DOCSLIB.ORG

Sodium Hypochlorite

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Synonyms: Clorox; Liquid Bleach; Sodium Oxychloride CAS Number: 7681-52-9 Chemical Name: Hypochlorous Acid, Sodium Salt RTK Substance Number: 1707 Date: April 2000 Revision: September 2008 DOT Number: UN 1791 Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE BACK PAGE Sodium Hypochlorite is a clear, slightly yellow or green liquid Hazard Summary with a strong Chlorine odor. It is usually mixed in water and Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA used as a household cleaner, a disinfectant, and a bleaching HEALTH 3 - agent. It is also used in water treatment and purification. FLAMMABILITY 0 - REACTIVITY 0 - CORROSIVE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Reasons for Citation 4=severe f Sodium Hypochlorite is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by DOT, IARC and EPA. f Sodium Hypochlorite can affect you when inhaled. f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance f Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with List. possible eye damage. f Inhaling Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate the nose and throat. f Inhaling Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate the lungs. Higher SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. FIRST AID f Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Eye Contact f Sodium Hypochlorite is not combustible but is a STRONG f Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 OXIDIZER which enhances the combustion of other minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact substances. lenses, if worn, while flushing. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact Workplace Exposure Limits f Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of water. Seek NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is medical attention. 0.5 ppm (as Chlorine), which should not be exceeded during any 15-minute work period. Inhalation f Remove the person from exposure. f Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if AIHA: The American Industrial Hygiene Association breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. recommends a Workplace Environmental Exposure f Transfer promptly to a medical facility. Level (WEEL) of 2 mg/m3 for a 15-minute work f Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after period. overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. EMERGENCY NUMBERS Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222 CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337 National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Page 2 of 6 Determining Your Exposure Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at f Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety Data some time after exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite and can Sheet (MSDS) and the label to determine product last for months or years: ingredients and important safety and health information about the product mixture. Cancer Hazard f While Sodium Hypochlorite has been tested, it is not f For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the New classifiable as to its potential to cause cancer. Jersey Department of Health Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, available on the RTK website Reproductive Hazard (www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb) or in your facility’s RTK f According to the information presently available to the New Central File or Hazard Communication Standard file. Jersey Department of Health, Sodium Hypochlorite has not been tested for its ability to affect reproduction. f You have a right to this information under the New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act, the Public Other Effects Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act f Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate the lungs. Repeated if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under the exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. are a private worker. f The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers to label chemicals in the workplace and Medical requires public employers to provide their employees with Medical Testing information concerning chemical hazards and controls. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 following is recommended: CFR 1910.1200) and the PEOSH Hazard Communication Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) require employers to provide f Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure similar information and training to their employees. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. damage already done are not a substitute for controlling Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other exposure. factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under the OSHA Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). Health Hazard Information Mixed Exposures Acute Health Effects f Smoking can cause heart disease, lung cancer, The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen immediately or shortly after exposure to Sodium respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if Hypochlorite: you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health problems. f Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin causing a rash and blisters. f Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate and burn the eyes with possible eye damage. f Inhaling Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate the nose and throat. f Inhaling Sodium Hypochlorite can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. f Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Page 3 of 6 Workplace Controls and Practices f Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or f Do not wear contact lenses when working with this sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less substance. toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust Respiratory Protection ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control should only be used if the employer has implemented a written exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on program that takes into account workplace conditions, workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory The following work practices are also recommended: Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). 3 f Label process containers. f Where the potential exists for exposure over 2 mg/m , (or f Provide employees with hazard information and training. over 0.5 ppm as Chlorine), use a NIOSH approved full f Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. facepiece respirator with an acid gas cartridge and N100 f Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed particulate prefilters. Increased protection is obtained from recommended exposure levels. full facepiece powered-air purifying respirators. f Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. f Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or f Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous cartridge respirator you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect material. Sodium Hypochlorite, (2) while wearing particulate filters f Always wash at the end of the workshift. abnormal resistance to breathing is experienced, or (3) eye f Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes irritation occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator. contaminated. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. f Do not take contaminated clothing home. If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer f Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. good, you may need a new respirator. f Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are f Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace. being handled, processed or stored. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges f Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals. applying cosmetics or using the toilet. 3 f Where the potential exists for exposure over 20 mg/m (or over 5 ppm as Chlorine), use a NIOSH approved supplied- air respirator with a full facepiece operated in a pressure- Personal Protective Equipment demand or other positive-pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate positive-pressure mode. personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train f Exposure to 30 ppm (as Chlorine) is immediately dangerous employees on how and when to use protective equipment. to life and health. If the possibility of exposure above 30 ppm exists, use a NIOSH approved self-contained The following recommendations are only guidelines and may breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a not apply to every situation.
Recommended publications
  • Chemical Disinfectants for Biohazardous Materials (3/21)

    Chemical Disinfectants for Biohazardous Materials (3/21)

    Safe Operating Procedure (Revised 3/21) CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS FOR BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIALS ____________________________________________________________________________ Chemicals used for biohazardous decontamination are called sterilizers, disinfectants, sanitizers, antiseptics and germicides. These terms are sometimes equivalent, but not always, but for the purposes of this document all the chemicals described herein are disinfectants. The efficacy of every disinfectant is based on several factors: 1) organic load (the amount of dirt and other contaminants on the surface), 2) microbial load, 3) type of organism, 4) condition of surfaces to be disinfected (i.e., porous or nonporous), and 5) disinfectant concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and environmental humidity. These factors determine if the disinfectant is considered a high, intermediate or low-level disinfectant, in that order. Prior to selecting a specific disinfectant, consider the relative resistance of microorganisms. The following table provides information regarding chemical disinfectant resistance of various biological agents. Microbial Resistance to Chemical Disinfectants: Type of Microbe Examples Resistant Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Prions Cow) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Bacillus subtilis; Clostridium sporogenes, Bacterial Spores Clostridioides difficile Mycobacterium bovis, M. terrae, and other Mycobacteria Nontuberculous mycobacterium Poliovirus; Coxsackievirus; Rhinovirus; Non-enveloped or Small Viruses Adenovirus Trichophyton spp.; Cryptococcus sp.;
  • EH&S COVID-19 Chemical Disinfectant Safety Information

    EH&S COVID-19 Chemical Disinfectant Safety Information

    COVID-19 CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Updated June 24, 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of disinfection products used throughout UW departments. This document provides general information about EPA-registered disinfectants, such as potential health hazards and personal protective equipment recommendations, for the commonly used disinfectants at the UW. Chemical Disinfectant Base / Category Products Potential Hazards Controls ● Ethyl alcohol Highly flammable and could form explosive Disposable nitrile gloves Alcohols ● ● vapor/air mixtures. ● Use in well-ventilated areas away from o Clorox 4 in One Disinfecting Spray Ready-to-Use ● May react violently with strong oxidants. ignition sources ● Alcohols may de-fat the skin and cause ● Wear long sleeve shirt and pants ● Isopropyl alcohol dermatitis. ● Closed toe shoes o Isopropyl Alcohol Antiseptic ● Inhalation of concentrated alcohol vapor 75% Topical Solution, MM may cause irritation of the respiratory tract (Ready to Use) and effects on the central nervous system. o Opti-Cide Surface Wipes o Powell PII Disinfectant Wipes o Super Sani Cloth Germicidal Wipe 201 Hall Health Center, Box 354400, Seattle, WA 98195-4400 206.543.7262 ￜ fax 206.543.3351ￜ www.ehs.washington.edu ● Formaldehyde Formaldehyde in gas form is extremely Disposable nitrile gloves for Aldehydes ● ● flammable. It forms explosive mixtures with concentrations 10% or less ● Paraformaldehyde air. ● Medium or heavyweight nitrile, neoprene, ● Glutaraldehyde ● It should only be used in well-ventilated natural rubber, or PVC gloves for ● Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) areas. concentrated solutions ● The chemicals are irritating, toxic to humans ● Protective clothing to minimize skin upon contact or inhalation of high contact concentrations.
  • Chemical Storage Cabinets

    Chemical Storage Cabinets

    Storage cabinets Incompatible chemicals must be kept separately to reduce the risk of mixing in case of accidental breakage or response to an emergency within the laboratory. (A starting point is to check the Safety Data Sheet for hazard and storage requirements.) Containers must be kept tightly closed and stored in cabinets which are suitable for the chemical. It is important to check materials which have a shelf life and safely dispose of before the date expires, and generally check the label to ensure it is still suitable and provides the necessary safety information. The condition of the cabinets needs to be checked to ensure that they are providing adequate containment of the materials being stored. Ensure spill trays are used which are capable of holding 110% volume of the largest container being stored in the tray. There may be occasions where the quantities being stored are very small and secondary containment of the chemicals within a cabinet provided would be deemed as providing adequate separation. The table below provides guidance on the type of materials being stored and the type of cabinet which is suitable for that material. This is not a definitive list and does not include ‘Highly Toxic’ materials. Separate guidance is in development. Hazard Group Type of cabinet Safety Sign and suggested Other information Max allowed (where wording applicable) Flammable Liquids Metal flammable storage Flammable liquids must 50 litres of highly flammable cabinet to BS EN 14470- never be stored in a liquid stored in any one E.g. alcohols, toluene, 1:2004, offering minimum refrigerator or freezer laboratory.
  • For Peer Review Only - Page 1 of 27 BMJ Open

    For Peer Review Only - Page 1 of 27 BMJ Open

    BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010387 on 4 April 2016. Downloaded from FALSIFIED MEDICINES IN PERU: A Retrospective Review (1997-2014). ForJournal: peerBMJ Open review only Manuscript ID bmjopen-2015-010387 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 27-Oct-2015 Complete List of Authors: Medina, Edwin; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Bel, Elvira; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Suñé, Josep María; University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology <b>Primary Subject Public health Heading</b>: Secondary Subject Heading: Global health, Epidemiology, Health policy, Health services research Keywords: Safety, Falsified, Medicines, Alerts, counterfeit, Drugs http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. For peer review only - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/guidelines.xhtml Page 1 of 27 BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010387 on 4 April 2016. Downloaded from 1 2 3 FALSIFIED MEDICINES IN PERU: A Retrospective Review (1997-2014). 4 5 6 7 Authors: Edwin Medina1, Elvira Bel1, Josep María Suñé1 8 9 10 11 12 Affiliations: 13 14 15 1. DepartmentFor of peerPharmacy and review Pharmaceutical onlyTechnology, Faculty of 16 Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain 17 18 19 20 Corresponding author: 21 22 Edwin Salvador Medina Vargas 23 24 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology 25 Faculty of Pharmacy 26 University of Barcelona 27 Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona 28 29 Spain 30 Email: [email protected] 31 32 33 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ 34 Keywords: Safety, Falsified, Medicines, Alerts, counterfeit, Drugs 35 36 37 38 39 Word Count 40 41 Abstract: 298 on September 24, 2021 by guest.
  • Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1

    Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1

    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. CIR1039 Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1 Kati W. Migliaccio, Brian Boman and Gary A. Clark2 Introduction Irrigation systems can become partially or completely clogged from biological growths of bacteria or algae which are often present in surface water and ground water. Bacteria and algae use chemical elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or iron as nutrient sources to grow and develop (Figures 1 and 2) (Pitts et al., 2003). Thus, irrigation systems that also receive nutrients (such as natural background concentrations in the water or from fertigation) may experience greater rates of clogging. While all irrigation systems should have some Figure 1. Irrigation emitter clogged with algal growth. type of filtration system, this alone cannot effectively Credits: Brian Boman UF/IFAS remove microorganisms. Microorganism growth can result in clogged pipes, fittings, and emission devices of the chlorine chemical must be used to provide an (sprinklers, drippers, spray jets, etc.), decreasing effective water treatment program without damaging water application amounts and reducing application the irrigation system or the agricultural crop. uniformity and efficiency. The results of these are This publication provides a guide for using generally reduced agriculture productivity. A chlorine to treat inhibiting microorganism buildup in chemical method for removing microbial growth is irrigation systems. chlorination. Proper injection methods and amounts 1. This document is CIR1039, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1992.
  • Sodium Chloride (Halite, Common Salt Or Table Salt, Rock Salt)

    Sodium Chloride (Halite, Common Salt Or Table Salt, Rock Salt)

    71376, 71386 Sodium chloride (Halite, Common Salt or Table Salt, Rock Salt) CAS number: 7647-14-5 Product Description: Molecular formula: NaCl Appearance: white powder (crystalline) Molecular weight: 58.44 g/mol Density of large crystals: 2.17 g/ml1 Melting Point: 804°C1 Density: 1.186 g/ml (5 M in water)2 2 Solubility: 1 M in H2O, 20°C, complete, clear, colorless 2 pH: 5.0-8.0 (1 M in H2O, 25°C) Store at room temperature Sodium chloride is geologically stable. If kept dry, it will remain a free-flowing solid for years. Traces of magnesium or calcium chloride in commercial sodium chloride adsorb moisture, making it cake. The trace moisture does not harm the material chemically in any way. 71378 BioUltra 71386 BioUltra for molecular biology, 5 M Solution The products are suitable for different applications like purification, precipitation, crystallisation and other applications which require tight control of elemental content. Trace elemental analyses have been performed for all qualities. The molecular biology quality is also tested for absence of nucleases. The Certificate of Analysis provides lot-specific results. Much of the sodium chloride is mined from salts deposited from evaporation of brine of ancient oceans, or recovered from sea water by solar evaporation. Due to the presence of trace hygroscopic minerals, food-grade salt has a small amount of silicate added to prevent caking; as a result, concentrated solutions of "table salt" are usually slightly cloudy in appearance. 71376 and 71386 do not contain any anti-caking agent. Applications: Sodium chloride is a commonly used chemical found in nature and in all body tissue, and is considered an essential nutrient.
  • Uncovering Evidence for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Elicit Differential Susceptibility Through Gene-Environment Interactions

    Uncovering Evidence for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Elicit Differential Susceptibility Through Gene-Environment Interactions

    toxics Review Uncovering Evidence for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Elicit Differential Susceptibility through Gene-Environment Interactions Dylan J. Wallis 1 , Lisa Truong 2 , Jane La Du 2, Robyn L. Tanguay 2 and David M. Reif 1,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; [email protected] (L.T.); [email protected] (J.L.D.); [email protected] (R.L.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to myriad disorders, charac- terized by the disruption of the complex endocrine signaling pathways that govern development, physiology, and even behavior across the entire body. The mechanisms of endocrine disruption in- volve a complex system of pathways that communicate across the body to stimulate specific receptors that bind DNA and regulate the expression of a suite of genes. These mechanisms, including gene regulation, DNA binding, and protein binding, can be tied to differences in individual susceptibility across a genetically diverse population. In this review, we posit that EDCs causing such differential responses may be identified by looking for a signal of population variability after exposure. We begin Citation: Wallis, D.J.; Truong, L.; La by summarizing how the biology of EDCs has implications for genetically diverse populations. We Du, J.; Tanguay, R.L.; Reif, D.M. then describe how gene-environment interactions (GxE) across the complex pathways of endocrine Uncovering Evidence for Endocrine- signaling could lead to differences in susceptibility. We survey examples in the literature of individual Disrupting Chemicals That Elicit susceptibility differences to EDCs, pointing to a need for research in this area, especially regarding Differential Susceptibility through the exceedingly complex thyroid pathway.
  • Calcium Chloride CAS N°:10043-52-4

    Calcium Chloride CAS N°:10043-52-4

    OECD SIDS CALCIUM CHLORIDE FOREWORD INTRODUCTION Calcium chloride CAS N°:10043-52-4 UNEP PUBLICATIONS 1 OECD SIDS CALCIUM CHLORIDE SIDS Initial Assessment Report For SIAM 15 Boston, USA 22-25th October 2002 1. Chemical Name: Calcium chloride 2. CAS Number: 10043-52-4 3. Sponsor Country: Japan National SIDS Contact Point in Sponsor Country: Mr. Yasuhisa Kawamura Director Second Organization Div. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100 4. Shared Partnership with: 5. Roles/Responsibilities of the Partners: • Name of industry sponsor Tokuyama Corporation /consortium Mr. Shigeru Moriyama, E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Norikazu Hattori, E-mail: [email protected] • Process used 6. Sponsorship History • How was the chemical or This substance is sponsored by Japan under ICCA Initiative and category brought into the is submitted for first discussion at SIAM 15. OECD HPV Chemicals Programme ? 7. Review Process Prior to The industry consortium collected new data and prepared the the SIAM: updated IUCLID, and draft versions of the SIAR and SIAP. Japanese government peer-reviewed the documents, audited selected studies. 8. Quality check process: 9. Date of Submission: 10. Date of last Update: 2 UNEP PUBLICATIONS OECD SIDS CALCIUM CHLORIDE 11. Comments: No testing (X) Testing ( ) The CaCl2-HPV Consortium members: (Japan) Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Central Glass Co., Ltd. Sanuki Kasei Co., Ltd. Tokuyama Corporation [a global leader of the CaCl2-HPV Consortium] Tosoh Corporation (Europe) Brunner Mond (UK) Ltd. Solvay S.A. (North America) The Dow Chemical Company General Chemical Industrial Products Inc. Tetra Technologies, Inc.
  • 186 SESSION LAWS [Chap

    186 SESSION LAWS [Chap

    186 SESSION LAWS [Chap. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved April 13, 1925. CHAPTER 187—S. F. No. 984. An act to safeguard the distribution and sale of certain danger- ous caustic or corrosive acids, alkalis, and other substances. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota: Section 1. Definitions.—That in this act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise requires, A. The term "dangerous caustic or corrosive substance" means each and all of the acids, alkalis, and substances named below: (a) Hydrochloric acid and any preparation containing free or chemi- cally unneutralized hydrochloric acid (HC1) in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (b) Sulphuric acid and any preparation containing free or chemically unneulralized sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (c) Nitric acid or any preparation containing free or chemically unneutralized nitric acid (HNO3) in a concentration of five per centum or more; (d) Carbolic acid (C6H5OH), otherwise known as phenol, and any preparation containing carbolic acid in a concentration of five per centum or more; (e) Oxalic acid and any preparation containing free or chemically unneutralized oxalic acid (H2C2O4) in a con- centration of ten per centum or more; (f) Any salt of oxalic acid and any preparation containing any such salt in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (g) Acetic acid or any preparation con- taining free or chemically unneutralized acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a concentration of
  • Hydroxy- -Methylbutyrate (Hmb)

    Hydroxy- -Methylbutyrate (Hmb)

    (19) *EP003373740B1* (11) EP 3 373 740 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A23K 10/10 (2016.01) A23L 33/10 (2016.01) 24.02.2021 Bulletin 2021/08 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 16864978.8 PCT/US2016/061278 (22) Date of filing: 10.11.2016 (87) International publication number: WO 2017/083487 (18.05.2017 Gazette 2017/20) (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE OF -HYDROXY- -METHYLBUTYRATE (HMB) AS AN ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVE ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR VERWENDUNG VON BETA-HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRAT (HMB) ALS FUTTERZUSATZ COMPOSITIONS ET PROCÉDÉS D’UTILISATION DE -HYDROXY- -MÉTHYLBUTYRATE (HMB) COMME ADDITIF D’ALIMENT POUR ANIMAUX (84) Designated Contracting States: • BAIER, Shawn AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Polk City, Iowa 50226 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR (74) Representative: Evans, Jacqueline Gail Victoria Marches Intellectual Property Limited (30) Priority: 10.11.2015 US 201562253428 P Wyastone Business Park Wyastone Leys (43) Date of publication of application: Ganarew 19.09.2018 Bulletin 2018/38 Monmouth NP25 3SR (GB) (73) Proprietor: Metabolic Technologies, Inc. (56) References cited: Ames, IA 50010 (US) WO-A1-2004/037010 US-A- 5 028 440 US-A- 5 087 472 US-A- 5 087 472 (72) Inventors: US-A- 6 103 764 US-A1- 2014 249 223 • FULLER, John US-A1- 2015 025 145 Zearing, Iowa 50278 (US) • RATHMACHER, John Story City, Iowa 50248 (US) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations.
  • Mechanism of Action of Sodium Hypochlorite ISSN 0103-6440113

    Mechanism of Action of Sodium Hypochlorite ISSN 0103-6440113

    Braz Dent J (2002) 13(2): 113-117 Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite ISSN 0103-6440113 Mechanism of Action of Sodium Hypochlorite Carlos ESTRELA1 Cyntia R.A. ESTRELA1 Eduardo Luis BARBIN2 Júlio César E. SPANÓ2 Melissa A. MARCHESAN2 Jesus D. PÉCORA2 1Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil 2Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil The choice of an irrigating solution for use in infected root canals requires previous knowledge of the microorganisms responsible for the infectious process as well as the properties of different irrigating solutions. Complex internal anatomy, host defenses and microorganism virulence are important factors in the treatment of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Irrigating solutions must have expressive antimicrobial action and tissue dissolution capacity. Sodium hypochlorite is the most used irrigating solution in endodontics, because its mechanism of action causes biosynthetic alterations in cellular metabolism and phospholipid destruction, formation of chloramines that interfere in cellular metabolism, oxidative action with irreversible enzymatic inactivation in bacteria, and lipid and fatty acid degradation. The aim of this work is to discuss the mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite based on its antimicrobial and physico-chemical properties. Key Words: sodium hypochlorite, irrigating solution, intracanal dressing. INTRODUCTION microbial agent to the infected site, adequate concen- tration of the agent,
  • Disinfection Session Objectives

    Disinfection Session Objectives

    Disinfection Session Objectives • To introduce the principal disinfectants that may be used and highlight key advantages and disadvantages of each • To emphasise the use of chlorination for routine disinfection. • To describe the process of chlorination and discuss the concepts of breakpoint chlorination, chlorine demand and outline basic chlorine chemistry. • To discuss the types of chlorine available and how these may be used for routine disinfection. WHO SEMINAR PACK FOR DRINKING-WATER QUALITY Disinfection Introduction All water supplies should be disinfected. This is aimed both at inactivating remaining bacteria before distribution and providing a residual disinfectant to inactivate bacteria introduced by any subsequent ingress of contaminated water during storage or distribution. At present, the principal disinfectant used worldwide is chlorine, although alternatives are being increasingly investigated and process such as ozonation are becoming more common. Chlorine is generally the disinfectant of choice as it is reasonably efficient, cheap and easy to handle. In all but the smallest water treatment plants, chlorine is added to water as either in aqueous solution (calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite) or chlorine gas. Smaller supplies may use tablets of hypochlorite. Other disinfectants include ozone, ultraviolet light and iodine. These all have disadvantages. UV is not a particularly effective disinfectant and it is difficult to expose water for sufficient time for disinfection to be effective. Neither ozone or UV provide a residual disinfectant and therefore offer no protection against recontamination in distribution. To overcome this, in some water supplies booster ozonation stations are set up along the distribution network. Both iodine and ozone are carcinogenic. There are also significant health and safety concerns, for operators, regarding the generation and application of ozone and chlorine (especially in the gaseous form).