Implications © 2018, United Nations This work is available open access by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designation employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits. This publication has been edited externally. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD/DITC/2017/2 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study is the result of a collaboration between UNCTAD’s Trade, Gender and Development Programme and TradeMark East Africa (TMEA) within the UNCTAD-TMEA Cooperation on Trade Facilitation and Trade and Gender Project. The trade and gender component of the project was generously financed by the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The report was prepared by an UNCTAD team including Nursel Aydiner-Avsar (lead author), Burak Onemli, and Bastiaan Quast. A number of colleagues at UNCTAD and TMEA provided comments and suggestions on previous versions of the report, including Lisa Borgatti, Judit Kozenkow, Mariangela Linoci, Maria Masood, Alessandro Nicita, Giulia Nucciarone, Jacqueline Salguero Huaman, Julia Seiermann, and Simonetta Zarrilli at UNCTAD; and Waturi Matu, Makena Mwiti, Lisa Karanja, Gloria Atuheirwe, and Eugene Torero at TMEA.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects for a Monetary Union in the East Africa Community: Some Empirical Evidence
    Department of Economics and Finance Working Paper No. 18-04 , Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Hector Carcel Luis Gil-Alana Prospects for A Monetary Union in the East Africa Community: Some Empirical Evidence May 2018 Economics and Finance Working Paper Series Paper Working Finance and Economics http://www.brunel.ac.uk/economics PROSPECTS FOR A MONETARY UNION IN THE EAST AFRICA COMMUNITY: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Guglielmo Maria Caporale Brunel University London Hector Carcel Bank of Lithuania Luis Gil-Alana University of Navarra May 2018 Abstract This paper examines G-PPP and business cycle synchronization in the East Africa Community with the aim of assessing the prospects for a monetary union. The univariate fractional integration analysis shows that the individual series exhibit unit roots and are highly persistent. The fractional bivariate cointegration tests (see Marinucci and Robinson, 2001) suggest that there exist bivariate fractional cointegrating relationships between the exchange rate of the Tanzanian shilling and those of the other EAC countries, and also between the exchange rates of the Rwandan franc, the Burundian franc and the Ugandan shilling. The FCVAR results (see Johansen and Nielsen, 2012) imply the existence of a single cointegrating relationship between the exchange rates of the EAC countries. On the whole, there is evidence in favour of G-PPP. In addition, there appears to be a high degree of business cycle synchronization between these economies. On both grounds, one can argue that a monetary union should be feasible. JEL Classification: C22, C32, F33 Keywords: East Africa Community, monetary union, optimal currency areas, fractional integration and cointegration, business cycle synchronization, Hodrick-Prescott filter Corresponding author: Professor Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Department of Economics and Finance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • An Optimal East African Monetary Union? Optimum Currency Area Theory and Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Monetary Union
    Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen, 15 May 2019 An Optimal East African Monetary Union? Optimum Currency Area Theory and Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Monetary Union submitted by Florian Preis (115684) Dominik Michael Thomas Rappe (115701) supervised by Professor Svend Erik Hougaard Jensen Master’s Thesis, MSc in Advanced Economics and Finance Department of Economics Pages: 119 Characters: 268,346 Acknowledgements Throughout the process of working on this thesis, we have received a great deal of support for which we are truly grateful. First and foremost, we want to thank our supervisor Professor Svend Erik Hougaard Jensen for his patient guidance, readiness to give invaluable advice, and fuelling our interest in the topic. Professor Lisbeth La Cour was able to offer proficient guidance related to the methodology of our econometric models. Her expertise and willingness to help are much appreciated. We want to further extent our sincere gratitude to Dr. Pantaleo Joseph Kessy, who significantly contributed to the relevance of this thesis by sharing insightful resources and perspectives. In addition, we want to thank Dr. Richard Kiplangat Siele for his local judgement and understanding of the topic. We truly enjoyed speaking to our interview partners. Furthermore, we want to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. Last but not least, we are grateful for our friends at Copenhagen Business School, who made this Master’s programme a delightful journey. Finally, we would like to thank our families, in particular our parents, for their everlasting support. Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen, May 2019 Florian Preis Dominik Michael Thomas Rappe i Abstract This thesis examines the feasibility of the proposed East African Community Monetary Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Support for the Formation of a Federation of East African States: Citizens’ Attitudes in Kenya and Tanzania by Samuel Balongo
    Support for the formation of a federation of East African states: Citizens’ attitudes in Kenya and Tanzania By Samuel Balongo Afrobarometer Policy Paper No. 16 | January 2015 Introduction Political leaders in the five countries of the East African Community (EAC) – Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi – have made concerted efforts to promote the benefits of an East African Federation (EAF). The signing of regional integration treaties is covered extensively in national and regional media. Yet many citizens in the two largest member states are not convinced that integration will lead to promised benefits for their countries. In Afrobarometer public-opinion surveys in 2011- 2012, citizens of Kenya and Tanzania were asked about the likely impact of an integrated EAF on the availability of jobs, managing conflict, controlling corruption, strengthening democracy, and controlling prices. On none of these five issues did a majority of Tanzanians say that an EAF would have a positive impact, and on only two issues – availability of jobs and controlling prices – did a majority of Kenyans expect improvement through an EAF. Public opinion on the regional federation is important because formation of the EAF would require a passive referendum vote in each country; if regionalism is supported only by elites and not by common citizens, such a referendum could have a difficult time passing. Moreover, the implementation of integration treaties requires the understanding, conviction, and confidence of citizens. Active involvement of the public is crucial, and its absence has been identified as the greatest impediment to success of regional integration (Aryeetey & Oduro, 1996). After providing background on regional integration in East Africa, this paper uses Afrobarometer data to describe public opinion in Kenya and Tanzania regarding expected effects of an EAF and to analyse the possible influence of lived poverty, patriotism, trust in political institutions, and perceived transparency of political executives on public support for full federation.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investment Guide to the East African Community
    UNITED NATIONS International Chamber of Commerce The world business organization AN INVESTMENT GUIDE TO THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Opportunities and conditions July 2005 UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2005 ii UNCTAD The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a per- manent intergovernmental body. Its main goals are to maximize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries, to help them face challenges arising from globalization, and to help them integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis. UNCTAD’s membership comprises 192 States. Its secretariat is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and forms part of the United Nations Secretariat. ICC The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the world business organization. It is the only body that speaks with authority on behalf of enterprises from all sectors in every part of the world, grouping together thousands of members, companies and associations from 130 countries. ICC promotes an open international trade and investment system and the market economy in the context of sustainable growth and development. It makes rules that govern the conduct of business across borders. Within a year of the creation of the United Nations it was granted consultative status at the highest level (category A) with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. This is now known as General Category consulta- tive status. Notes The term “country” as used in this study also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designa- tions employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Governance and Development of the East African Community: the Ethical Sustainability Framework
    Governance and Development of the East African Community: The Ethical Sustainability Framework Dickson Kanakulya Faculty of Arts and Sciences Studies in Applied Ethics 16 Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication Linköping 2015 Studies in Applied Ethics 16 Distributed by: Department of Culture and Communication Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden Dickson Kanakulya Governance and Development of the East African Community: The Ethical Sustainability Framework Licentiate thesis Edition 1:1 ISSN 1402‐4152:16 ISBN 978‐91‐7685‐894‐3 © The author Department of Culture and Communication 2015 Declaration: I declare that this study is my original work and a product of my personal critical research and thought. …………………………………………….. Kanakulya Dickson, Kampala, Uganda November, 2015 ii Approval: This research report has been submitted with the approval of my supervisor: Prof. Goran Collste --2015--11--09----- Co-Supervisor’s name: Signature: Date iii © 2015 Kanakulya Dickson All rights reserved iv Dedication: This work is dedicated to the Lord of all Spirits and Letters; accept it as a feeble effort to serve your eternal purposes.To Caroline Kanakulya, a beautiful and kindred spirit. To the healing of the spirit of East Africans.To the watchers who stood steadfast in the days of the multiplication. Great mysteries await across! v Acknowledgements: I acknowledge the Swedish Agency for International Development (Sida) and Makerere University for funding this research; and the staff of Makerere Directorate of Graduate Research and Training for support during the study. My deepest gratitude goes to my wife Caroline Kanakulya, my travel companion in life’s journey; thanks for standing my flaws and supporting me.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creation and Launching of the Pan-African Parliament Julien Navarro
    Building of a Regional Parliamentary Assembly in an International Context: The Creation and Launching of the Pan-African Parliament Julien Navarro To cite this version: Julien Navarro. Building of a Regional Parliamentary Assembly in an International Context: The Creation and Launching of the Pan-African Parliament. 3rd GARNET Annual Conference ”Mapping Integration and Regionalism in a Global World: The EU and Regional Governance outside the EU” Panel “Parliaments and Parliamentarians in Regional Integrations”, Sep 2008, Pessac, France. halshs- 00335402 HAL Id: halshs-00335402 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00335402 Submitted on 19 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Building of a Regional Parliamentary Assembly in an International Context: The Creation and Launching of the Pan-African Parliament1 Julien Navarro2, Sciences Po Bordeaux GARNET Working Paper No: 55/08 August 2008 ABSTRACT Despite its very brief existence, the Pan-African Parliament has become one of the key institutions of African integration. Although it possesses only very limited formal attributions, it has the potential for influencing and scrutinizing other AU institutions, such as the African Commission, and it can contribute to legitimizing the whole process of political integration across the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community SADC
    REGULATING RESIDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT IN EAST AFRICA- LESSONS LEARNED BY MR. PINIEL O. MGONJA, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION (TANZANIA) PRESENTATION TO THE INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION – INTERSESSIONAL WORKSHOP ON FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS IN REGIONAL INTERGRATION PROCESSES GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 18-19 JUNE 2007. 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS • Tanzania is a member of the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community SADC. • EAC Countries are Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, with a total population of about 98.3 million. • Cooperation in East Africa has a long history, from the colonial era. In 1947 the EAC had already established the East African Customs Union. • Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania proposed to delay Tanganyika’s independence so that Kenya and Uganda could join the latter to move to independence as a single entity. 2 • The first EAC was established on 1967. • At the time of its demise in 1977 EA was already in the common market. • East Africans moved more or less freely in the Region. • The current EAC draws its strength from lessons learnt from the defunct 1967-1977EAC. • Experience tells that a strong and sound EAC must be people centred. 3 THE MAP OF THE EAC 4 REVIVAL OF EAC • The EAC Treaty which was signed in 1999 specifies four main stages of the integration process namely Customs Union, Common Market, Monetary Union and Political federation. 5 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IN EAC • Article 104 of the East African Treaty, the partner states agreed to adopt measures to achieve the free movement of persons, labour and services and to ensure the enjoyment of the right of establishment and residence of their citizens within the Community.
    [Show full text]
  • And Others Africa South Of
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED C50 000 48 SO 001 213 AUTHOR Duignan, Peter; And Others TITLE Africa South of the Sahara: A Bibliography for Undergraduate Libraries. INSTITUTION National Council of Associations for International Studies, Pittsburgh, Pa.; New York State Education Dept., Albany. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. REPORT NO OPUB-12 BUREAU NO BR-5-0931 PUE LATE 71 NCTE 127p. AVAILABLE FROM Foreign Area Materials Center, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York ($8.95) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$E.58 DESCRIPTORS African Culture, African History, Area Studies, Bibliographies, Higher Education, *Library Collections, Library Materials, *Library Material Selection, *Social Sciences, *Undergraduate Study IDENTIFIERS *Africa, ESEA Title 4 ABSIRACI Library collections are generally ill equipped tc effectively sin:port foreign area students. This bibliography, one of a series on "neglected" foreign areas, attempts to provide guidelines for libraries in meeting these resources needs. Selection of entries was made according to the following guidelines: 1)few works in languages other than English; 2)emphasis on books published in the last 25 years, except for classica works; 3)few government documents; and, 4)an attempt to balance source books and secondary works, while covering all disciplines. Arrangement of entries is by broad geographic category, with subsections based on type of publication (bibliography, reference bcck, journal, general book) and subject area (history and archaeology, philosophy and religion, art and architecture etc.). Each entry is graded as to its degree of necessity for undergraduate collections, from books that should be purchased whether or not any courses on the area are taught, tc books necessary for an undergraduate area studies program.
    [Show full text]