The Problem of Comorbidity
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Passing in American Culture
Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online English Honors in the Major Theses Spring 2016 Passing in American Culture Joy E. Sandon Rollins College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors-in-the-major-english Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post- Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sandon, Joy E., "Passing in American Culture" (2016). English. 1. https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors-in-the-major-english/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors in the Major Theses at Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in English by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Passing in American Culture: Biracial, Queer, and Disabled Bodies Joy Sandon Submitted to faculty of the Rollins College English Department in partial fulfillment of the requirement for honors in the English major in the Hamilton Holt School Rollins College May 2016 To mom and dad, Thanks for always believing in me even when I was crying at 3am because I thought I couldn’t do it. Without you, I truly couldn’t have. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One 14 Chapter Two 35 Chapter Three 55 Conclusion 76 Bibliography 80 Sandon 1 Introduction When we think of passing, race is usually the first thing that comes to mind. Whether it’s James Weldon Johnson’s The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson, or general thoughts of the Harlem Renaissance, The Civil Rights Era, and contemporary struggles that people of color face, race is typically at the center of perceptions of passing. -
The Clinical Picture of Depression in Preschool Children
The Clinical Picture of Depression in Preschool Children JOAN L. LUBY, M.D., AMY K. HEFFELFINGER, PH.D., CHRISTINE MRAKOTSKY, PH.D., KATHY M. BROWN, B.A., MARTHA J. HESSLER, B.S., JEFFREY M. WALLIS, M.A., AND EDWARD L. SPITZNAGEL, PH.D. ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of depression in preschool children. Method: One hundred seventy- four subjects between the ages of 3.0 and 5.6 years were ascertained from community and clinical sites for a compre- hensive assessment that included an age-appropriate psychiatric interview for parents. Modifications were made to the assessment of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) criteria so that age-appropriate manifestations of symptom states could be captured. Typical and “masked” symptoms of depression were investigated in three groups: depressed (who met all DSM-IV MDD criteria except duration criterion), those with nonaffective psychiatric disorders (who met cri- teria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder), and those who did not meet criteria for any psychiatric disorder. Results: Depressed preschool children displayed “typical” symptoms and vegetative signs of depression more frequently than other nonaffective or “masked” symptoms. Anhedonia appeared to be a specific symptom and sadness/irritability appeared to be a sensitive symptom of preschool MDD. Conclusions: Clinicians should be alert to age-appropriate manifestations of typical DSM-IV MDD symptoms and vegetative signs when assessing preschool children for depression. “Masked” symptoms of depression occur in preschool children but do not predomi- nate the clinical picture. Future studies specifically designed to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of the symp- toms of preschool depression are now warranted. -
Becoming Autistic: How Do Late Diagnosed Autistic People
Becoming Autistic: How do Late Diagnosed Autistic People Assigned Female at Birth Understand, Discuss and Create their Gender Identity through the Discourses of Autism? Emily Violet Maddox Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy September 2019 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................................... -
Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults
RESEARCH BRIEF #8 ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS 150 000 elderly people suffer from depression in Swedenà Approximately half of older adults with depression in population surveys have residual problems several years later à Knowledge about de- pression and anxiety in older adults is limited, even though these conditions can lead to serious nega- tive consequences à More research is needed on prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with 1. Introduction a constant anxiety and excessive fear and anxiety about various everyday activities (anticipatory anxiety). Sweden has an ageing population. Soon every fourth Panic disorder is associated with panic attacks (distinct person in Sweden will be over 65. Depression and anxiety periods of intense fear, terror or significant discomfort). disorders are common in all age groups. However, these Specific phobia is a distinct fear of certain things or conditions have received significantly less attention than situations (such as spiders, snakes, thunderstorms, high SUMMARY dementia within research in the older population (1, 2). altitudes, riding the elevator or flying). The number of older people is increasing Psychiatry research has also neglected the older popu- Social phobia is characterised by strong fear of social situ- across the world. Depression and anxiety lation. Older people with mental health problems are ations involving exposure to unfamiliar people or to being is common in this age group, as among also a neglected group in the care system, and care varies critically reviewed by others. Forte is a research council that funds and initiates considerably between different parts of the country. -
Masks and Roles in Daily Life Young People and the Management of Emotions1
Masks and Roles in Daily Life Young People and the Management of Emotions1 Massimo Ceruloa a Department of Political Sciences, University of Perugia (IT) Summary. In this paper, I will analyse the outcome of the research I undertook in four Italian cities on young people between 18 and 20 years old. The general hypothesis of this research is that there is a difference between private emotions and the emotions manifested in daily interaction. Young people perform emotional work in order to select the emotions to be manifested according to the social context around them and the people inhabiting it. In this article, I will focus on two main points: a description of the main emotions experienced by young people in their daily life; the influence of places and subjects in the manifestation of emotions. Keywords: emotions, young people, daily life, masks, public places. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Massimo Cerulo, Department of Political Sciences, University of Perugia (IT), Via Elce di sotto, 06123 Perugia (Italy), e-mail: [email protected]. Received: 23.11.2015 – Revision: 10.12.2015 – Accepted: 28.12.2015 Introduction In contemporary society, we are immersed in emotional interaction: we enter in contact with, and relate to, the others through a kaleidoscope of both positive and negative emotions (Nussbaum, 2001). The emotions conveyed by an encounter, entering or staying within a group, associating with a social place rather than another, provide us with insight on our ‘being in the world’, our level of appreciation of that person, of that group, of that context (Turner & Stets, 2005). -
The Visual Analysis of Emotional Actions
SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE, 2006, 1(1) 63Á/74 The visual analysis of emotional actions Arieta Chouchourelou Rutgers University Á/ Newark Campus, Newark, NJ, USA Toshihiko Matsuka Stevens Institute of Technology, W.J. Howe School of Technology Management, Hoboken, NJ, USA Kent Harber and Maggie Shiffrar Rutgers University Á/ Newark Campus, Newark, NJ, USA Is the visual analysis of human actions modulated by the emotional content of those actions? This question is motivated by a consideration of the neuroanatomical connections between visual and emotional areas. Specifically, the superior temporal sulcus (STS), known to play a critical role in the visual detection of action, is extensively interconnected with the amygdala, a center for emotion processing. To the extent that amygdala activity influences STS activity, one would expect to find systematic differences in the visual detection of emotional actions. A series of psychophysical studies tested this prediction. Experiment 1 identified point-light walker movies that convincingly depicted five different emotional states: happiness, sadness, neutral, anger, and fear. In Experiment 2, participants performed a walker detection task with these movies. Detection performance was systematically modulated by the emotional content of the gaits. Participants demonstrated the greatest visual sensitivity to angry walkers. The results of Experiment 3 suggest that local velocity cues to anger may account for high false alarm rates to the presence of angry gaits. These results support the hypothesis that the visual analysis of human action depends upon emotion processes. Human observers demonstrate impressive visual 1988), emotional state (Atkinson, Dittrich, Gem- sensitivity to the actions of other people. This was mell, & Young, 2004) and gender (Troje, 2002). -
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Mild Depression
Research and Reviews Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Mild Depression JMAJ 54(2): 76–80, 2011 Tomifusa KUBOKI,*1 Masahiro HASHIZUME*2 Abstract The chief complaint of those suffering from mild depression is insomnia, followed by physical symptoms such as fatigability, heaviness of the head, headache, abdominal pain, stiffness in the shoulder, lower back pain, and loss of appetite, rather than depressive symptoms. Since physical symptoms are the chief complaint of mild depres- sion, there is a global tendency for the patients to visit a clinical department rather than a clinical psychiatric department. In Mild Depression (1996), the author Yomishi Kasahara uses the term “outpatient depression” for this mild depression and described it as an endogenous non-psychotic depression. The essential points in diagnosis are the presentation of sleep disorders, loss of appetite or weight loss, headache, diminished libido, fatigability, and autonomic symptoms such as constipation, palpitation, stiffness in the shoulder, and dizziness. In these cases, a physical examination and tests will not confirm any organic disease comparable to the symptoms, but will confirm daily mood fluctuations, mildly depressed state, and a loss of interest and pleasure. Mental rest, drug therapy, and support from family and specialists are important in treatment. Also, a physician should bear in mind that his/her role in the treatment differs somewhat between the early stage and chronic stage (i.e., reinstatement period). Key words Mild depression, Outpatient depression, -
Healing the Stigma of Depression
Healing the Stigma of Depression A Guide for Helping Professionals A resource for helping professionals of all disciplines serving people who may be affected by depression—and by its stigma. Written by Pamela Woll, MA, CADP for the Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center and the Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center Healing the Stigma of Depression: A Guide for Helping Professionals Published by: Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center Nathan Linsk, PhD, Principal Investigator Barbara Schechtman, MPH, Executive Director Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center Larry Bennett, PhD, Principal Investigator Nathan Linsk, PhD, Co-Principal Investigator Lonnetta Albright, Director Project Leader: Barbara Schechtman, MPH Co-Leader: Lonnetta Albright Author: Pamela Woll, MA, CADP Research Assistant: Charles M. Bright, LCSW, ACSW Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center Jane Addams College of Social Work University of Illinois at Chicago 1640 W. Roosevelt Road, Suite 511 (M/C 779) Chicago, Illinois 60608 November, 2007 This publication was produced by the Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center (partially supported by a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration and through funds raised independently), and the Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center (under a cooperative agreement from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. This was produced by the Midwest AIDS Training and Education Center, funded in part by HRSA Grant # H4A HA00062. For more information on obtaining copies of this publication, please call (312) 996-1373. Developed in part under a grant funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. -
Fronting, Masking and Emotion Release: an Exploration of Prisoners' Emotional Management Strategies
Fronting, masking and emotion release: An exploration of prisoners’ emotional management strategies Ben Laws His John Sunley Prize winning masters dissertation Fronting, masking and emotion release: Ben Laws Contents 1. Introduction 2. Literature review 3. Methods 4. Calculation and fronting: Generating emotions in prison 5. Masking and releasing emotions 6. Positive emotions in prison 7. Conclusions and policy References Appendix 1 : Interview schedule Appendix 2: Plutchik’s emotion wheel Appendix 3: Consent form Appendix 4 : Information sheet Acknowledgments 2 The Howard League John Sunley Prize winner 1. Introduction You feel emotions, of course you do. It’s part of life, it’s part of being a human, you feel happy, you feel sad, you feel angry. (Alan)1 What forms of emotion are felt (or generated) in prison? How important is it for prisoners to manage such expressions of emotion? Men’s prisons have been described as emotionally volatile places (James, 2003) that are often saturated with violence and aggression (Edgar et al., 2003). In this environment - perhaps as a way of anticipating/avoiding danger - prisoners display intense masculinity, emotional stoicism, and largely reject ‘softer’ emotions (Scraton et al., 1991; Sim, 1994; Toch, 1998). However, this may not be the whole story. Indeed, Crewe et al. (2013) contend that previous accounts have revealed only a partial picture, focusing mainly on the ‘hard-end’ of prison life and overlooking the way that emotion is spatially differentiated in prison. This is to say, one may find diverse forms of emotion expression depending upon where one looks for it (for example, in classrooms, workshops, association areas, segregation units, visiting halls or personal cells). -
Depression in Early Childhood
CHAPTER 25 Depression in Early Childhood Joan L. Luby Diana Whalen Only in the last 10 years have the mental health rized that several core emotions are present at and developmental communities generally ac- birth in the human infant. Subsequently, em- cepted that depression may arise in very early pirical studies provided support for this hypoth- childhood. As early as the 1940s, clinical de- esis (e.g., Izard, Huebner, Risser, & Dougherty, pression was observed and described in infants 1980). Despite these early insights, a significant deprived of primary caregiving relationships body of empirical data that began to outline the (Spitz, 1946). However, in subsequent years, trajectory of early emotion development did not prevailing developmental theory suggested that become available until the late 1980s. Over the young children are too immature to experience last two decades, data informing how children the core emotions of depression, thereby ruling recognize and express discrete emotions, devel- out the possibility of clinical depression before op the ability to regulate emotional responses, school age (Rie, 1966). Subsequent advances in understand the causes and consequences of studies of early childhood emotion development emotions, as well as experience more complex provided data refuting this claim, demonstrat- emotions, have become available (for review, ing the previously unrecognized emotional so- see Denham, 1998; Saarni, 1999). While these phistication of infants and toddlers (Denham, data have provided a broad framework illustrat- 1998; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). Despite this, ing that emotional competence develops earlier empirical data to validate and describe a clini- in life than previously recognized, many details cal depressive syndrome in infants and toddlers about when and how emotional development under the age of 3 years remains scarce, with unfolds in the infancy and preschool period re- some retrospective data suggesting it may arise main understudied. -
Assessment of Childhood Depression
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Volume 11, No. 2, 2006, pp. 111–116 doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00395.x Assessment of Childhood Depression Allan Chrisman, Helen Egger, Scott N. Compton, John Curry & David B. Goldston Box 3492, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Background: Depression as a disorder in childhood began to be increasingly recognised in the 1970s. Epi- demiologic community and clinic-based studies have characterised the prevalence, clinical course, and complications of this illness throughout childhood and adolescence into adulthood. This paper reviews two instruments for assessing depression in prepubertal children – the Dominic Interactive and The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Both instruments are useful in screening for psychiatric disorders and reliably identifying the presence of depressive symptoms in young children. Keywords: Depression; assessment; childhood; PAPA; Dominic Interactive Introduction depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. The recognition that depressive syndromes and dis- In depression, children may report feeling sad, un- orders exist in young people is a relatively recent happy, bored or disinterested in usual activities, angry or development. In the mid-twentieth century, when psy- irritable, or may appear sad or tearful (APA, 1994). The choanalytic theory provided the primary conceptual diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) requires at model for psychiatric disorders, clinicians rarely -
Hypochondriasis and Disease-Claiming Behaviour in Generalpractice A
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Hypochondriasis and disease-claiming behaviour in generalpractice A. R. DEWSBURY, M.R.C.G.P., D.P.M. Birmingham Problems of definition Hypochondriasis presents as a frequent problem in general practice. There is a need both to exclude physical illness and to protect the patient from unnecessary and expensive referrals and investigations. The hypochondriac is also prone to invoke anger in the physician as the patient continues to complain, refuses to accept reassurance or acts aggressively. Both anger and undue sympathy interfere with objective treatment. The hypochondriac is a problem for the taxonomist. The term was coined to describe patients with abdominal symptoms accompanied by mood disturbance (Gillespie, 1929). However the term is now more commonly used to describe patients presenting a bodily complaint for which no adequate physical cause can be found (Brown, 1936). For some authors hypo¬ chondriasis can be equated with depression (Kenyon, 1964). Others stress a multiplicity of complaints (Ray and Advanti, 1962), so that their patients resemble hysteria (in the sense defined by Guze and Perley in 1963). Thus Richards (1940) talks of hypochondriasis as a simple or diffuse eruption of somatic complaints. In order to study hypochondriasis appearing in general practice, attention was paid to what Pilowsky (1969) called "abnormal illness behaviour". In this category it was possible to include simultaneously: (1) those with sensations mimicking physical disease (sensohypochondriacs of Leonhard, 1961), (2) those convinced, without foundation, of specific physical illness (ideohypochondriacs), (3) those claiming illness, without the physician being sure that the patient had either of the above experiences (malingering). This avoids the need to conjecture as to the contents of the patient's consciousness as well as certain semantic difficulties.