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Private Client 2018 7Th Edition TheICLG International Comparative Legal Guide to: Private Client 2018 7th Edition A practical cross-border insight into private client work Published by Global Legal Group, in association with CDR, with contributions from: Aird & Berlis LLP Maples and Calder Alon Kaplan, Advocate and Notary Law Office Matheson Aronson, Ronkin-Noor, Eyal Law Firm Miller Thomson LLP Arqués Ribert Junyer – Advocats MJM Limited Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP Mori Hamada & Matsumoto Bircham Dyson Bell LLP Mourant Ozannes Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP New Quadrant Partners Limited DORDA Rechtsanwälte GmbH O’Sullivan Estate Lawyers LLP Griffiths & Partners and Coriats Trust Company Limited Ospelt & Partner Attorneys at Law Ltd. Hassans International Law Firm P+P Pöllath + Partners Higgs & Johnson Rovsing & Gammeljord Holland & Knight LLP Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP) Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP Spenser & Kauffmann Attorneys at Law Khaitan & Co Studio Tributario Associato Facchini Rossi & Soci (FRS) Lebenberg Advokatbyrå AB Tirard, Naudin, Société d’avocats Lenz & Staehelin Vieira de Almeida Loyens & Loeff Withers Bergman LLP Macfarlanes LLP Zepos & Yannopoulos The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Private Client 2018 General Chapters: 1 BREXIT: The Immigration Implications – James Perrott, Macfarlanes LLP 1 2 Keep Calm and Carry On: The Increasing UK Regulatory and Tax Issues Facing Offshore Trustees – Matthew Braithwaite & Helen Ratcliffe, Bircham Dyson Bell LLP 11 3 Pre-Immigration Planning Considerations for the HNW Client – Think Before You Leap – Contributing Editors Jonathan Conder & Robin Joshua S. Rubenstein, Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP 17 Vos, Macfarlanes LLP 4 Best Interest – Conflict of Interest: The Fiduciary Rule and Financial Advisory and Financial Sales Director Planning Services – Margaret O’Sullivan, O’Sullivan Estate Lawyers LLP 23 Florjan Osmani Account Director 5 Family Asset Protection – the Latest Key Developments: Variation of Nuptial Settlements Oliver Smith and Family Companies Coming Under Further Attack in the Divorce Courts – Sales Support Manager Marcus Dearle & Jessica Henson, Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP 26 Toni Hayward 6 Navigating Complex US Immigration Laws: US Visas & Taxation – Mark E. Haranzo & Sub Editor Reaz H. Jafri, Holland & Knight LLP / Withers Bergman LLP 29 Hollie Parker Senior Editors 7 Philanthropy in Canada: New Rules and Opportunities – Elise Pulver & Rachel Blumenfeld, Suzie Levy Aird & Berlis LLP 34 Caroline Collingwood 8 Still a Good Bet? What You Need to Know Now About Investing in UK Residential Property – Chief Operating Officer Marilyn McKeever, New Quadrant Partners Limited 37 Dror Levy Group Consulting Editor 9 The Limits to Transparency – George Hodgson & Emily Deane TEP, Society of Trust and Alan Falach Estate Practitioners (STEP) 41 Publisher Rory Smith Country Question and Answer Chapters: Published by Global Legal Group Ltd. 10 Andorra Arqués Ribert Junyer – Advocats: Jaume Ribert i Llovet & 59 Tanner Street Jordi Junyer i Ricart 44 London SE1 3PL, UK Tel: +44 20 7367 0720 11 Austria DORDA Rechtsanwälte GmbH: Paul Doralt & Katharina Binder 54 Fax: +44 20 7407 5255 Email: [email protected] 12 Bahamas Higgs & Johnson: Heather L. Thompson & Kamala M. Richardson 60 URL: www.glgroup.co.uk 13 Belgium Loyens & Loeff: Saskia Lust & Nicolas Bertrand 66 GLG Cover Design F&F Studio Design 14 Bermuda MJM Limited: Hildeberto (“Hil”) de Frias & Jane Collis 76 GLG Cover Image Source iStockphoto 15 British Virgin Islands Maples and Calder: Ray Davern & Alex Way 84 Printed by 16 Canada Miller Thomson LLP: Nathalie Marchand & Rahul Sharma 89 Ashford Colour Press Ltd. December 2017 17 Cayman Islands Maples and Calder: Morven McMillan 97 Copyright © 2017 18 Denmark Rovsing & Gammeljord: Mette Sheraz Rovsing & Johan Hartmann Stæger 102 Global Legal Group Ltd. All rights reserved 19 France Tirard, Naudin, Société d’avocats: Jean-Marc Tirard & Maryse Naudin 108 No photocopying 20 Germany P+P Pöllath + Partners: Dr. Andreas Richter & Dr. Katharina Hemmen 116 ISBN 978-1-911367-88-8 ISSN 2048-6863 21 Gibraltar Hassans International Law Firm: Peter Montegriffo QC & Louise Lugaro 124 22 Greece Zepos & Yannopoulos: Costas Kallideris & Anna Paraskeva 132 Strategic Partners 23 Guernsey Mourant Ozannes: Matthew Guthrie & Sophie Denman 138 24 India Khaitan & Co: Daksha Baxi & Aditi Sharma 144 25 Ireland Matheson: John Gill & Lydia McCormack 153 26 Israel Alon Kaplan, Advocate and Notary Law Office: Alon Kaplan & Aronson, Ronkin-Noor, Eyal Law Firm: Lyat Eyal 161 27 Italy Studio Tributario Associato Facchini Rossi & Soci (FRS): Francesco Facchini & Stefano Massarotto 167 28 Japan Mori Hamada & Matsumoto: Atsushi Oishi & Makoto Sakai 176 29 Jersey Mourant Ozannes: Edward Devenport & Giles Corbin 183 Continued Overleaf Further copies of this book and others in the series can be ordered from the publisher. Please call +44 20 7367 0720 Disclaimer This publication is for general information purposes only. It does not purport to provide comprehensive full legal or other advice. Global Legal Group Ltd. and the contributors accept no responsibility for losses that may arise from reliance upon information contained in this publication. This publication is intended to give an indication of legal issues upon which you may need advice. Full legal advice should be taken from a qualified professional when dealing with specific situations. WWW.ICLG.COM The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Private Client 2018 Country Question and Answer Chapters: 30 Liechtenstein Ospelt & Partner Attorneys at Law Ltd.: Dr. iur. Alexander Wolfgang Ospelt & Mag. iur. Dr. iur. Sascha Kurt Brunner 191 31 Portugal Vieira de Almeida: Tiago Marreiros Moreira & Frederico Antas 198 32 Sweden Lebenberg Advokatbyrå AB: Torgny Lebenberg & Peder Lundgren 208 33 Switzerland Lenz & Staehelin: Heini Rüdisühli & Dr. Lucien Masmejan 214 34 Turks and Caicos Islands Griffiths & Partners and Coriats Trust Company Limited: David Stewart & Conrad Griffiths QC 224 35 Ukraine Spenser & Kauffmann Attorneys at Law: Tetyana Ivanovych & Tetiana Havryliuk 228 36 United Kingdom Macfarlanes LLP: Jonathan Conder & Robin Vos 235 37 USA Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP: William Schaaf & Sasha Grinberg 251 EDITORIAL Welcome to the seventh edition of The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Private Client. This guide provides corporate counsel and international practitioners with a comprehensive worldwide legal analysis of the laws and regulations of private client work. It is divided into two main sections: Nine general chapters. These are designed to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of key issues affecting private client work, particularly from the perspective of a multi-jurisdictional transaction. Country question and answer chapters. These provide a broad overview of common issues in private client laws and regulations in 28 jurisdictions. All chapters are written by leading private client lawyers and industry specialists and we are extremely grateful for their excellent contributions. Special thanks are reserved for the contributing editors Jonathan Conder and Robin Vos of Macfarlanes LLP for their invaluable assistance and STEP for their continued and valued participation in the guide. Global Legal Group hopes that you find this guide practical and interesting. The International Comparative Legal Guide series is also available online at www.iclg.com. Alan Falach LL.M. Group Consulting Editor Global Legal Group [email protected] Chapter 16 Canada Nathalie Marchand Miller Thomson LLP Rahul Sharma 1 Connection Factors 1.5 To what extent is nationality relevant in determining liability to taxation in your jurisdiction? 1.1 To what extent is domicile or habitual residence relevant in determining liability to taxation in your On its own, nationality is irrelevant in determining whether a person jurisdiction? is liable to pay taxes in Canada, making Canada an attractive place to invest. As noted in question 1.3 above, only residence is relevant Domicile is generally not relevant to the determination of an in determining a person’s annual income tax liability. However, if individual’s Canadian tax liability. Rather, the rationale for imposing a taxpayer is deemed to be resident in two countries, one of which Canadian income taxes on individuals is based on the concept of is Canada, “tie-breaker rules” under international tax treaties may tax residence in Canada (domicile and habitual residence, however, apply to determine the taxpayer’s country of residence. Although may be relevant in the context of Wills and family law matters). not a primary consideration, nationality may be a factor that is considered when applying such rules. 1.2 If domicile or habitual residence is relevant, how is it defined for taxation purposes? 1.6 If nationality is relevant, how is it defined for taxation purposes? “Domicile” is not defined under the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Act”) and the concept of habitual residence is only relevant insofar Further to question 1.5, nationality is not relevant to the as an individual is resident in Canada for tax purposes. This latter determination of a person’s liability to pay Canadian income taxes concept is further discussed in questions 1.3 and 1.4, below. and is not defined in the Act. 1.3 To what extent is residence relevant in determining 1.7 What other connecting factors (if any) are relevant liability to taxation in your jurisdiction? in determining a person’s liability to tax in your jurisdiction?
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