DOCSLIB.ORG

Aves, Coraciiformes SENSU STRICTO), with first Records from Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aves, Coraciiformes SENSU STRICTO), with first Records from Europe Journal of Systematic Palaentology 2 (1): 1–12 Issued 11 March 2004 DOI: 10.1017/S1477201903001093 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum Osteology and systematic position of the Eocene Primobucconidae (Aves, Coraciiformes SENSU STRICTO), with first records from Europe Gerald Mayr Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Cecile´ Mourer-Chauvire´ UMR 5125 Pal´eoenvironnements et Pal´eobiosph`ere, Centre des Sciences de la Terre, Universit´eClaude Bernard-Lyon 1, 27–43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France Ilka Weidig Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany SYNOPSIS The first complete skeletons of the early Eocene avian taxon Primobucconidae Brodkorb, 1970 are described and the osteology and systematic position of these poorly known birds are revised. New specimens from Germany (Messel) and France (Cond´e-en-Brie) are the first Old World records of this taxon. From Messel, two new species, Primobucco perneri sp. nov. and P. frugilegus sp. nov., are described. Cladistic analysis of 36 morphological characters from 14 ingroup taxa placed the Primobucconidae in an unresolved polytomy including fossil and extant rollers (Coraciiformes sensu stricto). Derived characters are presented that support this classification. The Primobucconidae is yet another taxon that exemplifies the great similarity between the early Eocene avifaunas of North America and Europe. It further constitutes the first record of stem group rollers in the New World. Both known specimens of P. frugilegus are preserved with seeds in the area of the stomach, which may indicate that stem group rollers had a more generalised diet than their extant relatives. KEY WORDS Fossil birds, Rollers, Phylogeny, Messel, Green River Formation, Paris Basin Contents Introduction 2 Material and methods 2 Terminology 2 Phylogenetic analysis 2 Institutional abbreviations 3 Systematic descriptions 3 CORACIIFORMES sensu stricto (see Mayr, 1998b)3 PRIMOBUCCONIDAE Feduccia & Martin, 1976 3 Genus PRIMOBUCCO Brodkorb, 1970 4 Primobucco mcgrewi Brodkorb, 1970 4 Primobucco perneri sp. nov. 5 Primobucco frugilegus sp. nov. 7 Primobucconidae gen. et sp. indet. 7 Results of phylogenetic analysis 8 Discussion 8 Acknowledgements 9 References 9 Appendix 1 11 Appendix 2 12 2 G. Mayr ET AL. Introduction conidae from Messel and an isolated tarsometatarsus from the Eocene of France. For the first time complete skeletons The avian species Primobucco mcgrewi was described by of the Primobucconidae are described and the phylogenetic Brodkorb (1970) on the basis of an isolated wing from the relationships of this taxon are evaluated in a cladistic ana- Lower Eocene Green River Formation (Wyoming, USA). It lysis. was considered to be the earliest representative of the Neo- tropical puffbirds (Bucconidae, Galbulae), which constitute part of the traditional (e.g. Wetmore 1960) Piciformes (wood- Material and methods peckers and allies: (Simpson & Cracraft 1981; Swierczewski & Raikow 1981; Johansson & Ericson 2003; Mayr et al. Terminology 2003). Feduccia & Martin (1976) later erected the taxon Primobucconidae for P. mcgrewi and four other early Eo- The traditional Coraciiformes sensu Wetmore (1960) are cene genera that they assumed to be the ‘dominant small probably a polyphyletic taxon, since the Upupiformes and perching birds of the Eocene of North America’ (Feduccia & Bucerotiformes may be more closely related to piciform Martin 1976: 101). Olson & Feduccia (1979) further repor- birds, while cuckoo-rollers (Leptosomidae) are probably ted a record of the Primobucconidae from the Lower Eocene more closely related to ‘non-coraciiform’ birds (e.g. Mayr London Clay of England, but this identification was disputed et al. 2003). Thus, following Mayr (1998b), the term Coracii- by Harrison (1982) who instead assigned another specimen formes sensu stricto (Coraciiformes s.s.) is used here for the from the same deposits to the Primobucconidae. clade that includes the Eocoraciidae, Geranopteridae, Cora- More recently, however, it has been shown that the ciidae and Brachypteraciidae, the term Alcediniformes is Primobucconidae, as established by Feduccia & Martin used for the clade that includes the Meropidae, Alcedinidae, (1976), are a polyphyletic assemblage of birds which be- Momotidae and Todidae, while the term Upupiformes is used long to different higher taxa, such as stem group mousebirds for the clade that includes the Upupidae and Phoeniculidae. (Coliiformes: see Houde & Olson 1992; Mayr & Peters 1998) Osteological terminology follows Baumel & Witmer (1993). and stem group parrots (Psittaciformes: see Mayr 1998a, 2002). The only taxon currently recognised in the Primobuc- conidae is Primobucco mcgrewi (Houde & Olson 1989) and Phylogenetic analysis the holotypic wing is still the only specimen of this species The Primobucconidae have been considered, so far, to be that has been described. However, Houde & Olson (1989: closely related to either the Galbulae (Brodkorb 1970; 2032) noticed that the holotype of P. mcgrewi ‘compares Feduccia & Martin 1976) or to rollers (Houde & Olson 1989). best with one of the newly obtained skeletons from the Green Our analysis covers these taxa and, based on the existing River Formation that represents an undescribed, facultatively phylogenies of the ‘higher land bird assemblage’ (e.g. Sibley zygodactyl (i.e. the fourth toe can be turned backwards), & Ahlquist 1990; Johansson et al. 2001; Mayr et al. 2003), roller-like bird’. These authors further indicated (p. 2030) taxa that are presumed to be closely related forms. Outgroup that P. mcgrewi ‘may belong with roller-like birds similar to comparisons were made with the Musophagidae (turacos) the Madagascan Atelornithidae [= Brachypteraciidae]’. and the Caprimulgidae (nighthawks). Rollers (Coraciiformes sensu stricto), including the ex- For the phylogenetic analysis, skeletons of the ex- tant true rollers (Coraciidae) and the ground rollers (Bra- tant taxa listed below were examined in the collections of chypteraciidae) have a poor early Tertiary fossil record. the Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, the Museum´ National Early Tertiary stem group representatives of rollers were only d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris and the Museum fur¨ Naturkunde, known, so far, from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany Berlin. (Eocoraciidae) and the Upper Eocene of the Quercy fissure fillings in France (Geranopteridae: Mayr & Mourer-Chauvire´ Musophagidae: Corythaixoides, Crinifer, Musophaga, 2000). Tauraco. Molecular studies suggest that rollers are the sister taxon Caprimulgidae: Caprimulgus, Chordeiles. of the alcediniform birds, which include bee-eaters (Merop- idae), kingfishers (Alcedinidae), motmots (Momotidae) and Galbulidae: Galbula. todies (Todidae: Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, Espinosa de los Bucconidae: Chelidoptera, Monasa, Notharchus. Monteros 2000, Johansson et al. 2001, Mayr et al. 2003). Ramphastidae: Megalaima, Psilopogon, Pteroglossus, The earliest alcediniform bird described so far was also Ramphastos, Selenidera, Trachyphonus. from Messel (Mayr 1998b); other early Tertiary Alcedini- Indicatoridae: Indicator. formes are known from the Upper Eocene of France and the Picidae: Colaptes, Dendrocopos, Dendropicos, Jynx, Picus. Oligocene of Switzerland and North America (Olson 1976; Coraciidae: Coracias, Eurystomus. Mourer-Chauvire´ 1985). An as yet undescribed ‘kingfisher- Brachypteraciidae: Atelornis, Geobiastes, Uratelornis. like bird’ from the Green River Formation figured in Grande Meropidae: Merops. (1980: fig. III.19) and Feduccia (1999: 335) belongs to the Alcedinidae: Alcedo, Ceryle, Dacelo, Halcyon, Ispidina. Upupiformes (hoopoes, wood-hoopoes and allies), as indic- Momotidae: Momotus. ated by, e.g. the very long hallux and the derived morphology of the carpometacarpus and distal tarsometatarsus. Todidae: Todus. A revision of the avifauna of the Green River Formation Leptosomidae: Leptosomus. by one of us (I.W.) led to the identification of new specimens Upupidae: Upupa. of P. mcgrewi from the type locality, which are presented in Phoeniculidae: Phoeniculus. this study. We further describe two new taxa of the Primobuc- Bucerotidae: Bucorvus, Bycanistes, Tockus, Penelopides. Osteology and systematics of Eocene Primobucconidae (Aves) 3 A total of 36 characters from 16 terminal taxa (see teridae, which touches the jugal bars. The ‘head’ (Cracraft character matrix in Appendix 2) were coded for a parsimony 1968: fig. 2) of the os lacrimale (SMF-ME 3507a, SMF-ME analysis using PAUP 3.1 (Swofford 1993). All characters 3794) is large, as in extant rollers, Alcedinidae and Galbulae. were coded as unordered. The shortest tree was found using the branch-and-bound search option. The consistency index Vertebrae. The number of praesacral vertebrae appears to (CI), retention index (RI) and rescaled consistency index have been about 19, as in most ‘higher land birds’ (pers. obs.). (RC) were calculated. The robustness of the tree was tested The incisura fossae of the atlas is dorsally open (visible in with a bootstrap analysis of 1000 replicates using the same Primobucco mcgrewi, USNM 336284). There are seven free settings as in the primary analysis. tail vertebrae (SMNK.PAL.404a+b). The pygostyle bears a cranio-caudally wide processus dorsalis, which is also found in extant rollers and alcediniform birds. Institutional Abbreviations Coracoid. The extremitas omalis of the coracoid (SMF-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
    / Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts (Pdf)
    63RD SYMPOSIUM FOR VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY & 24TH SYMPOSIUM OF PALAEONTOLOGICAL PREPARATION AND CONSERVATION WITH THE GEOLOGICAL CURATORS’ GROUP 1 CONTENTS Meeting Schedule 4 Abstracts SPPC talks 10 SVPCA talks 14 SVPCA posters 78 Delegate List 112 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The organisers would like to thank the Palaeontological Association for their support of this meeting, and also for their continued management of the Jones Fenleigh Memorial Fund. A huge amount of the work putting the meeting together was co-ordinated by Mark Young, including editing this Abstract volume, handling abstract submissions and overall organisation. We also thank Stu Pond and Jessica Lawrence Wujek for designing this year's SVPCA logo. Liz Martin-Silverstone and Jessica Lawrence Wujek co-ordinated most of the behind-the- scenes management for this meeting while Stu Pond designed this year’s Conference circulars. Our logo represents a local fossil, Polacanthus from the Isle of Wight (based on a fossil collected by Martin Simpson and Lyn Spearpoint). Finally, we thank Richard Forrest for working on the website and providing general information and support. This year’s meetings are supported by the Hampshire Cultural Trust, Dinosaur Isle, Geological Curators Group, Siri Scientific Press, Palaeocast and Frontiers in Earth Science. HOST COMMITTEE Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Gareth Dyke John Marshall Darren Naish Mark Young Jessica Lawrence Wujek Liz Martin-Silverstone Stu Pond Aubrey Roberts James Hansford Hampshire Cultural Trust Christine Taylor Dinosaur Isle Gary Blackwell Geological Curator's Group Kathryn Riddington 3 MEETING SCHEDULE Monday 31st August 9:00-9:45 SPPC/GCG registration at NOC Security desk (4th floor) Session — SPPC Chair — Mark Young 10:00-10:20 Mark Graham Fossils, Footprints & Fakes 10:20-10:40 Emma Bernard A brief history of the best collection of fossil fish in the world – probably… 10:40-11:00 Jeff Liston et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetically Vetted and Stratigraphically Constrained Fossil Calibrations Within Aves
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Phylogenetically vetted and stratigraphically constrained fossil calibrations within Aves Daniel Ksepka and Julia Clarke ABSTRACT Understanding the timing of the crown radiation of birds is a major goal of avian molecular systematists and paleontologists. Despite the availability of ever-larger molecular datasets and increasingly sophisticated methods for phylogeny reconstruc- tion and divergence time estimation, relatively little attention has been paid to outlining and applying fossil calibrations. As the avian fossil record has become better sampled, and more extinct taxa have been incorporated into a phylogenetic framework, the potential for this record to serve as a powerful source of temporal data for divergence dating analyses has increased. Nonetheless, the desire for abundant calibrations must be balanced by careful vetting of candidate fossils, especially given the prevalence of inaccurate fossil calibrations in the recent past. In this contribution, we provide seven phylogenetically vetted fossil calibrations for major divergences within crown Aves rep- resenting the splits between (1) Anatoidea, (2) Sphenisciformes, (3) Coracioidea, (4) Apodidae, (5) Coliiformes, (6) Psittaciformes, and (7) Upupiformes, and the respective extant sister taxon for each of these clades. Each calibration is based an individual specimen, which maintains the clearest possible chain of inference for converting the relevant stratigraphic horizon to a numerical date. Minimum ages for each fossil are tightly constrained and incorporate associated dating errors, and the distributions of younger fossils from the clades of interest are summarized to provide a starting point for workers interested in estimating confidence intervals or outlining prior age distribu- tion curves. Daniel Ksepka. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27706, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertebrata of Messel Introduction
    Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg | 252 | 95 – 108 | | Frankfurt a. M., 09. 12. 2004 Fossilienfundstätte Messel Nr. 164 * An annotated taxonomic list of the Middle Eocene (MP 11) Vertebrata of Messel Michael MORLO, Stephan SCHAAL, Gerald MAYR & Christina SEIFFERT Abstract 132 vertebrate species are known from the Messel Fossil Site. In this paper, all species and genera are listed, and for each of them the first report from Messel is cited. Moreover, recent discoveries and current research projects are mentioned. The list thus reflects the state-of-the-art knowledge on the present taxonomic status of all vertebrate species and genera of Messel. Key words: Faunal list, Vertebrata, Eocene, Messel Kurzfassung 132 Wirbeltierarten sind derzeit aus der Fossilienfundstelle Grube Messel bekannt. Sie werden hier aufgeführt. Darüber hinaus werden jeweils erste Nachweise aus Messel, neue Funde sowie laufende Forschungsprojekte genannt, wodurch der aktuelle taxonomische Status der einzelnen Arten und Gattungen widergegeben wird. Schlüsselworte: Faunenliste, Vertebrata, Eozän, Messel Introduction flora. The invertebrates will be presented in a separate list (WEDMANN in prep.). A recent overview on the Bac- Comprehensive lists of Eocene organisms known from teria of Messel was provided by LIEBIG (1998) after results the World Heritage Messel Pit Fossil Site have been of biochemical (see KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS 1984) published several times, beginning with TOBIEN (1969 a) and morphological (WUTTKE 1983) analyses had been and KOENIGSWALD (1979), with updates in KOENIGSWALD published. These overviews provide not only quick access (1980 a) and KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS (1984). These to the relevant literature for a specific taxon, but may authors listed all plants and animals known at the time also serve as a taxonomic basis for the ongoing work on by their taxonomic names.
    [Show full text]
  • A SUPERTREE of BIRDS Katie E. Davis
    REWEAVING THE TAPESTRY: A SUPERTREE OF BIRDS Katie E. Davis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Glasgow, Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, January 2008 © K. E. Davis 2008 Declaration I attest that: All material presented in this document was compiled and written by myself unless otherwise acknowledged. Part of the material included in this thesis is being prepared for submission in co-authorship with others: • Chapter 2: Davis, K. E. and Dyke, G. J. In Prep for Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie . “Two new specimens of Primobucco (Aves: Coraciiformes) from the Eocene of North America”. K. E. D. carried out the descriptive work, phylogenetic analyses and wrote the manuscript. G. J. D. provided the specimens and advised on description and writing of the manuscript. • Chapter 6: Lloyd, G. T., Davis, K. E., Pisani, D., Tarver, J. E., Ruta, M., Sakamoto, M., Hone, D. W. E., Jennings, J., Benton, M. J. In Prep for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution”. KED and GTL designed the data collection protocols. GTL, JET, MS, DWEH and RJ performed data collection and entry. KED and DP created the MRP matrices. DP ran tree searches, performed post hoc taxon pruning and produced support values. MJB and GTL collected the stratigraphic data and GTL performed the subsampling tests and calculated diversification rates. JET, MR and GTL performed the time-slicing and diversification shift analyses. MJB, GTL, JET, DP, MR and KED wrote the paper. GTL and JET produced the Supporting Information and Figures.
    [Show full text]
  • A Roller-Like Bird (Coracii) from the Early Eocene of Denmark
    A roller-like bird (Coracii) from the Early Eocene of Denmark Bourdon, Estelle; Kristoffersen, Anette V.; Bonde, Niels Christensøn Published in: Scientific Reports DOI: 10.1038/srep34050 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Bourdon, E., Kristoffersen, A. V., & Bonde, N. C. (2016). A roller-like bird (Coracii) from the Early Eocene of Denmark. Scientific Reports, 6, [34050]. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34050 Download date: 28. sep.. 2021 www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A roller-like bird (Coracii) from the Early Eocene of Denmark Estelle Bourdon1, Anette V. Kristoffersen2 & Niels Bonde1,3 The fossil record of crown group birds (Neornithes) prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary is Received: 22 April 2016 scarce and fragmentary. Early Cenozoic bird fossils are more abundant, but are typically disarticulated Accepted: 05 September 2016 and/or flattened. Here we report the oldest roller (Coracii),Septencoracias morsensis gen. et sp. nov. Published: 27 September 2016 (Primobucconidae), based on a new specimen from the Early Eocene (about 54 million years ago) Fur Formation of Denmark. The new fossil is a nearly complete, three-dimensionally preserved and articulated skeleton. It lies at the lower end of the size range for extant rollers. Salient diagnostic features of Septencoracias relative to other Coracii include the proportionally larger skull and the small, ovoid and dorsally positioned narial openings. Our discovery adds to the evidence that the Coracii had a widespread northern hemisphere distribution in the Eocene. Septencoracias is the oldest substantial record of the Picocoraciae and provides a reliable calibration point for molecular phylogenetic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • AVES: SANDCOLEIFORMES NEW ORDER) Peter Houde and Storrs L
    Z" A RADIATION OF COLY-LIKE BIRDS FROM THE EOCENE OF NORTH AMERICA (AVES: SANDCOLEIFORMES NEW ORDER) Peter Houde and Storrs L. Olson ABSTRACT. A new order and family (Sandcolei formes: Sandcoleidae) and Botauroides Shufeldt 1915. Eobucco, Uintornis, and Bo is erected for the Middle Eocene genera Eobucco Feduccia and Martin tauroides were known only from holotypical tarsometatarsi from 1976, Uintornis Marsh 1872, and Botauroides Shufeldt 1915 of Wyo- the Middle Eocene Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming. ming and three new genera, Sandcoleus, Anneavis, and Chascacocolius These genera were previously placed in the Eocene family Pri- from the Lower Eocene of Wyoming. Sandcoleiforms were coly-like mobucconidae Feduccia and Martin 1976. By preparing some (Coliidae) in appearance, but they exhibited very different bill special- of the holotypes of the Primobucconidae for the first rime [i.e., izations. They were not closely related to any extant orders; nevertheless, they were probably closer to colies than to any other birds currently Neanis schuchertii (Shufeldt 1913), "Neanis" kistneri (Feduccia known. 1973), and "Primobucco" otsoni Feduccia and Martin 1976], we discovered that this family is polyphyletic (Houde and Olson, Key words: Eocene, Wyoming, calcareous nodules, Coliiformes, Pri 1989). Some genera are obligate zygodactyls belonging to the mobucconidae. suborder Galbulae of the Coraciiformes (sensu Olson, 1985), whereas others are anisodactyl (or of unknown foot structure) INTRODUCTION and belong to at least three other higher taxa. We collected numerous specimens of close relatives of Eobuc- The diversity of known Early Eocene avian fossils from North co in the calcareous nodules of the Willwood Formation. A America has dramatically increased since 1980 with the discov- minimum of 10 individuals has now been prepared from six ery of abundant vertebrate "microfossils" in calcareous nodules different nodules.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 the Biogeography of Coelurosaurian Theropods and Its Impact on Their Evolutionary History
    Chapter 4 The Biogeography of Coelurosaurian Theropods and Its Impact on Their Evolutionary History ANYANG DING,1 MICHAEL PITTMAN,1 PAUL UPCHURCH,2 JINGMAI O’CONNOR,3 DANIEL J. FIELD,4 AND XING XU3 ABSTRACT The Coelurosauria are a group of mostly feathered theropods that gave rise to birds, the only dinosaurians that survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event and are still found today. Between their first appearance in the Middle Jurassic up to the end Cretaceous, coelurosaurians were party to dramatic geographic changes on the Earth’s surface, including the breakup of the supercon- tinent Pangaea, and the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. These plate tectonic events are thought to have caused vicariance or dispersal of coelurosaurian faunas, influencing their evolution. Unfortu- nately, few coelurosaurian biogeographic hypotheses have been supported by quantitative evidence. Here, we report the first, broadly sampled quantitative analysis of coelurosaurian biogeography using the likelihood-based package BioGeoBEARS. Mesozoic geographic configurations and changes are reconstructed and employed as constraints in this analysis, including their associated uncertainties. We use a comprehensive time-calibrated coelurosaurian evolutionary tree produced from the The- ropod Working Group phylogenetic data matrix. Six biogeographic models in the BioGeoBEARS package with different assumptions about the evolution of spatial distributions are tested against geographic constraints. Our results statistically favor the DIVALIKE+J and DEC+J models, which allow vicariance and founder events, supporting continental vicariance as an important factor in coelurosaurian evolution. Ancestral range estimation indicates frequent dispersal events via the Apu- lian route (connecting Europe and Africa during the Early Cretaceous) and the Bering land bridge (connecting North America and Asia during the Late Cretaceous).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Eocene Green River Formation: New Anatomical Data from the Earliest Constrained Record of Stem Rollers Author(S): Daniel T
    Primobucco mcgrewi (Aves: Coracii) from the Eocene Green River Formation: New Anatomical Data from the Earliest Constrained Record of Stem Rollers Author(s): Daniel T. Ksepka and Julia A. Clarke Source: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan., 2010), pp. 215-225 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20627163 . Accessed: 30/03/2014 13:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and Taylor & Francis, Ltd. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.83.63.20 on Sun, 30 Mar 2014 13:08:38 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(l):215-225, January 2010 ? 2010 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology ARTICLE PRIMOBUCCO MCGREWI (AVES: CORACII) FROM THE EOCENE GREEN RIVER FORMATION: NEW ANATOMICAL DATA FROM THE EARLIEST CONSTRAINED RECORD OF STEM ROLLERS DANIEL T. KSEPKA*1'2 and JULIA A. CLARKE121 department ofMarine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Campus Box 8208, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, U.S.A., [email protected]; department of Paleontology, North Carolina StateMuseum ofNatural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fossil Record of Bird Behaviour D
    bs_bs_bannerJournal of Zoology Journal of Zoology. Print ISSN 0952-8369 The fossil record of bird behaviour D. Naish Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Keywords Abstract birds; Avialae; fossil; behaviour; palaeontology; ecomorphology. Between the Middle Jurassic and Holocene, birds evolved an enormous diversity of behaviours. The distribution and antiquity of these behaviours is difficult to Correspondence establish given a relatively poor fossil record. Rare crop, stomach and gut contents Darren Naish, Ocean and Earth Science, typically reveal diets consistent with morphology but stem-members of some National Oceanography Centre, lineages (including Cariamae and Coraciiformes) seem to have been different in Southampton ecology from their extant relatives. Most of our ideas about the behaviour of fossil University of Southampton, Southampton birds are based on analogy (with skull form, limb proportions and claw curvature SO14 3ZH, UK. being used to guide hypotheses). However, this has limitations given that some Email: [email protected] extinct taxa lack extant analogues and that some extant taxa do not behave as predicted by osteology. Reductionist methods have been used to test predation Editor: David Hone style and running ability in fossil taxa including moa, Gastornis and phorusrhacids. Virtually nothing is known of nesting and nest-building behaviour Received 18 July 2013; revised 11 but colonial nesting is known from the Cretaceous onwards. Rare vegetative nests December 2013; accepted 17 December demonstrate modern nest-building from the Eocene onwards. Ornamental 2013 rectrices indicate that sexually driven display drove some aspects of feather evo- lution and evidence for loud vocal behaviour and intraspecific combat is known doi:10.1111/jzo.12113 for some taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • (Aves: Coraciiformes Ss: Coraciidae) from the Early Miocene of the Saint
    – 81 – Paleornithological Research 2013 Proceed. 8th Inter nat. Meeting Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution Ursula B. Göhlich & Andreas Kroh (Eds) ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FD580E82-70FA-40F8-A733-EBB22C53E8A2 A new roller (Aves: Coraciiformes s. s.: Coraciidae) from the Early Miocene of the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy area, Allier, France CÉCILE MOURER-CHAUVIRÉ1, JEAN-BAPTISTE PEYROUSE2 & MARGUERITE HUGUENEY1 1 Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5276, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 7, rue de la Grange Vertu, 71400 Autun, France; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract — Miocoracias chenevali, nov. gen., nov. spec., a new genus and species of roller (Aves: Coraciiformes s. s.: Coraciidae) is described from the Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy. This family had not yet been reported from the rich fossil avifauna of this area. Although the material is fragmentary it shows morphologi- cal characteristics different from those of the extinct family Geranopteridae, and can be attributed to the Recent family Coraciidae. The rodents found in the same locality make it possible to attribute it to the MN2a zone. An appendix gives an updated list of the fossil birds identified in the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy area. Key words: Fossil birds, Early Miocene, Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, Mont Merle, Coraciidae, rollers Introduction content of the Coraciiformes sensu stricto of MAYR (1998). The Coraciiformes sensu stricto include three The Geranopteridae have been described extinct families, the Primobucconidae, the Eoc- in the Late Eocene or Oligocene of the Phos- oraciidae, the Geranopteridae, and two Recent phorites du Quercy, in France, but in the new families, the Coraciidae and the Brachypteracii- excavations they have been found only in Upper dae (MAYR 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenomic Supertree of Birds
    diversity Article A Phylogenomic Supertree of Birds Rebecca T. Kimball 1 , Carl H. Oliveros 2 , Ning Wang 3, Noor D. White 4,5 , F. Keith Barker 6, Daniel J. Field 7 , Daniel T. Ksepka 8, R. Terry Chesser 9,10, Robert G. Moyle 11, Michael J. Braun 4,5 , Robb T. Brumfield 2,12, Brant C. Faircloth 2,12, Brian Tilston Smith 13 and Edward L. Braun 1,* 1 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 3 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 4 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC 163, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 5 Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 6 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; and, Bell Museum of Natural History, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA 7 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK 8 Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT 06830, USA 9 U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA 10 Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 11 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA 12 Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803,
    [Show full text]