Researc Research Reports

RESEARCH CO MMITTEE RESEARCH REPORTS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND ABSTRACTS VOLUME UNlVERS ITY OF GUE LPH -JAN.22-23,1975 These Research Reports, Recommendations and Abstracts are prepared for the January 22 and 23, 1975 Meeting of the Ontario Vegetable Research Cornittee. Information contained in the Research Abstracts is to be considered tentative and NOT FOR PUBLICATION. Abstracts should not be reproduced by any means in whole or in part without the written permission of the authors. Assembling and sununarizing of information has been the responsiblity of crop committee chairmen who are credited in the Table of Contents. Recom- mendations for research are the result of committee discussion and are presented as information for the 20th Annual Meeting of the Ontario Vegetable Research Comit tee. To all those who have contributed abstracts of their research, the Chair- men and Committee express their thanks. H. B. Heeney OVRC Chairman CDA Experimental Farm Smi thf ield January 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEARCH REPORTS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND ABSTRACTS Cmit tee Report (Chairman) Section Page Potato (R. Rowberry) ...............................e.oa.Oo. A ....... 3 Tomato (I.L. Nonnecke) ...................................... B ....... 13 Greenhouse & Protected Crops (J.C. Fisher) .................. C ....... 38 Muck Crops (M. Valk) ........................................ D ....... 52 Crucifer Crops (A. Loughton) ................................ E ....... 74 Asparagus (H. Tiessen) ...............................~oO.O.. F ....... 91 Recommendations & Abstracts not reviewed by Crop Committees Sweet Corn (R. Chard) ....................................... G ...... 101 Pickling Cucumbers (J. O'Sullivan) .......................... H ...... 104 Slicing Cucumbers (V.W. Nuttall) ............................. I ...... 109 Peas.(I.L. Nonnecke) ........................................ J ...... 110 Beans (R.H. Brown) .......................................... K ...... 111 Pepper (J.K. Muehmer) ....................................... L ...... 112 Beets (F. Ingratta) ......................................... M Spinach (S.C. Phatak) ....................................... N ...... 120 Pumpkin (E.A. Kerr) ......................................... 0 ...... 121 Muskmelon @.A. Rieger) ..................................... P Watermelon (W.H. Foott) ..................................... Q ...... 123 Squash (R.H. Cobbledick) .................................... R ...... 124 New Crops and Misc. reports (H.B. Heeney) ................... s ..,.., 125 MEMBERSHIP OF ONTARIO VEGETABLE RESEARCH COMMITTEE H. Foot - CDA, Harrow Research Station B. Heeney (Chairman) - CDA, Smithfield Experimental Farm Ingra t ta - OMAF, Soils & Crops Branch, London R . Jarvis - CDA, Harrow Research Station Lough ton - Hort. Research Inst. of Ontario, Vineland K. Muehmer - Ridgetown College of Agric. & Technology L. Nonnecke (Secretary) - Ont. Agricultural College, Univ. of Guelph Pha tak - Hort. Research Inst. of Ontario, Simcoe Y. Spencer - CDA, Research Institute, London B. Stevenson - CDA, Vineland Research Station Valk - OMAF, Muck Research Station ONTARIO REGIONAL POTATO COMMITTEE 1973 RESEARCH SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS R.G. Rowberry Crop Value (1973) $36,252,000 The Ontario Regional Potato Committee is one of five regional committees, the others being B.C., Prairie, Quebec and Atlantic. Each committee is responsible for policies and priorities within its region and representatives meet annually at the national level to establish nations priorities and to recommend the licensing of new cultivars. 0. R.P.C. Membership R.G. Rowberry, U of G, (Chairman) Production W. Nap, OMAF, Alliston, (Secretary) Extension and Elite Seed Program E.W. Franklin, U of G, Storage A. Zitnak, U of G, Biochemistry F.L. McEWen, U of G, Entomology G.R. Johnston, CDA, U of G, Breeding and seedling evaluation W.B. Towill, CDA, Thunder Bay, Regional testing J. Metcalf, CDA, smithfield, Regional testing W.V. Nuttall, CDA, Harrow, Regional testing G.H. Collin, OMAF, Simcoe, Regional testing M. Valk, OMAF, Bradford, Regional testing R. H. Brown, OMAF, Ridgetown, Regional testing R. Adair, CDA, Smithfield, Processing quality J. Cockerill, CDA, Toronto, Seed certification B. Fuller, CDA, Ottawa, Seed certification E. Fridell, CDA, Barrie, Seed certification' G. Fenney, CDA", London, Seed certification E.C. Chudleigh, Ontario Food Council The Chairman, Potato Section, O.F.V.G.A. A Seed grower A Table-stock grower Invited representatives from the potato proaessing companies Priorities The 1973 recommendation that a long-term study be initiated in the Alliston area to solve the problems arising from monoculture has been accepted in principle, but it is felt that more grower support is needed. A plan of the facilities needed and the types of investigation to be carried out has been prepared and is being presented to the growers' organization and the processing companies for their support. A continuing high-priority need is the provision of virus-free Elite seed to the Ontario seed potato industry. Following the failure to build the necessary facilities in Ontario it is now proposed to-contract with other provinces to supply Ontario Elite seed growers with Elite I seed. l reeding and testing continues to be a very important part of the program. An important new development is the production of chips and French fries from "instant" mashed potatoes. If this expands to be a large part of the processing industry, as well it might, the specifications of the potatoes required could be very different. The matter is being investigated. Due to the poor quality of Ontario-grown seed the Zonal Trial of new cultivars on growers' farms has been in abeyance for the past two years. As there is no improvement in sight it is prop~sedto purchase seed in the Mari- times to continue this important trial. Plant population studies are continuing but there are indications that we may have been going the wrong way in working with higher populations. Some cultivars, because of their morphological plasticity, may yield just as well and have tubers of a more desirable size at much wider in-row spacings than we have hitherto considered as optimum. Work should continue in this matter with new and present cultivars. -. --- BREEDING and evaluating potato seedlings and varieties for-Ontario. Johnston, G.R. In 1974, on the recommendation of the Ontario Regional Potato Committee (ORPC) and supported by the National Potato Breeding Committee, the Michigan-bred potato variety Onaway was granted a license. Onaway is very early sizing, scab-resistant, tough-skinned,drought resistant and consistently outyields the standard Irish Cobbler at early harvest. Also in 1974, on the recommendation of the ORPC and the Atlantic Regional Potato Committee and supported by the National Committee, Freder- icton-bred F58010 was granted a license under the variety name Belleisle. Belleisle is maincrop in maturity, equal in yield to the standard Kennebec, resistant to late blight and storage rot, resistant to tuber damage due to handling and has rated excellent in boiling, baking and french fry quality tests. The decision to release Belleisle was greatly influenced by the very favourable reaction by consumers following the distribution of a quantity of 10-lb. sample packs in the Toronto and Montreal areas. In 1975, Fredericton-bred F61025 will be recommended for release by the ORPC. F61025 is medium-early i.n maturity, almost equal in yield to maincrop standard varieties, resistant to Verticillium wilt and leafroll virus, and has had consistently excellent tablestock and good chipping quality. Promising seedling clones being multiplied for further extensive testing are: G6457-5R - red-skinned, Verticillium wilt-resistant, maincrop maturity; G6666-4y - yellow-fleshed, early maturity, high yield (for an early); and ND6634-2R (North Dakota introduction) - high yield (for an early), very attractive, red-skinned tubers. (Agriculture Canada at the Horticultural Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario). REGIONAL potato trials 1974. Metcalf, J.G. Twelve varieties and advanced were grown and assessed. Average yields were 123 cwt/acre. The better performing lines this year were: ~6457-5~- 180 cwt per acre, good appearing red variety with shallow eyes. G6549-7 - 152 cwt per acre, vigorous plant habit, very good tuber appearance. 1 Alamo - The earliest line in trial, 112 cwt per acre, round tubers. Kennebec - The standard in trial gave 137 cwt per acre, appearance was only fair with some healed growth cracks. (Agriculture Canada, Smithfield Experimental Farm, Box 340, Trenton, Ontario). -.. Late- ----Potato -. Cultivar - - Evaluation.- - -- --- Valk, I;. , Knibbe, Lh., Eleven cultivars were grow. on a deep peat soil. Plant spacing was I irches, except Netted Gel;! (12 inches). Row spacing 34 inches. Plantin,; date: P'ay 29. Irrigation was applied two times during dry periods. A severe ground frost occurred in Zeptember and again in early October. This caused considerable damaze in particular to Abnaki, Kennebec and Wauseon, which fomed tubers close to the soil surface. The highest scoring white cultivars were: Korchip and Abnaki. 'ihe best red cultivar was: Chieftain. The best russet cultivar was Korgold Russet. Ketted Gem produced only 125 bushels per acre. A sam~leol :fields follows: ~ushels/Acre: Iaorchip 693, A.bnaki 511, h'orgold Russet 446, Chieftain 4.46, York 439, i!auseor, 428, Kennebec 4G7. Pluck Research Station, Holland 1, arsh, R.R. ,'1, Kettleby,

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